EP1525291B1 - Lubricating oil and its use - Google Patents

Lubricating oil and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1525291B1
EP1525291B1 EP03766426A EP03766426A EP1525291B1 EP 1525291 B1 EP1525291 B1 EP 1525291B1 EP 03766426 A EP03766426 A EP 03766426A EP 03766426 A EP03766426 A EP 03766426A EP 1525291 B1 EP1525291 B1 EP 1525291B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
lubricating oil
weight
rapeseed oil
rapeseed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03766426A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1525291A1 (en
Inventor
Harri Repo
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Bankruptcy Estate Of Vegaoils Ltd Oy
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Vegaoils Ltd Oy
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/005—Volatile oil compositions; Vaporous lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/62—Food grade properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/04—Aerosols

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lubricating oil for food industry and its use.
  • the requirements for technical oils for food industry machines include compatibility with a food product, because depending on the lubricating target, oil can be entrained in a food product.
  • oil can be entrained in a food product.
  • slicer and divider oils which are used for lubricating blades that cut the food product into smaller pieces, the lubricant comes into contact with the food product being processed.
  • the abovementioned machines are used especially in bakeries for slicing bread, and as an example of these machines and the manners for lubricating their blades can be mentioned US patent 6,192,779 , European patent 878 276 , European patent 15380 , German application publication DE 44 37 625 and European patent 312978 .
  • the German application publication DE 2904827 presents a cutting oil composition for slicers.
  • the basis of the oil is animal or vegetable fat, for example a mixture of soybean oil or turnip rapeseed oil, and solid fine-grained fat or wax is added to it in order to form a film on the blade and to decrease friction between the blade and the bread.
  • Oils for slicers and dough dividers have been developed for 25 to 30 years by taking into account the device demands. Efforts have been made to provide a turnip rapeseed -based oil for slicers, mould lubrication and dividers, but the attempts have failed e.g. because of inadequate antioxidation.
  • Slicing finished bread is a procedure, wherein three materials are for a short time in interaction with each other: a moving metal blade, a thin oil film and the bread.
  • the bread is aimed to be cut relatively shortly after baking, usually at a high temperature (40-60°C), which changes the characteristics of the oils being used too much into a harmful direction.
  • the extent to which the bread sticks to the blade is also greater at higher temperatures.
  • the oil must spread evenly on the blade, it must have a good lubricity at the blade/bread boundary surface, the blade should wash itself in connection with cutting when the oil penetrates the bread, and the blade should remain free of the bread ingredients.
  • the bread slices should also not be stuck together after slicing. Because spraying is a common oil dosage manner on the blade, it is desirable that the oil adheres well to the blade during spraying and no extra lubricating oil mist remains in the air.
  • a purpose of the invention is to disclose a vegetable oil-based lubricating oil, which can be used as lubricating oil in the food product industry, and all of whose components are compatible with food, but whose technical performance is also good, even in the very demanding cutting and slicing of just baked bread or other bakery product.
  • the invention is a turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil based oil, which can be used especially in slicing bread and as dough divider oil, but also in greasing moulds and pans before baking and as pan washing oil in bakeries.
  • the basis of the invention is a perfect compatibility with food and a maximum functionality in applications.
  • a stabile well-lubricating oil mixture is achieved, which at the same time functions as a well-spreading and metal-surfaces-washing oil by utilizing the polarity and viscosity of turnip rapeseed oils and rapeseed oils - an advantageous viscosity/penetration change over a wide temperature area and also when the temperature increases. All this takes place without the vegetable oil polymerising in the abovementioned conditions, i.e. the non-polymerisation of this component is characteristic to the composition.
  • the oil according to the invention includes the following components, which are discussed more in detail later:
  • rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil grades can be blended with each other into an appropriate ratio in order to optimise lubricity, washing ability and dosage.
  • auxiliary lubricant which can suitably be a pharmaceutical grade white oil (synthetic), possibly supplemented with fractions of hydrogenated turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil raffinates (stable turnip rapeseed oil raffinates Akorex L and Akorex C), as well as fatty acid methyl esters (RME), ethyl esters (REE) and propyl esters (RPE) of turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil.
  • auxiliary lubricants By means of the auxiliary lubricants a thin, even film of the oil can be formed on the blade, in which case the auxiliary lubricants function especially on the metal/oil contact surface.
  • emulsifiers which can suitably be lecithins (E322), acetic acid esters of mono and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472a), sucrose esters of fatty acids (E473), or mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471).
  • E322 lecithins
  • E472a acetic acid esters of mono and diglycerides of fatty acids
  • E473 sucrose esters of fatty acids
  • mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids E471
  • the water coming from the bread emulsifies into oil and functions as a material washing the blade, and the oil moves from the surface of the blade into the bread during the cutting.
  • Antioxidation can be achieved by standardizing the tocopherol level of the product.
  • An added tocopherol is more sensitive, functioning as a fast antioxidant in operating conditions, whereas the natural tocopherol contained in turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil improves the storage durability of the product.
  • an aroma oil version by means of which the aroma of the sliced surface can be changed into, for example, garlic.
  • Any desired fat-soluble food product aroma can be used in the invention.
  • the lubricant can be utilized in the aroma formation of a bread or other food product being cut, which gets into contact with oil, in addition to technical lubrication.
  • the function of the turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil component is to function as the carrier of all other components and to lubricate the metal surfaces of the cutting blades by spreading over them quickly.
  • This component consists, in a known manner, mostly of triglycerides of long chain fatty acids.
  • As the base plants of the oils are turnip rape (Brassica rapa var. oleifera) and rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera), advantageously genetically non-engineered turnip rape or rape.
  • the oil obtained from the seeds by pressing can be crude oil or more or less processed, in which case some components have been separated from it, e.g. lecithin.
  • Turnip rapeseed and rapeseed oil are the most polar of vegetable oils, and they can be applied as lubricating oils spreading well on metal blades especially in dosaging taking place by misting. It has been noted that turnip rapeseed and rapeseed oil migrate well onto the surface of metal blades from a mist phase.
  • Aroma materials can be used, if necessary, to modify the characteristics of oil and to offer an aroma change in the finished product. From the point of view of technical functionality they are not essential.
  • Antioxidation is obtained by means of natural tocopherols and lecithins, as well as a synthetic tocopherol combination.
  • Synthetic tocopherol is sensitive and functions as a fast antioxidant in the slicing procedure.
  • the natural tocopherol increases the storage durability of a product.
  • the antioxidation of oil in storage can thus be maintained with an antioxidant contained inherently in the oil, which oxidates more easily than the double bond of the oil to be protected - gradually losing its effectiveness at the same time.
  • the requirement is affected by the packaging being used and the storage conditions.
  • E306 Tocopherol extract, which contains all the components E307 to E309.
  • the antioxidation is effected by a versatile assembly of requirements, which include higher temperatures, cutting forces, the water in the bakery product and other components of the dough, e.g. sugar. It has been detected that added synthetic tocopherol is more sensitive than the natural one. Synthetic tocopherols do not have an allergenic effect either, i.e. they are well suited for use with food products.
  • Citric acid is used in an amount of 25 to 100 ppm (25 to 100 g/tonne of oil).
  • the task of citric acid is adjusting the pH. It is also, however, possible to decrease oil oxidation with citric acid in connection with the cutting blade, and it has a synergy effect with other materials.
  • Propyl gallate is used in an amount of 50 to 200 ppm (50 to 200 g/tonne of oil).
  • a pharmaceutical grade white oil functions as an important part of the lubricant composition, an example of which is polydecene (e.g. Neste Medical White Oil). Polydecene is also know by the English names hydrogenated polydec-1-ene, hydrogenated poly-alpha-olefin. The following table presents more detailed information of the product: Typical analysis values S22 S32 S46 Density kg/m 3 15°C 820 825 830 Flash point °C (COC) 220 240 250 Pour point °C -69 -60 -60 Viscosity index 130 135 135 Viscosity cSt/40°C 20 32 45 Viscosity cSt/100°C 4 6 8 Appearance: Clear, colourless and odourless oil.
  • COC Flash point °C
  • Pharmaceutical grade white oil is used in an amount of 1000 to 5000 ppm (1000 to 5,000 g/toone of oil).
  • white oil is an inert synthetic lubricant, very pure (oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds and aromatic compounds have been removed) liquid based on long-chain inert alkane hydrocarbons, which is characterized by odourlessness and colourlessness.
  • This liquid functions in the composition as an auxiliary lubricant. It also contributes to release characteristics, as well as the blade coming off the bread and the bread slices not sticking to each other after slicing.
  • the processed turnip rapeseed oil Akorex L and/or Akorex C can be used as auxiliary lubricants, which can be used to "extend" the white oil.
  • the materials in question are fractions of hydrogenated turnip rapeseed oil, which are obtained by separating the more solid fractions off when the temperature decreases.
  • the remaining fractions which are fluid in room temperature, are completely inert.
  • Corresponding fractions can be obtained from rapeseed oil.
  • RME turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil methyl ester
  • RME turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil methyl ester
  • REE turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil ethyl or propyl ester
  • These materials are also fluid in room temperature, in which case there is no problem of separation or particles during storage, which is a concern when using e.g. solid waxes.
  • An auxiliary lubricant is inert and oily in room temperature (20°C) and viscous enough. It can be more viscous in room temperature than the oil functioning as the main component.
  • the auxiliary lubricant is used 0.1 to 2.0 weight-% in total in the lubricating oil composition.
  • a lubrication/release-characteristic which prevents sticking, is to be created, as well as washing the metal surface, which takes place in connection with each product contact.
  • lecithin The primary task of lecithin is emulsification inside the oil - in such a manner that the antioxidant effects are maximized.
  • a second task of lecithin is to function as a release material between metal and the product, as well as preventing the product slices from sticking.
  • a third task of lecithin is to enclose metal particles into the film, which particles come off the chains, moulds and blades - thus, it ensures the prevention of the oxidation effects of metal ions, supporting the function of citric acid in the slicing procedure, which requires very fast protection.
  • the fourth task of lecithin is to wash the metal surfaces by utilizing the moisture of the food product.
  • Lecithin is hydrolysed lecithin, which has good release and emulsification properties and whose thermal resistance is advantageously at least 280 °C.
  • Lecithin is used in the amount of 1000 to 15000 ppm (1000 to 15,000 g/tonne of oil), while the optimum is 5000 to 10000 ppm.
  • the values describe the processed (hydrolysed) lecithin added to the oil, the effect of which lecithin is more efficient than the inherent lecithin possibly remained in the oil.
  • the combined effect of lecithin, tocopherols and citric acid in the slicing event is as follows: an antioxidant, an ion catcher and an emulsifier, as well as the release effect.
  • the names of different materials, the E-codes and the manufacturers are provided in the table at the end. It is to be noted that the invention is not restricted to the materials coming from the manufacturers in question, but materials from other suppliers, which have the appropriate characteristics, can also be used.
  • oil especially as cutting oil in slicers is referred to, for which demanding environment the oil has the appropriate characteristics.
  • the oil can also be used as the oil in the dough dividers separating the dough pieces at bakeries.
  • oil is used in lubricating mechanical parts, in which case it can occasionally be carried over to the dough as well, but also for lubricating the blades separating the dough pieces, in which case a contact with the food product is intentional.
  • lubricating oil can be used in lubricating moulds and pans and as pan washing oil, because thus it also comes between the metal and the food product before baking and e.g. its release properties can be utilized.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a lubricating oil, which is used in the food industry as the oil for, slicers and dividers, as lubricating oil for moulds and pans, or as a pan washing oil. The lubricating oil contains at least -turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil as a main component, -auxiliary lubricant, which is selected from the following agents: -pharmaceutical grade white oil, -methyl ester (RME), ethyl ester (REE) or propyl ester (RPE) of turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil, -emulsifier, which is selected from the following agents: -lecithin -acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, -sucrose esters of fatty acids, -antioxidant, which is added synthetic tocopherol.

Description

  • The invention relates to lubricating oil for food industry and its use.
  • In addition to the typical characteristics of lubricating oil, the requirements for technical oils for food industry machines include compatibility with a food product, because depending on the lubricating target, oil can be entrained in a food product. Especially in slicer and divider oils, which are used for lubricating blades that cut the food product into smaller pieces, the lubricant comes into contact with the food product being processed. The abovementioned machines are used especially in bakeries for slicing bread, and as an example of these machines and the manners for lubricating their blades can be mentioned US patent 6,192,779 , European patent 878 276 , European patent 15380 , German application publication DE 44 37 625 and European patent 312978 .
  • For lubricating the abovementioned machines and other food processing machines, there has been an aim to develop "food grade" oils, which otherwise have the characteristics required from lubricating oils, such as viscosity and antioxidation and stability in process conditions. As an example of these, it is possible to mention US patent 6,087,308 , wherein the oil is based on synthetics and is suited for machines, wherein oil may occasionally come into contact with a food product, as well as the oil presented in US patent 5,s9i,285 , which is based on vegetable oils, such as com oil, olive oil, coconut oil or peanut oil. US patent 4,753,742 presents oil suited for dough dividers, which is based on food-approved mineral oil (pure white mineral oil), to which lecithin is added. The use of oils containing large amounts of vegetable oils in this type of machines is criticized in the patent in question.
  • Document US-A-2-2002/0006519 discloses a lubricant composition intended for permanent film on a metal sheet product and basead on by merizable oils.
  • The German application publication DE 2904827 (Horst Groneweg) presents a cutting oil composition for slicers. The basis of the oil is animal or vegetable fat, for example a mixture of soybean oil or turnip rapeseed oil, and solid fine-grained fat or wax is added to it in order to form a film on the blade and to decrease friction between the blade and the bread.
  • Oils for slicers and dough dividers have been developed for 25 to 30 years by taking into account the device demands. Efforts have been made to provide a turnip rapeseed -based oil for slicers, mould lubrication and dividers, but the attempts have failed e.g. because of inadequate antioxidation.
  • In addition, especially for slicing bread, several technical characteristics are required of the oil in addition to food-approvability. Slicing finished bread is a procedure, wherein three materials are for a short time in interaction with each other: a moving metal blade, a thin oil film and the bread. In addition, the bread is aimed to be cut relatively shortly after baking, usually at a high temperature (40-60°C), which changes the characteristics of the oils being used too much into a harmful direction. The extent to which the bread sticks to the blade is also greater at higher temperatures. During dosage, the oil must spread evenly on the blade, it must have a good lubricity at the blade/bread boundary surface, the blade should wash itself in connection with cutting when the oil penetrates the bread, and the blade should remain free of the bread ingredients. The bread slices should also not be stuck together after slicing. Because spraying is a common oil dosage manner on the blade, it is desirable that the oil adheres well to the blade during spraying and no extra lubricating oil mist remains in the air.
  • For quite a while there have been combinations of different vegetable oils, waxes, lecithins and antioxidants on the market, which have been used as lubricating oils. The most well known manufacturer is the German Horst Groneweg GmbH & Co. KG with the trade name Dübör. The oils in question are classified as technical and not manufacturing oils, in which case declaration differs from a product used for food products. For example, antioxidants are not named and the source of lecithin is not indicated, nor are the E-codes.
  • In the future, a perfect food compatibility will be required also from technical oils, because the main part of the use of the applications in question ends up as nutrition with the product.
  • A purpose of the invention is to disclose a vegetable oil-based lubricating oil, which can be used as lubricating oil in the food product industry, and all of whose components are compatible with food, but whose technical performance is also good, even in the very demanding cutting and slicing of just baked bread or other bakery product.
  • The invention is a turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil based oil, which can be used especially in slicing bread and as dough divider oil, but also in greasing moulds and pans before baking and as pan washing oil in bakeries. The basis of the invention is a perfect compatibility with food and a maximum functionality in applications.
  • By blending turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil appropriately, a stabile well-lubricating oil mixture is achieved, which at the same time functions as a well-spreading and metal-surfaces-washing oil by utilizing the polarity and viscosity of turnip rapeseed oils and rapeseed oils - an advantageous viscosity/penetration change over a wide temperature area and also when the temperature increases. All this takes place without the vegetable oil polymerising in the abovementioned conditions, i.e. the non-polymerisation of this component is characteristic to the composition.
  • The oil according to the invention includes the following components, which are discussed more in detail later:
    • turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil, including the mixtures of different oils,
    • auxiliary lubricant,
    • emulsifier, and
    • antioxidant.
  • Different turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil grades, whose purification degrees are different, can be blended with each other into an appropriate ratio in order to optimise lubricity, washing ability and dosage.
  • The lubricity of turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil is not sufficient without an auxiliary lubricant, which can suitably be a pharmaceutical grade white oil (synthetic), possibly supplemented with fractions of hydrogenated turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil raffinates (stable turnip rapeseed oil raffinates Akorex L and Akorex C), as well as fatty acid methyl esters (RME), ethyl esters (REE) and propyl esters (RPE) of turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil. By means of the auxiliary lubricants a thin, even film of the oil can be formed on the blade, in which case the auxiliary lubricants function especially on the metal/oil contact surface.
  • The washability of the blades is achieved with emulsifiers, which can suitably be lecithins (E322), acetic acid esters of mono and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472a), sucrose esters of fatty acids (E473), or mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471). In slicing bread, the water coming from the bread emulsifies into oil and functions as a material washing the blade, and the oil moves from the surface of the blade into the bread during the cutting.
  • Antioxidation can be achieved by standardizing the tocopherol level of the product. An added tocopherol is more sensitive, functioning as a fast antioxidant in operating conditions, whereas the natural tocopherol contained in turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil improves the storage durability of the product.
  • Additional advantages can be provided with an aroma oil version, by means of which the aroma of the sliced surface can be changed into, for example, garlic. Any desired fat-soluble food product aroma can be used in the invention. In this manner, the lubricant can be utilized in the aroma formation of a bread or other food product being cut, which gets into contact with oil, in addition to technical lubrication.
  • According to the invention the portions of the components described later which may vary within wide limits, is as follows:
    • Turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil: 80 to 99.7 weight-%
    • Auxiliary lubricant (e.g. pharmaceutical grade white oil): 0.05 to 10.00 weight-%
    • Lecithin (processed): 0.1 to 1.5 weight-%
    • Alfa-tocopherol (synthetic): 0.0001 to 0.001 weight-%
    • Gamma- and delta-tocopherol (synthetic): total 0.005 to 0.03 weight-%.
  • In the following are introduced the materials used in the oil composition according to the invention, the amount and characteristics of which are discussed later. Some materials are substantial parts of the oil composition according to the invention, while others are supplemental and optional.
  • The materials used
    • 1 a) Turnip rapeseed oil bases:
      • Raffinated (Mildola)
      • SDG (Mildola), crude oil
      • "Neito" (Mildola), raffinated restrictedly
    • 1 b) Turnip rapeseed oil fractions:
      • Akorex (Karlshamns)
    • 2) Lecithins: - Sternphil grades (E322) (Central Soya) hydrolysed lecithin with maximum thermal resistance, release and emulsification properties
    • 3) Auxiliary materials:
      • Citric acid (E330)
      • Sorbic acid (E200)
      • Propyl gallate (E310), Novakemia
      • Butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) (E321)
      • Butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) (E320)
      • Tocopherols (E306), (E307), (E308), (E309)
      • Pharmaceutical grade white oil (e.g. polydecene), Fortum
      • Methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of turnip rapeseed oil (RME, REE, RPE)
    • 4) Emulsifiers (other than lecithin):
      • Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471)
      • Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472a), Grünau
      • Sucrose esters of fatty acids (E473), Sisterna
    • 5) Aromas: - Quest aroma agents (Biofincon Oy), (e.g. butter aroma)
  • In another embodiment of the invention the function of the turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil component, of which there is at least 95 weight-%, advantageously at least 97.5 weight-% of the lubricating oil, is to function as the carrier of all other components and to lubricate the metal surfaces of the cutting blades by spreading over them quickly. This component consists, in a known manner, mostly of triglycerides of long chain fatty acids. As the base plants of the oils are turnip rape (Brassica rapa var. oleifera) and rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera), advantageously genetically non-engineered turnip rape or rape. The oil obtained from the seeds by pressing can be crude oil or more or less processed, in which case some components have been separated from it, e.g. lecithin. Turnip rapeseed and rapeseed oil are the most polar of vegetable oils, and they can be applied as lubricating oils spreading well on metal blades especially in dosaging taking place by misting. It has been noted that turnip rapeseed and rapeseed oil migrate well onto the surface of metal blades from a mist phase.
  • Aroma materials can be used, if necessary, to modify the characteristics of oil and to offer an aroma change in the finished product. From the point of view of technical functionality they are not essential.
    • Antioxidation
  • Antioxidation is obtained by means of natural tocopherols and lecithins, as well as a synthetic tocopherol combination. Synthetic tocopherol is sensitive and functions as a fast antioxidant in the slicing procedure. The natural tocopherol increases the storage durability of a product. The antioxidation of oil in storage can thus be maintained with an antioxidant contained inherently in the oil, which oxidates more easily than the double bond of the oil to be protected - gradually losing its effectiveness at the same time. In addition to the oil type, the requirement is affected by the packaging being used and the storage conditions.
    • Ratio: (portions of synthetic tocopherols)
  • Alfa (E307) 5 to10 %
    Gamma (E308) 40 to 65 %
    Delta (E309) 25 to 55 %
    E306 = Tocopherol extract, which contains all the components E307 to E309.
  • There are a total of 0.005 to 0.03 wight-% of gamma- and delta-tocopherols, while the ratio between them can vary within the percentages described above. There is always alfa-tocopherol present in the tocopherols as well.
  • In the actual oil usage event the antioxidation is effected by a versatile assembly of requirements, which include higher temperatures, cutting forces, the water in the bakery product and other components of the dough, e.g. sugar. It has been detected that added synthetic tocopherol is more sensitive than the natural one. Synthetic tocopherols do not have an allergenic effect either, i.e. they are well suited for use with food products.
  • Citric acid is used in an amount of 25 to 100 ppm (25 to 100 g/tonne of oil). The task of citric acid is adjusting the pH. It is also, however, possible to decrease oil oxidation with citric acid in connection with the cutting blade, and it has a synergy effect with other materials.
  • Propyl gallate is used in an amount of 50 to 200 ppm (50 to 200 g/tonne of oil).
  • A pharmaceutical grade white oil functions as an important part of the lubricant composition, an example of which is polydecene (e.g. Neste Medical White Oil). Polydecene is also know by the English names hydrogenated polydec-1-ene, hydrogenated poly-alpha-olefin. The following table presents more detailed information of the product:
    Typical analysis values S22 S32 S46
    Density kg/m3 15°C 820 825 830
    Flash point °C (COC) 220 240 250
    Pour point °C -69 -60 -60
    Viscosity index 130 135 135
    Viscosity cSt/40°C 20 32 45
    Viscosity cSt/100°C 4 6 8
    Appearance: Clear, colourless and odourless oil.
  • Pharmaceutical grade white oil is used in an amount of 1000 to 5000 ppm (1000 to 5,000 g/toone of oil).
  • Pharmaceutical grade white oil is an inert synthetic lubricant, very pure (oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds and aromatic compounds have been removed) liquid based on long-chain inert alkane hydrocarbons, which is characterized by odourlessness and colourlessness. This liquid functions in the composition as an auxiliary lubricant. It also contributes to release characteristics, as well as the blade coming off the bread and the bread slices not sticking to each other after slicing. As supplements of a synthetic auxiliary lubricant, also the processed turnip rapeseed oil Akorex L and/or Akorex C (Karlshamns) can be used as auxiliary lubricants, which can be used to "extend" the white oil. The materials in question are fractions of hydrogenated turnip rapeseed oil, which are obtained by separating the more solid fractions off when the temperature decreases. The remaining fractions, which are fluid in room temperature, are completely inert. Corresponding fractions can be obtained from rapeseed oil.
  • Another alternative for an auxiliary lubricant is turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME), which is a methyl ester of turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil fatty acids, obtained in the interesterification of a corresponding vegetable oil with methanol. It is possible to use turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil ethyl or propyl ester (REE, RPE) as well, which is obtained by interesterification with ethanol or propanol, respectively. These materials are also fluid in room temperature, in which case there is no problem of separation or particles during storage, which is a concern when using e.g. solid waxes.
  • An auxiliary lubricant is inert and oily in room temperature (20°C) and viscous enough. It can be more viscous in room temperature than the oil functioning as the main component. The auxiliary lubricant is used 0.1 to 2.0 weight-% in total in the lubricating oil composition.
  • At the boundary surface of metal and the product, a lubrication/release-characteristic, which prevents sticking, is to be created, as well as washing the metal surface, which takes place in connection with each product contact.
  • The primary task of lecithin is emulsification inside the oil - in such a manner that the antioxidant effects are maximized. A second task of lecithin is to function as a release material between metal and the product, as well as preventing the product slices from sticking. A third task of lecithin is to enclose metal particles into the film, which particles come off the chains, moulds and blades - thus, it ensures the prevention of the oxidation effects of metal ions, supporting the function of citric acid in the slicing procedure, which requires very fast protection. The fourth task of lecithin is to wash the metal surfaces by utilizing the moisture of the food product.
  • One possible lecithin is discussed in the following. Lecithin is hydrolysed lecithin, which has good release and emulsification properties and whose thermal resistance is advantageously at least 280 °C.
    • Stemphil HSB lecithin
  • Typical analysis values
    Phospholipids min. 30 %
    Insoluble material max. 0,1 %
    Water max. 1,0 %
    Acid number max. 20
    Peroxide number max. 3
    Iodine number (10 %) max. 40
    Viscosity (mPa.s) 25°C max. 200
  • Lecithin is used in the amount of 1000 to 15000 ppm (1000 to 15,000 g/tonne of oil), while the optimum is 5000 to 10000 ppm. The values describe the processed (hydrolysed) lecithin added to the oil, the effect of which lecithin is more efficient than the inherent lecithin possibly remained in the oil.
  • The combined effect of lecithin, tocopherols and citric acid in the slicing event is as follows: an antioxidant, an ion catcher and an emulsifier, as well as the release effect.
  • In the following recipe table, some possible lubricating oil compositions are presented, which can be used in bakeries as slicer oils and dough divider oils, as well as mould oils. The doses are given in weight-%. Tocopherol is given as added synthetic tocopherol and lecithin as added processed lecithin.
    Raffinated turnip rapeseed oil 99.0539 88.8539 88.8739 99.6176 88.5293
    "Neito"-oil - 10.0000 10.0000 - 10.0000
    Lecithin 0.8000 1.0000 1.000 - 0.8000
    Citric acid 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0250 0.0220
    Propyl gallate 0.0200 0.0200 - - 0.0220
    Polydecene 0.1000 0.1000 0.0500 0.0500 0.1000
    Turnip rapeseed oil raffinate - - 0.0500 0.1000 -
    Alfa tocopherol 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001
    Gamma tocopherol 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0036 0.0033
    Delta tocopherol 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0036 0.0033
    E472a - - - 0.1500 -
    E473 - - - 0.0500 -
    Aroma - - - - 0.5200
  • As a summary, the names of different materials, the E-codes and the manufacturers are provided in the table at the end. It is to be noted that the invention is not restricted to the materials coming from the manufacturers in question, but materials from other suppliers, which have the appropriate characteristics, can also be used.
  • Above, the use of oil especially as cutting oil in slicers is referred to, for which demanding environment the oil has the appropriate characteristics. The oil can also be used as the oil in the dough dividers separating the dough pieces at bakeries. In dough dividers, oil is used in lubricating mechanical parts, in which case it can occasionally be carried over to the dough as well, but also for lubricating the blades separating the dough pieces, in which case a contact with the food product is intentional. Similarly, lubricating oil can be used in lubricating moulds and pans and as pan washing oil, because thus it also comes between the metal and the food product before baking and e.g. its release properties can be utilized. When used as pan washing oil, the lubricating oil is used to wash the pan after the previous baking, in which case a lubricating film for the next baking remains on it at the same time. Bakeries are substantial users of oil also in these applications.
    Material E code Manufacturer
    Raffinated turnip rapeseed oil Mildola
    "Neito" turnip rapeseed oil Mildola
    Lecithin 1 E 322
    Hydrolysed lecithin with maximum thermal resistance, Stern Lecithin
    release and emulsification properties (Central Soya)
    Citric acid E 330 Algol
    2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane-tricarboxylic acid
    Propyl gallate E 310 Novakemia
    Polydecene Fortum
    Tocopherols Novakemia
    Alfa tocopherol E 307
    Gamma tocopherol E 308
    Delta tocopherol E 309
    Turnip rapeseed oil raffinate Karlshamns AB
    Akorex L
    Acetic acid esters of monoglyseride of fatty acids E 472a Grunau Illerliseen
    Lamegin EE 190 GmbH
    Sucrose esters of fatty acids E 473 Sisterna B.V
    sucroses SP 50

Claims (11)

  1. Lubricating oil, which is based on turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oils and is a slicer or divider oil, lubricating oil for moulds and pans, or pan washing oil for food industry, characterized in that it contains at least
    - turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil as a main component in an amount of 80 to 99.7 weight-%,
    - auxiliary lubricant in an amount of 0.05 to 10.00 weight-%, which is selected from the following agents:
    - pharmaceutical grade white oil,
    - methyl ester (RME), ethyl ester (REE) or propyl ester (RPE) of turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil,
    - emulsifier, which is selected from the following agents:
    - lecithin in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 weight-%
    - acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids,
    - sucrose esters of fatty acids,
    - antioxidant, to which is added synthetic tocopherol comprising alfa-tocopherol in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.001 weight-% and gamma- and delta-tocopherol in a total amount of 0.005 to 0.03 weight-%.
  2. Lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least
    - turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil as a main component in an amount of at least 95 weight-%, advantageously at least 97,5 weight-%.
  3. The lubricating oil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the emulsifier is hydrolysed lecithin.
  4. The lubricating oil according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the auxiliary lubricant is pharmaceutical grade white oil, possibly supplemented with inert fraction obtained from hydrogenated turnip rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil.
  5. The lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that
    - there is 0.1 to 1.5 weight-% of lecithin, advantageously 0.5 to 1.0 weight-%
    - the added tocopherol comprises gamma and delta tocopherols in an amount of 0.005 to 0.03 weight-% in total.
  6. The lubricating oil according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains citric acid.
  7. The lubricating oil according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that aroma material has been added to it as well.
  8. The use of the lubricating oil according to any of the claims 1 to 7 as lubricating oil for slicers and dividers (machines that slice or divide food products) in the food industry, especially in bakeries.
  9. The use of lubricating oil according to any of the claims 1 to 7 as lubricating oil spread by means of mist lubrication in slicers in the food industry.
  10. The use of lubricating oil according to any of the claims 1 to 7 as lubricating oil of a blade of a bread slicer, in slicing bread which is at the temperature of 40°C to 60°C.
  11. The use of the lubricating oil according to any of the claims 1 to 7 as lubricating oil for baking moulds or pans, or as pan washing oil, especially in bakeries.
EP03766426A 2002-08-01 2003-08-01 Lubricating oil and its use Expired - Lifetime EP1525291B1 (en)

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