EP1513168A2 - Method and apparatus for magnetising a magnet system - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for magnetising a magnet system Download PDFInfo
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- EP1513168A2 EP1513168A2 EP04405528A EP04405528A EP1513168A2 EP 1513168 A2 EP1513168 A2 EP 1513168A2 EP 04405528 A EP04405528 A EP 04405528A EP 04405528 A EP04405528 A EP 04405528A EP 1513168 A2 EP1513168 A2 EP 1513168A2
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- magnetizing
- pulse
- current
- coil
- magnetizing coil
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
- H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
- H01F17/0013—Printed inductances with stacked layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1816—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current making use of an energy accumulator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a Device for magnetizing a magnet system according to Preambles of the independent claims.
- the invention is suitable for.
- magnetizing permanent magnets Magnetizing coil It is known for magnetizing permanent magnets Magnetizing coil to use.
- the magnetizing coil is immediately above the magnetic body to be magnetized or arranged around him.
- the magnetizing coil is a associated with charged capacitor, which via the coil unloaded. That in the magnetizing coil at short notice built-up magnetic field magnetizes the magnetic body.
- the usual pulse durations be 10 ms or more. It is observed that the magnetizing coil undesirably strongly heated, which a high clock frequency makes it impossible and the use of complex cooling systems conditional.
- NdFeB neodymium-iron-boron
- DE-39'34'691 a device is described, in which the magnets in a current-carrying conductor be pushed. A magnetizing of pre-assembled Magnets can not be reached with this device.
- the in DE-39'34'691 mentioned parallelization refers on adjacent conductors for magnetizing long bar magnet or multi-pole Magnetization.
- the method and the device should be particularly also allow permanent magnets made of rare earth materials in Series production with a high clock rate of one second or less magnetizing and so high productivity too guarantee.
- the method and the device are intended for the use in an automated production plant be suitable, while also magnetizing already to allow magnets wound on rotors. she should work energy-saving and get along with air cooling.
- the device should be compact, robust and be cost-effective and if possible standard components use.
- the material to be magnetized with a current flowing through a Magnetisierspule current pulse or the magnetic field built up by the magnetizing coil magnetized and magnetically anchored The magnetization by the magnetic field is the heating of the magnetizing coil opposite. Therefore, the current pulse has to be short enough to avoid any to cause too much warming.
- a Current pulse with a pulse duration between 10 ⁇ s and 500 ⁇ s and preferably used between 10 ⁇ s and 200 ⁇ s.
- Of the Power pulse must be strong enough at the same time, however, for a the magnetization to build up sufficient magnetic field.
- the one required short pulse with strong magnetic field becomes preferably by superposition of several Magnetizing coils with low number of turns achieved.
- the inventive method for Magnetizing a magnet system to the magnet system Magnetizing assigned is with subjected to a current pulse with a limited pulse duration, whereby a magnetic field interacting with the magnet system is built.
- the pulse duration of the current pulse on a value between 10 ⁇ s and 500 ⁇ s and preferably limited between 10 ⁇ s and 200 ⁇ s.
- the inventive device for magnetizing a Magnet system includes a pulse generator circuit with a capacitor element, one with the capacitor element electrically connected magnetizing coil and a Switching element, by its actuation the magnetizing coil with a by discharge of the capacitor element resulting current pulse with limited pulse duration acted upon and thus the structure of a magnetic field is triggerable.
- the pulse generator circuit is such constructed that the pulse duration of the current pulse to a value between 10 ⁇ s and 500 ⁇ s and preferably between 10 ⁇ s and 200 ⁇ s is limited.
- Each of the at least two Magnetizing coils may be assigned a switching element, in which case the device further comprises actuating means has, by means of which the at least two switching elements can be actuated simultaneously.
- the device is the pulse generator circuit several times, for example four to twelve times, existing, what in Following as “parallel multiplication” or Referred to as “parallelization” of the pulse generator circuit becomes. Thanks to parallel multiplication, the Inductance of the magnetizing coil and the capacity of the Capacitor element are kept small in the resonant circuit. This results in the required short pulse durations of eg 100 ⁇ s; nevertheless, enough high magnetic fields generated to modern, sophisticated magnet systems too magnetize.
- the Magnetizing pulse For a reduction of heat energy in the Magnetizing coil is released, so is the Magnetizing pulse in its duration to limit.
- the usual Discharge circuit with freewheeling diode sets a substantial Proportion of the pulse energy stored in the capacitor exponentially decaying end of the pulse around. this section but no longer has a magnetizing effect.
- a novel circuit which in the path of the freewheeling diode a Storage throttle has, can be the exponential Prevent leakage of the current in the magnetizing coil and regain much of the energy in it.
- the inductive feedback allows the second swing the capacitor voltage and thereby prevents the ohmic Losses due to decaying. The remaining energy charges the capacitor element already for the next pulse again on. Thus, a low energy consumption is achieved, and it No elaborate cooling of the coil is necessary.
- the second Swinging over the inductive feedback results in a quadruple parallelization of the magnetizing coil one additional energy savings of 43%. Without parallelization, with a single magnetizing coil and the same power, it is only 18%.
- the pulse generator circuit a return path arranged parallel to the magnetizing coil on which a storage throttle and a direction includes the current pulse blocking diode element.
- the Storage throttle element is advantageously so dimensioned that together with the storage capacitor forms a resonant circuit whose period is greater as the corresponding one of the magnetizing circuit.
- the electromagnetic resonant circuit can by an already magnetized permanent magnet, preferably a NdFeB magnet, get supported. This one will be in the Magnetizing coil inserted in such a way that its field that of Coil superimposed and reinforcing effect.
- the inventive device can be with about 1000 V operate, reducing the requirements for the paint insulation (125 V per turn with 8 turns) between individual Wire windings in the magnetizing coil still in the unproblematic area lie.
- As energy storage preferably pulse-resistant capacitors with metallized Plastic film used. These have a low Self-inductance, what the characteristics of the resonant circuit less influenced. For switching the voltages and currents come z.
- FIG. 1 shows very schematically important elements of a preferred embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention.
- the device 1 includes a plurality of preferably identical pulse generator circuits 2.1-2.4. In the embodiment of Figure 1, four such pulse generator circuits 2.1-2.4 are indicated; but it can also be more or less.
- Each pulse generator circuit 2.1-2.4 has a capacitor element 21, preferably a foil capacitor, and a magnetizing coil 22 electrically connected to the capacitor element 21.
- Each pulse generator circuit 2.1-2.4 also has a switching element 23, for example a thyristor, by the actuation of which a pulse-like discharge of the capacitor element 21 via the magnetizing coil 22 and thus the establishment of a magnetic field in the magnetizing coil 22 can be triggered.
- the device 1 further comprises actuating means 3, by means of which the switching elements 23 of the at least two pulse generator circuits 2.1-2.4 are simultaneously actuated.
- actuating means are known in the art; see, for. B. Werner Lücking, "Thyristor basic circuits: Manual for training, study and practice", VDE-Verlag, 1984.
- the pulse generator circuits 2.1-2.4 and in particular the Magnetisierspulen 22 are mutually arranged so that their magnetic fields superimpose reinforcing. Details of the pulse generator circuits 2.1-2.4 will be discussed further with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a pulse generator circuit 2 for the device 1 according to the invention.
- the capacitor 21 having a capacitance C
- magnetizing coil 22 having an inductance L and thyristor 23 and introduced already on the basis of FIG Inductance L 2
- the magnetizing coil 22 an inner resistor R 1 and the thyristor 23 and the electrical lines connecting these elements an internal resistance R 2 .
- the pulse generator circuit 2 is designed and dimensioned such that the discharge of the capacitor element 21 has a pulse duration of approximately 10-500 ⁇ s and preferably approximately 10-200 ⁇ s. To achieve such short pulse durations, the values of C and L must be small. It may, for example, apply: 1 ⁇ H ⁇ L ⁇ 15 ⁇ H and 15 ⁇ F ⁇ C ⁇ 150 ⁇ F, and preferably 2 ⁇ H ⁇ L ⁇ 8 ⁇ H and 30 ⁇ F ⁇ C ⁇ 75 ⁇ F. In order to build up sufficiently high magnetic fields despite the small L and C values, preferably the pulse generator circuit 2 or parts thereof are multiplied in parallel, as illustrated and explained with reference to FIG.
- the at least one capacitor element 21 should be chargeable with voltages ⁇ C of approximately 100-5000 V and preferably approximately 1200-2000 V.
- the pulse generator circuit 2 should allow discharge currents iL 1 of approximately 1-10 kA and preferably approximately 2-5 kA.
- a return path 24 is arranged parallel to the magnetizing coil 22.
- This includes a storage inductor coil 25 having an inductance L d and a blocking in the direction of the discharge current pulse diode 26.
- the storage inductor coil 25 has an internal resistance R d .
- the storage choke coil 25 is advantageously dimensioned so that it forms a resonant circuit together with the capacitor element 21 whose period is greater, for example. 2 to 1000 times greater and preferably 10 to 100 times greater than the corresponding period of the Magnetisiernikes without return path 24.
- a storage choke coil 25 is preferably selected, which has an inductance L d , which is 2 to 1000 times larger and preferably 10 to 100 times greater than the inductance L 1 of the magnetizing coil, z , B. 10 ⁇ H ⁇ L d ⁇ 150 ⁇ H.
- the different phases of the temporal sequence are for Clarification by three vertical lines from each other demarcated.
- the switching element 23 of the device 1 according to the invention may, instead of the thyristor shown by way of example in FIG. 2, also comprise an insulated gate bipolar transistor 4 (insulated gate bipolar transistor, IGBT). Such a switching element 23 is shown by way of example in FIG .
- the collector C of the IGBT 4 is electrically connected to the magnetizing coil 22. Between the magnetizing coil and the IGBT, a diode 41 blocking the direction of the discharge current pulse may optionally be connected.
- the gate G of the IGBT 4 is driven by a drive device 42.
- the drive unit 42 has an ignition input 43 for an ignition pulse.
- a current sensor 44 is installed, the signal of which is fed via a sensor input 45 into the drive unit 42. If the emitter current I E is positive and a firing pulse is present, the IGBT 4 should let through; otherwise the IGBT 4 should lock.
- FIG. 5 shows a preferred arrangement of magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8 in the device 1 according to the invention in a plan view.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
- eight magnetizing coils 22.1 to 22.8 having different diameters are nested one inside the other.
- Each magnetizing coil 22.1-22.8 has, for example, six turns. It is also possible to use magnetizing coils with bifilar or multifilar windings.
- the magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8 may be rectangular, square or round or have other geometries.
- the arrangement can be completed on both sides by an epoxy glass plate 27.1, 27.2.
- the inner or outer diameter of such an arrangement depends on the particular application and is typically in the range of a few to a few hundred centimeters.
- the resulting magnetic field B ie the superposition of the magnetic fields built up in the eight magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8, is indicated by an arrow.
- the arrangement is z. B. positioned on the surface of a magnetic system to be magnetized 8, such that the largest possible part of the magnetic field B can interact with the material of the magnetic system 8. If the magnet system 8 is accessible, at least partially, from the sides, the arrangement is preferably positioned such that the magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8 surround, at least partially, the magnet system 8. This allows an even more efficient magnetization to be achieved.
- the Magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8 also the same diameter have and be arranged one above the other.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Magnetisieren eines Magnetsystems gemäss den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Die Erfindung eignet sich z. B. dafür, Dauermagnete aus Seltenerd-Materialien auf dem Rotor eines Elektromotors zu magnetisieren und magnetisch zu verankern. Sie kann in automatisierten Magnetisieranlagen mit geringen Taktzeiten bzw. hohen Stückzahlen eingesetzt werden.The present invention relates to a method and a Device for magnetizing a magnet system according to Preambles of the independent claims. The invention is suitable for. For example, permanent magnets made of rare earth materials on the rotor of an electric motor too magnetizing and magnetically anchoring. She can in automated magnetizing systems with low cycle times or high quantities are used.
Es ist bekannt, zum Magnetisieren von Dauermagneten eine Magnetisierspule zu verwenden. Die Magnetisierspule wird unmittelbar über dem zu magnetisierenden Magnetkörper oder um ihn herum angeordnet. Der Magnetisierspule ist ein aufgeladener Kondensator zugeordnet, welcher über die Spule entladen wird. Das in der Magnetisierspule kurzfristig aufgebaute Magnetfeld magnetisiert den Magnetkörper. Um ein genügend grosses Magnetfeld aufzubauen, muss eine Magnetisierspule mit vielen Windungen bzw. einer grossen Induktivität verwendet werden. Die üblichen Pulsdauern betragen 10 ms oder mehr. Dabei wird beobachtet, dass sich die Magnetisierspule unerwünschterweise stark erwärmt, was eine hohe Taktfrequenz verunmöglicht und den Einsatz von aufwändigen Kühlsystemen bedingt.It is known for magnetizing permanent magnets Magnetizing coil to use. The magnetizing coil is immediately above the magnetic body to be magnetized or arranged around him. The magnetizing coil is a associated with charged capacitor, which via the coil unloaded. That in the magnetizing coil at short notice built-up magnetic field magnetizes the magnetic body. To one to build up enough large magnetic field, one must Magnetizing coil with many turns or a large Inductance can be used. The usual pulse durations be 10 ms or more. It is observed that the magnetizing coil undesirably strongly heated, which a high clock frequency makes it impossible and the use of complex cooling systems conditional.
Ein für den Betrieb von gattungsgemässen Magnetisiervorrichtungen geeigneter elektrischer Pulsgenerator ist in der DE-28'06'000 offenbart. Dieser Pulsgenerator beinhaltet eine Schaltung zur Energierückgewinnung mit zwei Kondensatoren oder zwei gleichzeitig gezündeten Hochstrom-Schaltern.One for the operation of generic Magnetizing devices suitable electrical Pulse generator is disclosed in DE-28'06'000. This Pulse generator includes a circuit for Energy recovery with two capacitors or two simultaneously fired high-current switches.
Dauermagnete aus Seltenerd-Materialien wie Neodym-Eisen-Bor (NdFeB) lösen zur Zeit die in grossen Stückzahlen eingesetzten Ferritmagnete ab. Sie sind wegen ihrer hohen Koerzitivkraft erheblich schwieriger zu magnetisieren. Während für die Magnetisierung herkömmlicher Magnete aus Magnetlegierungen oder Ferriten eine magnetische Feldstärke von 800 kA/m genügt, verlangen die modernen Magnete 1600-4000 kA/m. Die letztgenannte Feldstärke liegt höher als der Sättigungsgrad von allen bekannten ferromagnetischen Materialien. Ein Eisenrückschluss für die Magnetisierspule hat deshalb höchstens noch eine unterstützende Wirkung, kann aber keine Feldkonzentration mehr bewirken. Für das Magnetisieren müssen deshalb Luftspulen eingesetzt werden. Diese haben einen wesentlich schlechteren Wirkungsgrad in der Magnetisierung, weil sich das Magnetfeld nicht auf den Magneten konzentrieren lässt. Deshalb müssen wesentlich höhere Leistungen in die Spule gebracht werden, und deren unerwünschte Erwärmung ist entsprechend grösser.Permanent magnets made of rare earth materials such as neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) currently solve the large numbers used ferrite from. They are because of their high Coercive force considerably more difficult to magnetize. While dating for the magnetization of conventional magnets Magnetic alloys or ferrites a magnetic field strength of 800 kA / m is enough, modern magnets demand 1600-4000 kA / m. The latter field strength is higher than the degree of saturation of all known ferromagnetic Materials. An iron yoke for the magnetizing coil therefore has at most a supporting effect, can but cause no more field concentration. For the Magnetizing must therefore be used air coils. These have a much lower efficiency in the Magnetization, because the magnetic field is not on the Let magnets concentrate. That's why essential higher powers are brought into the coil, and whose unwanted heating is correspondingly greater.
Konventionelle Magnetisieranlagen arbeiten mit Pulsdauern von 10 ms oder mehr. Solche Pulsdauern ergeben genügende Eindringtiefen des Magnetfeldes auch in elektrisch leitfähigen Materialien, wo die Ausbreitung magnetischer Felder durch Wirbelströme verzögert wird. Sie erlauben weiter den Einsatz von kostengünstigen Elektrolytkondensatoren zur Energiespeicherung für den Magnetisierpuls und die Anwendung von Halbleiterschaltern für die Netzfrequenz. Für einzelne Magnetisierungen in Labor und Fertigungsbereich eignet sich diese Technik gut, nicht jedoch für die Serienfertigung. In der Serienfertigung fehlt die Zeit zum Abkühlen der Magnetisierspule zwischen den einzelnen Magnetisiervorgängen. Für moderne Dauermagnete mit hoher Koerzitivkraft ist die Leistung einer solchen Magnetisieranlage in der Serienfertigung begrenzt.Conventional magnetizing systems work with pulse durations of 10 ms or more. Such pulse durations give sufficient Penetration depths of the magnetic field also in electrical conductive materials, where the spread of magnetic Fields is delayed by eddy currents. They allow further the use of cost-effective electrolytic capacitors for Energy storage for the magnetizing pulse and the application of semiconductor switches for the mains frequency. For individual Magnetization in laboratory and manufacturing area is suitable This technique is good, but not for mass production. In Series production lacks the time to cool down Magnetizing coil between the individual Magnetisiervorgängen. For modern permanent magnets with high coercive force is the Performance of such a Magnetisieranlage in the Serial production limited.
Bei beengtem Raum für die Magnetisierspule lassen sich Magnete im montierten Zustand mit herkömmlichen Methoden kaum magnetisieren. In diesem Fall werden bereits vorher magnetisierte Dauermagnete in das Magnetsystem eingebaut, was besondere Anforderungen an die Montage stellt. Die Handhabung von magnetisierten Dauermagneten und Magnetsystemen ist heikel, weil ferromagnetische Partikel jeder Art angezogen werden und sich kaum mehr entfernen lassen. Dasselbe gilt für Absplitterungen der Magnete, wie sie sich bei einem zufälligen Aufprall der Dauermagnete zwangsläufig ergeben.In a confined space for the magnetizing coil can be Magnets in the assembled state with conventional methods hardly magnetize. In this case, beforehand magnetized permanent magnets built into the magnet system, which special demands on the assembly. The handling of magnetized permanent magnets and magnet systems delicate because ferromagnetic particles of any kind attracted and can hardly be removed. The same applies to Chipping the magnets, as they are at a accidental impact of the permanent magnets inevitably result.
Ohne Magnetisierpulse kommt die in der DE-100'49'766 offenbarte Anordnung zum Magnetisieren von Magnetsystemen aus. Gemäss dieser Schrift wird eine aus einem kühlbaren Hochtemperatursupraleiter aufgebaute Magnetisierspule verwendet, welche durch eine regelbare Gleichstromquelle gespiesen wird. Diese Anordnung erfordert eine aufwändige Kühlung und verbraucht viel Energie. Die Magnetisierspule aus einem Hochtemperatursupraleiter ist teuer und störungsanfällig.Without Magnetisierpulse comes in DE-100'49'766 disclosed arrangement for magnetizing magnet systems out. According to this document, one of a coolable High-temperature superconductor constructed magnetizing coil used, which by a controllable DC source is fed. This arrangement requires a complex Cooling and consuming a lot of energy. The magnetizing coil off a high temperature superconductor is expensive and trouble-prone.
In der DE-39'34'691 ist eine Vorrichtung beschreiben, bei welcher die Magnete in einen stromdurchflossenen Leiter geschoben werden. Ein Magnetisieren von vormontierten Magneten ist mit dieser Vorrichtung nicht zu erreichen. Die in der DE-39'34'691 erwähnte Parallelisierung bezieht sich auf nebeneinander liegende Leiter zum Magnetisieren von langen Stabmagneten beziehungsweise zur mehrpoligen Magnetisierung.In DE-39'34'691 a device is described, in which the magnets in a current-carrying conductor be pushed. A magnetizing of pre-assembled Magnets can not be reached with this device. The in DE-39'34'691 mentioned parallelization refers on adjacent conductors for magnetizing long bar magnet or multi-pole Magnetization.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Magnetisierung von Dauermagneten anzugeben, welche die oben genannten Nachteile nicht aufweisen. Das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung sollen es insbesondere ermöglichen, auch Dauermagnete aus Seltenerd-Materialien in Serienfertigung mit hoher Taktrate von einer Sekunde oder weniger zu magnetisieren und so eine hohe Produktivität zu gewährleisten. Das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung sollen für den Einsatz in einer automatisierten Produktionsanlage geeignet sein, wobei sie auch das Magnetisieren von bereits auf Rotoren aufbandagierten Magneten zulassen sollen. Sie sollen energiesparend arbeiten und mit Luftkühlung auskommen. Ferner soll die Vorrichtung kompakt, robust sowie kostengünstig sein und nach Möglichkeit Standardkomponenten verwenden.It is an object of the invention, a method and a To provide a device for magnetizing permanent magnets, which do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages. The The method and the device should be particularly also allow permanent magnets made of rare earth materials in Series production with a high clock rate of one second or less magnetizing and so high productivity too guarantee. The method and the device are intended for the use in an automated production plant be suitable, while also magnetizing already to allow magnets wound on rotors. she should work energy-saving and get along with air cooling. Furthermore, the device should be compact, robust and be cost-effective and if possible standard components use.
Diese und andere Aufgaben werden durch das Verfahren bzw. die Vorrichtung gelöst, wie sie in den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen definiert sind. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.These and other objects are achieved by the method and the Device solved, as in the independent Claims are defined. advantageous Embodiments are in the dependent claims specified.
Gemäss der Erfindung wird das zu magnetisierende Material mit einem durch eine Magnetisierspule fliessenden Strompuls bzw. dem durch die Magnetisierspule aufgebauten Magnetfeld magnetisiert und magnetisch verankert. Der Magnetisierung durch das Magnetfeld steht die Erwärmung der Magnetisierspule entgegen. Daher muss der Strompuls genug kurz sein, um keine zu hohe Erwärmung zu verursachen. Erfindungsgemäss wird ein Strompuls mit einer Pulsdauer zwischen 10 µs und 500 µs und vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µs und 200 µs verwendet. Der Strompuls muss aber gleichzeitig genug stark sein, um ein für die Magnetisierung genügendes Magnetfeld aufzubauen. Der dazu erforderliche kurze Puls mit starkem Magnetfeld wird vorzugsweise durch Superposition von mehreren Magnetisierspulen mit geringer Windungszahl erreicht.According to the invention, the material to be magnetized with a current flowing through a Magnetisierspule current pulse or the magnetic field built up by the magnetizing coil magnetized and magnetically anchored. The magnetization by the magnetic field is the heating of the magnetizing coil opposite. Therefore, the current pulse has to be short enough to avoid any to cause too much warming. According to the invention is a Current pulse with a pulse duration between 10 μs and 500 μs and preferably used between 10 μs and 200 μs. Of the Power pulse must be strong enough at the same time, however, for a the magnetization to build up sufficient magnetic field. The one required short pulse with strong magnetic field becomes preferably by superposition of several Magnetizing coils with low number of turns achieved.
Dementsprechend wird im erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zum Magnetisieren eines Magnetsystems dem Magnetsystem eine Magnetisierspule zugeordnet. Die Magnetisierspule wird mit einem Strompuls mit begrenzter Pulsdauer beaufschlagt, wodurch ein mit dem Magnetsystem wechselwirkendes Magnetfeld aufgebaut wird. Dabei wird die Pulsdauer des Strompulses auf einen Wert zwischen 10 µs und 500 µs und vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µs und 200 µs begrenzt. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden dem Magnetsystem mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen zugeordnet und derart gegenseitig angeordnet, dass sich ihre Magnetfelder verstärkend überlagern, und die Magnetfelder der mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen werden gleichzeitig aufgebaut.Accordingly, in the inventive method for Magnetizing a magnet system to the magnet system Magnetizing assigned. The magnetizing coil is with subjected to a current pulse with a limited pulse duration, whereby a magnetic field interacting with the magnet system is built. In this case, the pulse duration of the current pulse on a value between 10 μs and 500 μs and preferably limited between 10 μs and 200 μs. In a preferred Embodiment become the magnet system at least two Magnetizing associated and thus mutually arranged that reinforcing their magnetic fields superimpose, and the magnetic fields of at least two Magnetizing coils are set up at the same time.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Magnetisieren eines Magnetsystems beinhaltet eine Pulsgeneratorschaltung mit einem Kondensatorelement, einer mit dem Kondensatorelement elektrisch verbundenen Magnetisierspule und einem Schaltelement, durch dessen Betätigung die Magnetisierspule mit einem durch Entladung des Kondensatorelements entstehenden Strompuls mit begrenzter Pulsdauer beaufschlagbar und somit der Aufbau eines Magnetfeldes auslösbar ist. Die Pulsgeneratorschaltung ist derart aufgebaut, dass die Pulsdauer des Strompulses auf einen Wert zwischen 10 µs und 500 µs und vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µs und 200 µs begrenzt ist.The inventive device for magnetizing a Magnet system includes a pulse generator circuit with a capacitor element, one with the capacitor element electrically connected magnetizing coil and a Switching element, by its actuation the magnetizing coil with a by discharge of the capacitor element resulting current pulse with limited pulse duration acted upon and thus the structure of a magnetic field is triggerable. The pulse generator circuit is such constructed that the pulse duration of the current pulse to a value between 10 μs and 500 μs and preferably between 10 μs and 200 μs is limited.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen vorhanden und derart gegenseitig angeordnet, dass sich ihre Magnetfelder verstärkend überlagern, und mindestens ein Schaltelement ist derart angeordnet und betätigbar, dass die mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen gleichzeitig mit je einem Strompuls beaufschlagbar sind. Jeder der mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen kann ein Schaltelement zugeordnet sein, wobei diesfalls die Vorrichtung ferner Betätigungsmittel aufweist, mittels welcher die mindestens zwei Schaltelemente gleichzeitig betätigbar sind.In a preferred embodiment, at least two Magnetizing available and so mutually arranged that reinforcing their magnetic fields overlay, and at least one switching element is such arranged and operable that the at least two Magnetizing simultaneously with one current pulse can be acted upon. Each of the at least two Magnetizing coils may be assigned a switching element, in which case the device further comprises actuating means has, by means of which the at least two switching elements can be actuated simultaneously.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist die Pulsgeneratorschaltung mehrfach, bspw. vier- bis zwölffach, vorhanden, was im Folgenden als "parallele Vervielfachung" oder "Parallelisierung" der Pulsgeneratorschaltung bezeichnet wird. Dank der parallelen Vervielfachung kann die Induktivität der Magnetisierspule und der die Kapazität des Kondensatorelements im Schwingkreis klein gehalten werden. Dadurch ergeben sich die erforderlichen kurzen Pulsdauern von bspw. 100 µs; trotzdem werden genügend hohe Magnetfelder erzeugt, um auch moderne, anspruchsvolle Magnetsysteme zu magnetisieren.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the The device according to the invention is the pulse generator circuit several times, for example four to twelve times, existing, what in Following as "parallel multiplication" or Referred to as "parallelization" of the pulse generator circuit becomes. Thanks to parallel multiplication, the Inductance of the magnetizing coil and the capacity of the Capacitor element are kept small in the resonant circuit. This results in the required short pulse durations of eg 100 μs; nevertheless, enough high magnetic fields generated to modern, sophisticated magnet systems too magnetize.
Für eine Reduktion der Wärmeenergie, die in der Magnetisierspule freigesetzt wird, ist also der Magnetisierpuls in seiner Dauer zu begrenzen. Die übliche Entladeschaltung mit Freilaufdiode setzt einen wesentlichen Anteil der im Kondensator gespeicherten Impulsenergie beim exponentiell abfallenden Ende des Pulses um. Dieser Abschnitt hat aber keine magnetisierende Wirkung mehr. Mit einer neuartigen Schaltung, die im Pfad der Freilaufdiode eine Speicherdrosselspule aufweist, lässt sich das exponentielle Auslaufen des Stromes in der Magnetisierspule unterdrücken und die darin steckende Energie grossenteils zurückgewinnen. Die induktive Rückführung ermöglicht das zweite Umschwingen der Kondensatorspannung und verhindert dadurch die ohmschen Verluste durch Ausschwingen. Die verbleibende Energie lädt das Kondensatorelement bereits für den nächsten Puls wieder auf. Somit wird ein geringer Energieverbrauch erzielt, und es ist keine aufwändige Kühlung der Spule nötig. Das zweite Umschwingen über die induktive Rückführung ergibt bei einer vierfachen Parallelisierung der Magnetisierspule eine zusätzliche Energieersparnis von 43 %. Ohne Parallelisierung, mit einer einzigen Magnetisierspule und gleicher Leistung, sind es lediglich 18 %. For a reduction of heat energy in the Magnetizing coil is released, so is the Magnetizing pulse in its duration to limit. The usual Discharge circuit with freewheeling diode sets a substantial Proportion of the pulse energy stored in the capacitor exponentially decaying end of the pulse around. this section but no longer has a magnetizing effect. With a novel circuit, which in the path of the freewheeling diode a Storage throttle has, can be the exponential Prevent leakage of the current in the magnetizing coil and regain much of the energy in it. The inductive feedback allows the second swing the capacitor voltage and thereby prevents the ohmic Losses due to decaying. The remaining energy charges the capacitor element already for the next pulse again on. Thus, a low energy consumption is achieved, and it No elaborate cooling of the coil is necessary. The second Swinging over the inductive feedback results in a quadruple parallelization of the magnetizing coil one additional energy savings of 43%. Without parallelization, with a single magnetizing coil and the same power, it is only 18%.
Dementsprechend weist vorzugsweise die Pulsgeneratorschaltung einen parallel zur Magnetisierspule angeordneten Rückführpfad auf, welcher ein Speicherdrosselelement und ein in Richtung des Strompulses sperrendes Diodenelement beinhaltet. Das Speicherdrosselelement wird dabei vorteilhafterweise so dimensioniert, dass es zusammen mit dem Speicherkondensator einen Schwingkreis bildet, dessen Periodendauer grösser ist als die entsprechende des Magnetisierkreises.Accordingly, preferably, the pulse generator circuit a return path arranged parallel to the magnetizing coil on which a storage throttle and a direction includes the current pulse blocking diode element. The Storage throttle element is advantageously so dimensioned that together with the storage capacitor forms a resonant circuit whose period is greater as the corresponding one of the magnetizing circuit.
Der elektromagnetische Schwingkreis kann durch einen bereits magnetisierten Dauermagneten, vorzugsweise einen NdFeB-Magneten, unterstützt werden. Dieser wird in die Magnetisierspule derart eingelegt, dass sein Feld jenes der Spule überlagert und verstärkend wirkt.The electromagnetic resonant circuit can by an already magnetized permanent magnet, preferably a NdFeB magnet, get supported. This one will be in the Magnetizing coil inserted in such a way that its field that of Coil superimposed and reinforcing effect.
Zur Magnetisierung von typischen Magnetsystemen sind Leistungen nötig, die Spannungen von 1000 V und mehr sowie Ströme im Bereich von Kiloampere bedingen. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung lässt sich mit etwa 1000 V betreiben, wodurch die Anforderungen an die Lackisolation (125 V pro Windung bei 8 Windungen) zwischen einzelnen Drahtwindungen in der Magnetisierspule noch im unproblematischen Bereich liegen. Als Energiespeicher werden vorzugsweise pulsfeste Kondensatoren mit metallisierter Kunststofffolie verwendet. Diese haben eine geringe Eigeninduktivität, was die Eigenschaften des Schwingkreises weniger beeinflusst. Zum Schalten der Spannungen und Ströme kommen z. B. Bipolartransistoren mit isoliertem Tor oder schnelle Thyristoren in Frage.For the magnetization of typical magnet systems are Performances necessary, the voltages of 1000 V and more as well Currents in the range of Kiloampere condition. The inventive device can be with about 1000 V operate, reducing the requirements for the paint insulation (125 V per turn with 8 turns) between individual Wire windings in the magnetizing coil still in the unproblematic area lie. As energy storage preferably pulse-resistant capacitors with metallized Plastic film used. These have a low Self-inductance, what the characteristics of the resonant circuit less influenced. For switching the voltages and currents come z. B. bipolar transistors with insulated gate or fast thyristors in question.
Nachfolgend werden vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen detailliert erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einige wichtige Elemente der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung in einer sehr schematischen perspektivischen Ansicht,
- Fig. 2
- eine Pulsgeneratorschaltung für die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung,
- Fig. 3
- einen zeitlichen Verlauf verschiedener Grössen beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren in einem Diagramm,
- Fig. 4
- ein Schaltelement für die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung,
- Fig. 5
- eine Anordnung von Magnetisierspulen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens in einer Draufsicht und
- Fig. 6
- einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI durch die Anordnung von Fig. 5.
- Fig. 1
- some important elements of the device according to the invention in a very schematic perspective view,
- Fig. 2
- a pulse generator circuit for the device according to the invention,
- Fig. 3
- a time course of different sizes of the inventive method in a diagram,
- Fig. 4
- a switching element for the device according to the invention,
- Fig. 5
- an arrangement of Magnetisierspulen the inventive method in a plan view and
- Fig. 6
- a cross section along the line VI-VI through the arrangement of Fig. 5th
In Figur 1 sind sehr schematisch wichtige Elemente einer
bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen
Vorrichtung 1 dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung 1 beinhaltet
mehrere vorzugsweise identische Pulsgeneratorschaltungen 2.1-2.4.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 1 sind vier derartige
Pulsgeneratorschaltungen 2.1-2.4 angedeutet; es können jedoch
auch mehr oder weniger sein. Jede Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2.1-2.4
weist ein Kondensatorelement 21, vorzugsweise einen
Folienkondensator, und eine mit dem Kondensatorelement 21
elektrisch verbundene Magnetisierspule 22 auf. Jede
Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2.1-2.4 weist ausserdem ein
Schaltelement 23, bspw. einen Thyristor, auf, durch dessen
Betätigung eine pulsartige Entladung des Kondensatorelements
21 über die Magnetisierspule 22 und somit der Aufbau eines
Magnetfeldes in der Magnetisierspule 22 auslösbar ist. Die
Vorrichtung 1 weist ferner Betätigungsmittel 3 auf, mittels
welcher die Schaltelemente 23 der mindestens zwei
Pulsgeneratorschaltungen 2.1-2.4 gleichzeitig betätigbar
sind. Derartige Betätigungsmittel sind dem Fachmann bekannt;
siehe z. B. Werner Lücking, "Thyristor-Grundschaltungen:
Handbuch für Ausbildung, Studium und Praxis", VDE-Verlag,
1984. Die Pulsgeneratorschaltungen 2.1-2.4 und insbesondere
die Magnetisierspulen 22 sind derart gegenseitig angeordnet,
dass sich ihre Magnetfelder verstärkend überlagern. Auf
Einzelheiten der Pulsgeneratorschaltungen 2.1-2.4 wird
anlässlich der Fig. 2 weiter eingegangen. FIG. 1 shows very schematically important elements of a preferred embodiment of the
Figur 2 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer
Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2 für die erfindungsgemässe
Vorrichtung 1. Zu erkennen sind die bereits anlässlich der
Fig. 1 eingeführten Elemente Kondensator 21 mit einer
Kapazität C, Magnetisierspule 22 mit einer Induktivität L und
Thyristor 23. Der Kondensator 21 hat eine innere Induktivität
L2, die Magnetisierspule 22 einen inneren Widerstand R1 und
der Thyristor 23 sowie die diese Elemente verbindenden
elektrischen Leitungen einen inneren Widerstand R2. FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a
Die Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2 ist derart beschaffen und
dimensioniert, dass die Entladung des Kondensatorelements 21
eine Pulsdauer von ca. 10-500 µs und vorzugsweise ca. 10-200
µs hat. Um derart kurze Pulsdauern zu erreichen, müssen die
Werte von C und L klein sein. Es kann bspw. gelten: 1 µH < L
< 15 µH sowie 15 µF < C < 150 µF, und vorzugsweise 2 µH < L <
8 µH sowie 30 µF < C < 75 µF. Um trotz der kleinen L- und C-Werte
genügend hohe Magnetfelder aufzubauen, wird
vorzugsweise die Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2 oder Teile davon
parallel vervielfacht, wie anlässlich von Fig. 1 dargestellt
und erläutert. Das mindestens eine Kondensatorelement 21 soll
mit Spannungen uC von ca. 100-5000 V und vorzugsweise ca.
1200-2000 V aufladbar sein. Die Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2 soll
Entladeströme iL1 von ca. 1-10 kA und vorzugsweise ca. 2-5 kA
ermöglichen.The
In der besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform von Fig. 2 ist
parallel zur Magnetisierspule 22 ein Rückführpfad 24
angeordnet. Dieser beinhaltet eine Speicherdrosselspule 25
mit einer Induktivität Ld und eine in Richtung des
Entladungsstrompulses sperrende Diode 26. Die
Speicherdrosselspule 25 hat einen inneren Widerstand Rd. Mit
dem Rückführpfad 24 lässt sich das exponentielle Auslaufen
des Stromes in der Magnetisierspule 22 unterdrücken und die
darin steckende Energie grossenteils zurückgewinnen. Die
Speicherdrosselspule 25 wird dabei vorteilhaft so
dimensioniert, dass sie zusammen mit dem Kondensatorelement
21 einen Schwingkreis bildet, dessen Periodendauer grösser,
bspw. 2- bis 1000-mal grösser und vorzugsweise 10- bis
100-mal grösser, ist als die entsprechende Periodendauer des
Magnetisierkreises ohne Rückführpfad 24. Um dies zu
erreichen, wird vorzugsweise eine Speicherdrosselspule 25
gewählt, die eine Induktivität Ld hat, die 2- bis 1000-mal
grösser und vorzugsweise 10- bis 100-mal grösser ist als die
Induktivität L1 der Magnetisierspule, z. B. 10 µH < Ld <
150 µH.In the particularly advantageous embodiment of FIG. 2, a
Anhand von Figur 3 wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des
erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens erläutert, welche sich auf die
Pulsgeneratorschaltung 2 von Fig. 2 bezieht. Das Diagramm von
Fig. 3 zeigt eine rechnerische Simulation des zeitlichen
Verlaufs verschiedener Grössen, nämlich:
Die verschiedenen Phasen des zeitlichen Ablaufs sind zur Verdeutlichung durch drei senkrechte Linien voneinander abgegrenzt. The different phases of the temporal sequence are for Clarification by three vertical lines from each other demarcated.
Die Simulation basiert auf den folgenden Werten:
Es resultieren folgende Werte:
Das Schaltelement 23 der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung 1
kann statt des in Fig. 2 beispielhaft dargestellten
Thyristors auch einen Bipolartransistor 4 mit isoliertem Tor
(insulated-gate bipolar transistor, IGBT) beinhalten. Ein
derartiges Schaltelement 23 ist beispielhaft in Figur 4
dargestellt. Der Kollektor C des IGBT 4 ist mit der
Magnetisierspule 22 elektrisch verbunden. Zwischen der
Magnetisierspule und dem IGBT kann fakultativ eine entgegen
der Richtung des Entladungsstrompulses sperrende Diode 41
geschaltet sein. Das Tor G des IGBT 4 wird von einem
Ansteuergerät 42 angesteuert. Das Ansteuergerät 42 weist
einen Zündeingang 43 für einen Zündpuls auf. Nach dem Emitter
E des IGBT 4 ist ein Stromsensor 44 eingebaut, dessen Signal
über einen Sensoreingang 45 in das Ansteuergerät 42
eingespiesen wird. Ist der Emitterstrom IE positiv und ist
ein Zündpuls vorhanden, so soll der IGBT 4 durchlassen;
andernfalls soll der IGBT 4 sperren.The switching
In Figur 5 ist eine bevorzugte Anordnung von
Magnetisierspulen 22.1-22.8 in der erfindungsgemässen
Vorrichtung 1 in einer Draufsicht dargestellt. Figur 6 zeigt
einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 5. In
diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind acht Magnetisierspulen 22.1-22.8
mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern ineinander
verschachtelt. Jede Magnetisierspule 22.1-22.8 weist bspw.
sechs Windungen auf. Es können auch Magnetisierspulen mit
bifilaren oder multifilaren Wicklungen eingesetzt werden. Die
Magnetisierspulen 22.1-22.8 können rechteckig, quadratisch
oder rund sein oder andere Geometrien aufweisen. Die
Anordnung kann beidseitig durch je eine Epoxy-Glasplatte
27.1, 27.2 abgeschlossen sein. Der Innen- bzw.
Aussendurchmesser einer solchen Anordnung hängt von der
jeweiligen Anwendung ab und liegt typischerweise im Bereich
von einigen bis einigen hundert Zentimetern. Das
resultierende Magnetfeld B, d. h. die Superposition der in
den acht Magnetisierspulen 22.1-22.8 aufgebauten
Magnetfelder, ist mit einem Pfeil angedeutet. Die Anordnung
wird z. B. auf der Oberfläche eines zu magnetisierenden
Magnetsystems 8 positioniert, derart, dass ein möglichst
grosser Teil des Magnetfelds B mit dem Material des
Magnetsystems 8 wechselwirken kann. Falls das Magnetsystem 8,
zumindest teilweise, von den Seiten her zugänglich ist, wird
die Anordnung vorzugsweise derart positioniert, dass die
Magnetisierspulen 22.1-22.8 das Magnetsystem 8, zumindest
teilweise, umgeben. So kann eine noch effizientere
Magnetisierung erzielt werden. FIG. 5 shows a preferred arrangement of magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8 in the
Alternativ zum hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel können die Magnetisierspulen 22.1-22.8 auch dieselben Durchmesser aufweisen und übereinander angeordnet sein. Selbstverständlich sind auch Kombinationen von Verschachtelung und Anordnung übereinander möglich. Alternatively to the embodiment shown here, the Magnetizing coils 22.1-22.8 also the same diameter have and be arranged one above the other. Of course, combinations of Nesting and arrangement on top of each other possible.
- 11
- Vorrichtungcontraption
- 22
- PulsgeneratorschaltungPulse generator circuit
- 2121
- Kondensatorelementcapacitor element
- 2222
- Magnetisierspulemagnetizing
- 2323
- Schaltelementswitching element
- 2424
- RückführpfadReturn path
- 2525
- SpeicherdrosselspuleStorage inductor
- 2626
- Diodediode
- 27.1, 27.227.1, 27.2
- Epoxy-GlasplatteEpoxy-glass plate
- 33
- Betätigungsmittelactuating means
- 44
- IGBTIGBT
- 4141
- Diodediode
- 4242
- AnsteuergerätA driving
- 4343
- Zündeingangignition input
- 4444
- Stromsensorcurrent sensor
- 4545
- Sensoreingangsensor input
- 88th
- Magnetsystemmagnet system
- 9191
- Ladespannung uLade = uC - uL2 Charging voltage uLade = uC - uL 2
- 9292
- Magnetisierstrom iL1 Magnetizing current iL 1
- 9393
- Strom iL2 Current iL 2
- 9494
- Diodenspannung uDDiode voltage uD
Claims (21)
dem Magnetsystem (8) eine Magnetisierspule (22) zugeordnet wird und
die Magnetisierspule mit einem Strompuls mit begrenzter Pulsdauer beaufschlagt wird, wodurch ein mit dem Magnetsystem (8) wechselwirkendes Magnetfeld (B) aufgebaut wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pulsdauer des Strompulses auf einen Wert zwischen 10 µs und 500 µs und vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µs und 200 µs begrenzt wird.Method for magnetizing a magnet system (8), wherein
the magnet system (8) is associated with a Magnetisierspule (22) and
the magnetizing coil is subjected to a current pulse having a limited pulse duration, whereby a magnetic field (B) interacting with the magnet system (8) is built up,
characterized in that the pulse duration of the current pulse is limited to a value between 10 μs and 500 μs and preferably between 10 μs and 200 μs.
dem Magnetsystem (8) mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen (22) zugeordnet werden,
die mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen (22) derart gegenseitig angeordnet werden, dass sich ihre Magnetfelder (B) verstärkend überlagern, und
die Magnetfelder (B) der mindestens zwei Magnetisierspulen (22) gleichzeitig aufgebaut werden.The method of claim 1, wherein
at least two magnetizing coils (22) are assigned to the magnet system (8),
the at least two magnetizing coils (22) are mutually arranged in such a way that their magnetic fields (B) are superimposed in reinforcing manner, and
the magnetic fields (B) of the at least two magnetizing coils (22) are constructed simultaneously.
eine Pulsgeneratorschaltung (2) mit
einem Kondensatorelement (21),
einer mit dem Kondensatorelement (21) elektrisch verbundenen Magnetisierspule (22) und
einem Schaltelement (23), durch dessen Betätigung die Magnetisierspule (22) mit einem durch Entladung des Kondensatorelements (21) entstehenden Strompuls mit begrenzter Pulsdauer beaufschlagbar und somit der Aufbau eines Magnetfeldes (B) auslösbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pulsgeneratorschaltung (2) derart aufgebaut ist, dass die Pulsdauer des Strompulses auf einen Wert zwischen 10 µs und 500 µs und vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µs und 200 µs begrenzt ist.Device (1) for magnetizing a magnet system (8), comprising
a pulse generator circuit (2) with
a capacitor element (21),
a magnetizing coil (22) electrically connected to the capacitor element (21) and
a switching element (23), by the actuation of which the magnetizing coil (22) can be acted upon by a current pulse with a limited pulse duration resulting from the discharge of the capacitor element (21) and thus the structure of a magnetic field (B) can be triggered,
characterized in that the pulse generator circuit (2) is constructed such that the pulse duration of the current pulse is limited to a value between 10 microseconds and 500 microseconds and preferably between 10 microseconds and 200 microseconds.
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US6896826B2 (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 2005-05-24 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Aqueous cleaning composition containing copper-specific corrosion inhibitor for cleaning inorganic residues on semiconductor substrate |
TWI227502B (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-02-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Precise multi-pole magnetic components and manufacturing method thereof |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20050195058A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
EP1513168B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
EP1513168A3 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
US7324320B2 (en) | 2008-01-29 |
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