EP1495214A1 - Exhaust chamber comprising an envelope defining a gas circulation passage - Google Patents

Exhaust chamber comprising an envelope defining a gas circulation passage

Info

Publication number
EP1495214A1
EP1495214A1 EP03740579A EP03740579A EP1495214A1 EP 1495214 A1 EP1495214 A1 EP 1495214A1 EP 03740579 A EP03740579 A EP 03740579A EP 03740579 A EP03740579 A EP 03740579A EP 1495214 A1 EP1495214 A1 EP 1495214A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover piece
continuous wall
exhaust volume
wall
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03740579A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1495214B1 (en
Inventor
Laurent Colin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Original Assignee
Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS filed Critical Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Publication of EP1495214A1 publication Critical patent/EP1495214A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1495214B1 publication Critical patent/EP1495214B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1888—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/089—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using two or more expansion chambers in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
    • F01N1/20—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts having oscillating or vibrating movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/161—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general in systems with fluid flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/20—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by mechanical joints, e.g. by deforming housing, tube, baffle plate or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing

Definitions

  • Exhaust volume comprising an envelope delimiting a gas circulation passage
  • the present invention relates to an exhaust volume of the type comprising an outer envelope delimiting a gas circulation passage and comprising at least one continuous wall along which is attached at least one cover piece, the or each cover piece extending only over a reduced marked region of said continuous wall ,.
  • the exhaust silencer or any other exhaust volume fitted to the exhaust line to which the engine is connected, is a significant source of acoustic radiation generating noise pollution for the environment.
  • the external envelope of the exhaust volume is formed, over the entire external surface of the exhaust volume, by two superposed layers between which is interposed a sound insulating material such than ceramic fibers or a wire mesh.
  • the use of a laminated material to form the envelope of the exhaust pipe leads to an increase in the weight of the latter and makes its manufacture relatively complex.
  • the invention aims to provide an exhaust volume to reduce noise emissions, and whose mass is reduced.
  • the invention relates to an exhaust volume of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one frequency of excitation of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
  • the exhaust volume includes one or more of the following characteristics: - The total surface of the continuous wall covered by the or each cover piece is between 10% and 50% of the total surface of said continuous wall;
  • the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate in phase opposition;
  • the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift between 90 ° and 270 ° for at least 20% of the frequencies;
  • Said continuous wall is an essentially smooth free wall;
  • a single cover piece is attached to a continuous wall, and said marked region along which said cover piece is attached extends substantially at the center of the development of said continuous wall;
  • - Said outer envelope comprises at least two half-shells joined together according to a joint, and said cover piece is joined to the two half-shells in at least two regions of said joint; - Said cover piece is welded at least partially along its periphery to said wall;
  • Said continuous wall has a bowl in which said cover piece is confined; - It includes a damping material interposed between the wall and the cover piece; and
  • the subject of the invention is also the use, in an exhaust volume, to reduce the noise emissions produced by the exhaust volume comprising an external envelope delimiting a gas circulation passage, and comprising at least one continuous wall, at least one cover piece attached along the continuous wall, the or each cover piece extending only over a reduced region of said continuous wall, the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the piece of cover and the continuous wall being such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover part and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an exhaust silencer according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a curve showing, in a silencer according to the invention, the phase difference between a wall and an attached cover piece as a function of the frequency;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the experimental measurement installation to obtain the curve of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a silencer according to the invention.
  • - Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a silencer according to the invention.
  • - Figure 6 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a silencer according to the invention.
  • the exhaust volume shown in FIG. 1 constitutes an exhaust silencer intended to be placed in the current part of a exhaust line. It comprises an outer casing 10 delimiting a passage for circulation of the exhaust gases. It has an exhaust gas inlet tube 12 and an exhaust gas outlet tube 14.
  • the casing 12 has a generally cylindrical side wall of elliptical section formed by a ferrule 16 consisting of a single sheet wound on itself. The opposite longitudinal edges of the ferrule 16 are connected to each other by a longitudinal weld 18.
  • the ferrule 16 is closed by a transverse end wall 20, 22 commonly called “outer cup".
  • the end walls 20 and 22 are crossed, respectively, by the inlet 12 and outlet 14 tubes.
  • transverse walls 24 delimiting, along the length of the exhaust volume, several adjacent chambers. These chambers communicate with each other through suitable openings or conduits.
  • the transverse walls are generally called "interior cups”.
  • a single intermediate wall 24 is provided inside the exhaust volume.
  • the areas of the shell 16 defined between the cups form continuous walls of the exhaust volume.
  • the ranges of the cups defined between the periphery of the cup and the or each passage formed in the cup form continuous walls.
  • continuous wall designates any wall formed of a single sheet or panel without this wall being formed of two elements joined side by side.
  • these continuous walls are essentially smooth free walls.
  • the expression “essentially smooth free wall” designates any convex area of a wall of the exhaust volume which is devoid of protruding and recessed cover profiles made of material and which is not directly attached to a another element of the exhaust volume or resting on it.
  • at least one continuous wall of the exhaust volume is present.
  • the wall is free and essentially smooth.
  • the total surface covered by the or each cover piece is then between 10 and 50% of the total surface of the essentially smooth free wall.
  • the envelope 10 delimiting the gas circulation passage comprises, for example on the section of the lateral surface 16 comprised between the end wall 20 and the intermediate wall 24, two pads 26A, 26B constituting such cover parts.
  • the pellets 26A, 26B are placed side by side on the external surface of the shell 16 delimiting the side wall of the exhaust silencer.
  • the pellets 26A, 26B are arranged on the free and smooth section delimited on the ferrule 16 between the end wall 20 and the intermediate wall 24, so that the isobarycenter of the pellets 26A,
  • 26B is substantially coincident with the isobarycenter of the developed of the free and smooth section delimited on the ferrule.
  • the expression "developed" of a left wall designates the planar surface obtained by bringing the left wall along a plane.
  • Each patch 26A, 26B has for example an elliptical shape. It consists of a sheet metal plate shaped to match the shape of the ferrule 16. Each patch is welded at its periphery to the envelope of the exhaust volume. The connection between each patch 26A, 26B and the surface of the envelope is produced for example by a set of separate welds distributed at the periphery of the patch. The total area of the free section of the shell 16 covered by the pads 26A, 26B is for example substantially equal to 30% of the total area of this section.
  • cover parts 30, 32 are also joined locally against the external surface of the end walls 20 and 22.
  • These cover parts are formed of metal pellets whose surface is much smaller than the surface of the transverse walls 20, 22. These pads are welded at their periphery against the end walls, substantially at the center of the main smooth area defined by each end wall.
  • a cover piece 34 of reduced size is attached to one face of the intermediate transverse wall 24.
  • This cover piece consists, as before, of a metal patch formed in a sheet. It is welded against a surface of the intermediate wall substantially at the center of a smooth surface thereof. According to the invention, the dimensions of each cover piece 26A,
  • 26B, 30, 32, 34 and the connection between the covering part and the associated continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the covering part and the associated continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
  • this phase shift is greater than 90 ° for more than 20% of the excitation frequencies from 200 Hz to 4 kHz.
  • the dimensions of the cover piece and the conditions of connection thereof are such that, in the frequency range considered, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate in phase opposition for at least one frequency of excitation.
  • each cover piece can be welded to the continuous wall at an interior point on its surface denoted 35 for the piece 26A in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the evolution of the phase difference between the covering part and the continuous wall to which it is applied at a point considered on this surface as a function of the excitation frequency.
  • the curve R represents the phase difference measured at a point between the two points of the continuous wall in the absence of a covering piece. This curve R constitutes a reference curve.
  • Curve C represents the phase difference, measured at corresponding points in the exhaust volume, between the cover piece and the continuous wall on which the cover piece is attached.
  • This installation comprises an excitation box 36 inside which is arranged a set of sixteen speakers 37 connected to an electric excitation source 38 suitable for applying a sinusoidal excitation signal of variable frequencies to the loudspeakers. speakers 37.
  • the internal walls of the box 36 are covered with an acoustically insulating material 39.
  • One of the walls of the box arranged opposite the emission face of the loudspeakers has an opening 40 for the passage of an acoustic excitation signal .
  • the sample 41 to be tested is secured to the box 36 opposite the opening 40.
  • This sample consists of a continuous wall 41A of the silencer on which a covering piece is attached or not.
  • the cover piece 41 B is placed when it is present on the face of the sample turned away from the sixteen speakers.
  • a mechanical accelerometer 42 applied at a given point of the wall.
  • the accelerometer is connected to a device for recording and processing the signal 43.
  • a laser vibrometer 44 which is also connected to the device 43.
  • the device 43 is adapted to determine, by combination of the signals received from the sensors 42 and 44, the phase difference between the corresponding points of the continuous wall 41 A and of the covering part 41 B. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that, in the absence of a covering part, the two faces of the continuous wall vibrate with an essentially zero phase shift and less than 45 °, whatever the excitation frequency included in a range from 150 kHz to 1.2 kHz.
  • the dimensions of the covering part and its mode of connection to the continuous wall are such that, for at least one frequency, and even for many frequencies, the phase shift between the covering part and the continuous wall is greater than 90 °.
  • the cover piece and the continuous wall are in phase opposition for several frequencies.
  • the phase shift between the covering part and the continuous wall is between 90 ° and 270 ° for at least 20% of the excitation frequencies. It can be seen that, since the covering part and the continuous wall vibrate with a substantial phase shift, the effects of the vibrations of the continuous wall and of the covering part tend to cancel each other out, so that the assembly consisting of the continuous wall and of the cover piece is generally stationary, thereby reducing harmful noise emissions. Under these conditions, the cover piece provides damping of the vibrations produced by the assembly consisting of the continuous wall and the associated cover piece.
  • cover piece (s) of reduced size on the walls of the exhaust volume makes it possible to limit the noise pollution without significantly increasing the weight of the exhaust volume.
  • FIG 4 is shown another alternative embodiment of an exhaust silencer according to the invention.
  • the envelope 50 is delimited by two half-shells 52, 54 in the form of bowls joined to one another along their edges.
  • the two half-shells 52, 54 are crimped along a peripheral crimping line 56.
  • a cover piece 70 is attached locally to the external surface of the shell 52 substantially in the middle part thereof.
  • This cover piece is formed by a metal strip arranged transversely to the length of the exhaust volume.
  • the metal strip is shaped to conform to the shape of the half-shell 52 and thus apply exactly to the external surface of the latter.
  • Each end of the room cover 70 is received and set in the peripheral seal 56 formed between the half-shells 52 and 54.
  • the cover part 70 attached to the half-shell 52 in its middle part, dampens the vibrations of the half-shell.
  • the noise pollution produced during the circulation of the exhaust gases in the exhaust volume is reduced, this for a slight increase in the exhaust volume.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 two alternative embodiments of cover parts shown along a wall of an exhaust volume are shown.
  • This exhaust volume consists, as in Figure 4, of two half-shells 52, 54 crimped to one another. However, this could be formed by a ferrule wound and welded longitudinally.
  • a cover piece 80 formed of a metal plate, is received and confined within a bowl 82 formed in the wall of the exhaust volume.
  • this wall is the main surface denoted 84 of the half-shell 52.
  • the bowl 82 opens onto the external surface of the envelope of the exhaust volume. It has a flat bottom 86 against which the covering piece 80 is kept applied. The bottom 86 is offset relative to the main surface 84 of the wall towards the inside of the exhaust volume.
  • the bowl 84 has flanges 88 extending above the contour of the plate 80 forming the cover piece. These flanges 88 are formed by deformation of the wall 84. The flanges 88 ensure that the plate 80 is retained and immobilized, the latter being clamped between the flanges 88 and the bottom 86 of the bowl.
  • the covering part 80 is immobilized in all directions relative to the wall 84 while being retained in the bowl 82.
  • a bowl 82 is first formed in the wall 84 by plastic deformation thereof with a suitable tool.
  • the plate forming the cover piece 80 is then placed in the bowl 82 bearing on the bottom 86.
  • the flanges 88 are then pushed above the contour of the cover piece 80 by plastic deformation of the wall 84 using a suitable tool.
  • a cover piece 90 is attached by welding to the outer surface 92 of the half-shell 52.
  • a damping material 94 is disposed between the surface of the wall 92 and the cover piece 90.
  • This shock-absorbing material consists for example of a metal mesh or of an elastic polymeric material resistant to heat.
  • the cover piece 90 is welded at its periphery according to a continuous weld or a set of disjoint welds on the wall 92.
  • the presence of the damping material 94 disposed between the facing surfaces of the cover piece 90 and the wall 92 ensures that the cover piece and the wall are kept away from one another outside the periphery of the cover piece 90.
  • the cover piece provides vibration damping.
  • the cover piece is advantageously formed from a metal sheet or a polymer material the thickness of which is between 0.4 and 1.2 mm and preferably substantially equal to 0.6 mm. This thickness is for example substantially equal to that of the wall on which the cover piece is attached.
  • the total area of the cover piece or pieces depends on the area and the nature of the wall on which it is attached. This surface is preferably between 10 and 50% of the total surface of the free wall to which it is applied. It is advantageously between 20 and 40% of this total area. Thus, its surface is between 2 cm 2 and 2500 cm 2 for a motor vehicle exhaust volume.
  • a reduced-size cover piece can advantageously be attached to any wall of any type of exhaust volume. In particular, such a cover piece can be secured to the surface of a convergent or divergent section formed at the end of an exhaust volume containing a catalytic purification member or a particle filter.
  • a cover piece can advantageously also be attached to a continuous wall having a cover rib obtained by deformation of the wall. The cover piece is then attached for example straddling the rib.
  • the cover piece is preferably formed from polymers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The exhaust silencer comprises an external casing (10) comprising a continuous wall (16,20,22,24) along which at least one cover piece (26A,26B,30,32,34) is added. Each cover piece extends only over a marked reduced region of the wall. The dimensions of the cover pieces and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that they vibrate with a phase difference greater than 90o.

Description

Volume d'échappement comportant une enveloppe délimitant un passage de circulation des gaz Exhaust volume comprising an envelope delimiting a gas circulation passage
La présente invention concerne un volume d'échappement du type comportant une enveloppe extérieure délimitant un passage de circulation des gaz et comportant au moins une paroi continue le long de laquelle est rapportée au moins une pièce de couverture, la ou chaque pièce de couver- ture s'étendant seulement sur une région repérée réduite de ladite paroi continue,.The present invention relates to an exhaust volume of the type comprising an outer envelope delimiting a gas circulation passage and comprising at least one continuous wall along which is attached at least one cover piece, the or each cover piece extending only over a reduced marked region of said continuous wall ,.
Dans les véhicules automobiles équipés d'un moteur thermique, le silencieux d'échappement, ou tout autre volume d'échappement équipant la ligne d'échappement à laquelle est relié le moteur est une source importante de rayonnements acoustiques engendrant des nuisances sonores pour l'environnement.In motor vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine, the exhaust silencer, or any other exhaust volume fitted to the exhaust line to which the engine is connected, is a significant source of acoustic radiation generating noise pollution for the environment.
Afin de réduire les émissions acoustiques, il a été envisagé que l'enveloppe extérieure du volume d'échappement soit formée, sur toute la surface externe du volume d'échappement, par deux couches superposées en- tre lesquelles est interposé un matériau isolant phonique tel que des fibres de céramique ou un treillis métallique.In order to reduce the acoustic emissions, it has been envisaged that the external envelope of the exhaust volume is formed, over the entire external surface of the exhaust volume, by two superposed layers between which is interposed a sound insulating material such than ceramic fibers or a wire mesh.
L'utilisation d'un matériau stratifié pour former l'enveloppe du pot d'échappement conduit à une augmentation du poids de celui-ci et rend sa fabrication relativement complexe. L'invention a pour but de proposer un volume d'échappement permettant de réduire les émissions sonores, et dont la masse est réduite.The use of a laminated material to form the envelope of the exhaust pipe leads to an increase in the weight of the latter and makes its manufacture relatively complex. The invention aims to provide an exhaust volume to reduce noise emissions, and whose mass is reduced.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un volume d'échappement du type précité, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent avec un déphasage supérieur à 90°.To this end, the invention relates to an exhaust volume of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one frequency of excitation of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, le volume d'échappement comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : - la surface totale de la paroi continue recouverte par la ou chaque pièce de couverture est comprise entre 10 % et 50 % de la surface totale de ladite paroi continue ;According to particular embodiments, the exhaust volume includes one or more of the following characteristics: - The total surface of the continuous wall covered by the or each cover piece is between 10% and 50% of the total surface of said continuous wall;
- les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent en opposition de phase ;the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate in phase opposition;
- les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent avec un déphasage compris entre 90° et 270° pour au moins 20 % des fréquences ;the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift between 90 ° and 270 ° for at least 20% of the frequencies;
- ladite paroi continue est une paroi libre essentiellement lisse ; - une unique pièce de couverture est rapportée sur une paroi continue, et ladite région repérée suivant laquelle est rapportée ladite pièce de couverture s'étend sensiblement au centre de la développée de ladite paroi continue ;- Said continuous wall is an essentially smooth free wall; - A single cover piece is attached to a continuous wall, and said marked region along which said cover piece is attached extends substantially at the center of the development of said continuous wall;
- il comporte au moins deux pièces de couverture rapportées sur une paroi continue, et le barycentre des pièces de couverture se situe sensiblement au centre de la développée de ladite surface continue ;- It comprises at least two cover pieces attached to a continuous wall, and the barycenter of the cover pieces is located substantially at the center of the development of said continuous surface;
- il comporte une paroi transversale disposée à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe et délimitant dans celle-ci deux chambres adjacentes, et ladite pièce de couverture est rapportée le long de ladite paroi transversale ; - ladite pièce de couverture est rapportée le long de ladite enveloppe extérieure ;- It comprises a transverse wall disposed inside said envelope and delimiting therein two adjacent chambers, and said cover piece is attached along said transverse wall; - Said cover piece is attached along said outer envelope;
- ladite enveloppe extérieure comporte au moins deux demi-coquilles solidarisées suivant un joint, et ladite pièce de couverture est solidarisée aux deux demi-coquilles dans au moins deux régions dudit joint ; - ladite pièce de couverture est soudée au moins partiellement suivant sa périphérie à ladite paroi ;- Said outer envelope comprises at least two half-shells joined together according to a joint, and said cover piece is joined to the two half-shells in at least two regions of said joint; - Said cover piece is welded at least partially along its periphery to said wall;
- ladite paroi continue présente une cuvette dans laquelle est confinée ladite pièce de couverture ; - il comporte un matériau amortisseur interposé entre la paroi et la pièce de couverture ; et- Said continuous wall has a bowl in which said cover piece is confined; - It includes a damping material interposed between the wall and the cover piece; and
- ladite pièce de couverture est accolée sur l'essentiel de sa surface contre ladite paroi continue. L'invention a également pour objet l'utilisation, dans un volume d'échappement, pour réduire les émissions sonores produites par le volume d'échappement comportant une enveloppe extérieure délimitant un passage de circulation des gaz, et comportant au moins une paroi continue, d'au moins une pièce de couverture rapportée le long de la paroi continue, la ou chaque pièce de couverture s'étendant seulement sur une région repérée réduite de ladite paroi continue, les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue étant telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vi- brent avec un déphasage supérieur à 90°.- Said cover piece is contiguous over most of its surface against said continuous wall. The subject of the invention is also the use, in an exhaust volume, to reduce the noise emissions produced by the exhaust volume comprising an external envelope delimiting a gas circulation passage, and comprising at least one continuous wall, at least one cover piece attached along the continuous wall, the or each cover piece extending only over a reduced region of said continuous wall, the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the piece of cover and the continuous wall being such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover part and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels :The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique et en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un silencieux d'échappement selon l'invention ;- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an exhaust silencer according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une courbe montrant, dans un silencieux selon l'invention, la différence de phase entre une paroi et une pièce de couverture rapportée en fonction de la fréquence ;- Figure 2 is a curve showing, in a silencer according to the invention, the phase difference between a wall and an attached cover piece as a function of the frequency;
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique de l'installation expérimentale de mesure permettant d'obtenir la courbe de la figure 2 ;- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the experimental measurement installation to obtain the curve of Figure 2;
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un silencieux selon l'invention ;- Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a silencer according to the invention;
- la figure 5 est une vue en section transversale d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un silencieux selon l'invention ; et - la figure 6 est une vue en section d'un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un silencieux selon l'invention.- Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a silencer according to the invention; and - Figure 6 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a silencer according to the invention.
Le volume d'échappement représenté sur la figure 1 constitue un silencieux d'échappement destiné à être disposé dans la partie courante d'une ligne d'échappement. Il comporte une enveloppe extérieure 10 délimitant un passage de circulation des gaz d'échappement. Il présente un tube 12 d'entrée des gaz d'échappement et un tube 14 de sortie des gaz d'échappement. L'enveloppe 12 présente une paroi latérale généralement cylindrique de section elliptique formée par une virole 16 constituée d'une simple tôle enroulée sur elle-même. Les bords longitudinaux opposés de la virole 16 sont reliés l'un à l'autre par une soudure longitudinale 18.The exhaust volume shown in FIG. 1 constitutes an exhaust silencer intended to be placed in the current part of a exhaust line. It comprises an outer casing 10 delimiting a passage for circulation of the exhaust gases. It has an exhaust gas inlet tube 12 and an exhaust gas outlet tube 14. The casing 12 has a generally cylindrical side wall of elliptical section formed by a ferrule 16 consisting of a single sheet wound on itself. The opposite longitudinal edges of the ferrule 16 are connected to each other by a longitudinal weld 18.
A chaque extrémité, la virole 16 est obturée par une paroi d'extrémité transversale 20, 22 couramment appelée "coupelle extérieure". Les parois d'extrémité 20 et 22 sont traversées, respectivement, par les tubes d'entrée 12 et de sortie 14.At each end, the ferrule 16 is closed by a transverse end wall 20, 22 commonly called "outer cup". The end walls 20 and 22 are crossed, respectively, by the inlet 12 and outlet 14 tubes.
En outre, à l'intérieur du passage de circulation des gaz délimité par l'enveloppe 10, s'étendent une ou plusieurs parois transversales intermédiaires 24 délimitant, suivant la longueur du volume d'échappement, plusieurs chambres adjacentes. Ces chambres communiquent les unes avec les autres par des ouvertures ou des conduits adaptés. Les parois transversales sont généralement appelées "coupelles intérieures".In addition, inside the gas circulation passage delimited by the casing 10, extend one or more intermediate transverse walls 24 delimiting, along the length of the exhaust volume, several adjacent chambers. These chambers communicate with each other through suitable openings or conduits. The transverse walls are generally called "interior cups".
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, une unique paroi intermédiaire 24 est prévue à l'intérieur du volume d'échappement. Les plages de la virole 16 définies entre les coupelles forment des parois continues du volume d'échappement. De même, les plages des coupelles définies entre la périphérie de la coupelle et le ou chaque passage ménagé dans la coupelle forment des parois continues.In the embodiment shown, a single intermediate wall 24 is provided inside the exhaust volume. The areas of the shell 16 defined between the cups form continuous walls of the exhaust volume. Likewise, the ranges of the cups defined between the periphery of the cup and the or each passage formed in the cup form continuous walls.
L'expression "paroi continue" désigne toute paroi formée d'une unique feuille ou panneau sans que cette paroi soit formée de deux éléments accolés côte à côte.The expression “continuous wall” designates any wall formed of a single sheet or panel without this wall being formed of two elements joined side by side.
Avantageusement, ces parois continues sont des parois libres essentiellement lisses.Advantageously, these continuous walls are essentially smooth free walls.
Plus généralement, l'expression "paroi libre essentiellement lisse" désigne toute plage convexe d'une paroi du volume d'échappement qui est dépourvue de profils de couverture en saillie et en creux venus de matière et qui n'est pas solidarisée directement à un autre élément du volume d'échappement ou en appui sur celui-ci. Afin de réduire les nuisances sonores dues à la circulation des gaz d'échappement au travers du volume d'échappement et aux vibrations du moteur qui se propagent le long de la ligne d'échappement, au moins une paroi continue du volume d'échappement présente au moins une pièce de couverture rapportée, la ou chaque pièce étant accolée contre cette paroi, seulement dans une région repérée de la paroi, la surface totale de la paroi recouverte par la ou chaque pièce de couverture étant comprise entre 10 et 50 % de la surface totale de ladite paroi continue.More generally, the expression “essentially smooth free wall” designates any convex area of a wall of the exhaust volume which is devoid of protruding and recessed cover profiles made of material and which is not directly attached to a another element of the exhaust volume or resting on it. In order to reduce the noise pollution due to the circulation of the exhaust gases through the exhaust volume and to the vibrations of the engine which propagate along the exhaust line, at least one continuous wall of the exhaust volume is present. at least one added cover piece, the or each piece being contiguous against this wall, only in a marked region of the wall, the total surface of the wall covered by the or each cover piece being between 10 and 50% of the total surface of said continuous wall.
Avantageusement, la paroi est libre et essentiellement lisse. La sur- face totale recouverte par la ou chaque pièce de couverture est alors comprise entre 10 et 50 % de la surface totale de la paroi libre essentiellement lisse.Advantageously, the wall is free and essentially smooth. The total surface covered by the or each cover piece is then between 10 and 50% of the total surface of the essentially smooth free wall.
L'enveloppe 10 délimitant le passage de circulation des gaz comporte, par exemple sur le tronçon de la surface latérale 16 compris entre la paroi d'extrémité 20 et la paroi intermédiaire 24, deux pastilles 26A, 26B constituant de telles pièces de couverture. Les pastilles 26A, 26B sont accolées sur la surface externe de la virole 16 délimitant la paroi latérale du silencieux d'échappement.The envelope 10 delimiting the gas circulation passage comprises, for example on the section of the lateral surface 16 comprised between the end wall 20 and the intermediate wall 24, two pads 26A, 26B constituting such cover parts. The pellets 26A, 26B are placed side by side on the external surface of the shell 16 delimiting the side wall of the exhaust silencer.
Avantageusement, les pastilles 26A, 26B sont disposées sur le tron- çon libre et lisse délimité sur la virole 16 entre la paroi d'extrémité 20 et la paroi intermédiaire 24, de telle sorte que l'isobarycentre des pastilles 26A,Advantageously, the pellets 26A, 26B are arranged on the free and smooth section delimited on the ferrule 16 between the end wall 20 and the intermediate wall 24, so that the isobarycenter of the pellets 26A,
26B soit sensiblement confondu avec l'isobarycentre de la développée du tronçon libre et lisse délimité sur la virole.26B is substantially coincident with the isobarycenter of the developed of the free and smooth section delimited on the ferrule.
L'expression "développée" d'une paroi gauche désigne la surface plane obtenue en ramenant la paroi gauche suivant un plan.The expression "developed" of a left wall designates the planar surface obtained by bringing the left wall along a plane.
Chaque pastille 26A, 26B a par exemple une forme elliptique. Elle est constituée d'une plaque de tôle conformée pour épouser la forme de la virole 16. Chaque pastille est soudée à sa périphérie sur l'enveloppe du volume d'échappement. La liaison entre chaque pastille 26A, 26B et la surface de l'enveloppe est réalisée par exemple par un ensemble de soudures disjointes réparties à la périphérie de la pastille. La surface totale du tronçon libre de la virole 16 recouverte par les pastilles 26A, 26B est par exemple sensiblement égale à 30 % de la surface totale de ce tronçon.Each patch 26A, 26B has for example an elliptical shape. It consists of a sheet metal plate shaped to match the shape of the ferrule 16. Each patch is welded at its periphery to the envelope of the exhaust volume. The connection between each patch 26A, 26B and the surface of the envelope is produced for example by a set of separate welds distributed at the periphery of the patch. The total area of the free section of the shell 16 covered by the pads 26A, 26B is for example substantially equal to 30% of the total area of this section.
En outre, des pièces de couverture 30, 32 sont également accolées localement contre la surface externe des parois d'extrémité 20 et 22. Ces pièces de couverture sont formées de pastilles métalliques dont la surface est très inférieure à la surface des parois transversales 20, 22. Ces pastilles sont soudées à leur périphérie contre les parois d'extrémité, sensiblement au centre de la plage lisse principale définie par chaque paroi d'extrémité. De même, une pièce de couverture 34 de taille réduite est rapportée sur une face de la paroi transversale intermédiaire 24. Cette pièce de couverture est constituée, comme précédemment, d'une pastille métallique formée dans une tôle. Elle est soudée contre une surface de la paroi intermédiaire sensiblement au centre d'une surface lisse de celle-ci. Selon l'invention, les dimensions de chaque pièce de couverture 26A,In addition, cover parts 30, 32 are also joined locally against the external surface of the end walls 20 and 22. These cover parts are formed of metal pellets whose surface is much smaller than the surface of the transverse walls 20, 22. These pads are welded at their periphery against the end walls, substantially at the center of the main smooth area defined by each end wall. Similarly, a cover piece 34 of reduced size is attached to one face of the intermediate transverse wall 24. This cover piece consists, as before, of a metal patch formed in a sheet. It is welded against a surface of the intermediate wall substantially at the center of a smooth surface thereof. According to the invention, the dimensions of each cover piece 26A,
26B, 30, 32, 34 et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue associée sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue associée vibrent avec un déphasage supérieur à 90°. De préférence, ce déphasage est supérieur à 90° pour plus de 20% des fréquences d'excitation de 200 Hz à 4 kHz.26B, 30, 32, 34 and the connection between the covering part and the associated continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the covering part and the associated continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °. Preferably, this phase shift is greater than 90 ° for more than 20% of the excitation frequencies from 200 Hz to 4 kHz.
En particulier, les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et les conditions de liaison de celle-ci sont telles que, dans la plage de fréquences considérée, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent en opposition de phases pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation.In particular, the dimensions of the cover piece and the conditions of connection thereof are such that, in the frequency range considered, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate in phase opposition for at least one frequency of excitation.
Pour satisfaire les contraintes évoquées ci-dessus, chaque pièce de couverture peut être soudée à la paroi continue en un point intérieur de sa surface noté 35 pour la pièce 26A sur la figure 1.To satisfy the constraints mentioned above, each cover piece can be welded to the continuous wall at an interior point on its surface denoted 35 for the piece 26A in FIG. 1.
Sur la figure 2 est illustrée l'évolution de la différence de phases entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sur laquelle elle est appliquée en un point considéré de cette surface en fonction de la fréquence d'excitation. Sur cette figure, la courbe R représente la différence de phases mesurée en un point entre les deux points de la paroi continue en l'absence de pièce de couverture. Cette courbe R constitue une courbe de référence.FIG. 2 illustrates the evolution of the phase difference between the covering part and the continuous wall to which it is applied at a point considered on this surface as a function of the excitation frequency. In this figure, the curve R represents the phase difference measured at a point between the two points of the continuous wall in the absence of a covering piece. This curve R constitutes a reference curve.
La courbe C représente la différence de phases, mesurée en des points correspondants du volume d'échappement, entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sur laquelle la pièce de couverture est rapportée.Curve C represents the phase difference, measured at corresponding points in the exhaust volume, between the cover piece and the continuous wall on which the cover piece is attached.
Les courbes de la figure 2 ont été obtenues avec l'installation expérimentale illustrée sur la figure 3.The curves in Figure 2 were obtained with the experimental setup illustrated in Figure 3.
Cette installation comporte un caisson d'excitation 36 à l'intérieur du- quel est disposé un ensemble de seize hauts-parleurs 37 reliés à une source électrique d'excitation 38 propre à appliquer un signal d'excitation sinusoïdal de fréquences variables aux hauts-parleurs 37.This installation comprises an excitation box 36 inside which is arranged a set of sixteen speakers 37 connected to an electric excitation source 38 suitable for applying a sinusoidal excitation signal of variable frequencies to the loudspeakers. speakers 37.
Les parois internes du caisson 36 sont recouvertes d'un matériau acoustiquement isolant 39. L'une des parois du caisson disposée en regard de la face d'émission des hauts-parleurs présente une ouverture 40 de passage d'un signal acoustique d'excitation. L'échantillon 41 à tester est solidarisé au caisson 36 en regard de l'ouverture 40. Cet échantillon est constitué d'une paroi continue 41A du silencieux sur laquelle est rapportée ou non une pièce de couverture. La pièce de couverture 41 B est placée lorsqu'elle est présente sur la face de l'échantillon tournée à l'opposé des seize hauts-parleurs.The internal walls of the box 36 are covered with an acoustically insulating material 39. One of the walls of the box arranged opposite the emission face of the loudspeakers has an opening 40 for the passage of an acoustic excitation signal . The sample 41 to be tested is secured to the box 36 opposite the opening 40. This sample consists of a continuous wall 41A of the silencer on which a covering piece is attached or not. The cover piece 41 B is placed when it is present on the face of the sample turned away from the sixteen speakers.
Au-dessous de la paroi continue 41 A, du côté des hauts-parleurs 37, est disposé un accéléromètre mécanique 42 appliqué en un point donné de la paroi. L'accéléromètre est relié à un dispositif d'enregistrement et de trai- tement du signal 43. Au point correspondant de la pièce de couverture 41 A est appliqué un vibromètre laser 44 lui aussi relié au dispositif 43.Below the continuous wall 41 A, on the side of the loudspeakers 37, is arranged a mechanical accelerometer 42 applied at a given point of the wall. The accelerometer is connected to a device for recording and processing the signal 43. At the corresponding point of the covering piece 41 A is applied a laser vibrometer 44 which is also connected to the device 43.
Le dispositif 43 est adapté pour déterminer, par combinaison des signaux reçus des capteurs 42 et 44, la différence de phases entre les points correspondants de la paroi continue 41 A et de la pièce de couverture 41 B. On constate sur la figure 2 que, en l'absence de pièce de couverture, les deux faces de la paroi continue vibrent avec un déphasage essentiellement nul et inférieur à 45°, quelle que soit la fréquence d'excitation comprise dans une plage de 150 kHz à 1 ,2 kHz. Selon l'invention, les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et son mode de liaison à la paroi continue sont tels que, pour au moins une fréquence, et même pour de nombreuses fréquences, le déphasage entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue est supérieur à 90°. En particulier, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sont en opposition de phases pour plusieurs fréquences.The device 43 is adapted to determine, by combination of the signals received from the sensors 42 and 44, the phase difference between the corresponding points of the continuous wall 41 A and of the covering part 41 B. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that, in the absence of a covering part, the two faces of the continuous wall vibrate with an essentially zero phase shift and less than 45 °, whatever the excitation frequency included in a range from 150 kHz to 1.2 kHz. According to the invention, the dimensions of the covering part and its mode of connection to the continuous wall are such that, for at least one frequency, and even for many frequencies, the phase shift between the covering part and the continuous wall is greater than 90 °. In particular, the cover piece and the continuous wall are in phase opposition for several frequencies.
De manière avantageuse, le déphasage entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue est compris entre 90° et 270° pour au moins 20 % des fréquences d'excitation. On conçoit que, dans la mesure où la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent avec un déphasage substantiel, les effets des vibrations de la paroi continue et de la pièce de couverture tendent à s'annuler, de sorte que l'ensemble constitué de la paroi continue et de la pièce de couverture est globalement immobile, réduisant ainsi les émissions sonores nuisibles. Dans ces conditions, la pièce de couverture assure un amortissement des vibrations produites par l'ensemble constitué de la paroi continue et de la pièce de couverture associée.Advantageously, the phase shift between the covering part and the continuous wall is between 90 ° and 270 ° for at least 20% of the excitation frequencies. It can be seen that, since the covering part and the continuous wall vibrate with a substantial phase shift, the effects of the vibrations of the continuous wall and of the covering part tend to cancel each other out, so that the assembly consisting of the continuous wall and of the cover piece is generally stationary, thereby reducing harmful noise emissions. Under these conditions, the cover piece provides damping of the vibrations produced by the assembly consisting of the continuous wall and the associated cover piece.
La présence de la ou des pièces de couverture de taille réduite sur les parois du volume d'échappement permet de limiter les nuisances sono- res sans augmenter de manière importante le poids du volume d'échappement.The presence of the cover piece (s) of reduced size on the walls of the exhaust volume makes it possible to limit the noise pollution without significantly increasing the weight of the exhaust volume.
Sur la figure 4 est représentée une autre variante de réalisation d'un silencieux d'échappement selon l'invention. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'enveloppe 50 est délimitée par deux demi-coquilles 52, 54 en forme de cuvettes accolées l'une à l'autre suivant leurs bords. Les deux demi- coquilles 52, 54 sont serties suivant une ligne de sertissage périphérique 56. Une pièce de couverture 70 est accolée localement sur la surface externe de la coque 52 sensiblement dans la partie médiane de celle-ci. Cette pièce de couverture est formée d'une bande métallique disposée transversa- lement à la longueur du volume d'échappement. La bande métallique est conformée pour épouser la forme de la demi-coquille 52 et ainsi s'appliquer exactement sur la surface externe de celle-ci. Chaque extrémité de la pièce de couverture 70 est reçue et sertie dans le joint périphérique 56 formé entre les demi-coquilles 52 et 54.In Figure 4 is shown another alternative embodiment of an exhaust silencer according to the invention. In this embodiment, the envelope 50 is delimited by two half-shells 52, 54 in the form of bowls joined to one another along their edges. The two half-shells 52, 54 are crimped along a peripheral crimping line 56. A cover piece 70 is attached locally to the external surface of the shell 52 substantially in the middle part thereof. This cover piece is formed by a metal strip arranged transversely to the length of the exhaust volume. The metal strip is shaped to conform to the shape of the half-shell 52 and thus apply exactly to the external surface of the latter. Each end of the room cover 70 is received and set in the peripheral seal 56 formed between the half-shells 52 and 54.
On conçoit que dans ce mode de réalisation également, la pièce de couverture 70, accolée à la demi-coquille 52 dans sa partie médiane, amortit les vibrations de la demi-coquille. Ainsi, les nuisances sonores produites lors de la circulation des gaz d'échappement dans le volume d'échappement sont réduites, ceci pour un faible alourdissement du volume d'échappement.It is understood that in this embodiment also, the cover part 70, attached to the half-shell 52 in its middle part, dampens the vibrations of the half-shell. Thus, the noise pollution produced during the circulation of the exhaust gases in the exhaust volume is reduced, this for a slight increase in the exhaust volume.
Sur les figures 5 et 6, sont représentées deux variantes de réalisation de pièces de couverture rapportées le long d'une paroi d'un volume d'échappement. Ce volume d'échappement est constitué, comme sur la figure 4, de deux demi-coquilles 52, 54 serties l'une à l'autre. Toutefois, celui- ci pourrait être formé d'une virole enroulée et soudée longitudinalement.In FIGS. 5 and 6, two alternative embodiments of cover parts shown along a wall of an exhaust volume are shown. This exhaust volume consists, as in Figure 4, of two half-shells 52, 54 crimped to one another. However, this could be formed by a ferrule wound and welded longitudinally.
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, une pièce de couverture 80, formée d'une plaque métallique, est reçue et confinée à l'intérieur d'une cuvette 82 formée dans la paroi du volume d'échappement. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, cette paroi est la surface principale notée 84 de la demi-coquille 52. La cuvette 82 s'ouvre sur la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe du volume d'échappement. Elle présente un fond plat 86 contre lequel est maintenue appliquée la pièce de couverture 80. Le fond 86 est déporté par rapport à la surface principale 84 de la paroi vers l'intérieur du volume d'échappement.In the embodiment of Figure 5, a cover piece 80, formed of a metal plate, is received and confined within a bowl 82 formed in the wall of the exhaust volume. In the illustrated embodiment, this wall is the main surface denoted 84 of the half-shell 52. The bowl 82 opens onto the external surface of the envelope of the exhaust volume. It has a flat bottom 86 against which the covering piece 80 is kept applied. The bottom 86 is offset relative to the main surface 84 of the wall towards the inside of the exhaust volume.
A sa périphérie, la cuvette 84 présente des rebord 88 s'étendant au- dessus du contour de la plaque 80 formant la pièce de couverture. Ces rebords 88 sont formés par déformation de la paroi 84. Les rebords 88 assu- rent une retenue et l'immobilisation de la plaque 80, celle-ci étant enserrée entre les rebords 88 et le fond 86 de la cuvette.At its periphery, the bowl 84 has flanges 88 extending above the contour of the plate 80 forming the cover piece. These flanges 88 are formed by deformation of the wall 84. The flanges 88 ensure that the plate 80 is retained and immobilized, the latter being clamped between the flanges 88 and the bottom 86 of the bowl.
Ainsi, la pièce de couverture 80 est immobilisée dans toutes les directions par rapport à la paroi 84 en étant retenue dans la cuvette 82.Thus, the covering part 80 is immobilized in all directions relative to the wall 84 while being retained in the bowl 82.
Pour la fabrication de la demi-coquille 52, une cuvette 82 est d'abord formée dans la paroi 84 par déformation plastique de celle-ci avec un outil adapté. La plaque formant la pièce de couverture 80 est alors mise en place dans la cuvette 82 en appui sur le fond 86. Les rebords 88 sont ensuite re- poussés au-dessus du contour de la pièce de couverture 80 par déformation plastique de la paroi 84 à l'aide d'un outil adapté.For the manufacture of the half-shell 52, a bowl 82 is first formed in the wall 84 by plastic deformation thereof with a suitable tool. The plate forming the cover piece 80 is then placed in the bowl 82 bearing on the bottom 86. The flanges 88 are then pushed above the contour of the cover piece 80 by plastic deformation of the wall 84 using a suitable tool.
Dans ce mode de réalisation également, on conçoit que la présence de la pièce de couverture 80, solidarisée par encastrement à la paroi 84, amortit les vibrations et réduit ainsi les nuisances sonores.Also in this embodiment, it is understood that the presence of the cover piece 80, secured by embedding to the wall 84, dampens the vibrations and thus reduces noise pollution.
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 6, une pièce de couverture 90 est rapportée par soudage sur la surface extérieure 92 de la demi- coquille 52. Dans ce mode de réalisation, un matériau amortisseur 94 est disposé entre la surface de la paroi 92 et la pièce 90 de couverture. Ce ma- tériau amortisseur est constitué par exemple d'un treillis métallique ou d'un matériau polymère élastique résistant à la chaleur.In the embodiment of Figure 6, a cover piece 90 is attached by welding to the outer surface 92 of the half-shell 52. In this embodiment, a damping material 94 is disposed between the surface of the wall 92 and the cover piece 90. This shock-absorbing material consists for example of a metal mesh or of an elastic polymeric material resistant to heat.
La pièce de couverture 90 est soudée à sa périphérie suivant une soudure continue ou un ensemble de soudures disjointes sur la paroi 92.The cover piece 90 is welded at its periphery according to a continuous weld or a set of disjoint welds on the wall 92.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, la présence du matériau amortisseur 94 disposé entre les surfaces en regard de la pièce de couverture 90 et la paroi 92 assure que la pièce de couverture et la paroi soient maintenues à l'écart l'une de l'autre en dehors de la périphérie de la pièce de couverture 90.In this embodiment, the presence of the damping material 94 disposed between the facing surfaces of the cover piece 90 and the wall 92 ensures that the cover piece and the wall are kept away from one another outside the periphery of the cover piece 90.
Ainsi, les frottements entre la pièce de couverture 90 et la paroi 92 sont supprimés, réduisant ainsi les risques de corrosion et d'usure dans les régions en contact de ces deux pièces.Thus, the friction between the cover part 90 and the wall 92 is eliminated, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion and wear in the regions in contact with these two parts.
Dans ce mode de réalisation également, la pièce de couverture assure un amortissement des vibrations.Also in this embodiment, the cover piece provides vibration damping.
Quelque soit le mode de réalisation, la pièce de couverture est avantageusement formée dans une tôle métallique ou un matériau polymère dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 0,4 et 1 ,2 mm et de préférence sensiblement égale à 0,6 mm. Cette épaisseur est par exemple sensiblement égale à celle de la paroi sur laquelle la pièce de couverture est rapportée.Whatever the embodiment, the cover piece is advantageously formed from a metal sheet or a polymer material the thickness of which is between 0.4 and 1.2 mm and preferably substantially equal to 0.6 mm. This thickness is for example substantially equal to that of the wall on which the cover piece is attached.
La surface totale de la ou des pièces de couverture dépend de la surface et de la nature de la paroi sur laquelle elle est rapportée. Cette surface est de préférence comprise entre 10 et 50 % de la surface totale de la paroi libre sur laquelle elle est appliquée. Elle est avantageusement comprise entre 20 et 40 % de cette surface totale. Ainsi, sa surface est comprise entre 2 cm2 et 2500 cm2 pour un volume d'échappement de véhicule automobile. Une pièce de couverture de taille réduite peut avantageusement être rapportée sur toute paroi de tout type de volume d'échappement. En particulier, une telle pièce de couverture peut être solidarisée sur la surface d'un tronçon convergent ou divergent ménagé à l'extrémité d'un volume d'échap- pement renfermant un organe de purification catalytique ou un filtre à particules.The total area of the cover piece or pieces depends on the area and the nature of the wall on which it is attached. This surface is preferably between 10 and 50% of the total surface of the free wall to which it is applied. It is advantageously between 20 and 40% of this total area. Thus, its surface is between 2 cm 2 and 2500 cm 2 for a motor vehicle exhaust volume. A reduced-size cover piece can advantageously be attached to any wall of any type of exhaust volume. In particular, such a cover piece can be secured to the surface of a convergent or divergent section formed at the end of an exhaust volume containing a catalytic purification member or a particle filter.
Une pièce de couverture peut avantageusement être également rapportée sur une paroi continue présentant une nervure de couverture obtenue par déformation de la paroi. La pièce de couverture est alors rapportée par exemple à cheval sur la nervure. Dans ce cas, la pièce de couverture est de préférence formée en polymères. A cover piece can advantageously also be attached to a continuous wall having a cover rib obtained by deformation of the wall. The cover piece is then attached for example straddling the rib. In this case, the cover piece is preferably formed from polymers.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Volume d'échappement comportant une enveloppe extérieure (10 ; 50) délimitant un passage de circulation des gaz, et comportant au moins une paroi continue (16, 20, 22, 24 ; 52 ; 84 ; 92) le long de laquelle est rap- portée au moins une pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90), la ou chaque pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90) s'étendant seulement sur une région repérée réduite de ladite paroi continue, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions de la pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90), et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent avec un déphasage supérieur à 90°.CLAIMS 1.- Exhaust volume comprising an external envelope (10; 50) delimiting a gas circulation passage, and comprising at least one continuous wall (16, 20, 22, 24; 52; 84; 92) along which is attached at least one cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80; 90), the or each cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80; 90) extending only over a reduced marked region of said continuous wall, characterized in that the dimensions of the covering part (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80; 90), and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
2.- Volume d'échappement selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la surface totale de la paroi continue (16, 20, 22, 24 ; 52 ; 84 ; 92) re- couverte par la ou chaque pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90) est comprise entre 10 % et 50 % de la surface totale de ladite paroi continue (16, 20, 22, 24 ; 52 ; 84 ; 92).2.- exhaust volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the total surface of the continuous wall (16, 20, 22, 24; 52; 84; 92) covered by the or each cover piece (26A , 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80; 90) is between 10% and 50% of the total surface of said continuous wall (16, 20, 22, 24; 52; 84; 92).
3.- Volume d'échappement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions de la pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90) et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90) et la paroi continue (16, 20, 22, 24 ; 52 ; 84 ; 92) sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vibrent en opposition de phase. 3.- exhaust volume according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dimensions of the cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80; 90) and the connection between the cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80; 90) and the continuous wall (16, 20, 22, 24; 52; 84; 92) are such that, for at least one excitation frequency of the volume exhaust between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate in phase opposition.
4.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue sont telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vi- brent avec un déphasage compris entre 90° et 270° pour au moins 20 % des fréquences. 4.- exhaust volume according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall are such that, for at least one frequency of excitation of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift between 90 ° and 270 ° for at least 20% of the frequencies.
5.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite paroi continue est une paroi libre essentiellement lisse (16, 20, 22, 24 ; 52 ; 84 ; 92).5.- exhaust volume according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said continuous wall is an essentially smooth free wall (16, 20, 22, 24; 52; 84; 92).
6.- Volume d'échappement selon l'un quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une unique pièce (30, 32, 34 ; 70) de couverture est rapportée sur une paroi continue (20, 22, 24 ; 52), et en ce que ladite région repérée suivant laquelle est rapportée ladite pièce de couverture (30, 32, 34 ; 70) s'étend sensiblement au centre de la développée de ladite paroi continue (20, 22, 24 ; 52). .- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications6.- exhaust volume according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a single piece (30, 32, 34; 70) of cover is attached to a continuous wall (20, 22, 24; 52) , and in that said marked region along which said cover piece is attached (30, 32, 34; 70) extends substantially at the center of the projection of said continuous wall (20, 22, 24; 52). .- Exhaust volume according to any one of the claims
1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux pièces de couverture (26A, 26B) rapportées sur une paroi continue (16), et en ce que le barycen- tre des pièces de couverture (26A, 26B) se situe sensiblement au centre de la développée de ladite surface continue (16). 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises at least two cover pieces (26A, 26B) attached to a continuous wall (16), and in that the barycenter of the cover pieces (26A, 26B) is located substantially at the center of the development of said continuous surface (16).
8.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une paroi transversale (24) disposée à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe (10) et délimitant dans celle-ci deux chambres adjacentes, et en ce que ladite pièce de couverture (34) est rapportée le long de ladite paroi transversale (24). 8.- exhaust volume according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a transverse wall (24) disposed inside said envelope (10) and delimiting therein two adjacent chambers, and in that said cover piece (34) is attached along said transverse wall (24).
9.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications9.- exhaust volume according to any one of the claims
1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32 ; 70 ; 80 ; 90) est rapportée le long de ladite enveloppe extérieure (10 ; 50).1 to 7, characterized in that said cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32; 70; 80; 90) is attached along said outer envelope (10; 50).
10.- Volume d'échappement selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite enveloppe extérieure (50) comporte au moins deux demi- coquilles (52, 54) solidarisées suivant un joint (56), et en ce que ladite pièce de couverture (70) est solidarisée aux deux demi-coquilles (52, 54) dans au moins deux régions dudit joint (56).10.- exhaust volume according to claim 9, characterized in that said outer casing (50) comprises at least two half-shells (52, 54) secured according to a seal (56), and in that said cover piece (70) is secured to the two half-shells (52, 54) in at least two regions of said seal (56).
11.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 90) est soudée au moins partiellement suivant sa périphérie à ladite paroi. 11.- exhaust volume according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 90) is welded at least partially along its periphery to said wall .
12.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite paroi continue (84) présente une cuvette (82) dans laquelle est confinée ladite pièce de couverture (80).12.- exhaust volume according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said continuous wall (84) has a bowl (82) in which is confined said cover piece (80).
13.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendica- tions précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un matériau amortisseur (94) interposé entre la paroi (92) et la pièce de couverture (90).13.- Exhaust volume according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a damping material (94) interposed between the wall (92) and the cover part (90).
14.- Volume d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce de couverture (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34 ; 70 ; 80) est accolée sur l'essentiel de sa surface contre ladite paroi continue (16, 20, 22, 24 ; 52 ; 84).14.- exhaust volume according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said cover piece (26A, 26B, 30, 32, 34; 70; 80) is contiguous over most of its surface against said continuous wall (16, 20, 22, 24; 52; 84).
15.- Utilisation pour la réduction des émissions sonores d'un volume d'échappement comportant une enveloppe extérieure délimitant un passage de circulation des gaz, et comportant au moins une paroi continue, d'au moins une pièce de couverture rapportée le long de la paroi continue, la ou chaque pièce de couverture s'étendant seulement sur une région repérée réduite de ladite paroi continue, les dimensions de la pièce de couverture et la liaison entre la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue étant telles que, pour au moins une fréquence d'excitation du volume d'échappement comprise entre 200 Hz et 4 kHz, la pièce de couverture et la paroi continue vi- brent avec un déphasage supérieur à 90°.15.- Use for the reduction of noise emissions of an exhaust volume comprising an external envelope delimiting a passage for the circulation of gases, and comprising at least one continuous wall, of at least one piece of cover added along the continuous wall, the or each cover piece extending only over a reduced region of said continuous wall, the dimensions of the cover piece and the connection between the cover piece and the continuous wall being such that, for at least one frequency of excitation of the exhaust volume between 200 Hz and 4 kHz, the cover piece and the continuous wall vibrate with a phase shift greater than 90 °.
16.- Utilisation selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que la surface totale de la paroi continue recouverte par la ou chaque pièce de couverture est comprise entre 10 % et 50 % de la surface totale de ladite paroi continue. 16.- Use according to claim 15, characterized in that the total surface of the continuous wall covered by the or each cover piece is between 10% and 50% of the total surface of said continuous wall.
EP03740579A 2002-04-12 2003-04-08 Exhaust chamber comprising an envelope defining a gas circulation passage Expired - Lifetime EP1495214B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0204640A FR2838476B1 (en) 2002-04-12 2002-04-12 EXHAUST VOLUME HAVING AN ENVELOPE DELIMITATING A GAS CIRCULATION PASSAGE
FR0204640 2002-04-12
PCT/FR2003/001106 WO2003087547A1 (en) 2002-04-12 2003-04-08 Exhaust chamber comprising an envelope defining a gas circulation passage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1495214A1 true EP1495214A1 (en) 2005-01-12
EP1495214B1 EP1495214B1 (en) 2006-03-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03740579A Expired - Lifetime EP1495214B1 (en) 2002-04-12 2003-04-08 Exhaust chamber comprising an envelope defining a gas circulation passage

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US (1) US20050205352A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1495214B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE321194T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003262170A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60304187T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2838476B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003087547A1 (en)

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US20070157598A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-07-12 Gagov Atanas Plastic components formed from 3D blow molding
US9267407B2 (en) * 2012-07-11 2016-02-23 South Dakota Board Of Regents Exhaust system air filtration housing
EP2956638B1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2018-11-28 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, USA, LLC Vehicle exhaust system with resonance damping
JP6517566B2 (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-05-22 伊藤超短波株式会社 Medical suction device
EP3085908A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2016-10-26 Faurecia Systèmes d'Echappement Exhaust muffler having a main shell and a partial shell and manufacturing process of such muffler
CN109253340B (en) * 2018-10-31 2024-04-19 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Resonant water muffler with adjustable frequency and pressure bearing

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WO2003087547A1 (en) 2003-10-23
DE60304187D1 (en) 2006-05-11
EP1495214B1 (en) 2006-03-22
DE60304187T2 (en) 2006-12-28
AU2003262170A1 (en) 2003-10-27
FR2838476B1 (en) 2005-06-24
US20050205352A1 (en) 2005-09-22
FR2838476A1 (en) 2003-10-17
ATE321194T1 (en) 2006-04-15

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