EP1511247A2 - Contrôle d'adaptation de liens et d'ordonnancement des paquets dans un système radio - Google Patents

Contrôle d'adaptation de liens et d'ordonnancement des paquets dans un système radio Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1511247A2
EP1511247A2 EP04103989A EP04103989A EP1511247A2 EP 1511247 A2 EP1511247 A2 EP 1511247A2 EP 04103989 A EP04103989 A EP 04103989A EP 04103989 A EP04103989 A EP 04103989A EP 1511247 A2 EP1511247 A2 EP 1511247A2
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Prior art keywords
channel
base station
link adaptation
information
feedback information
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EP04103989A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Frank Frederiksen
Troels Emil Kolding
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Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Nokia Oyj
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
    • H04W52/286—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission during data packet transmission, e.g. high speed packet access [HSPA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0033—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the transmitter
    • H04L1/0035—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the transmitter evaluation of received explicit signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0072—Error control for data other than payload data, e.g. control data
    • H04L1/0073—Special arrangements for feedback channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1671—Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted together with control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/21—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network

Definitions

  • the invention relates to HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) radio systems. More precisely, it relates to controlling link adaptation and packet scheduling in an HSDPA radio system.
  • HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
  • HSDPA High speed downlink packet access
  • H-ARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the layer one scheduling consists of two essential parts: a link adaptation and a packet scheduling.
  • the link adaptation in HSDPA is the ability to adapt the modulation scheme, the number of multicodes and forward error correction coding according to the quality of the radio link.
  • the link adaptation determines the data rate to be used for the given channel conditions and the packet scheduling determines when a user is active on the HS-DSCH (High Speed - Downlink Shared Channel). Scheduling of the transmission of data packets over the air interface is performed in Node B (Base Transceiver station, BTS).
  • BTS Base Transceiver station
  • the H-ARQ feature provides means to retransmit a packet if it is received erroneously.
  • the request for retransmission of the data packets is processed in the base station.
  • HS-DPCCH High Speed - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • this channel carries signalling to acknowledge whether a previously received packet has been detected correctly or not (H-ARQ ACK (positive acknowledgement)/NACK (negative acknowledgement) information).
  • H-ARQ information is used by the Node B to determine if a packet is to be retransmitted
  • the CQI is used by the link adaptation to determine the modulation and coding schemes as well as the number of multicodes to be used for transmissions towards the user in question.
  • the CQI measurements and the operation of the link adaptation mechanism can also be used to aid the decision making of the packet scheduler to improve utilization of the network resources.
  • the link adaptation mechanism can also be improved by employing measurements of the power used for the associated downlink DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel) controlled by power control commands sent on from the user equipment to the Node B.
  • DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel
  • the power control will operate relative to more than one Node B, and consequently this measure cannot be used to estimate the channel conditions.
  • the HSDPA concept allows the repetition of the CQI and ACK/NACK information.
  • this causes extra delays in the link adaptation cycle, which again leads to a significantly decreased link and system performance in most cases.
  • a code word is estimated and assuming there are no delays in the Node B, a decision for transmission is taken for this user equipment. For example, if a repetition factor 3 is used for the HS-DPCCH and a 'zero-delay' assumption for the Node B processing, then the CQI value can be utilized after 12 slots, corresponding to 8 milliseconds.
  • the problem with this is that the CQI information gets 'older' with i n-creased delays, and therefore contains less information about the current channel conditions. This is particularly a problem in the case of soft handover where the Node B can only rely on the CQI reports since the power measurements from the associated downlink DPCH will not give the information on the link quality between the Node B in charge of the HSDPA link and the user equipment. Thus, there is a need for an improved link adaptation performance in the Node B.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved method of controlling link adaptation and packet scheduling in an HSDPA radio system and an improved base station.
  • a method of controlling link adaptation and packet scheduling in an HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) radio system comprising providing feedback information from user equipment to a base station over a control channel.
  • the method comprises calculating a quality estimate related to the feedback information by the base station; and executing link adaptation and packet scheduling based on the calculated quality estimate by the base station.
  • an HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
  • the base station communicating over a control channel with one or more user equipment units, the base station comprising means for receiving feedback information from the user equipment.
  • the base station further comprises means for calculating a quality estimate related to the feedback information and executing link adaptation and packet scheduling based on the calculated quality estimate.
  • the CQI estimate accuracy is improved.
  • the link adaptation delay is reduced and the throughput performance is improved because the packet scheduling and link adaptation can decide to accept a quality value even before all possible repetitions have been received.
  • the link adaptation robustness and thus, link and system performance are improved.
  • a radio system in Figure 1 known at least as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000) represents the third-generation radio systems.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
  • the embodiments are, however, not restricted to these systems described by way of example, but a person skilled in the art can also apply the instructions to other radio systems containing corresponding characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified block diagram, which shows the most important parts of a radio system and the interfaces between them at network-element level. The structure and functions of the network elements are not described in detail, because they are generally known.
  • the main parts of a radio system are a core network (CN) 100, a radio access network 130 and user equipment (UE) 170.
  • the term UTRAN is short for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, i.e. the radio access network 130 belongs to the third generation and is implemented by wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) technology.
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • Figure 1 also shows a base station system 160 which belongs to the 2/2.5 generation and is implemented by time division multiple access (TDMA) technology, but it is not further described here.
  • the radio system can also be defined to comprise user equipment, which is also known as a subscriber terminal and mobile phone, for instance, and a network part, which comprises the fixed infrastructure of the radio system, i.e. the core network, radio access network and base station system.
  • user equipment which is also known as a subscriber terminal and mobile phone, for instance
  • network part which comprises the fixed infrastructure of the radio system, i.e. the core network, radio access network and base station system.
  • the structure of the core network 100 corresponds to a combined structure of the GSM and GPRS systems.
  • the GSM network elements are responsible for establishing circuit-switched connections, and the GPRS network elements are responsible for establishing packet-switched connections, some of the network elements are, however, in both systems.
  • the base station system 160 comprises a base station controller (BSC) 166 and base transceiver stations (BTS) 162, 164.
  • BSC base station controller
  • BTS base transceiver stations
  • the base station controller 166 controls the base transceiver station 162, 164.
  • the aim is that the devices implementing the radio path and their functions reside in the base transceiver station 162, 164, and control devices reside in the base station controller 166.
  • the base station controller 166 takes care of the following tasks, for instance: radio resource management of the base transceiver station 162, 164, intercell handovers, frequency control, i.e. frequency allocation to the base transceiver stations 162, 164, management of frequency hopping sequences, time delay measurement on the uplink, implementation of the operation and maintenance interface, and power control.
  • the base transceiver station 162, 164 contains at least one transceiver, which provides one carrier, i.e. eight time slots, i.e. eight physical channels. Typically, one base transceiver station 162, 164 serves one cell, but it is also possible to have a solution in which one base transceiver station 162, 164 serves several sectored cells. The diameter of a cell can vary from a few meters to tens of kilometres.
  • the base transceiver station 162, 164 also comprises a transcoder, which converts the speech-coding format used in the radio system to that used in the public switched telephone network and vice versa. In practice, the transcoder is, however, physically located in the mobile services switching center 102.
  • the tasks of the base transceiver station 162, 164 include: calculation of timing advance (TA), uplink measurements, channel coding, encryption, decryption, and frequency hopping.
  • TA timing advance
  • the radio access network 130 is made up of radio network subsystems 140, 150.
  • Each radio network subsystem 140, 150 is made up of radio network controllers 146, 156 and B nodes 142, 144, 152, 154.
  • a B node is a rather abstract concept, and often the term base transceiver station is used instead of it.
  • the radio network controller 140, 150 corresponds approximately to the base station controller 166 of the GSM system
  • the B node 142, 144, 152, 154 corresponds approximately to the base transceiver station 162, 164 of the GSM system. Solutions also exist in which the same device is both the base transceiver station and the B node, i.e. said device is capable of implementing both the TDMA and WCDMA radio interface simultaneously.
  • the user equipment 170 may comprise mobile equipment (ME) 172 and UMTS subscriber identity module (USIM) 174.
  • USIM 174 contains information related to the user and information related to information security in particular, for instance, an encryption algorithm.
  • the user equipment 170 can be simultaneously connected with a plurality of base transceiver stations (Node B) in occurrence of soft handover.
  • Node B base transceiver stations
  • the most important interfaces between network elements are the lu interface between the core network and the radio access network, which is divided into the interface luCS on the circuit-switched side and the interface luPS on the packet-switched side, and the Uu interface between the radio access network and the user equipment.
  • the most important interfaces are the A interface between the base station controller and the mobile services switching center, the Gb interface between the base station controller and the serving GPRS support node, and the Um interface between the base transceiver station and the user equipment.
  • the interface defines what kind of messages different network elements can use in communicating with each other. The aim is to provide a radio system in which the network elements of different manufacturers interwork so well as to provide an effective radio system. In practice, some of the interfaces are, however, vendor-dependent.
  • the HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
  • the HS-DPCCH High Speed - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
  • the HS-DPCCH carries the necessary control information in the uplink, that is, ARQ acknowledgements (both positive and negative) and downlink quality feedback information.
  • the HS-DPCCH channel may carry H-ARQ information (ACK/NACK) and channel quality indicator (CQI) information bits.
  • the HS-DPCCH channel mapping and coding of these information parts are described in 3 rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD) (Release 5) 3GPP TS 25.212 v5.3.0 (2002-12), which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified outline of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station 170 may comprise the following elements: a running CQI reliability estimator 202, a link adaptation and packet scheduler unit 204, a weighting unit 206, a CQI soft combining buffer 208, a H-ARQ manager 210 and a unit for other channel quality measurements 212.
  • an HSDPA base station 170 communicates over a control channel 200 with one or more user equipment units and comprises means for receiving feedback information from the user equipment.
  • the control channel 200 may be an HS-DPCCH (High Speed - Dedicated Physical Control Channel) channel or a DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) channel, for example.
  • HS-DPCCH High Speed - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
  • DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
  • the HS-DPCCH channel 200 may be monitored in a Running CQI reliability estimator 202. By monitoring the HS-DPCCH, the reliability of the information sent on this channel may be extracted. A link adaptation and packet scheduler unit 204 is informed about the reliability. The reliability results may then be used in scheduling and transmission decisions to improve the link and system performance. Similar improvements may also be made towards a H-ARQ manager 210, which detects the ACK/NACK information.
  • the base station 170 comprises means for calculating a quality estimate related to the feedback information and executing link adaptation and packet scheduling based on the calculated quality estimate.
  • the feedback information may comprise H-ARQ information bits and/or channel quality indicator information bits.
  • the means for calculating the quality estimate may calculate estimates of the H-ARQ information by averaging the received H-ARQ information bits. It is possible that the means for calculating the quality estimate are configured to calculate estimates of the channel quality indicator information by calculating a set of legal code words corresponding to different channel quality values, and using the difference between the received channel quality indicator information and the set of legal code words to calculate the channel quality estimate.
  • the base station 170 further comprises means 212 for measuring a second piece of feedback information from associated DPCH channel and means 206 for weighting a use of the channel quality indicator compared to the second piece of feedback information from the associated DPCH channel. It is also feasible to repeat the sending of the feedback information until the calculated quality estimate shows high reliability.
  • an uplink channel quality estimator as well as a filtering function for reducing the delay and improving the accuracy of the CQI estimates, which are transmitted to the link adaptation and packet scheduling unit 204 of the base station 170, are introduced.
  • a decision metric for the estimation of the CQI value transmitted by the user equipment may be calculated.
  • the decision metric may be used as a quality indicator for both the H-ARQ information and the CQI information.
  • the link adaptation can decide whether to use the CQI information in the allocation of the base station 170 for the associated user equipment.
  • the quality estimate may be used for the evaluation of the H-ARQ information.
  • the quality estimate is used in a situation where repetition of the CQI information is enabled.
  • the packet scheduling and link adaptation unit 204 may decide to accept a CQI value even before all repetitions have been received, thus reducing the link adaptation delay and improving the throughput performance.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the format of the HS-DPCCH channel 300 and the corresponding power offsets.
  • the H-ARQ information is transmitted during the first slot 302 of the HS-DPCCH channel 300.
  • the CQI information is transmitted during the last two slots 304.
  • a set of power offsets is defined for the HS-DPCCH to ensure a well-defined performance for the two signalled parameters.
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the method of controlling link adaptation and packet scheduling in an HSDPA radio system.
  • the link adaptation bases its adaptive modulation and coding on the CQI reports alone.
  • the reason for this is that the indirect power measurements based on the power control commands for the associated downlink DCH will operate towards more than one base station and therefore it does not contain information on the quality of the single link between the HSDPA responsible base station and the user equipment. If it is necessary to wait for all the repetitions to complete, a significant AMC delay will arise, which will reduce the mobility support in HSDPA for the soft handover users.
  • the first CQI transmission shows a high reliability
  • the following repetitions may be forgotten (although these are still transmitted by the user equipment). This speeds up the link adaptation delay cycle, which can have a significant impact on the HSDPA performance even at moderate user equipment speeds.
  • scheduling may be performed when the CQI reports are reliable in order to prevent erroneous link adaptation.
  • the method of controlling link adaptation and packet scheduling starts in 400 in Figure 4.
  • the feedback information such as CQI and ACK/NACK information
  • the quality estimate may be a CQI estimate, for example.
  • Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the method of controlling link adaptation and packet scheduling in an HSDPA radio system.
  • the CQI reliability estimate may be used to evaluate whether it makes sense to schedule to a particular user at a given time. Also, adding some filtering over time is possible in such a way that if the CQI report has been very stable over a longer time, then it may assumed that the channel quality is the same as for the previous reports.
  • the method of Figure 5 starts in 500.
  • the feedback information packet such as CQI and ACK/NACK information
  • the method may proceed as follows: after the next feedback information packet is received, the two received packets are combined to provide a combining gain.
  • the quality estimate is calculated using all of the received feedback information packets at the time. Thus, once a feedback information packet has been received, information from all of the previously received packets is included. If enough repetitions are used, then the combined information packet will converge into the transmitted information.
  • the link adaptation and the packet scheduling may be executed even before all the repetitions have been received.
  • the link adaptation and packet scheduler unit makes the decision to execute the link adaptation and packet scheduling based on the quality estimate.
  • the quality estimate can be used to improve the measurements used by the packet scheduling and link adaptation unit but they operate independently of the measurements itself.
  • the instantaneous channel quality of the user equipment may be determined.
  • measurements on the associated DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel) channel may be used.
  • the CQI channel quality estimate may be used to weight the use of the CQI compared to other measurements.
  • the CQI may in this case be used in an outer loop algorithm and weighting the impact of the CQI by its reliability may be useful.
  • the quality estimate may be used for outer loop compensation, and thus reduce the delay of the first transmission if the scheduled repetitions have high reliability.
  • the coding of the H-ARQ information is a simple repetition coding, since this information is represented by either a NACK (logical 0) or an ACK (logical 1).
  • the reason for this simple repetition coding is that it is not possible to add any forward error correction coding to improve performance since the signalling information is only binary.
  • the coding for the CQI information is based on a (20,5) block coder. This coder maps a five-bit word representing the CQI into a 20-bit code word calculated using the following equation 1: where the a n numbers represent the 5 bits for the CQI values, which in total covers the range from 0 to 30.
  • a 0 represents the LSB (least significant bit), and a 4 represents the MSB (most significant bit) for the CQI value.
  • M i,n are given in the reference 3GPP TS 25.212 v5.3.0 (2002-12), which contains the values 1 and 0.
  • the value of b i represents the output data, and i represents the index in the output stream.
  • the sequence of bits to be transmitted is mapped such that a logical 0 will be transmitted with the value +1, while a logical 1 will be transmitted with the value -1.
  • a set of legal code words corresponding to the 31 different CQI values may be calculated.
  • the distance and CQI value estimates are given by the following equations 2 and 3: From the coupling between the metric and the corresponding error probability, it is seen that whenever the metric is less than 10, there is a very high probability that the CQI value is detected correctly. This metric may then be used as a quality estimator for the application of the CQI values in the base station.
  • the link adaptation module should only utilize the CQI information whenever the distance metric is less than 14.
  • the link adaptation module should only utilize the CQI information whenever the distance metric is less than 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP04103989A 2003-08-26 2004-08-20 Contrôle d'adaptation de liens et d'ordonnancement des paquets dans un système radio Withdrawn EP1511247A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FI20031200 2003-08-26
FI20031200A FI20031200A0 (fi) 2003-08-26 2003-08-26 Menetelmä ja tukiasema siirtoyhteyden sovituksen ja pakettiajoituksen ohjaamiseksi HSDPA-radiojärjestelmässä

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