EP1488464A1 - Method for producing an soi field effect transistor and corresponding field effect transistor - Google Patents
Method for producing an soi field effect transistor and corresponding field effect transistorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1488464A1 EP1488464A1 EP03717160A EP03717160A EP1488464A1 EP 1488464 A1 EP1488464 A1 EP 1488464A1 EP 03717160 A EP03717160 A EP 03717160A EP 03717160 A EP03717160 A EP 03717160A EP 1488464 A1 EP1488464 A1 EP 1488464A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- effect transistor
- transistor
- soi field
- field effect
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 203
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003631 wet chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/785—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate having a channel with a horizontal current flow in a vertical sidewall of a semiconductor body, e.g. FinFET, MuGFET
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28123—Lithography-related aspects, e.g. sub-lithography lengths; Isolation-related aspects, e.g. to solve problems arising at the crossing with the side of the device isolation; Planarisation aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/6656—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET using multiple spacer layers, e.g. multiple sidewall spacers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66742—Thin film unipolar transistors
- H01L29/66772—Monocristalline silicon transistors on insulating substrates, e.g. quartz substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66787—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET with a gate at the side of the channel
- H01L29/66795—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET with a gate at the side of the channel with a horizontal current flow in a vertical sidewall of a semiconductor body, e.g. FinFET, MuGFET
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78642—Vertical transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78645—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate
- H01L29/78648—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate arranged on opposing sides of the channel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78651—Silicon transistors
- H01L29/78654—Monocrystalline silicon transistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing an SOI field-effect transistor and an SOI field-effect transistor.
- the optimal voltage swing can be selected depending on the switching activity of a specific transistor of an integrated circuit achieve the greatest possible increase in the gate voltage V DD -V T ZU.
- Examples of transistors with such requirements are transistors in clock circuits with high switching activity, low voltage swing and a low threshold voltage. In a transistor in a clock circuit, the leakage current is of less relevance due to the high activity, whereas minimizing the dynamic power loss (which depends on the square of the supply voltage V DD ) is of primary interest.
- Oxide-Semiconductor with increasing structure fineness, that is miniaturization.
- the reasons for this are, for example, the punch-through effect, the latch-up effect and the disproportionately increasing parasitic capacitance in relation to the transistor size between the drain / source region and the An unwanted current penetration between adjacent transistors of a transistor arrangement is referred to as a punch-through effect, and the phenomenon known as a latch-up effect is that a transistor of the p-type conduction and a transistor of the n-conduction type when a minimum distance is undershot can form a parasitic thyristor from each other, on which a high ignition current can flow, which can cause local destruction of an integrated semiconductor component.
- SOI silicon-on-insulator
- a silicon layer on a silicon oxide layer on a silicon substrate is used as the base material for forming an integrated circuit.
- the problem can arise that a variation in the threshold voltage occurs in the case of different transistors of an integrated circuit due to technologically caused local fluctuations in the dopant concentrations. This problem is avoided when using an undoped substrate.
- the threshold voltage of a field effect transistor can be determined by specifying the work function of the material of the gate region.
- a separate gate material is required for each transistor type (low-energy transistor or high-power transistor, p-MOS transistor or n-MOS transistor), the threshold voltage of the respective transistor being selected by selecting the gate material is defined.
- Thin-film SOI transistors are particularly useful for CMOS technology with dimensions below 50 nm
- Silicon-on-Insulator interesting. As mentioned for example in [2], are in view of the high Component variety requires several different transistor types for the logic in existing processes of 130nm technology. In the case of three different transistor types with different threshold voltages (high threshold voltage, medium threshold voltage, low threshold voltage) and with two different charge carrier types (n-MOS transistor, p-MOS transistor), there are a total of six different materials for the gate region. An associated thin-film SOI-CMOS process therefore requires a very high process effort.
- the threshold voltage of the field effect transistors used there is generally set by doping the channel region.
- Such implantations include the formation of LDD areas ("Lightly-Doped-Drain"), the implementation of a pocket doping (localized doping of the area between the source / drain areas or in the channel area, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the Transistor is reduced compared to technologically-related fluctuations in the length of the gate region) and the formation of a retrograde well (clearly a highly doped region inside the substrate between the source / drain regions).
- LDD areas Lightly-Doped-Drain
- pocket doping localized doping of the area between the source / drain areas or in the channel area, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the Transistor is reduced compared to technologically-related fluctuations in the length of the gate region
- a retrograde well a retrograde well
- Thin-film SOI-CMOS processes that allow the formation of MOS transistors with different threshold voltages.
- One way of setting the transistor properties in SOI technology is to use transistors with different lengths of the gate region, since the length of the gate region also has a significant influence on the threshold voltage of a field effect transistor.
- a sufficiently precise adjustability of the threshold voltage of transistors by adjusting the length of the gate region requires a sufficiently good resolution of a masking technique.
- an SOI field effect transistor 100 is one
- the SOI transistor 100 has a silicon substrate 101, a silicon dioxide layer 102 arranged on the silicon substrate 101 and an undoped silicon layer 103 arranged on the silicon dioxide layer 102.
- the layers 101 to 103 form an SOI layer.
- a first source / drain region 106 is implanted in a first surface region of the undoped silicon layer 103, and a second source / drain region 107 is implanted in a second surface region of the undoped silicon layer 103.
- a region between the two source / drain regions 106, 107 of the undoped silicon layer 103 forms the channel region 108.
- the lateral extent of the gate region 104 can be achieved by the smallest in the technology generation
- a field effect transistor 110 is one
- the threshold voltage of a transistor is set by setting the.
- the length of the gate area cannot be set with satisfactory accuracy.
- the cost of using masks is very large.
- the manufacturing time of transistors is increasing as masks become finer.
- [3] discloses a method for adjusting a threshold voltage for a semiconductor device on an SOI substrate, in which a threshold voltage adjustment implantation is carried out.
- [4] discloses an overview of silicon-on-insulator components and their special features.
- [5] discloses a semiconductor device in which a field shield gate oxide layer is thicker at an edge portion of a field shield gate electrode under a sidewall oxide layer.
- [6] discloses an SOI device and a method for its production, in which the effect of a floating body is reduced.
- [7] discloses a method for fabricating bipolar junctions and MOS transistors on SOI.
- the invention is based on the problem of creating a possibility of adjusting a transistor property of an SOI field-effect transistor with sufficient accuracy and with reasonable effort.
- a laterally delimited layer sequence with a gate-insulating layer and a gate region is formed on a substrate. Furthermore, a spacer layer with a predetermined thickness is formed on at least part of the side walls of the laterally delimited layer sequence.
- Dopant concentration profile is formed, the layer sequence and the spacer layer being set up in such a way that they form a shading structure for avoiding the introduction of dopant into a surface area of the substrate between the two source / drain areas.
- the transistor properties of the SOI field effect transistor are set.
- the SOI field-effect transistor according to the invention with predeterminable transistor properties has a laterally delimited layer sequence with a gate-insulating layer and a gate region on a substrate. Furthermore, the SOI field effect transistor has a spacer layer of a predeterminable thickness on at least part of the side walls of the laterally delimited layer sequence and two source / drain regions in two surface regions of the substrate, to which the spacer layer adjoins, with a predeterminable dopant concentration Profile.
- the layer sequence and the spacer layer are set up in such a way that they form a shading structure to avoid the introduction of dopant in a surface region of the substrate between the two source / drain regions during the production of the SOI field effect transistor.
- a basic idea of the invention is to specify a transistor property (eg the threshold voltage) of an SOI field-effect transistor by adjusting the thickness of a side wall spacer layer and by adjusting the dopant concentration profile of the source / drain regions.
- a transistor property eg the threshold voltage
- High-performance or low-energy applications can be formed by applying a spacer layer on a laterally delimited layer sequence of the gate region and the gate insulating layer.
- the arrangement of laterally delimited layer sequence and spacer layer acts as a shading structure and prevents the region between the source / drain regions from being doped. Since the length of the channel region is directly dependent on the thickness of the spacer layer, an exact setting of
- the spacer layer whose thickness can be adjusted with an accuracy of a few angstroms, whereas the accuracy of a masking technique is in the order of 20 nm. As a result, a significantly improved adjustability of the gate length is achieved according to the invention.
- the range of the under-diffusion of dopant into the undoped channel region can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the spacer layer and the parameters during doping (type of dopant, selection and adjustment of the parameters of the doping method).
- Deposition of a spacer is less expensive than using fine masks.
- the use of more than two different materials (p-type, n-type) for the gate regions is avoided.
- a spacer layer only requires an additional mask in order to produce a field effect transistor with a predetermined threshold voltage. If an impoverished, that is to say undoped, silicon layer, into which the transistor is integrated, complex implantations in the channel region (LDD regions, pocket doping, retrograde tub) are unnecessary.
- the predetermined transistor property can be the length of the channel region between the two source / drain regions, the threshold voltage, the leakage current characteristic, the maximum current or a transistor characteristic.
- the transistor property can be adjusted according to the invention by adjusting the dopant concentration profile or by adjusting the thickness of the spacer layer.
- the thickness of the spacer layer can be adjusted by forming the spacer layer using a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method, "Chemical Vapor Deposition”) or an Atomic Layer Deposition method (ALD method).
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
- ALD method Atomic Layer Deposition method
- the ALD method in particular, it is possible to set a thickness of a layer to be deposited to an accuracy of an atomic position, that is to say to a few angstroms.
- the high accuracy in adjusting the thickness of the spacer layer results in a high accuracy in adjusting the transistor property.
- the two source / drain regions are preferably formed using an ion implantation method or a diffusion method, wherein the
- Dopant concentration profile by selecting the type, the concentration and / or the diffusion properties of the dopants is adjusted.
- An undoped substrate is preferably used, so that the problems associated with conventional CMOS technologies due to a statistically fluctuating dopant concentration are avoided. A complex doping process is also avoided.
- a substrate can also be regarded as (essentially) undoped if it has a dopant concentration that is considerably lower than a dopant concentration of typically 10 19 cm "3 used in conventional CMOS technology.
- the transistor properties of the SOI field-effect transistor can alternatively be set by selecting the material of the gate region, the dopant concentration of the substrate and / or the dopant profile of the substrate. As a result, further parameters are available by means of which the transistor properties can be set.
- the dopant profile of the substrate can be set using a pocket doping and / or retrograde tub.
- a second SOI field effect transistor can be formed on and / or in the substrate in accordance with the method according to the invention for producing the SOI field effect transistor, the transistor properties of the second SOI field effect transistor being set differently from those of the SOI field effect transistor.
- Such a need may arise e.g. B. in a semiconductor memory because the requirements for transistors in the logic area of a memory or. in the memory area of a memory are very different.
- the different transistor properties of the SOI field effect transistor and the second SOI field effect transistor preferably result solely from a different thickness of the spacer layer.
- the same gate material can in particular be used for the transistors with different transistor properties, which results in considerably simplified processing.
- a third SOI field effect transistor can be formed in and / or on the substrate in accordance with the method for producing the SOI field effect transistor, the transistor properties of the third SOI field effect transistor being set analogously to those of the SOI field effect transistor.
- the line types of the SOI field effect transistor and the third SOI field effect transistor are complementary to one another.
- both a p-MOS transistor and an n-MOS transistor can be formed. This takes into account the needs of silicon microelectronics to have transistors of both line types on an integrated circuit.
- the gate regions of the SOI field effect transistor and the second SOI field effect transistor or the SOI field effect transistor, the second SOI field effect transistor and the third SOI field effect transistor can be produced from the same material. This simplifies process control and reduces costs.
- the material of the gate regions preferably has a work function value which is substantially equal to the arithmetic mean of the work function values of heavily p-doped polysilicon (p + polysilicon) and heavily n-doped polysilicon (n + polysilicon) ,
- p + polysilicon heavily p-doped polysilicon
- n + polysilicon heavily n-doped polysilicon
- N "1 ' - polysilicon has a work function of approximately 4.15 eV (Electron volts)
- p + polysilicon has a work function of approximately 5.27 eV.
- a gate material with a band gap between the two values mentioned is therefore suitable for both an n-type field-effect transistor and a p-type field-effect transistor, for example tungsten, tantalum, titanium nitride or p + -doped germanium.
- the material of the gate region has a work function between 4.45 eV and 4.95 eV.
- Leakage current and the other is optimized for a low threshold voltage. It is advantageously possible for a transistor in a clock circuit to be optimized for a high switching speed and therefore for a low threshold voltage. In contrast, a transistor in a memory area can be set up in a simple manner in such a way that it permanently maintains stored information and therefore has a lower leakage current.
- At least one SOI field-effect transistor can be designed as a vertical transistor, as a transistor with at least two gate connections (double-gate transistor) or as a Fin-FET (fin field-effect transistor).
- the principle according to the invention can basically be applied to all types of transistors.
- the second SOI field effect transistor can furthermore be formed during the formation of the source / drain regions of the SOI field effect transistor
- the SOI field effect transistor can be used during the Forming the source / drain regions of the second SOI field effect transistor can be protected from doping by means of a protective layer.
- At least one of the SOI field effect transistors can have at least one additional spacer layer on the spacer layer.
- the method according to the invention can be used both for lateral thin-film SOI transistors with a gate connection and for double-gate MOSFETs, planar transistors, vertical transistors or transistors of the fin-FET type.
- the method can be easily applied to a technology with different thicknesses of gate insulating layers.
- the variety of components is expanded by transistors with gate insulating layers of different thicknesses (thickness t ox ) (so-called multi-V DD - / V ⁇ - / t ox technology).
- the thickness of the spacer layer is varied with a predetermined source / drain doping (the doping method, the dopant concentration, the dopant, etc.) and a fixed metallurgical length of the gate region can be specified. If you take a source / drain doping (the doping method, the dopant concentration, the dopant, etc.) and a fixed metallurgical length of the gate region can be specified. If you take a source / drain doping (the doping method, the dopant concentration, the dopant, etc.) and a fixed metallurgical length of the gate region can be specified. If you take a source / drain doping (the doping method, the dopant concentration, the dopant, etc.) and a fixed metallurgical length of the gate region can be specified. If you take a source / drain doping (the doping method, the dopant concentration, the dopant, etc.) and a fixed metallurgical length of the gate region can be specified. If you take a
- the effective length of the channel region, which in the SOI field-effect transistor with undoped silicon substrate is equal to the length of the undoped silicon region depends, adjustable by adjusting the length of the source / drain doping extensions. at a thin spacer layer, the source / drain doping extensions protrude correspondingly far into the channel region, as a result of which the effective channel length is shortened.
- a transistor with a thicker spacer therefore has a higher threshold voltage and a lower leakage current (off-current) and a lower maximum current (on-current) with a unchanged metallurgical gate length than a transistor with a thinner spacer.
- GIDL gate-induced-drain-leakage
- An essential idea of the invention is the simplified setting and optimization of
- Transistor parameters by precisely defining a spacer layer to the side of the gate region regardless of the quality of an optical mask.
- the setting of the doping properties also has a significant influence on the threshold voltage.
- FIG. 1A shows a field effect transistor according to the prior art, the transistor properties of which are defined by setting a mask
- FIG. 1B another field effect transistor according to the prior art, the transistor properties of which are defined by setting a mask
- FIG. 2A is a schematic view showing the relationship between gate length, channel length, thickness of a spacer layer and dopant profile of a field effect transistor for a low-energy application.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic view showing the relationship between gate length, channel length, thickness of a spacer layer and dopant profile of a field effect transistor for a high-performance application.
- Figure 3A is a diagram that input characteristics of a
- Figure 3B is a diagram that output characteristics of a
- Figure 4A is a diagram that input characteristics of a
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the output characteristics of a transistor for high-performance applications.
- FIG. 5A to 5D layer sequences to different
- FIG. 7 shows a layer sequence according to an alternative to the formation of spacer layers according to the invention.
- FIG. 8A shows a double gate field effect transistor
- FIG. 8B a fin field effect transistor
- Figure 8C shows a vertical field effect transistor.
- FIG. 2A shows an arrangement of layer components for a field effect transistor for low-energy applications (large threshold voltage, small leakage current) along the horizontal axis, whereas the position-dependent dependence of the dopant concentration is shown along the vertical axis in a logarithmic representation. It is assumed that in a surface area of a silicon layer into which the source / drain areas of the field effect transistor are implanted, the dopant concentration starts from the outside of the spacer layer in the channel Area falls exponentially into it. It is assumed that from outside to inside the dopant concentration decreases continuously by a power of ten at intervals of 5 nm.
- the spacer layers 201, 202 are shown on the left and right side edges of the gate region 203, respectively.
- the two spacer layers 210, 202 each have a thickness of 25 nm.
- the first source / drain region 204 and the second source / drain region 205 are each formed from those regions of the silicon layer 206 that lie below the associated one
- Spacer layer 201, 202 lie, as well as through the region with a high dopant concentration arranged to the left or right thereof.
- the first source / drain region 204 and the second source / drain region 205 each have two subsections.
- the respective outer section corresponds to a region of the substrate 206 which is free from being covered with one of the spacer layers 201 or 202 and which is essentially homogeneous
- the first or second source / drain subarea covered by one of the spacer layers 201 or 202 has a highly location-dependent (according to the schematic illustration of FIG. 2A, exponentially location-dependent) dopant concentration.
- the length of the channel region L also depends on the thickness of the spacer layers 201, 202 and on the spatial decrease in the dopant concentration (here by a decade of 5 nm).
- a low-energy field-effect transistor with the desired length of the channel region and a correspondingly high value of the threshold voltage can be formed.
- a field effect transistor for low-energy applications in which the length of the gate region corresponds to the length of the channel region can be achieved with a 25 nm thick spacer layer when the dopant concentration drops by 5 nm per decade.
- the length of the channel region is sufficiently short to achieve a low threshold voltage and therefore a short switching time.
- the thickness of the spacer layers 201, 202 are selected in the diagrams 250, 260, 270, 280 from FIG. 2B each with a thickness of 10 nm.
- the same assumption is made for the drop in the dopant concentration as in FIG. 2A.
- the underdiffusion at both edge regions of the gate region 203 results in a region 15 nm below the gate region in which there is a dopant concentration of more than 10 16 cm "3.
- the width of the spacer layers 201, 202 is therefore a given Length of the gate area the length of the channel area adjustable. It is particularly evident from FIGS. 2A, 2B that the underdiffusion has an increasingly strong effect on the transistor properties as the gate lengths G become smaller, so that a very sensitive possibility for influencing transistor properties is created in particular in future technology generations.
- Characteristics of a field effect transistor for low-energy applications with a gate length of 100 nm and a channel length of 100 nm are described below with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. This corresponds to a configuration as it corresponds to diagram 200 from FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3A shows a first curve 303, which corresponds to a voltage V D s between the two source / drain regions of 1.2V.
- the curves drawn in FIG. 3A are referred to as input characteristic curves of the field effect transistor.
- the third and fourth curves 313, 314 shown in diagram 310 from FIG. 3B are output characteristics of the
- the third curve 313 corresponds a voltage between the first source / drain region (source region) and the gate region V G s of 1.2V.
- transistor characteristics are plotted for different electrical voltages between the two source / drain regions V D s.
- the voltage between the source region (first source / drain region) and the gate region is plotted in volts along the abscissa 401, whereas the electrical current at one of the two source / drain lines is plotted along the ordinate 402 of the diagram 400.
- Areas (drain area) I D is plotted logarithmically in amperes.
- Diagram 410 shows the voltage between the two source / drain regions V DS in volts, whereas along the ordinate 412 the current is plotted on one of the two source / drain regions I D in amperes.
- a third curve 413 shows a characteristic curve which corresponds to a voltage between the gate
- the transistor characteristic curves are transistor properties by applying Spacer layers of different thicknesses can be sensitively adjusted.
- the dopant concentration of the silicon layer 206 is in each case 10 16 cm “3 , the thickness of the gate insulating layer is 2 nm (silicon dioxide), the vertical thickness of the silicon layer 206 is 10 nm and the gate material is p + -doped germanium.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D A method for producing an SOI field-effect transistor with predeterminable transistor properties according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D.
- Fig.5A to Fig.5D there is one on the left side
- FIG. 5A shows layer sequences 500, 510 which correspond to a partially fabricated transistor using SOI technology.
- the layer sequences 500, 510 are on the same SOI substrate 501 from a silicon substrate 502, one
- a first laterally delimited layer sequence shown in the left half of FIG. 5A is constructed from a first gate-insulating layer 505 and from a first gate region 506. Furthermore, a first TEOS protective layer 507 (Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silicate) is applied to the side walls of the first laterally delimited layer sequence. This serves for the electrical and mechanical decoupling of the first laterally delimited layer sequence from the environment.
- a second laterally delimited layer sequence shown in the right half of FIG. 5A is composed of a second gate insulating layer 511, a second gate region 512 and a second TEOS protective layer 513.
- the area on the right in accordance with FIG. 5B is covered with a photoresist layer 531, in order to further cover one
- doping atoms of the n-conductivity type are implanted into two surface regions of the silicon layer 504 using an ion implantation method, around two source / drain regions 521, 522 of the transistor shown in the left half of FIG. 5B to get with low threshold voltage. Due to the covering with photoresist 531, implantation ions are protected against penetration into that surface area of the SOI substrate 501 which is shown in the right half of FIG. 5B.
- the photoresist 531 is first removed using a suitable etching method.
- a spacer layer 541 or 551 with a predetermined thickness is formed on the side walls of the first and second laterally delimited layer sequences, which takes place using the ALD method (Atomic Layer Deposition).
- ALD method Atomic Layer Deposition
- the thickness of the spacer layer "d" can be specified to within one atomic position, that is to say with a few angstroms.
- a third and a fourth source / drain region 571, 572 with a predetermined dopant concentration profile are formed.
- the second laterally delimited layer sequence and the second spacer layer 551 are set up in such a way that they have a shading structure to avoid the introduction of the n-type dopant into surface regions of the silicon layer 504 between the third and fourth source / drain region 571 , 572 form.
- Transistor properties of the SOI field-effect transistor shown in the right-hand region of FIG. 5D are defined.
- the ion implantation method is used as the method for implanting the dopant atoms in the third and fourth source / drain regions 571, 572. This can be done by adjusting the dopant atom type, the energy of the dopant atoms and other process parameters
- Dopant concentration profile of the third and fourth source / drain regions 571, 572 can be specified.
- the SOI field effect transistor in the left section of FIG. 5D has a channel area with a smaller length than the SOI field effect transistor shown in the right section of FIG. 5D.
- the length of the channel region of the left SOI field effect transistor is approximately 2d smaller than in the case of the right SOI field effect transistor, since when dopant atoms penetrate into the right one according to FIG. 5D Field effect transistor, the additionally applied second spacer layer 551 serves as a shading structure.
- first TEOS protective layer 507 and the second TEOS protective layer 513 have a thickness of approximately 10 nm in order to enable a sufficiently good insulation effect for the layer stack comprising the gate insulating layer and the gate region.
- the thickness "d" of the second spacer layer 551 is set such that the right SOI field effect transistor is designed as a low-energy field effect transistor.
- a second preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing an SOI field-effect transistor with predetermined transistor properties is described below with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D.
- the layer sequences 600, 610 shown in FIG. 6A correspond to the layer sequences 500, 510 shown in FIG. 5A.
- a spacer layer 621 with the thickness “1” is deposited both on the left and on the right surface area of the layer sequences according to FIG. 6B. This is done by using a CVD Method ("Chemical Vapor Deposition")
- the thickness "1" of this spacer layer 621 is a decisive parameter for setting the length of the channel region of the SOI field effect transistor on the right according to FIG. 6B.
- the spacer layer 621 is made of silicon nitride.
- the right-hand surface area according to FIG. 6C is covered with a TEOS hard mask 651 (Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silicate). covered in order to protect this surface area from etching in a further process step.
- the spacer layer 621 made of silicon nitride is removed using a wet-chemical etching method in the surface area on the left in FIG. 6C.
- a wet chemical etching method is used, which is suitable for etching silicon nitride, whereas silicon dioxide (ie also the TEOS hard mask 651) is protected against etching. This removes only the spacer layer 621 from the left surface area.
- the TEOS layer 651 is first removed using a suitable etching method.
- the left laterally delimited layer stack is approximately 2 * 1 narrower than the right layer stack, where 1 is the thickness of the spacer layer 621.
- both the left layer stack and the right layer stack are subjected to an ion implantation process, so that a first source / drain region 661, a second source / drain region 662, a third source / drain region 663 and one fourth source / drain region 664 are formed.
- the SOI field effect transistor 670 Threshold voltage on than the SOI field effect transistor 670. Furthermore, the SOI field effect transistor 670 has a lower leakage current than the SOI field effect transistor 660.
- the method described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D has the particular advantage that a single common implantation method is sufficient to form the source / drain regions of both SOI field-effect transistors.
- a p-channel SOI field effect transistor and an n-channel SOI field effect transistor can also be produced in a CMOS process. Furthermore, multiple use of the procedure is conceivable to produce a still wide spectrum of different components, in particular SOI field-effect transistors.
- FIG. 7 shows a layer sequence 700 which is similar to the layer sequence 540 shown in the left area of FIG. 5C.
- the layer sequence 700 instead of the first spacer layer 541 is provided with a spacer side wall 701. This can be obtained, for example, by etching back the spacer layer 541 from FIG. 5C.
- the Spacer sidewall 701 performs substantially the same functionality as spacer layer 541.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C Exemplary embodiments for this are shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C.
- FIG. 8A shows a double gate transistor 800 in which a channel region 801 is controllably surrounded vertically on both sides by a first gate region 802 and a second gate region 803.
- the double gate transistor 800 has a first source / drain region 804 and a second source / drain region 805.
- a silicon substrate 806 and a silicon dioxide layer 807 are provided on the silicon substrate 806.
- a first spacer area 808 made of silicon nitride and a second spacer area 809 made of silicon nitride are provided, by means of which the length of the channel area can be adjusted according to the invention.
- a fin field effect transistor (fin FET) is also shown in FIG. 8B.
- Fin FET fin field effect transistor
- FIG. 8B shows in particular a first, a second, a third and a fourth spacer region 821 to 824, the length of the channel region being adjustable by adjusting the thickness of the spacer layers 821 to 824.
- a vertical field effect transistor 840 is shown in FIG. 6C, which has a bulk silicon region 841.
- a first spacer area 842 and a second spacer area 843 are formed on the first and second gate areas 802, 803 in such a way that the length of the channel area can be adjusted.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE2002113545 DE10213545B4 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Method for producing an SOI field effect transistor and SOI field effect transistor |
DE10213545 | 2002-03-26 | ||
PCT/DE2003/000933 WO2003081675A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-20 | Method for producing an soi field effect transistor and corresponding field effect transistor |
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EP1488464A1 true EP1488464A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
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EP03717160A Withdrawn EP1488464A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-20 | Method for producing an soi field effect transistor and corresponding field effect transistor |
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EP (1) | EP1488464A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005529479A (en) |
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US7488650B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2009-02-10 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method of forming trench-gate electrode for FinFET device |
JP6024354B2 (en) * | 2012-10-02 | 2016-11-16 | 富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 | Semiconductor integrated circuit device and manufacturing method thereof |
US9196708B2 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-11-24 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd | Method for forming a semiconductor device structure |
US11615992B2 (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2023-03-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Substrate isolated VTFET devices |
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US5273915A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1993-12-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for fabricating bipolar junction and MOS transistors on SOI |
DE4327132C2 (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1997-01-23 | Siemens Ag | Thin film transistor and method for its production |
US5532175A (en) * | 1995-04-17 | 1996-07-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of adjusting a threshold voltage for a semiconductor device fabricated on a semiconductor on insulator substrate |
JP3594779B2 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2004-12-02 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | Method for manufacturing semiconductor device |
KR100281109B1 (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2001-03-02 | 김영환 | Silicon on insulator device and method for fabricating the same |
US6455893B1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2002-09-24 | Elmos Semiconductor Ag | MOS transistor with high voltage sustaining capability and low on-state resistance |
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