EP1519059B1 - Railway vehicle and floating bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The movable bearing point is for the supporting of a first component (1) on a third component (4), whereby the third component is detachably and/or permanently connected to a second component (3). The first and third components have reciprocal contact faces, whereby the first component is pressed onto the third by the second and with corresponding force action the first component is movable in a first direction relative to the third component. A force directed perpendicularly to the first direction is transmitted with little free play from the first component to the third. The first component is a housing, the second a slide block, and the third a guide carriage. An independent claim is included for a rail-mounted vehicle which has at least one guide carriage for each rail.

Description

The invention relates to a rail vehicle and a floating bearing.

GB 1 095 391 discloses a movable bearing according to the preamble of claim 1.

Linear motors designed as rail vehicles are known, with linear motors being able to be implemented as asynchronous, synchronous, reluctance motors or the like.

From the figure 5 of US 4,264,112 is known a floating bearing, which disadvantageously has play in the X direction when force. The movable bearing according to Figure 5 is provided to compensate for a linear expansion in the Y direction. The guide rail 52 is bolted to the plate 2. The rail 5 comprising the block 50 has a groove for receiving the guide rail 52, wherein force in the X direction is transferable. In the Y direction, the plate 2 with the guide rail 52 is relatively movable to the block 52nd

Upon the occurrence of a repulsive force between the plate 2 and guide bar 52, the power flow is directed from the plate 2 via the screw 53 and then via the guide bar 52 to block 50, wherein the force-transmitting surface on the guide rail 52 on the plate 2 facing side lies. Upon the occurrence of an attractive force between the plate 2 and the guide rail 52, the flow of force from the plate 2 via the guide rail 52 is directed towards the block 50, wherein the force-transmitting surface is located on the guide rail 52 on the opposite side. The contact surface, so the guide surface, between block 52 and guide bar 52 is disadvantageously very small in both cases. Thus, disadvantageously occurs a high surface pressure, which has a high abrasion result. Upon the occurrence of said repulsive or attractive forces of the power flow is always through the guide bar 52 passes, which must therefore be carried out accordingly stable and therefore has a high mass.

Another disadvantage is that to form the groove for the guide rail 52 of the block 50 must be made of solid material, whereby the mass is increased.

In addition, the plate 2 together with the guide rail 52 is not made in one piece from continuous casting and therefore expensive and expensive.

The invention is therefore the object of developing a rail vehicle and a floating bearing point such that the wear in industrial applications is improved in a cost effective manner.

According to the object of the floating bearing according to the claim 1 and in the rail vehicle according to the features specified in claim 7.

Essential features of the invention in the floating bearing point are that it is designed for storing a first part, in particular a housing, on a third part, in particular a carriage, in particular with a degree of freedom, such that the third part with a second part, in particular a Slot nut, releasably and / or firmly connected, wherein the first and third part have a mutual contact surface
wherein the first part is pressed onto the third part by means of the second part,
wherein, with a corresponding force, the first part is displaceably arranged in a first direction relative to the third part,
wherein a force directed perpendicular to the first direction directed force is transferable from the first to the third part.

The advantage here is that a change in length, in particular a thermally caused, can be compensated and thus the wear in rail vehicles by means of using a movable bearing point according to the invention can be compensated in a cost effective manner. In addition, it is now possible in a simple manner to realize a large contact surface, ie contact surface, between the first and third part and thus to reduce the abrasion in such thermally induced movements.

An advantage of the invention further, that because of the large contact surface and large forces are transferable and thus no risk to the parts in case of overload occurs.

Low-backlash transmissions are also extremely advantageous in positioning applications.

To improve the heat dissipation, the large contact surface between the first and third part is advantageously usable. Because the magnetic force that acts between magnet and coil assemblies of the linear motor in operation causes attraction between the first and third part. Thus, there is contact in the area of the contact surface between the two parts. In this way, the first part is suitable for heat dissipation and the linear motor can provide a higher power. Further advantageous in the invention that the fastening screws for the sliding blocks in recesses of the continuous casting, which are used as cooling channels for a cooling medium, for example, a gas, air, coolant or water, protrude.

In an advantageous embodiment, the second and third parts are identical, so are made of one piece. The advantage here is that the number of parts is reduced.

In the invention, the second part is provided in a groove of the first part, that the degree of freedom of the movable bearing is directed such that movements of the first part along the groove are executable, in particular thermally induced expansions in the direction of the groove.

In the invention, first and third parts are each made of different materials. The advantage here is that the first part of die-cast aluminum and the third part of steel or cast are produced.

Essential features of the invention in the rail vehicle are that the rail vehicle is movably arranged on at least two mutually parallel rails, wherein the rail vehicle comprises at least one carriage for each rail, wherein the rail vehicle to a first of a first rail associated carriage at least one fixed bearing and the rail vehicle has at least one movable bearing to a first of the guide rail associated with a second rail. The advantage here is that length expansions are compensated and thus the loads, in particular lateral loads are reduced.

In an advantageous embodiment, a measuring system of the rail vehicle is included for detecting the position and / or speed, which is arranged closer to the fixed bearing than at the floating bearing. The advantage here is that the interference of the measuring system can be reduced, in particular caused by thermally or otherwise caused linear expansion measurement errors.

In an advantageous embodiment, the rail vehicle is a linear motor. The advantage here is that the rail vehicle is not passive but includes a drive.

In an advantageous embodiment of the linear motor is designed as a synchronous motor. The advantage here is that a powerful high dynamic positioning drive is predictable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first part comprises coils of the linear motor. The advantage here is that coils are in the moving part, wherein the length expansions resulting from heating can be compensated.

In an advantageous embodiment, the rail vehicle comprises means such that the coils are contactlessly supplied with energy. The advantage here is that no wear-prone power supply is necessary, such as conductor rails with contact rail contacts.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first part comprises a cooling device, such as cooling fins or cooling fingers. The advantage here is that a powerful cooling is provided.

In an advantageous embodiment, the third part comprises an interface for connecting to other devices. The advantage here is that the cooling device between the device to be connected and coils of the linear motor is arranged, wherein the air flow for the removal of heat between housing and device to be connected can flow through.

In an advantageous embodiment, the interface comprises regularly spaced holes. The advantage here is that different devices by means of Interface can be connected and connected, and in this way is not to produce a special rail vehicle for each device to be connected.

In an advantageous embodiment, the housing is a continuous casting. The advantage here is that it is particularly inexpensive manufacturable. In particular, recesses in the continuous casting direction can also be produced inexpensively. Since the movable bearing according to the invention advantageously does not require solid material around the connecting screw, the connecting screw can even protrude into such a recess and thus the rail vehicle can be designed with low mass. In addition, air can thus be passed through these recesses for cooling the housing, which is either actively driven by a fan or passively by the driving wind. In this way, the heat generated by the coil assemblies of the movable part is quickly and easily derivable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the connecting screws protrude into a recess of the housing, which can be produced during the production by means of continuous casting. The advantage here is that no solid material around the nuts and the connecting screws is necessary and thus the cooling is improved. In addition, the mass is reducible.

Further advantages emerge from the subclaims.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

In the FIG. 1 a linear motor according to the invention is shown, comprising a housing 1 made of continuous casting in the moving part, which is connected via at least one bearing point according to the invention with carriage 4. In this case, a part of the housing 1 is cut out, so that the sliding block 3 is better visible. In the FIG. 2 the part visible through the cut-out is enlarged. In FIG. 3 For this purpose, a symbolic section is shown, with which the power flows are made easier to understand.

The linear motor is movable on two spaced rails 6, wherein the guide carriage 4 are executable with ball bearing or plain bearings.

The housing 1 surrounds the coil windings 7 of the linear motor. Depending on the applied electrical power, the coils heat up and thus also lead to corresponding local heating of the housing 1. As a result, corresponding length expansions and corresponding deformations take place on the housing. To compensate for these deformations, the housing is mounted on a first side by means of floating bearing on the first rail associated carriage 4 and mounted on a second side by means of fixed bearings on the second rail associated carriage.

In this way, the length expansion on the non-locating bearing side is compensated such that no unacceptably high forces act on the guide carriage 4. Furthermore, a measuring system for detecting the linear position and / or speed can now be attached to the fixed-bearing side, whereby thermally induced disturbances of the measuring system can be greatly reduced. In particular, the measuring system is mounted on the outside and thus as far away from the areas of thermal heating.

The reactive part, in particular the secondary part of the linear motor, is connected directly or, in the case of other exemplary embodiments according to the invention, indirectly to the rails 6 designed as guide rails. Between the rails, the magnets of the linear motor are glued to the base plate of the reactive part and provided with a counter to the reactive part cover plate 8.

The housing 1 is provided with cooling fins as a cooling device. The housing also has a standardized interface for connecting other devices.

For this purpose, regularly spaced groove fields are provided. The holes 10 shown in the drawings are provided for attachment of the coil assemblies with the coil windings 7.

The said length expansions may under certain circumstances also have other or other causes, such as mechanical stresses which are caused by a further device connected to the housing 1. Other causes include production-related tolerances.

The mounting direction of the linear motor is not fixed. For example, the assembly is executable such that the direction of gravity is directed from the housing 1 to the magnet and its cover plate 8 or vice versa.

The storage by means of floating bearings is in FIG. 2 shown schematically more clearly. In the FIG. 3 is a symbolic corresponding section that illustrates the technical operation.

The housing 1 has a plurality of grooves which are oriented perpendicular to the continuous casting direction. In the FIG. 2 the housing is cut out in this area. The direction of these grooves defines the direction of the degree of freedom of the floating bearing.

In the grooves, a sliding block 3 is provided in each case, which is fixedly connected to the carriage 4. In further embodiments of the invention, the carriage is also integrally executable with the sliding block 3 or a corresponding, functionally equivalent shape. Instead of the sliding block 3 together with the groove, all other mechanical linear guide types can be used.

Each sliding block 3 is firmly connected by means of a connecting screw 2 with the carriage 4. The groove for the sliding block 3 in the housing 1 is dimensioned such that the housing 1 is guided between guide carriage 4 and sliding block 3.

When an occurring between housing 1 and carriage 4 additionally attractive force acting, for example, by the above-mentioned other devices, this force is from the large contact surface of the housing 1 directly to the Transmit contact surface of the carriage. Thus, the pressing force is low and the abrasion is also low. In FIG. 3 the corresponding force flow is marked with F1.

Upon the occurrence of a force acting between housing 1 and carriage 4 additionally repulsive force, this force is transmitted from the housing 1 via the sliding block 3 to the screw head of the connecting screw 2 and from there via the thread of the connecting screw 2 to the carriage 4. In FIG. 3 the associated force flow is marked F2.

Advantageously, the housing 1 does not have to have solid material around the sliding block 3. It is sufficient as much material as is necessary to form the contact surface for the sliding block 3 and the carriage 4. About the connecting screw 2 is free space, which is executable as a bore to allow access of a tool to the connecting screw. In addition, further recesses along the direction of movement, ie in the direction of the continuous casting, can be formed, which can be used as cooling channels for a cooling medium, for example a gas, air, coolant or water. Through these recesses in addition the mass is lowered without the stability is reduced or substantially reduced. These recesses are produced during the production of continuous casting. Thus, no additional costs or effort for their production.

It is also important in the invention that the housing 1 is pressed by means of the sliding block 3 to the carriage 4. Thus, the carriage 4 is low in play with the housing 1, so connected with a small game. This is essential and advantageous in positioning drives. By properly mounting the sliding blocks with carriages, it is possible to reduce the play to almost zero by mounting the sliding blocks slightly adjusted.

Thus, the housing 1 is connected with low play with the carriage 4 and it is a thermally or otherwise conditional length expansion compensated in the direction of the groove.

By means of the choice of material, the friction can be selected within wide limits, which occurs during the shift. For example, the housing 1 is made of aluminum, since the cooling fins represent a highly complex surface. The carriage 4 and the sliding block 3, however are made of steel or cast inexpensive and mechanically stable. Likewise, connecting screws 2 made of steel are providable.

Instead of a linear motor, the invention can also be used in all rail vehicles which comprise at least two rails and a mobile part mounted via guide carriages or wheels. The length expansions to be compensated by the floating bearings do not necessarily have to be thermally conditioned, but may also have other causes.

The floating bearing point can also be used in other devices in which an expansion in one direction is to be compensated. In particular, the use of a groove and a slot nut 3 provided therein according to FIG. 3 is also useful in other devices. Here, the number of movable bearing points is changeable and also the number of floating bearing points with sliding blocks. Instead of the sliding block 3 also correspondingly shaped other parts can be used.

In further embodiments of the invention, the coil windings are arranged separately from the housing 1.

In FIG. 2 are pins for fixing the sliding blocks 3 to see clearly, these pins are beaten during assembly in the sliding blocks 3 and then prevent falling out of the nuts 3 from the housing 1.

Low backlash advantageously means a linear play of less than 20 microns.

Claims (18)

1. A floating bearing for mounting a first part on a third part, in particular with a degree of freedom, wherein the third part is connected to a second part, wherein the first part and the third part have a mutual contact face, wherein the first part is pressed onto the third part by means of the second part, wherein with a suitable application of force the first part is arranged so as to be displaceable in a first direction relative to the third part, wherein a force directed at a right angle to the first direction is capable of being transmitted with a low degree of play from the first part to the third part, characterized in that the second part is provided in a groove in the first part in such a way that the degree of freedom of the floating bearing is directed in such a way that it is possible for movements of the first part to be carried out along the groove, in particular thermally caused expansion in the direction of the groove, and wherein the first part and the third part are produced from different materials in each case.
2. A floating bearing according to Claim 1, characterized in that the third part and the second part are identical, i.e. they are produced from one piece.
3. A floating bearing according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the second part is connected to the third part in a releasable manner by means of a connecting screw (2).
4. A floating bearing according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the first, second and/or third part is or are formed from at least two parts connected in a fixed manner.
5. A floating bearing according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the first part is a housing (1), the second part is a slide block (3) and/or the third part is a guiding carriage (4).
6. A floating bearing according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that pins (5) are capable of being introduced during assembly in order to fix the slide blocks (3) inserted into the respective grooves in the housing (1).
7. A rail vehicle which is arranged so as to be movable on at least two rails (6) arranged parallel to each other, wherein the rail vehicle comprises at least one guiding carriage (4) for each rail (6), the rail vehicle has at least one fixed bearing for a first one of the guiding carriages (4) associated with a first rail (6), and the rail vehicle has at least one floating bearing according to at least one of the preceding Claims for a first one of the guiding carriages associated with a second rail (6).
8. A rail vehicle according to Claim 7, characterized in that the housing (1) is a part formed by continuous casting.
9. A rail vehicle according to one of Claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the connecting screws (2) project into a recess for the removal of heat from the housing (1), which recess is formed by means of continuous-casting methods during production.
10. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the contact face between the housing (1) and the guiding carriage (4) is designed in such a way that heat from the housing (1) is capable of being removed to the guiding carriage (4).
11. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that, in order to detect the position and/or the speed, a measurement system is associated with the rail vehicle which is arranged closer to the fixed bearing than to the floating bearing.
12. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the rail vehicle is a linear motor.
13. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the linear motor is constructed in the form of a synchronous motor.
14. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the third part comprises coils of the linear motor.
15. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the rail vehicle comprises means of such a type that the coils are capable of being supplied with energy without contact.
16. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the third part comprises a cooling apparatus, such as cooling ribs or cooling fingers.
17. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the third part comprises an interface for connecting to further apparatus.
18. A rail vehicle according to any one of Claims 7 to 17, characterized in that the interface comprises bores arranged at a regular distance from one another.

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