EP1510275A2 - Central drive machine tool and clamping device for such a machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The actuator device (57-62) for the chuck segments (56) extends in its axial direction between the two bearings (36) for mounting a sleeve (50) around the segments (56) in the clamping head (30), or it can be located in the region of these bearings. The rotatably mounted chuck has a first set of chuck segments which are operated by an automatic actuator device with at least one spring for fixing the segments against the workpiece (7). The sleeve is rotatably mounted in the clamping head via two spaced apart bearings. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) Central drive machine tool for machining both ends of a workpiece; and (b) Arrangement of adjacent machine tools for machining vertical workpieces, the machine tools preferably comprising the above central drive machine tools. The central drive machine tool has a central drive for a workpiece clamping and drive device containing an actuator device for automatically clamping and releasing the workpiece. The central drive is formed by a single drive with a vertical rotation axis. The machine tool arrangement includes a manipulator located between two machine tools and used to transfer a workpiece from a first machining zone in a first machine to a second machining zone in a second machine. The manipulator is provided on a sliding unit movable between the two machines.

Description

The invention relates to a center drive machine and a tensioning device, in particular for a center drive machine.

DE 32 47 586 C2 describes a horizontal lathe for Beidendenbearbeitung with an open and driven clamping head. The clamping head is on Outside perimeter supported by a radial and thrust bearing and laterally next to the Bearings is a rotating sprocket arranged to drive by means of a belt. On the horizontal lathe is both ends of a clamped workpiece each associated with a tool unit for processing the ends. For loading and Unloading the blank and the finished workpiece is a loading and unloading Unloading device deliverable. The clamping of the workpiece is done by inclined Disc fins bent by clamps. The bending of the slats takes place via the plate lamellae comprising screw threaded sleeves, by axial deliverable actuators are rotatable. The controls must be delivered axially as separate elements.

DE 38 26 985 C1 and DE 36 20 231 C1 each disclose a Horizontal turning machine with a center drive for the two-end machining of a Workpiece. The workpiece is rotatably mounted in two vice carriers, wherein at least one of the vice carrier is driven. Short workpieces can be used with the adjacent vise beams are not processed at both ends become.

The chuck head of DE 41 05 688 C2 is rotatable for mounting in one driven housing provided. Inside the chuck head is a double Spannsegmentsatz provided which can be actuated via an actuator. The Clamping or clamping of a workpiece is done by the bias of two Disc springs after the actuator is released. By pressing the Actuator, the disc springs are compressed and two by the Squeezing displaceable clamping parts release the clamping jaw segments, so that the workpiece can be removed. To actuate the actuator is outside of the chuck head, a plate with bolts arranged, the bolts act on the actuators and the plate itself by an outside of the Chuck arranged hydraulic device is tilted.

Also, the clamping head of GB 21 51 166 A is rotatably mounted and allows a Machining a workpiece at both ends. Again, a double Operated clamping set by means of an externally applied actuator, wherein the clamping segments of both sets are connected together and axially upon actuation be moved.

It is an object of the invention to provide a chuck head for clamping one machining workpiece, allowing for a simple Workpiece change has a low height. It is another job of Invention, a center drive machine for double-sided end machining of a Provide workpiece that requires a small footprint. Furthermore is It is an object of the invention to provide an arrangement of vertical processing machines provide flexible workpiece transport.

In a chuck head according to claim 1 is a main sleeve or main spindle rotatably mounted on two axially spaced bearings, so that a high ensures radial stability of the clamping head during the machining of a workpiece is. Furthermore, an actuating device for actuating at least one Chucking set of a chuck between the two bearings or in the area the two bearings arranged, i. at least the main elements of Actuating device. The actuator is about the axial height the clamping head installed, so in height of the necessary for storage axial dimension arranged laterally to the axis of rotation. To automatically open (or close) the Chucks it is therefore not necessary to insert elements of the operating mechanism axial extension of the chuck head or to open a separate To provide actuating device laterally of the chuck head in the axial direction. The chuck head according to the invention thus allows a low axial height full automation of a workpiece change. Especially if only one Spannsegmentsatz is provided, a two-way editing is very short Workpieces possible.

The chuck can be freely rotatably mounted or driven by a drive be, for example by a main sleeve driving motor. When used in the below described center drive machine is the chuck by means of a Drive unit driven.

Very particularly advantageous, the chuck for clamping one machined workpiece on two separate sets of clamping segments, each the circumference of the workpiece at spaced circumferential regions terminals. By clamping in two axially spaced apart Peripheral areas sets the chuck during machining of the workpiece one radial deflection against a high moment of leverage, so that a particularly precise Machining under high radial forces on the workpiece is made possible. The two clamping segment sets are shared by the actuator to Opening and / or to operate the clamping of the workpiece. Even with double Tension segment set, the axial height is minimal, so that the end machining over a wide end region is made possible.

Advantageously, the at least one spring element acts between or substantially between the two sets of span segments, i. the spring force in one direction acts almost completely on the first clamping segment set and the spring force in the other direction (counterforce) works almost completely on the second set Clamping segments. This allows asynchronous closing and opening of the Clamping segments, so that the workpiece on the first peripheral area another Diameter may have as the second peripheral region (for example, light conical workpiece).

When using a plate spring as a spring element very high spring forces are at Provided comparatively small, axial length of the spring element. Farther allows the plate spring a circumferentially evenly distributed spring force, the acts on all clamping segments of a sentence, so that a one - sided action of the Spring force and thus tilting when closing or opening the clamping segments is avoided. Advantageously, both clamping segment sets in a main sleeve arranged, wherein the main sleeve is rotatably mounted on the clamping head and so the Align clamping segments mechanically stable.

In one embodiment, the spring element is arranged outside the main sleeve, so that the tube diameter can be kept low, for a total of one compactly constructed chuck head, which is preferably for processing of Workpieces with a small diameter is used. Here then acts Driving element of the actuating device on the clamping segments, wherein the at least one driver element engages through the main sleeve. Is in contrast in one another embodiment, the at least one spring element within the main sleeve arranged, so no levers or drivers are required, which are between the spring and the clamping segments act. This arrangement, wherein the sleeve diameter in Compared to the external structure of the spring requires a larger diameter comes Preferably used for workpieces with a larger diameter. at External spring element acts an actuator of the actuator directly the spring element or internal spring element of the actuator acts on at least one main sleeve through the driver on the spring element.

The actuator is advantageous with a housing of the chuck head or a Attachment point of the chuck head connected, so that the actuator itself no Performs rotational movement and the force to tighten or stretch the spring is not over a rotary joint must be transferred. The acting on the spring element and stationary actuator may advantageously comprise brake elements which are on the spring element or act a connecting element between the actuator and the spring element, so that after switching off the drive, the rotation of the main sleeve with the workpiece through Actuator is slowed down and the workpiece removal faster can be done. Alternatively or in addition to braking by means of the actuator can also a locking of the sleeve in a predetermined position, so that a specified rotational position reference between workpiece to be machined and chuck can be produced.

Is on one side, preferably on both sides of the chuck, a replaceable Spannsegmentsatz provided, so can be different, interchangeable Clamping segment sets depending on the diameter of the workpiece with different clamping diameter ranges are used. This can be one Chuck head cost-effective to different diameter ranges of Adjust machining workpieces.

At least one side of the main sleeve is particularly advantageous by means of an axial Extendable and in this essay a new or the previously removed Spannsegmentsatz used, so that longer workpieces in providing a larger axial lever by clamping on both peripheral surfaces precisely are editable. By replacing fewer elements, the chuck head is flexible in size Dependence of the dimension of the workpiece and the machining requirement to convert inexpensively.

The center drive machine according to claim 10 comprises a machine frame and a mounted on center drive. The center drive includes a Clamping device, such as a chuck for clamping one to machined workpiece, and the clamping device is rotatable and drivable stored. The center drive is designed as a single head, with which the processed Workpiece is freely tensioned and driven. It is not another, separate Clamping device required to store the workpiece and the drive of the Workpiece can only be done by the single head. By a Actuator of the center drive, the workpieces are automatically clamped or released, so that the center drive machine in an automated Process can be used. It is thus no manual release or terminals of the Workpiece necessary. It can also be clamped very short workpieces and be machined on both sides rotating, since the axial extent of the single head low and no further supporting or driving point for the workpiece is required. The axis of rotation of the center drive is vertically aligned, so that the largest Dimension of the center drive machine extends in height and so in a workshop only a reduced footprint is required. In the vertical orientation is a Contamination of tools and aggregates by residues (swarf and chips) Coolant) significantly reduced.

In a rigid storage of the center drive on the machine frame accounts movable storage or guide, so that due to the vibration-inhibiting Connection a particularly precise machining of the workpiece is possible. is In contrast, the center drive in the direction of the rotation or machining axis of the Movable workpiece, so for example, the center drive via one of Be moved axis of rotation delivered and taken at one end workpiece, to clamp this preferably centrally. Conversely, the center drive after the release of the workpiece to be moved away. It is not necessary that in an automatic feed the workpiece in the axial direction of the Center drive supplied or removed from this, so that, for example an axial displacement unit for a handling device (see below) save leaves. Or with particularly long workpieces, the feed or the removal path of the workpiece from or to the center drive between an axially movable Handling device and the travel of the center drive split, so that each of the displacement paths of both institutions can be kept short. The same applies to machining tools or support tools that through the Movability of the center drive not or only be moved to a limited extent have to.

To stabilize the ends of a long workpiece against imbalance are at least one of the ends of a sleeve or mandrel deliverable or movable Center drive is the end of the workpiece to quill or the mandrel moved. Advantageously, at least one quill or a mandrel is perpendicular or oblique to Rotary axis of the axis of rotation can be moved out and / or swung out, so that in particular for the removal of a long workpiece, the way of removal or the supply path for the workpiece to the center drive is free.

The center drive machine includes two sleeves, two mandrels or a mandrel and a sleeve, so the workpiece can be clamped end and held while the center drive device releases the workpiece. By method of movable center drive or the two end-holding devices, the Center drive a Umgreifaktion perform on the workpiece, so this on a staggered circumferential area is stretched and, for example, previously clamped Area is further processed on the peripheral surface. In principle, therefore, with only a center drive machine a comprehensive surface or Inner surface machining on the workpiece possible. Instead of the end holder is also a handling device for temporarily holding the workpiece during of encompassing usable.

Most preferably, the center drive machine has at least one Tool unit, which both the first and the second end of clamped workpiece is deliverable. By the use of the single head is the necessary for bypassing the single head travel for the tool unit low, so that cost only a tool unit or a Special tool unit can be provided. Regardless of the both ends machining tool unit can be provided further tool units, each working the upper or the lower end of the workpiece work sharing. With a tool unit is, for example, an end of a workpiece on the circumference, on the End face and / or machinable inside the workpiece.

Advantageously, at least one of the tool units has a rotatably mounted Tool turret for holding multiple tools includes. Furthermore, one can the tool turret has a gripping device for gripping the workpiece. It is advantageous at least one of the tool units on a in Rotation axis direction and perpendicular to the rotation axis direction movable To arrange displacement unit.

In conjunction with the movable center unit, it is at least possible a tool unit in rotation axis direction can be fixed in position and for example only performs a movement perpendicular to the axis of rotation, while the feed in the rotation axis direction by moving the center drive. So can on one end saves a linear drive for the tool unit in the axial direction become. While machining the one end with the axially fixed Tool unit can compensate for the movement of the center drive, axially movable tool unit to work the other end of the workpiece.

Advantageously, the feeding or removal of the workpiece from the center drive by means of a handling device which has a gripper. As mentioned above, the handling device can be moved in the rotation axis direction to the Workpiece, for example, in the rigidly connected to the machine frame Remove center drive. Or the handling device may be off Cost reasons be set in the axial direction, so that the movable Center drive after gripping the workpiece by the handling device on the Workpiece is moved away until it is released for the handling device is. The handling device needs in this case, for example, only one Swivel or rotary movement for feeding or removal of the workpiece from or to the rotation axis. Advantageously, the handling device in a the tool units, for example a rotatably mounted tool turret, be integrated, so that a common linear drive in rotation axis direction and / or a common drive with a vertical component to Rotation axis is sufficient for both.

Advantageously, the machined workpiece by means of a handling device to transferred to another processing machine. The handling device can the transfer processed workpiece there into a workpiece holder for processing or passed to another handling device of the other processing machine or to a workpiece output and / or to a workpiece inspection station. Advantageous the center drive machine associated with two handling devices, wherein a first feeds the unprocessed workpiece and a second that processed Discharges workpiece.

The arrangement of juxtaposed vertical processing machines after Claim 18 comprises an arranged between the processing machines Handling device for transporting a workpiece between the two Processing machines. The handling device is on one between the Processing machines arranged movable displacement unit. The Displacement unit is movable at least in the horizontal direction and allows the Bridging of large distances between the processing areas of the Processing machines. Position - related distance deviations between the Processing machines are by adjusting the travel of the displacement unit easily customizable. Preferably, the handling device has a horizontal pivotable gripper arm, which in an advantageous development, a rotation of the Workpiece allows the gripper arm axis. It is advantageous for feeding the Workpiece to the first processing machine and / or to remove the workpiece from the last processing machine in each case an upstream and / or Downstream handling device with horizontal displacement unit intended.

In an embodiment, with a second handling device, a workpiece for supplied to the first processing machine and / or with a third Handling device a workpiece from the second processing machine be removed. Advantageously, the second and / or third Handling device on an at least horizontally movable displacement unit arranged.

Hereinafter, a chuck head will be described in detail, the fluid supply having a fluid in at least one chuck segment of a chuck is fed, where it from an inner surface of the chuck segment in an opening a workpiece can flow. This can, for example, residues in one Rinse the opening of the workpiece.

Fig. 1A-1D

Seitenansichten einer Mittenantriebsmaschine in schematisch dargestellten, verschiedenen Abschnitten eines Arbeitszyklus,

Fig. 2

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Spannkopfes mit Doppelfutter,

Fig. 3A-3C

verschiedene Ansichten einer Druckhülse des Spannkopfes von Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine Spindelwelle des Spannkopfes von Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

ein Schiebesegment des Spannkopfes von Fig. 2,

Fig. 6

den Spannkopf von Fig. 2 mit einem axialen Verlängerungsanbau,

Fig. 7

eine Frontansicht der Mittenantriebsmaschine von Fig. 1,

Fig. 8

eine Draufsicht auf eine Bearbeitungsstraße mit der Mittenantriebsmaschine,

Fig. 9

eine Querschnittsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Spannkopfes mit Einfachspannfutter,

Fig. 10

verschiedene Ansichten einer Hauptspindel des Spannfutterkopfes von Fig. 9 und

Fig. 11

verschiedene Ansichten einer Innenhülse des Spannfutterkopfes von Fig. 9.

With reference to drawings, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1A-1D

Side views of a center drive machine in schematically illustrated, different sections of a working cycle,

Fig. 2

a cross-sectional view of a clamping head with double chuck,

Figs. 3A-3C

different views of a pressure sleeve of the clamping head of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

a spindle shaft of the clamping head of Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

a sliding segment of the clamping head of Fig. 2,

Fig. 6

the clamping head of Fig. 2 with an axial extension mounting,

Fig. 7

1 is a front view of the center drive machine of FIG. 1,

Fig. 8

a plan view of a processing line with the center drive machine,

Fig. 9

a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a clamping head with single chuck,

Fig. 10

various views of a main spindle of the chuck head of Fig. 9 and

Fig. 11

various views of an inner sleeve of the chuck head of Fig. 9.

Figs. 1A-1D show side views of a vertical center drive machine 1. The The concept of the center drive machine described below is also readily apparent for a horizontal center drive machine with horizontal axis of rotation of the workpiece 7 applicable, but the footprint of the machine is increased.

The machine bed of the machine main body 2 of the center drive machine 1 in FIG. 1 builds vertically so that a tool maintenance from the front (from the right as in Fig. 1) is possible, even if several processing machines laterally strung together. The machine main body 2 preferably comprises a Mineral casting core, the vibrations from the factory floor to the machining area and reversed optimally dampens. A central unit 3 for clamping on both sides a workpiece 7 is mounted on a console 4. The console 4 in turn stores linearly movable on a linear guide 5. By means of a drive 6, the console is 4th moved vertically along the linear guide 5, so that the vertical position of Average aggregate 3 is changeable. In an alternative, not shown here Execution, the central unit 3 is rigidly coupled to the machine body, so that vibrations during a high-precision machining even further reduced are.

The central unit 3 comprises a clamping head 30 for clamping the workpiece 7, a drive 31 for driving the workpiece 7 and an angle flange 32, which Drive 31 connects to the clamping head 30. In further, not shown here Design of the drive for the clamping head and the machine body 2 be stored and a gear (with, for example, a spindle) with the Be connected to the clamping head 30.

FIG. 1B schematically shows a first tool unit 8 with a tool turret 9 and a second tool unit 10 with a tool turret 11 shown. The Directional tripod in Fig. 1B indicates the directions to which reference is made below is taken. The Z direction is the vertical axis, the X direction horizontal frontal to the center drive machine 1 (horizontally and in the drawing plane) and the Y-direction is horizontal and in the lateral direction to Center drive machine 1 (horizontal and perpendicular to the drawing plane). The first Tool unit 8 is in the Y direction laterally behind the center plane of the central unit 3 offset and performs by means of a displacement unit from a Y and Z movement. The second tool unit 10 is in the Y direction to the plane (center plane of the Middle aggregate) forward and also performs a Y, Z movement means a shift unit. In an alternative embodiment, the first and / or second tool unit 8, 10 fixed immovably in the Z direction, in which case by Z-displacement of the central aggregate 3 relative to the first and / or second Tool unit 8, 10, the movement for the axial machining of the workpiece. 7 is performed.

In another, not shown here embodiment is a tool unit for Two-way editing provided. This single aggregate can also have one Tool turret include and rigid in the Z direction on the machine body. 2 fixed or preferably be moved. The Z movement will then either by moving the movable aggregate 3 or the individual unit executed. The relative travel distance is dimensioned such that with the Single unit both the upper and the lower end of the workpiece 7 editable are. Since in particular in the Y direction, the dimension of the central unit 3 is very low is, the single unit can by low return in the Y direction the Dodge the central unit 3 so that either the central unit 3 on the single unit drives past or the individual unit passes the center unit. One Tool turret of the single unit additionally comprises overhead tools, which allow editing from the bottom up while the other tools to work from top to bottom.

The first and second tool unit 10, 11 and the individual unit, insofar as in the Z direction movable, store on a sledge, which is on a not shown Guide parallel to the guide 5 is movable. This can be the tool units and / or the individual unit arranged on a left or right to the guide 5, common leadership or lying on two left and right of the leadership 5 Store guides.

Fig. 1C illustrates a first and second sleeve 12, 13, which on the axis of the workpiece 7 and are preferably movable in the Z direction. The advantages are the Quills 12, 13 mounted on the linear guide 5 of the central unit 3. In further, not illustrated embodiment may instead of one or both sleeves a mandrel for holding be provided of the end of the workpiece 7. Especially with the circumferential processing long workpieces are the free ends of the workpiece on one or both sides supported by the sleeves 12, 13, so that imbalances avoided during processing become. Again, in an embodiment, the central unit 3 in the Z direction be set, then both sleeves 12, 13 are deliverable in the Z direction. Or a quill 12 or 13 is set in the Z direction and the central unit 3 with the Workpiece 7 are delivered to the specified quill and the opposite movable quill is delivered to the other end of the workpiece.

1D shows the machine 1 in a position in which particularly long workpieces 7 be led out by lowering the central unit 3 from this. By a not shown handling device in this case, the workpiece 7 by means a gripper taken so that after loosening the clamping head 30 and lowering the Center unit, the workpiece 7 is free and only from the handling device is held. In the position shown in Fig. 1C, the Handling device the workpiece 7 by pivoting or retracting remove the machining area or load the workpiece 7 in the Drive machining axis.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the clamping head 30. In the angle flange 32 is a Gear 34 rotatably mounted, which is driven by a motor pinion 33 of the drive 31 becomes. The gear 34 engages in an outer ring gear 35, which is rotatable on one mounted spindle shaft 50 is arranged. The spindle shaft 50 supports over two Ball bearings 36 on the chuck housing 37. Within the spindle shaft 50 are a first and second chucks 51, 52 which axially spaced apart the workpiece 7 two peripheral regions I, II clamp. The chucks 51, 52 are sleeve-like Chuck sleeve 53 is formed, the lower part (relative to the chuck 51) is formed circumferentially, while the clamping segments in the upper region of the sleeve 53 are slotted. Through the slotted sleeve results from the tongue-like Center region of the chuck sleeve a spring action, the retraction of the Clamping segments actuated pressure sleeves 54, 55, the opening between the Clamping segments expands.

The outside (part) conical surfaces of each chuck segment 51, 52 acts with the inside conical surface of the first and second pressure sleeve 54, 55 together, wherein for opening and closing the segments, the pressure sleeves 54, 55 axially be moved. The compression sleeves 54, 55 are slidable on the inside of the Spindle shaft 50 and main sleeve stored. The shift of the first and second Pressure sleeve 54 and 55 is carried by segments 56, which through axial slots 40 in the Spindle shaft 50 reach through (see Fig. 4). An upper set of segments 56 is the associated with first pressure sleeve 54 and a lower set of segments 56 is the second Pressure sleeve 55 assigned.

On the outside of the spindle shaft 50 supports a plate spring 57, which between the upper and lower set segments 56 is clamped and biased the upper set of segments 56 and lower set of segments 56 apart. On the upper set of segments 56 acts a first lifting element 58 and a second Lifting element 59 acts on the lower set of segments. The lifting elements 58, 59 are cup-shaped, with their outer edges one above the other displaced are. The lifting elements 58, 59 are axially displaceable on the chuck housing 37 stored and by moving the lifting elements 58, 59 against each other a contact surface 63 at the inner region of the lifting elements 58, 59 on the segments 56, so that upon further collapse of the lifting elements 58, 59 against each other, the upper set of segments 56 opposite the lower set of Segments is pushed together against the spring action.

For actuating the lifting elements 58, 59 is by a first fluid inlet 60 and a second fluid inlet 61 hydraulic oil into a cavity between the Lifting elements 58, 59 and the chuck housing 37 introduced so that the first Lifting element 58 down and the second lifting element 59 is moved upward. When moving together, a third fluid inlet 62 makes hydraulic oil omitted. For moving apart of the lifting elements 58, 59 are the first and second fluid inlet 60, 61 switched pressure-free and through the third fluid inlet 62nd Hydraulic oil press-fitted, so that the two lifting elements 58, 59 due the pressure in the cavity between the two lifting elements 58, 59 and the Chuck housing 37 are moved apart. At another, not here illustrated embodiment, the third fluid inlet 62 omitted and the Moving apart of the lifting elements 58, 59 is also the biasing force of Disk spring 57 used, but with no complete release between the segments 56 and the contact surface 63 of the lifting elements 58, 59 takes place. Furthermore, it can be provided be that only by the first or second fluid inlet 60, 61 hydraulic initiated and thus either the first or the second lifting element is actuated, so that only the first or second chuck 51, 52 opens. For example, if only a very short workpiece 7 by only one jaw set 51, 52 is clamped. Also, in one-sided determination of the plate spring 57 on the spindle shaft 50, the Actuation of only a single chuck 51 by only one lifting element 58 or Be provided 59, wherein also in this case a decoupling of the leadership of Hydraulic oil is made of the rotated parts. The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 also allows a workpiece 7 with different diameters in the range of the first and second chucks 51, 52 (peripheral region I and II), since the displacement of the upper segment set and the lower segment set 56 a Relative movement allows each other, i. one with respect to the spindle shaft 50 asymmetric Displacement movement.

FIGS. 3A-3C show a side view, a cross-sectional view and a plan view (For the illustration in Fig. 3A) of the pressure sleeves 54, 55. In the upper part of the Pressure sleeve is formed a circumferential groove 76. On the lower inside is a Funnel or a conical surface 77 is formed, which as described above with the cone-shaped back of the chuck clamping segments 51, 52 cooperates. Of the upper rim of the pressure sleeve 54, 55 is as a bayonet-shaped lock 78 with Recesses 79 formed.

Fig. 4 shows a side view of the spindle shaft 50, at its inner peripheral portion two wreaths are formed with longitudinal slots 40. On the circumference are here in the upper and lower middle portions each have six segment slots 40 for the upper set of six segments 56 and the lower set of segments formed. The segments 56 are axially displaceable within the slots 40. At the lower end of the spindle shaft 50 a flange 41 is provided, on which the outer ring gear 35 is flanged.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of one of the twelve segments used, the as indicated by the arrow in a segment slot 40 of FIG. 4 is used. After insertion of the base body 73 is within a segment slot 40 and beyond the outer surface of the spindle shaft 50 protrudes an outer nose 70, while on the inside of the spindle shaft, the inner guide 74 and a projection 75th protrude. The projection 75 engages after insertion of the pressure sleeve 54, 55 in whose groove 76 a. To insert the printing sleeves after mounting the segments 56 is axial engagement of the pressure sleeves 54, 55 of the ring of the latch 78 to the Recesses 79 guided over the projections 75. By turning the pressure sleeves 54, 55 then engages the projection 75 in the groove 76, so that a coupling between Segment and pressure sleeve is ensured with axial displacement. At the of Outer diameter of the spindle shaft 50 projecting outer nose 70 acts a third bearing surface 71, the first bearing surface 63 of the first and second Hubelements 58, 59, wherein the segments of the upper segment set by the first Hubelement 58 are shifted downward, while the segments 56 of the lower Segment set by the second lifting element 59 are moved upward. At the second bearing surface 72 of the outer nose 70 is applied to the diaphragm spring, the 56th of the upper set to the top and the segments of the lower set to the bottom shifts.

Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the clamping head 30 of Fig. 2 with a on the Bottom mounted extension. Compared to Fig. 2, the lower lid 67th unscrewed from the flange 41 of the spindle shaft 50 and instead of the lower lid 67th an extension sleeve 65 is placed on the flange 41. Instead of the short, second pressure sleeve 55, a long pressure sleeve 55 a is inserted, extending to the End portion of the extension sleeve 65 extends. The lower second chuck 52 is removed from the spindle shaft 50 and inserted into the extension sleeve 65. The Axial position of the second chuck 52 is by a with the spindle shaft 5C connected support shaft 66 and by screwing the lower cover 67 on the Bottom of the extension sleeve 65 set. The long pressure sleeve 55a engages also with a bayonet-type latch 78a (corresponding to 78 of Fig. 3A) in the lower segment set 56. Through a corresponding extension sleeve and an extended pressure sleeve allows the clamping head 30 also at the top Extend upward displacement of the chuck 51.

Fig. 7 shows a front view of the vertical center drive machine 1. In addition to the Figs. 1A-1D here are the above-mentioned first and second handling devices 80, 85 shown. The first handling device 80 is in the Y direction left to Processing zone of the central unit 3 offset, while the second Handling device 85 is offset to the right. Both handling devices 80, 85 are equipped with a gripping arm 81, 86, which in the illustration of Fig. 7 in Viewing direction is. The gripping arms are shown in the plan view of FIG. 8. At the ends of both gripper arms 81, 86 a gripping device is arranged in each case, the optionally in addition to the pivoting movement of the gripper arm about the Z-axis also a Rotation around the gripper arm allows. Opposite to the gripping bearing in each case a drive 82, 87 for the pivotal movement of the gripper arm and the optional Rotation of the gripping device provided. Both handling devices 80, 85 are each mounted on a YZ-displacement unit 83, 88, with which the Handling device 80, 85 in the Z and Y directions can be moved (the coordinates are shown at the top right of the figure). As mentioned above, store the first Tool unit 8 and the second tool unit 10 also each on a YZ displacement unit 89, 90. Thus, the respective tool turret 9, 11 in Z and Y direction for end machining the workpiece are delivered.

The drives of the lower handler 80 and the lower tool unit 8 build with respect to the gripping or working space down, while the drives of the upper handling device 85 and the upper tool unit 10 with respect to build their gripping or working space up. This allows the gripping and Processing zones are very close to each other or are the necessary Dodge paths very short, which means very short cycle times even for small workpieces allows. In a preferred embodiment and as shown in Fig. 1, the drive 31 of the central unit to the processing zone 102 offset forward (from the Drawing plane of Fig. 7 out). However, the drive can be as shown in Fig. 7 alternatively build forward.

The first handling device 80 loads the clamping head 30 with workpieces 7 a workpiece magazine 91. The second handling device 85 removes the in the center drive machine machined workpiece 7 from the chuck head 30 and first transfers the workpiece 7 to a control station 92, in the test measurements be made on the workpiece.

Fig. 8 shows schematically the integration of the center drive machine 1 in a Processing line. The loading of the center drive machine 1 for End machining of the workpieces 7 takes place from a loading cell 106, in which the Workpiece magazine 91 is arranged. The first handling device 80 moves on the YZ shifting unit 83 between the mounting cell 106 and a first one Machining cell 102, which shields the center drive machine 1. The YZ shift unit 83 is on the machine body 2 of the center drive machine. 1 stored. After removal of the workpiece from the workpiece magazine 91 this by the first handling device 80 to the first processing zone 104 in the first processing cell 102 transferred. After the end processing takes the second handling device 85, the machined workpiece from the first Processing zone 104 and transfers it by methods using the YZ displacement unit 88 from the first processing cell 102 to a control cell 107. In the control cell 107 optional test measurements on the machined workpiece 7 performed in the control station 92. The workpiece is then removed from the control cell 107 transferred to a second processing cell 103, in the here an example Central processing machine 100 is shielded. In a second processing zone 105 is then processed by the center processing machine 100, the processing of Workpiece 7 performed in the middle section, in which the workpiece previously in the Machining was clamped by the center drive machine 1. As shown, is the YZ shifting unit 88 of the second handling device 85 both on Machine base 2 of the center drive machine 1 as well as on a Machine main body 101 of the center processing machine 100 fixed. It can However, it may also be provided that the YZ displacement unit 88 at only one the machine base body 2, 101 is attached.

A third handling device 109 removes the machined workpiece from the second processing zone 105 of the center processing machine 100 and transferred this in an output cell 108. In the output cell 108 is a workpiece magazine 110th provided in which the machined workpieces are stored or turned off. The Third handling device 109 is again on a YZ displacement unit 111 movably mounted.

The cells 106, 102, 107, 103 and 108 are partitioned against each other by partitions. Closing devices open the partitions between the cells 106, 102, 107, 103 and 108 respectively for the passage of the corresponding first, second or third Handling device 80, 85, 109. During processing of the workpieces in the Processing zones 104 and 105 are the handling devices 80, 85, 109 the processing cells 102, 103 moved out and the locking devices separate the respective cells from each other, so that the handling equipment is not be acted upon by processing means and residues. For maintenance and Repair work is the cells 102, 107 by front doors arranged accessible.

In another embodiment, not shown, one, both or all three Handling devices 80, 85, 109 are replaced by the fact that at the corresponding tool unit 8, 10 on the tool turret 9, 11 a Gripping device is arranged instead of one of the tools. With the gripping device can the workpiece 7 engage and in the clamping head 30 or the clamping device Insert or remove the center processing machine 100 by either the correspondingly modified tool unit 8, 10 and / or the central unit 3 in the Z direction is moved (corresponding to the tool units of the machine 100 and their tensioning device). For transporting the workpiece between the Workpiece magazine 91 and the first processing zone 102, between the first Processing zone 102 and the control station, between the first and the second Processing zone and / or between the second processing zone 102 and the Workpiece magazine rest with the gripper (s) equip (s) tool units on Y-direction extended YZ shift units 89, 90, etc., to the Transport paths between each of the workpiece magazine 91, the first Processing zone 102, the second processing zone 104 and the workpiece magazine 110 cover.

In a further embodiment, one or more of the handling devices 80, 85, 109 are not stored on the separate YZ-displacement unit 83, 88, 111, but on the YZ displacement units 89, 90 of the tool units 8, 10 (for Center processing machine 100 not shown). The Y-routes are corresponding extended to execute the tool transfer.

9 shows a cross-sectional view through a further embodiment of a Chuck head 121 for the center unit 120 of a center drive machine, at in contrast to the chuck head 30 of Fig. 2 only a chuck is provided. The central unit 120 is like the central unit 3 via a console. 4 mounted on a machine base 2 (see Fig. 1A to 1D). Diagonal opposite to the console 4 is a drive 31 with a motor pinion 33 and a Gear 34 is arranged. The gear 34 engages an outer ring gear 129 of the Ball bearings 122 rotatably mounted clamping head 121. For optimal Machining precision at high speed come here with two spindle bearings 122 mutually inclined clamping planes are used. A motor housing of the engine or of the drive 31 and the console 4 are provided with a chuck housing 123 of the Clamping head 121 connected. The rotatable parts of the clamping head 121 are in essentially within a bearing on the ball bearings 122 spindle shaft or Main sleeve 126 arranged. The outer ring gear 129 is at an annular or attached flange extension of the main sleeve 126, so that when driving the Outer ring gear 129, the main sleeve 126 is set in rotation.

Within the main sleeve 126 are chuck segments 127 of a chuck arranged. In the illustrated example, three segments 127 form the collet, wherein the segments 127 are interconnected by an elastic intermediate layer 144, e.g. Rubber, connected to each other. The intermediate layer 144 is when tightening compressed and when loosening the collet (see below) presses the Liner 144, the segments 127 apart, so that the workpiece released becomes. On the outside of the chuck segments 127 recesses are provided, with an inwardly projecting annular projection 128 of the main sleeve 126 in Engage, so that the segments 127 at a radial displacement to Clamping or loosening of a workpiece 7 'are not displaced in the axial direction. Furthermore, the chuck segments 127 have a part-conical outer periphery, which cooperates with a clamping or pressure sleeve 130, the one on the inner circumference Cone. The pressure sleeve 130 is displaceable in the axial direction on Inner circumference of the main sleeve 126 stored. An axial displacement of the pressure sleeve 130 is through the inner / outer surface pairing of the pressure sleeve 130 and the segments 127 converted into a radial displacement of the segments 127.

The main sleeve 126 has a plurality of axially extending openings 124 (FIG. 10) the axially displaceable driving pins 125 extend. The through the main sleeve 126th leading drive pins 125 are each at one end (left in the drawing plane) connected to the pressure sleeve 130, while the other end of the Driving pins 125 (right in the drawing plane) connected to an inner sleeve 134 is. Pressure sleeve 130, driving pin 125 and inner sleeve 134 are by a screw 140 fixed to each other and as a unit within the clamping head 121 axially displaceable.

Between the displaceable inner sleeve 134 and the main sleeve 126 are in axial Directional coil springs 131 are arranged, due to their bias the inner sleeve 134 with respect to the main sleeve 126 moves to the left. fourteen Coil springs 131 are in spring chambers 142 (see FIGS. 10 and 11) taken, the Side boundaries through the inner surfaces of the main sleeve or main spindle 126 and the outer surfaces of the inner sleeve 134 are formed. Depending on the desired clamping pressure through the clamping segments 127 on a workpiece 7 ', the number of springs 131th can be selected without changing the remaining structure of the chuck head 121. By the spring-actuated displacement of the inner sleeve 134, the pressure sleeve 130 presses the Clamping segments 127 in the radial direction together, so that in the opening of the Chuck inserted workpiece 7 'is clamped or clamped.

On the outer circumference of the inner sleeve 134 extend in the axial direction (in the Drawing plane to the left) Anlagevorsprünge 135, on which a driver of a Lifting element 136 acts. The abutment protrusions 135 are formed by recesses 141 in FIG the main sleeve 126 passed (see Fig. 10). The lifting element 136 stores rotatably in the chuck housing 123 and is hydraulically actuated in the axial direction displaceable relative to the chuck housing 123. To a in the chuck 121st clamped workpiece 7 'is in a first chamber 137 between the Lifting element 136 and the housing 123 hydraulic oil pressed and so the lifting element 136 axially displaced (to the right in Fig. 9). After a short displacement comes the driver of the lifting element 136 to the contact projections 135 to the system and Upon further pressurization with hydraulic oil, the lifting element 136 moves the Inner sleeve 134 to the right and thus gives the workpiece 7 'free. Is a new to processing blank 7 'inserted between the chuck segments 127, is made the first chamber 137 of the pressure degraded while in a second chamber 138th between the lifting element 136 and the housing 123 hydraulic oil with pressure is initiated. As a result, the lifting element 136 is axially in motion (to the left in Fig. 9) and the inner sleeve 134 is by the bias of the coil springs 131 shifted to the left, until due to the clamping of the workpiece 7 'no further Displacement of the inner sleeve 134 is more. Thereafter, the lifting element 136 is still moved to its end stop, so while running the Rotary movement of the main sleeve 126 no contact between the rotationally fixed Lifting element 136 and the co-rotating inner sleeve 134 is present. The feed of the hydraulic oil into the first chamber 137 takes place through a fluid line 139, the passes through the housing 123 and to a terminal for external supply of the Hydraulic oil leads. The supply line for the second chamber 138 is in a plane offset from the line 139 and therefore not shown.

As shown in FIG. 9, at the left-side end of the main sleeve 126 is an annular one Cover plate 132 is attached, which extends over the left-side bearing 122 and a partial region of the chuck housing 123 engages around. The circumference is between the cover plate 132 and the outer circumference of the housing 123 is a labyrinth or Gap seal 133 arranged. The cover plate 132 prevents ingress of Processing residues in the storage area of the central unit 120th

For cleaning and / or cooling of the workpiece 7 'and the clamping head 121 is via a arranged on the right inner side of the clamping head 121 media sleeve 150th Cooling or rinsing liquid supplied to the chuck segments 127. A Feed line 151 is fixedly connected to the housing 123 and has a Liquid port. The wall of the line 151 is as a connecting bridge formed between the housing 123 and the media sleeve 150, so that the Media sleeve 150 rotatably engages in the main sleeve 126. The media sleeve 150 has an overlap region with the inner sleeve 134 and passes over an inner conduit 152 a formed in the inner sleeve 134 annular groove 153 liquid. Due to the high speeds is between the inner sleeve 134 and the media sleeve no Slip seal, but a gap seal provided, resulting in a low Fluid loss in the transition area leads. Within the inner sleeve 134 extends a bore 156, which is connected to the annular groove 153, through a conduit sleeve 155th extended and inserted into the pressure sleeve 130. The pressure sleeve 130 has a Outlet 154, through which the liquid is guided to the chuck segments 127. The conduit sleeves 155 are passed through openings 124a which are on the same Circumference as the openings 124 are arranged for the driving pins 125 (Fig. 10).

In the workpiece 7 'shown in Fig. 9, a radial bore 157 is present, the should not be contaminated during processing. Therefore, instead of the Coolant or additionally a fluid from the outlet 154 in the pressure sleeve 130 through not shown, radially extending channels in the segments 127 to the Interior wall introduced. From the exit on the inner wall of the segments 127, the fluid enters (e.g., lubricating oil) then into the radial bores 157 (only one shown) of the workpiece 7 'and rinses this free during processing.

By a handling device (cf., for example, the reference numerals 80 and / or 85 in Fig. 8) with a 3-jaw chuck, the workpiece 7 'in the Spannsegmentsatz 127 fed from the rear (from the right in Fig. 9) and / or taken from it. The Workpiece 7 'is drilled from behind, turned out and rolled (right end) while from the left a centering is introduced into the left workpiece end. The Machining both sides in one tension allows for high precision alignment in the further processing of the workpiece in another processing machine, in then the workpiece by centered clamping at both ends of the Outer circumference is precisely machined to the inner surfaces. For example, the Processing machine no. 1 in Fig. 8, a center drive machine and the Processing Machine No. 100 a grinder with clamping between a Spindle and a quill.

Claims (18)

Chuck head for clamping a workpiece to be machined, wherein the chuck head (30; 121) comprises: a rotatably mounted chuck having a first set (51; 127) clamping segments for clamping a workpiece (7, 7 ') to a first peripheral region (I), an automatic actuating device (57-62, 125, 130, 131, 134, 136) for actuating the first clamping segment set (51, 127), wherein the actuating device has at least one spring element (57, 131), which due to its pretensioning comprises the first clamping segment set (51; 51, 127) for clamping a workpiece (7, 7 ') closes; and a main sleeve (50; 126) in which the first clamping segment set is disposed, the main sleeve being rotatably supported by two axially spaced bearings (36; 122) in the chuck head (30; 121); characterized in that
the actuating device (57-62; 125, 130, 131, 134, 136) is arranged in the axial direction substantially between the two bearings (36; 122) or in the region of the bearings. The chuck head according to claim 1, wherein the chuck head (30) has one in the Main sleeve (50) arranged second clamping segment set (52) for clamping the Workpiece (7) at a second peripheral region (II), in the axial direction to the first peripheral region (I) is spaced apart. Chuck head according to claim 2, wherein both clamping segment sets (51, 52) by means of the actuating device (57-62) are actuated. Chuck head according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the at least a spring element (57; 131) due to its bias the clamping segments (51, 52; 127) for clamping a workpiece (7) closes. A chuck head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the Actuator (57-62; 125, 130, 131, 134, 136) comprises an actuator (58, 59; 136) comprising, for releasing the clamping segments (51, 52, 127) on the at least one Spring element (57, 131) acts. The chuck head of claim 5, wherein the actuator (58, 59, 136) is within a non-rotatable housing (37; 123) of the chuck head (30; 121) displaceable stored and hydraulically actuated. A chuck head according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the actuator (58, 59; at least one axially displaceable clamping element (54, 55, 130) and over this on the Tension segment set (51, 52, 127) acts. Chuck head according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least at one Side of the chuck head (30; 121) the clamping segment set (54, 55) exchangeable and / or removably mounted. Chuck head according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the main sleeve (50) by means of an essay (65) is extendable, in particular the interchangeable and / or removable clamping segment set (54, 55) can be mounted in the attachment. Mittenantriebsmaschine for double-sided end machining of a workpiece, with
a machine frame (2),
a center drive (3) mounted on the machine frame (2), wherein the center drive has a driven clamping device (30, 121) for clamping and driving a workpiece (7, 7 ') to be machined, and
an actuating device (57-62; 125, 130, 131, 134, 136) arranged within the clamping device (30; 121) for automatically clamping and releasing a workpiece;
wherein the center drive (3) is designed as a single head, with which a workpiece to be machined (7, 7 ') is freely clamped and driven, and
wherein the axis of rotation of the center drive (3) is vertically aligned. Center drive machine according to claim 10, characterized by at least one quill (12, 13) or a mandrel which or in the direction of rotation axis (Z) movable and the end of a workpiece (7, 7 ') is deliverable. Center drive machine according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the center drive (3) is mounted movable in the direction of rotation axis (Z). Center drive machine according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized by at least one tool unit (8, 10) which can be selectively fed to the first or the second end of a workpiece (7, 7 ') clamped in the center drive (3). Center drive machine according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized by at least one handling device (80, 85) for gripping a workpiece (7, 7 '), for feeding the workpiece to the clamping device (30, 121) and for removing the workpiece from the clamping device. Mittenantriebsmaschine according to claim 14, wherein the at least one of Handling devices (80, 85) in the direction of rotation axis (Z) is movable. Center drive machine, in particular according to one of claims 10 to 15, with a chuck head (30; 121) according to one of claims 1 to 9. Center drive for a center drive machine, in particular after one of Claims 10 to 16, wherein with the formed as a single drive head center drive (3) a workpiece to be machined (7, 7 ') is freely tensioned and driven and the Center drive an actuator (57-62, 125, 130, 131, 134, 136) for has automatic clamping and releasing a workpiece. Arrangement of juxtaposed vertical processing machines (1, 100), in particular with a center drive machine (1) according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein a workpiece (7, 7 ') is machinable with vertical alignment of the workpiece in each of the vertical processing machines characterized by a first handling device (85) arranged between the processing machines (1, 100), with which the workpiece (7) is moved from a first processing zone (104) in the first processing machine (1) to a second processing zone (105) in the second processing machine (100) can be transferred, wherein the first handling device (85) on a between the processing machines (1, 100) movable displacement unit (88) is arranged.

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