EP1497031B1

EP1497031B1 - Improved pipettor and externally sealed pipette tips

Info

Publication number: EP1497031B1
Application number: EP02786416A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Felix H. Yiu
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-04-08
Filing date: 2002-10-15
Publication date: 2012-09-12
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-15
Also published as: EP1497031A1; JP4447925B2; AU2002351499A1; JP2006507106A; EP1497031A4

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to pipettors and pipette tips and more particularly to a piston free pipettor and a self- aligning and self-sealing pipette tip and a pipetting system.

BACKGROUND ART

Pipetting systems are used in laboratories for the transfer of relatively small quantities of liquids in a precise and accurate manner. The liquid is normally drawn into the tips by suction and is subsequently released into the wells of microtiter plates or other receptacles. Frequently the transfer involves samples, which are moved from one set of spaced receptacles to another set of receptacles. An example of a pipetting system can be seen in United States Patent 6,132,582 .
The use of pipette devices for the transfer and dispensing of precise quantities of fluids in analytical systems is well known as is the use of disposable tip members for such pipettes. Disposable tips accommodate the serial use of such pipette devices in the transfer of different fluids without carryover or contamination of a second sample from a disposable pipette tip used with a first sample. The first tip is discarded and replaced by a second disposable tip before pipetting the second sample.
Generally speaking, prior disposable pipette tips are formed of a plastic material and are of a hollow, elongated, generally conical shape with an open proximal end for receiving and releasably mating with the distal end of an elongated, generally conical, pipette tip mounting shaft of a pipette device. Ideally, the disposable tip should slide easily onto the mounting shaft to an axial position adjacent a lower end of a tip ejection mechanism of the pipette device. Thus located, the pipette tip should be laterally stable on the shaft, free from external rocking relative to the shaft (as during"touching off), and should form a fluid tight annular seal with the mounting shaft. Then when it is desired to replace the tip with a new tip, the pipette tip should be easily removed from the mounting shaft by operation of a tip ejection mechanism.
To meet the desired sealing criteria for disposable pipette tips on pipette tip mounting shafts, the inner surface and side walls of the proximal portions of most pipette tips may be axially tapered at a one to one and a half degree greater angle than the distal end of the pipette tip mounting shaft and form an axially elongated frusto-conical annular sealing band. The sealing band may be dimensioned to stretch outwardly ("hoop stretch") as the distal end of the elongated generally conical pipette tip mounting shaft is forced into the proximal end of the tip to firmly seat the tip on the shaft and to create an axially elongated annular fluid tight seal between the sealing band and the mounting shaft.
Other pipette tips, may include a plurality of axially-spaced compressible annular sealing rings on an inner surface of the proximal end portion of such tips. The rings create multiple axially spaced fluid tight annular seals between the outer surface of the pipette tip mounting shaft and the inner surface of the proximal end portion of the tip which by virtue of the axially spaced rings is laterally stabilized against undesired rocking on the shaft during touching off.
The design criteria for disposable pipette tips demand that they be stably mountable on and form a fluid tight seal with a pipette mounting shaft is more easily achieved than the design criteria that disposable pipette tips slide easily onto a pipette tip mounting shaft to an axial location forming a fluid tight seal and then be easily removable from the mounting shaft when it is desired to replace the tip.
As previously stated, standard small and moderate volume pipette tips include a frusto-conical annular sealing band or inner surface for engaging and sealing with the tapered distal end of a pipette tip mounting shaft. The angle of taper of the sealing surface usually approximates (e. g., one and one-half degrees greater than) that of the mounting shaft (e. g. , two to five degrees). Thinning the side wall of the standard small and moderate volume pipette tips in the region of such a sealing band does little to reduce the mounting and ejection forces required to move such a tip to a sealing location and then eject the pipette tip from the mounting shaft. In forming the desired annular seal, the frusto-conical annular region is required to stretch like a hoop (hoop stretch) outwardly normal to the mating sloping surface of the pipette tip mounting shaft. Large reactive forces in the tip material resist such hoop stretching and require the exertion of large axial forces (e. g. , one to three (1-3) or more pounds) on the tip in order to mount the tip on the mounting shaft and create the necessary annular fluid tight seal. Such reactive forces increase as the tip is driven toward the tip ejection mechanism of the associated pipette device.
Due to the foregoing, it can be seen that the efficient mounting of disposable pipette tips by the insertion of a mounting shaft into the pipette tip entails some problems that have yet to be resolved by the art which the present invention addresses.
Disposable pipette tips are commonly mounted and stored in sterilizable racks. Such racks commonly include a support tray having an array of bores for receiving distal ends of pipette tips to vertically orient the pipette tips in a spaced rectilinear pattern with open proximal ends of the tips exposed to receive the mounting shafts of a pipette device onto which the pipette tips are to be mounted. For example, to mount the disposable pipette tips contained in a tip rack on the shafts of a multi-channel pipette, the pipette device is placed over the rack with its several mounting shafts aligned with the open proximal ends of an aligned series of the pipette tips. After a slight initial insertion of the mounting shafts into the open proximal ends of the aligned pipette tips, a relatively large downward force is exerted on the pipette device to drive the mounting shafts into the tip members. The pipette tips are thus very firmly seated on the mounting shafts and are lifted from the rack with upward movement of the multi-channel pipette.
Unfortunately, in practice, such multiple pipette tip mounting procedures often result in some of the pipette tips being mounted at different axial orientations on some of the mounting shafts or mandrels. However, if the pipettor channels are ganged together, the axial orientation would be the same on all tips. However, the force of the seal may vary on each tip due to the variance in internal tip sizes at the places of sealing. In an attempt to eliminate such non- uniform mounting of pipette tips on the several channels of a multi-channel pipette, users often rock the pipette as the mounting shafts are driven by relatively high axial forces into the tips supported by a pipette tip rack to drive the tips toward the lower surface of the tip ejector mechanism of the pipette.
Several example of pipette tips can be seen in United States Patents 4,072,330 ; 5,032,343 ; 5,497,670 and 6,415,669 .
Additionally, the prior pipette tips frequently relied upon the use of O-rings to provide a seal between the pipette tip and the mandrel or manifold into which the pipette tip fit. Several disadvantages arise from the use of O-rings, not the least of which is the greater expense and manufacturing. Additionally, 0-rings require lubrication and other activities leading to high maintenance with respect to such 0-rings. 0-rings need replacement from time to time and due to compression introduce an element of unreliability into the volumes pipetted especially as needed amounts of pipetted liquids become smaller and smaller and progress further and further into the microvolume range.
Consequently, it would be an advance in the art to provide pipette tips that generally do not require a relatively high degree of force or pressure in order to secure them to a mounting shaft or other mounting construction. It would additionally be advantageous to provide such a system to allow a single precise and accurate machine to both aspirate and dispense liquids, as well as to hold the pipette tips in place. This would allow more automated processing of pipetting procedures and allow human attention to be devoted to other more important activities. The present invention provides solutions to these and other problems and disadvantages in the prior art.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present invention provides a pipetting system according to claim 1 and pipette tips according to claim 31.
Instead of the usual configuration where a piston moves relative to the pipette tip, a pipette block engages and surrounds the open proximal end of the pipette tips. The pipette tips themselves are held in place with respect to a chassis by a locking plate system. The pipette block then moves vertically with respect to the locking plate system in order to apply or diminish pressure within the pipette tip. This respectively causes the pipette tip to expel/dispense or aspirate fluid at the tip of the pipette. A sliding seal is present between the open proximal end of the pipette tip and the circumscribing surface of the pipette block. By means of a precision motor, precise and accurate amounts of fluid can be dispensed or aspirated by the pipette tips.
Additional motors allow for the automatic locking and unlocking of the locking plate system so that the pipette tips are automatically locked and unlocked into place. Additionally, a third motor disposes the entire pipetting assembly vertically with respect to underlying microtiter plates, other receptacles, and/or pipette tip holders.
The pipettor and pipette tips of the present invention enable precise and accurate amounts of fluid to be pipetted in a piston-less system that is reliable and which lends itself to a high degree of automation.
The present invention also provides pipette tips that require no 0-rings in order to provide a reliable seal. For this and other reasons, manufacturing costs are lowered and a more advantageous pipette tip is provided that is reliable and useful in nature.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a left side perspective and partial cutaway view of the pipettor of the present invention, with a holder of disposable pipette tips having the open proximal pipette tip ends passing through the locking plate and bottom stationary plate.
Figure IA is a close up of the open proximal pipette tip ends passing through the locking plate structure as indicated by circle I A in Figure 1.
Figure 2 is a left side perspective and partial cutaway view of the pipettor as the pipette block engages the open proximal pipette ends as such ends pass through the locking plate assembly.
Figure 3 is a left side perspective and partial cutaway view of the pipettor as the locking plate reaches the locking rings of the pipettes.
Figure 4 is a left side and partial cutaway view of the pipettor of the present invention showing the locking of the pipettes by the locking plate assembly.
Figure 4A is an enlarged view of circle 4A of Figure 4 showing the locking plate locking the pipettes into place.
Figure 4B is a side and partial cross sectional view of a pipette tip held in a holder as shown in Figures 4 and 4A indicating additional aligning supports used to support the pipette tip in the pipette tip holder and the locking plate adjacent the locking flange.
Figure 5 is a left side and partial cutaway view of the pipettor of the present invention, including the pipette tip holder and the locked pipette tips with the chassis shown at a near maximal withdrawal distance that allows the pipette tips to clear the pipette holder.
Figure 6 is a left side rear and partial cutaway view of the pipettor of the present invention showing the locking plate motor and the vertical displacement motor structures.
Figure 7 is a left side perspective and partial cutaway view of the pipettor of the present invention, showing the pipette block in its fully dispensed position.
Figure 8 is a left side perspective and partial cutaway view of the pipettor of the present invention with the pipette block at its maximal aspirated position.
Figure 9 is a left side perspective, partial cutaway, and exploded view of the pipettor system of the present invention with respect to the operating elements of the pipette block and the locking plate.
Figure 10 is a side plan view of a pipette tip for use and conjunction with the pipettor of the present invention as well as other pipetting systems.
Figure 11 is a side and partial cross sectional view of a series of pipette tips such as ones similar to that shown in Figure 10 engaged in a piston-based pipette mandrel and shows an embodiment being not part of the present invention.
Figure 12 is a side cross sectional view of the pipettor and pipette tips of Figure 11 showing the ejection of the pipette tips by engagement with corresponding plungers.
Figure 13 is a partial cutaway view of a pipette block engaging pipette tips.
Figure 14 is an enlarged view of a top portion of a pipette tip encircled by circle 14 of
Figure 13 showing pipette tip seals circumscribing grooves in the pipette tip.
Figure 15 is a partial cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment being not part of the present invention showing pipette tips engaging a pipette block.
Figure 16 is an enlarged view of circle 16 of Figure 15 showing seals inset into the pipette block and engaging the top of the pipette tip.

BEST MODE (S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of presently-preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present invention may be constructed and/or utilized. The description sets forth the functions and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the invention in connection with the illustrated embodiments.
The automatic and motorized pipettor 100 is shown in Figure 1 in a perspective and partial cutaway view indicating a variety of the different features of the present invention. A precision motor 110 (that may operate in a stepwise manner) is attached to the chassis 112 by a motor mount 114. The motor 110 may be controlled by a computer or other automated processing device (not shown). A large threaded screw 116 passes through the motor 110 and the motor mount 114. The lower end of the threaded screw 116 is attached to the pipette block 118 into which a plurality of precision holes are bored. The pipette block bores 120 are open only at one end and engage the pipette tips 130 so as to cause there to be a sealing yet slidable relationship between the pipette tips 130 and the smooth interior of the pipette block bores 120.
The pipette tips 130 are held in place relative to the chassis 112 by a locking plate assembly 140. The locking plate assembly 140 allows the pipette tips 130 to pass through the locking plate assembly until the pipette tips 130 are fully engaged by the pipette block 118. The pipette tips 130 are then locked into place by the locking plate assembly. The pipette block 118 may then raise and lower relative to the locking plate assembly 140 in order to aspirate or expel fluid from the open distal end of the pipette tips 130.
Figure 1A shows in greater detail the pipette tips 130 and their open proximal end 132 passing through the locking plate assembly 140. As shown in Figure 1A, the locking plate assembly 140 has an upper stationary plate 142 in middle and sliding locking plate 144 and a lower or bottom stationery plate 146.
As can be seen in Figure 1A, the open proximal ends 132 of the pipette tips 130 have adjacent to them a set of three circumscribing ribs 134. The circumscribing ribs 134 act in concert as a sealing system with the circumscribing ribs 134 as sealing members. The circumscribing ribs 134 engage the smooth interiors of the pipette block bores 120 in order to provide a seal between the ambient environment and the confines of the bore 120. However, in some instances a single sealing rib 134 will suffice.
Shown in Figure 1A, the locking plate assembly 140 initially allows the proximal ends 132 of the pipette tips 130 to pass through the pipette apertures defined by the locking plate assembly. This is also shown in Figures 2 and 3.
In Figure 2, the chassis 112 continues to descend towards the pipette tip holder 150, and the pipettes 130 travel increasingly farther into the pipette block bores 120 present in the pipette block 118. The pipette tips 130 travel freely through the locking plate assembly 140 as the middle locking plate 144 is in the open and unlocked position.
In Figure 3, the chassis 112 has descended down to a position generally proximate the pipette tip holder 150. Note should be taken that the motor 110 has generally not been involved in this process. The pipette engagement process is generally controlled by a separate vertical displacement motor for the chassis (Figure 6) about which more is described later. Additionally, the threaded screw 116 generally does not turn during this process, as there is no relative displacement occurring between the pipette block 118 and the locking plate assembly 140 during the pipette-engagement process.
As shown in Figure 3, the locking plate assembly 140 has descended so that the locking flanges 136 of the pipette tips 130 are positioned above the locking plate 144 but beneath the upper plate 142. The locking flanges 136 may be held above the pipette tip holder 150 by the pipettes tips 130 themselves, as the height of the pipette tip holder 150 may be less than the height of the locking flanges 136. Consequently, the locking flanges 136 stand above the pipette tip holder 150 although the pipette tip holder 150 reliable and predictably holds the pipette tips 130 in an upright position.
In Figure 4, the locking plate 144 travels laterally relative to the pipette tips 130, so as to lock the locking flanges 136 between the locking plate 144 and the upper stationery plate 142. This locking relationship is shown in enlarged form in Figure 4A, where the interior perimeter of the locking plate 144 is wide enough on one side 160 to allow the locking flange 136 to pass through but is only wide enough for the pipette body at a second end 162.
When the locking plate 144 moves relative to the pipette tip 130, it either locks or unlocks the locking flange 136 in place with respect to the locking plate assembly 140. As shown in Figure 4A, the locking flanges 136 are locked in place as the upper plate 142 has flange receiving notches 166, which prevent the upper plate 142 from traveling downwardly past the locking flanges 136 and correspondingly prevents the locking flanges 136 from traveling upwardly past the upper plate 142. When the middle locking plate 144 locks the locking flange 136 in place, the locking flange 136 is trapped vertically with respect to both the upper plate 142 and the middle plate 144. The lower plate serves as a protective and spacing mechanism for the middle plate 144 and provides more secure operation for the locking process.
The horizontal movement of the pipette tip 130 is restrained by its inserted disposition into the smooth and close fitting pipette block bore 120 in the pipette tip block 118.
As seen in Figure 4B, the pipette tip 130 may be held upright in the pipette tip holder 150 with assistance by the pipette holder alignment taps 252. The holder alignment taps 252 serve to hold the pipette tip 130 a small distance above the pipette tip holder 150. The holder alignment taps 252 serve to engage the pipette tip holder 150 instead of the locking flange 136 or the distal end 170 of the pipette tip 130. This allows the locking flange 136 to stand away from the upper surface of the pipette tip holder 150 without forcing the distal end 170 of the pipette tip 130 contacting the pipette tip holder 150. Alternatively, the holder alignment taps 252 may be omitted if circumstances warrant.
Figure 5 shows the lifting of the chassis 112 by the vertical displacement motor 192 so that the pipette tips 130 are brought free from the pipette tip holder 150. As shown in Figure 5, the pipette block 118 may be pulled vertically away from the locking plate assembly 140. In doing so, fluid (generally in the form of air) travels into the pipette tip 130 via the open distal end 170 and into the pipette tip 130. The available volume for the pipette tip 130 is generally that of the pipette tip itself 130, as well as whatever volume of the pipette block bore 120 is present above the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tip 130. By moving the pipette block 118 relative to the locking plate assembly 140, the effective volume of the pipette tips 130 is increased and decreased. The change in volume is made by changing the volume of the pipette block bore 120 above the circumscribing sealing ribs 134 adjacent the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tips 130. In this way, by moving the pipette block 118 vertically with respect to the locking plate assembly 140, the open proximal ends 132 of the pipette tips 130 travel further out of or into the pipette block bores 120. Fluid then enters or escapes the open tapered pipette tip distal ends 170 in order to aspirate or expel such fluids.
Also shown in Figure 5 is a mechanical conveyor system 180 on which the pipette tip holder 150 sits. The mechanical conveyor 180 may have a precision screw 182 or the like that may move a conveyor platform 184 relative to the pipettor 100. In this way, pipette tip holders, microtiter receptacles, and the like can be precisely positioned below the pipette tip openings 170 for titration or pipetting.
As both the pipettor 100 and the mechanical conveyor system 180 are automated, and as automation of the placement and displacement of pipetting receptacles on the conveyor platform 184 is known in the art, it can be seen that the pipettor 100 of the present invention provides a very automated, as well as reliable, accurate and precise, means by which pipetting and titration can take place in the laboratory, factory, or otherwise. Such automation may be achieved robotically or otherwise, generally in a computer-aided fashion.
Figure 6 shows a rear perspective view of the pipettor 100, mechanical conveyor 180, as well as the vertical pipettor support 190. The mechanical pipettor support allows the chassis 112 to be disposed vertically with respect to the mechanical conveyor 180 by a vertical displacement motor 192. As shown in Figure 6, a vertical displacement screw 194 rests upon a vertical displacement block stop 196 and passes through the vertical displacement motor 192.
The vertical displacement motor may rotate an element in the manner of a threaded nut about the vertical displacement screw 194. As the vertical displacement screw 194 is rotationally fixed about its long axis with respect to the vertical displacement block stop 196, the vertical displacement screw does not turn with respect to the vertical pipettor support 190 or otherwise. Consequently, the turning of the internal member within the vertical displacement motor 192 causes the motor to travel along the length of the vertical displacement screw 194. Depending upon the direction that the motor 192 turns, the chassis 192 moves up or down with respect to the vertical pipettor support 190 as the vertical displacement motor 192 is fixed with respect to the chassis 112 as by a motor mount 198 or the like.
Also shown in Figure 6 is the tip locking motor 210, which is mounted to the chassis via a locking motor mount 212 or the like. A locking plate screw 214 passes through the locking motor 210 and engages the locking plate 144. The locking plate 144 is then controlled by the motion of the locking plate screw as it travels relative to the locking motor 210. Depending upon the direction of travel of the locking motor 210, the locking plate screw 214 travels toward the chassis or away from the chassis respectively unlocking or locking the locking plate and any pipette tips 130 that are properly disposed with respect to the locking plate assembly 140.
Having described how the pipette tips 130 are engaged and operated by the pipettor 100 of the present invention, the process of pipette tip disengagement then occurs when the pipette block 118 disengages the open proximal pipette ends 132 by traveling sufficiently away from the locking plate assembly 140 so as to free itself from the pipette tips 130.
As the locking plate assembly 140 holds the pipette tips 130 in place, the pipette block 118 may be lifted by the pipette block motor 110 so that it travels sufficiently high so as to disengage the open proximal ends 132 of the pipette tips 130.
As there is no connection between the pipette tips 130 and the pipette block 118, the pipette block 118 can then free itself from the pipette tips.
Preferably, the chassis 112 has inserted the open tapered ends 170 of the pipette tips 130 into a pipette tip holder 150. Prior to the removal of the pipette block 118 from the pipette tips 130. In so disposing the pipette tips 130, the removal of the pipette block 118 from the pipette tips 130 leaves the pipette tips 130 held in place only by the locking plate assembly 140. Upon disengagement of the pipette block 118, the locking plate assembly 140 may then disengage the pipette tips 130 when the middle locking plate 144 travels forward. By gravity or otherwise, the pipette tips are then free to descend into the pipette tip holder 150 and the chassis 112 may be lifted away from the pipette tip holder 150, leaving the pipette tips 130 behind. Upon clearing the open proximal ends 132 of the pipette tips 130, the mechanical conveyor 180 may then dispose another set of pipette tips 130 in a pipette tip holder 150 beneath the pipettor 100 in order to repeat the engagement, pipetting, and disengagement processes. This cycle of engagement, pipetting, and disengagement may be repeated as many times as is desired.
Additionally, as means exist by which precise and accurate registration may be enabled between the pipettor 100 and pipette tip holders 150, this process may be highly automated. Such registration techniques can also be used for microtiter receptacles into which or from which fluids may be pipetted by the pipettor 100.
Figure 9 shows an exploded view of the pipettor 100 with the vertical displacement and locking plate motors, as well as the vertical pipettor support are removed to better indicate the individual elements of the pipettor 100.
Figure 10 shows an embodiment of a pipette tip 130 with a locking flange 136 and circumscribing sealing ribs 134. Additionally, at the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tip 130 are alignment taps or detents 250 which travel outwardly from the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tip 130. The alignment taps 250 serve as alignment means for the pipette tip 130 and angle outwardly to form a small right triangle with the pipette tip 130. The hypotenuse of this right triangle travels from a first end generally flush and adjacent to the open proximal end 132 and travels outwardly as the distance increases from the open proximal end 132. The height of the alignment tap 250 at its terminal end is preferably less than or equal to the circumscribing and sealing ribs 134. This ensures that the sealing ribs 134 act as a seal when they are compressed against the smooth sides of the pipette block bores 120.
The sealing ribs 134 may take several embodiments. As shown in Figure 10, the sealing ribs 134 are narrowly spaced apart and may form an accordion like structure with each rib having a pointed or edged perimeter. As the sealing ribs 134 are generally made of the same material as the pipette tip 130 itself, the sealing ribs 134 preferably provide a flexible perimeter that allows the establishment of a sliding seal with any circumscribing channel such as the pipette block bores 120 in the pipette block 118 (Figure 1). The pointed nature of the sealing ribs 134 allows a significant degree of flexibility in such fins as well as giving the sealing ribs a high tolerance for different angles of engagement.
Alternative configurations from the pointed or finned perimeter of the sealing ribs 134 includes the use of rounded ribs, square ribs, oval perimeter ribs and the like.
The alignment taps 250 help to align the pipette tip 130 inside the pipette block bore 120 when the pipette block 118 engages the pipette tip 130 during the engagement process. If the axis of the pipette block bore 120 is not parallel and/or aligned with that of the pipette tip 130, the alignment taps 250 exert forces or torques upon the pipette tip 130 in order to better align it with the pipette block bore 120. This helps to ensure better engagement of the pipette tip 130 by the pipette block 118 and helps to ensure that such engagement is in an aligned manner so that the tapered, open, and operating distal end 170 of the pipette tips 130 are uniformly spaced with respect to one another as they are all centrally aligned and engaged with the pipette block bores 120. While Figure 10 show three of four alignment taps 250 equally-spaced about the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tip 130, three equally-spaced alignment taps 250 would also effectively balance the forces and torques to align the pipette tip 130 with any holder impressed onto the pipette tip end 132.
As shown in Figures 11 and 12, which show embodiments being not part of the invention, the pipette tips 130 of the present invention may be used in conjunction with single row or other multiple row hand held or automatic pipettors 270. Such pipettors may be manual or automatic in nature and may use a series of plungers 272 in order to perform ejection of the tips and possibly additionally operate as the volume-changing element so as to perform pipetting operations through the pipette tip.
The pipettor 270 generally has a pipette block 274 into which the pipette tips 130 fit as described above. The process by which the pipette tips 130 fit into the pipette block 274 may be as described above with the pipette block 274 descending to engage the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tip as well as the sealing ribs 134. Once engaged by the pipette block 274, the pipette tips 130 may then be used for pipetting operations.
A slidable pipette plunger assembly 276 may engage the pipette block 274 through apertures or bores 278 present through the top of the pipette block 274. The plungers or pistons 272 are attached to the pipette plunger assembly 276 and by traveling into or out of the pipette block 274 to respectively expel or aspirate liquid volumes through the pipette tips 130.
When the pipette tips 130 are ready to be replaced, the pipette plunger assembly 276 descends into the pipette block 274. The plungers 272 then engage interior portions of the pipette tips 130 forcing them out of the pipette chambers 280. In this way, the pipette tips 130 are readily engaged by the pipette block 274 and are disengaged simultaneously by the plungers 272 of the pipette plunger assembly 276.
In order to seal the space or gap between the pipette block 118 and the pipette tips 130, alternative means may be used apart from the circumscribing ribs 134. Two such alternative embodiments are shown in Figures 13-14.
In Figure 13, the pipette tip 130 may have one or more grooves 310 that circumscribe the top 312 of the pipette tip 130. The grooves 310 provide seats for O-ring seals or the like 314 which prevent the passage of fluid between the interior pipette block bores 120 of the pipette block 118 and the exterior of the pipette tip 130. This provides a seal 314 for the pipette tip 130 and as it travels through the pipette block bore 120. The traveling of the pipette tip 130 forces fluid past the pipette tip open distal end 170 as the volume above the open proximal end 132 of the pipette tip 130 changes in accordance with the translation or movement of the pipette tip 130 through the pipette block bore 120.
The O-ring or other seal 314 is preferably sufficiently durable, flexible, and resistant to wear such that it may slide along the interior of the pipette block bore 120 with minimal friction and abrasion. Contributing to the durability of the sealing ring 314 is the smooth nature of the pipette block bore 120 interior.
Figure 14 shows an enlarged view of the sealing system shown in Figure 13 where the O-ring seals 314 are seated at the top 312 of the pipette tip 130 in the pipette tip grooves 310.
In Figures 15 and 16, which show embodiments being not part of the present invention, a similar approach is shown with the O-ring seals seated in the pipette block 118 near the mouth of the pipette block bores 120 to engage the smooth exterior surface of the pipette tip 130. In Figure 16, grooves 320 are etched or engraved into the interior of the pipette block bore 120 near its open end 322. The O-ring seals 324 shown in Figure 16 may be similar to those shown in Figure 14. The O-ring seals 324 and the seal grooves 320 are placed generally proximate the open end 322 of the pipette block bore 120 in order to provide the greatest sealed volume for the pipette tip 130, Placement of the grooves 320 and O-ring seals 324 proximate the open bore end 322 enables a greater volume and travel distance for the pipette tip 130 so that a larger volume of fluid or liquid may be aspirated by the pipette tip 130.
While in Figures 13-14, a pair of seals 314, 324 are shown, additional or alternative numbers of seals may also be used including one seal with one groove or three seals with three grooves. The configuration shown in Figures 13-14 may be advantageously used under a wide variety of circumstances and the seals 314,324 may be constructed such that they may be sterilized with the pipette block 118. Alternatively, the pipette tips 130 shown in Figures 13-14 may be permanent instead of disposable such that the entire block 118 and pipette tip 130 apparatus is meant to be used on a permanent basis.
The pipette tips shown in Figures 13-14 may be used in a variety of alternatively-configured systems including the pipettor 100 of the present invention. Consequently, a variety of pipette tips 130 may be used in conjunction with the pipettor 100.
Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to particular embodiments disclosed herein for carrying it out, but that the invention includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic pipettor.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pipette tip that may be used in the pipettor of the present invention without conventional 0-rings, as well as other pipetting systems whether manual or automated.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a relatively low maintenance, multiple-pipette tip pipettor that is free of pistons while delivering precise and accurate amounts of fluids by pipetting.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pipettor that lends itself to automated processes.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a disposable pipette tip.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pipette tip that is inexpensive to manufacture.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pipette tip that is usefully implemented in both manual and automated processes.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pipette tip that can be used in plungerless and pistonless pipettors.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pipette tip that provides a seal with the adjacent pipetting mandrel or manifold without the use of O-ring seals.
These and other objects, advantages, and the industrial utility of the present invention will be apparent from a review of the accompanying specification and drawings.

Claims

A pipetting system comprising a plunger-less pipettor (100) and a pipette tip (130), the pipettor (100) comprises
- a pipette block (118);

- a locking plate assembly (140); and

- a pipette tip holder (150);
wherein a plurality of pipette block bores (120) are bored into the pipette block (118) and wherein the pipette block bores (120) open only at one end;
wherein the pipette tip (130) having an exterior surface defining an open proximal end (132) and a tapered distal end (170), the pipette tip (130) comprises
- alignment taps (250) for aligning the pipette tip (130) inside the pipette block bores (120);

- a locking flange (136) adapted to engage the locking plate assembly (140) to allow the engagement of the pipette block bores (120) with the pipette tip (130) and the vertical movement of the pipette block (118) relative to the locking plate assembly (140) in order to aspirate or expel fluid from the open distal end (170) of the pipette tip (130),

- a seal (134, 314) disposed between the alignment taps (250) and the locking flange (136), circumscribing the exterior surface of the pipette tip (130) and adapted to engage inside the pipette block bores (120).
A pipetting system according to claim 1, wherein
said alignment taps (250) including first and second external and spaced-apart taps coupled to the exterior surface of the pipette tip (130) adjacent the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 2, wherein
said first and second taps being oppositely opposed.
A pipetting system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third external tap spaced apart from said first and second taps ; and

said first, second, and third taps equally spaced around the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 2, further comprising:
third and fourth external taps spaced apart from said first and second taps; and

said first, second, third, and fourth taps equally spaced around the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 2, wherein said seal further comprising:
a circumscribing rib (134).
A pipetting system according to claim 2, wherein said seal (314) further comprising:
three circumscribing ribs (134) adjacent to one another.
A pipetting system according to claim 7, further comprising:
said locking flange (136) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) in a spaced-apart relationship from both the open proximal end (132) and the tapered distal end (170).
A pipetting system according to claim 1, further comprising:
said seal (314) proximate the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip and providing a seal about the open proximal (132) end so that fluid does not flow past said seal (314);

said seal (314) having a first sealing member, said first sealing member proximate the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130) and providing a seal (314) circumscribing the exterior surface of the open proximal (132) end so that fluid does not flow past said first sealing member;

second and third sealing members proximate said first sealing member, said second and third sealing members providing a seal circumscribing the exterior surface of the open proximal end (132) so that fluid does not flow past said second and third sealing members;

said first, second, and third sealing members each respectively having first, second, and third perimeters with first, second, and third edges; whereby

said first, second, and third edges are flexible and flexibly engage an interior of a pipettor (100) to form said seal (314) about the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130).
A pipetting system according to claim 9, wherein said first sealing member further comprises:
a first sealing rib (134) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) proximate the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 9, further comprising:
said second sealing member being a second sealing rib (134) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) proximate the open proximal end (132); and

said third sealing member being a third sealing rib (134) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) proximate the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 9, further comprising:
said aligning taps (250) for aligning the pipette tip (130) with a pipette block bore (120) when the pipette tip (130) is externally engaged about said open proximal end (132) by said pipette block bore (120).
A pipetting system according to claim 12, wherein said alignment taps (250) further comprises:
first and second external and spaced-apart taps (250) coupled to the exterior surface of the pipette tip (130) adjacent the open proximal end (132), said first and second external taps (250) adapted for engagement with a pipette block bore (120), whereby said first and second taps (250) serve to align the pipette tip (130) with a pipette block bore (120) when the pipette tip (130) is externally engaged about said open proximal end (132) by said pipette block bore (120).
A pipetting system according to claim 13, further comprising:
said first and second taps (250) being oppositely opposed.
A pipetting system according to claim 13, further comprising:
a third external tap (250) spaced apart from said first and second taps; and

said first, second, and third taps (250) equally spaced around the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 13, further comprising:
third and fourth external taps spaced apart from said first and second taps; and

said first, second, third, and fourth taps equally spaced around the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 13, further comprising:
said seal (314) disposed between said first and second taps (250) and said tapered distal end (170), said seal (314) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) and adapted to engage an interior of said pipette block bore (120), whereby said seal (314) seals the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130) and inhibits fluid flow past said seal (314) to urge said fluid flow only through the pipette tip (130) and not past said seal (314).
A pipetting system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a locking flange (136) coupled to the pipette tip (130).
A pipetting system according to claim 18, further comprising:
said locking flange (136) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) in a spaced-apart relationship from both the open proximal end (132) and the tapered distal end (170).
A pipetting system according to claim 1, further comprising:
said alignment taps (250) including first and second external and spaced-apart taps coupled to the exterior surface of the pipette tip (130) adjacent the open proximal end (132),

said first and second external taps adapted for engagement with a pipette block bore (120), whereby said first and second taps serve to align the pipette tip (130) with a pipette block bore (120) when the pipette tip (130) is externally engaged about said open proximal end (132) by said pipette block bore (120),

said seal (314) disposed between said first and second taps (250) and said tapered distal end (170), said seal (314) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) and

a locking flange (136) coupled to the pipette tip (130), said locking flange (136) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) in a spaced-apart relationship from both the open proximal end (132) and the tapered distal end (170).
A pipetting system according to claim 20, further comprising:
said first and second taps (250) being oppositely opposed.
A pipetting system according to claim 20, further comprising:
a third external tap spaced apart from said first and second taps; and

said first, second, and third taps equally spaced around the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 20, further comprising:
third and fourth external taps (250) spaced apart from said first and second taps; and

said first, second, third, and fourth taps (250) equally spaced around the open proximal end (132).
A pipetting system according to claim 20, wherein said seal further comprising:
a circumscribing rib (134).
A pipetting system according to claim 20, wherein said seal (314) further comprising:
three circumscribing ribs (134) adjacent to one another.
A pipetting system according to claim 1, further comprising:
said alignment taps (250) including first and second external and spaced-apart taps coupled to the exterior surface of the pipette tip (130) adjacent the open proximal end (132), said first and second external taps aligning the pipette tip (130) with a pipette block bore (120) and adapted for engagement with the pipette block bore (120);

said seal (314) proximate the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130) and providing a seal circumscribing the exterior surface of the open proximal end (132) so that fluid does not flow past said seal (314);

said seal (314) disposed between said first and second taps (250) and said tapered distal end (170), said seal (314) circumscribing the pipette tip (130) and adapted to engage an interior of a pipette block bore (120), whereby said seal (314) seals the open proximal end (32) of the pipette tip (130) and inhibits fluid flow past said seal (314) to urge said fluid flow only through the pipette tip (130) and not past said seal (314).
A pipetting system according to claim 1, wherein
said pipette tip (130) defining a first circumscribing groove (310) proximate an open end of that pipette tip (130); and
a first seal (314) seated in said first circumscribing groove (310); whereby
the pipette tip (130) may be used in conjunction with the pipette block (118) with the pipette tip (130) travelling into and out of said closed-end hole to control fluid flow into and out of the pipette tip (130) without fluid travel between a pipette block (118) and the pipette tip (130) due to said first seal (314).
A pipetting system according to claim 28, further comprising:
the pipette tip (130) defining a second circumscribing groove (310) proximate said open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130) and said first circumscribing groove (310); and

a second seal (314) seated in said second circumscribing groove (310), said second seal (314) providing a sliding seal between the pipette tip (130) and the pipette block (118) to better ensure sealing between the pipette tip (130) and the pipette block (118).
A pipetting system according to claim 1, further comprising:
said pipette tip holder (150) being a part of a pipettor (100) having a pipette block (118) defining a first pipette block bore (120) having an open end (322) and a closed end ,
the pipette tip (130) slidably engaging said pipette block (118) through said first pipette block bore (120) , said pipette tip (130) defining a first circumscribing groove (310) proximate an open proximal end (132) of said pipette tip (130); and

a first seal (314) seated in said first circumscribing groove (310) , said first seal (314) providing a sliding seal between said pipette tip (130) and said pipette block (318); whereby said pipette tip (130) may travel into and out of said first pipette block bore (120) to control fluid flow into and out of said pipette tip (130) without fluid travel between said pipette block and said pipette tip (130) due to said first seal (314);

said pipette tip (130) defining a second circumscribing groove (310) proximate said open proximal end (132) of said pipette tip (130) and said first circumscribing groove (310); and

a second seal (314) seated in said second circumscribing groove (310), said second seal (314) providing a sliding seal between the pipette tip (130) and said pipette block (118) to better ensure sealing between the pipette tip (130) and said pipette block (118).
A pipetting system according to claim 1, further comprising:
said pipette tip holder (150) being a part of a pipettor comprising a pipettor support, a chassis (112) coupled to said pipettor support, said chassis (112) moveable with respect to said pipettor support, and a vertical displacement motor (192) coupled to said pipettor support and said chassis (112), said vertical displacement motor (192) moving said chassis (112) with respect to said pipettor support;

said pipettor having a pipette block (118) coupled to said chassis (112), said pipette block (118) defining a plurality of pipette block bores (120) adapted to slidably receive pipette tips (130), said pipette block bores (120) having an open end (322) and a closed end and providing said pipette tip holder (150);

said pipettor having a pipette block motor (110) coupled to said pipette block (118), said pipette motor (110) moving said pipette block (110) relative to said chassis (112);

said pipettor having a locking plate assembly (140) fixed to said chassis (112), said pipette block (118) moving vertically with respect to said locking plate assembly (140), said locking plate assembly (140) adapted to receive pipette tips (130) and to releasably lock pipette tips (130) into place relative to said locking plate (144) so that said pipette block (118) may be moved relative to said locking plate (144) to aspirate and expel fluid via pipette tips (130), said locking plate assembly (140) including a first stationary plate (142), a second stationary plate (146), and a locking plate (144) slidably operating between said first and second stationary plates (142, 146);

said pipettor having said first stationary plate (142) defining first pipette apertures adapted to receive pipette tips (130), said first stationary plate (142) defining locking-flange (136) receiving notches adapted to receive a locking flange (136) of a pipette tip (130), said receiving notches proximate said first pipette apertures;

said pipettor having said locking plate (136) defining pipette locking slots adapted to receive pipette tips (130), said pipette locking slots generally aligned with said first pipette apertures, said locking plate (136) moving relative to said first and second stationary plates (142, 146) to lock and unlock pipette tips (130) with respect to said locking plate assembly (140), said locking plate (144) defining pipette locking slots having a wider first end and a narrower second end such that a pipette tip (130) with a locking flange (136) is able to pass through said first end including said locking flange (136) but is unable to pass through said second end as being stopped by said locking flange (136) obstructed by said locking plate (136);

said pipettor (100) having a second stationary plate (146) defining second pipette apertures adapted to receive pipette tips (130), said second pipette apertures generally aligned with said first pipette apertures such that pipette tips (130) may pass through said first pipette apertures, said pipette locking slots, and said second pipette apertures enabling said locking plate assembly (140) to engage and disengage pipette tips (130); and

said pipettor having a locking motor (210) coupled to said chassis (112) and said locking plate assembly (140), said locking motor (210) controlling said locking plate assembly (140) to releasably lock pipette tips (130) into place; whereby

said pipette block (118) is moved relative to said chassis (112) and said locking plate assembly (140) to aspirate and expel fluid by pipette tips (130).
A pipette tip (130) having an open proximal end (132), and a tapered distal end (170), and a pipette tip axis, the pipette tip (130) comprising:
first and second external alignment taps (250) coupled to an exterior of the pipette tip (130) adjacent the open proximal end (132), said first and second external alignment taps (250) being adapted for engagement with a pipette block bore (120) with a pipette bore axis in a pipette block (118) that has a multiplicity of pipette block bores (120) such that said first and second alignment taps (250) serve to align the axis of the pipette tip (130) with the axis of the respective pipette block bore (120) of the pipette block (118) when the pipette tip is inserted with its open proximal end (132) into the pipette block bore (120) and externally engaged about said alignment taps (250) adjacent to the open proximal end (132) by said pipette block bore (120) of the pipette block (118);

a locking flange (136) coupled to the pipette tip, said locking flange (136) circumscribing the exterior of the pipette tip (130) in a spaced-apart relationship from both the open proximal end (132) and the tapered distal end (170); and

a seal (134), said seal (134) being disposed on the exterior of the pipette tip (130) between said first and second alignment taps (250) and said locking flange (136), said seal (134) circumscribing the exterior of the pipette tip (130) and being adapted to engage an interior of said pipette block bore (120) of the pipette block (118) such that said seal (134); seals the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130) and inhibits fluid flow past said seal (134) to urge said fluid flow only through the pipette tip (130) and not past said seal (134), said seal (134) preferably being configured as a sealing rib (134).
A pipette tip (130), especially for a pipetting system according to claims 1 to 30, according to Claim 31,
characterized in that the first and second external and spaced-apart alignment taps (250) are oppositely exposed at and travel outwardly from the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130).
A pipette tip (130) according to Claim 31 or 32,
characterized in that the pipette tip (130) further comprises third or third and fourth external and spaced-apart alignment taps (250) apart from said first and second external and spaced-apart alignment taps (250); and in that
said first, second, and third or said first, second, third, and fourth external and spaced-apart alignment taps (250) are equally spaced around the open proximal end (132) of the pipette tip (130).
A pipette tip (130) according to one of the Claims 31 to 33,
characterized in that the pipette tip (130) comprises three seals (134) circumscribing the exterior of the pipette tip (130) and being adapted to engage an interior of said pipette block bore (120) of the pipette block (118), the tree seals (134) preferably being configured as sealing ribs (134).
A pipette tip (130) according to one of the Claims 31 to 34,
characterized in that the external and spaced-apart alignment taps (250) have a height that is less than or equal to the circumscribing seal(s) (134).
A pipette tip (130) according to one of the Claims 31 to 35,
characterized in that said seal(s) (134) are made of the same material as the pipette tip (130).
A pipette tip (130) according to one of the Claims 31 to 36,
characterized in that the pipette tip (130) further comprises holder alignment taps (252) for holding the pipette tip (130) in a small distance above the pipette tip holder (150).