EP1483493A1 - Multi-part, cooled piston for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Multi-part, cooled piston for an internal combustion engine

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Publication number
EP1483493A1
EP1483493A1 EP02772020A EP02772020A EP1483493A1 EP 1483493 A1 EP1483493 A1 EP 1483493A1 EP 02772020 A EP02772020 A EP 02772020A EP 02772020 A EP02772020 A EP 02772020A EP 1483493 A1 EP1483493 A1 EP 1483493A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
support
rib
annular
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02772020A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1483493B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kemnitz
Dieter Messmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Mahle GmbH filed Critical Mahle GmbH
Publication of EP1483493A1 publication Critical patent/EP1483493A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1483493B1 publication Critical patent/EP1483493B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine, consisting of a one-piece piston upper part, which comprises a combustion bowl and an annular wall with a ring section, and a one-piece piston lower part, which has a box-shaped piston shaft, hubs for receiving the piston pin connecting the piston to the connecting rod and hub supports, which are connected to the piston skirt, wherein a cooling channel is formed by the upper piston part and the lower piston part and its cross section is limited by these.
  • Pistons of this type are known, for example, from DE-PS 800 350, DE-OS 2 212 922, EP 0 604 223 A1, Jp 60-143148, Jp 60-178345.
  • These pistons essentially have central screw connections and thus have the known disadvantages of so-called built pistons, in which the punctiform connection of the upper and lower parts of the piston results in a relative movement between the two piston components which causes wear and tear.
  • the screw connections have been moved to the outer piston edge area in the past, as for example from FR 753,615 or US 2,159,989 known.
  • these constructions known from the 1930s are not comparable with the concepts of modern pistons, since they were designed for much lower combustion chamber pressures.
  • combustion bowls cannot be made possible with such constructions.
  • a piston is also known from DD123 962, in which a wear-resistant piston ring field is produced by mechanically connecting a piston base body to a top land and the ring element forming the ring field or part of the ring field from any suitable material - screwed here - and securing it against loosening is.
  • the disadvantage is that only the ring field is made of wear-resistant material and high compression pressures with a low piston height cannot be achieved.
  • the invention is therefore concerned with the problem of finding a piston concept for a multi-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine which, with increasing engine output, allows the compression height to be reduced and the heat load to be increased, and which enables the piston to be assembled without changing the structure.
  • the upper piston part and the lower piston part have support means with contact surfaces which form a first and second support, the first support comprising support means of the upper and lower part of the thread for screwing both piston parts.
  • first support comprising support means of the upper and lower part of the thread for screwing both piston parts.
  • both piston parts are supported only via the first and second supports.
  • the mechanical stability achieved in this way is superior to a welded piston part connection due to the avoidance of internal stresses.
  • this stability is achieved by the arrangement of the supports in relation to the piston diameter in that the first support is arranged radially on the inside and the second radially on the outside and that these supports are arranged in different planes with respect to the piston height, so that effective inner and outer support is provided is achieved.
  • part of the support means which are designed as a ring and ring-shaped support rib, has a thread for screwing the piston parts, the ring rib in its wall construction being designed in such a way that an elastic deformation as a result of this is exerted on the piston crown Combustion chamber pressure is made possible without reducing the stability of the screw connection.
  • the positional arrangement of the support means which are defined by the radii extending from the longitudinal axis of the piston in the radial direction to the piston surface, advantageously derives the flow of force from the piston head via the support means to the hub supports or piston pins in an effective manner without overloading the piston material. Damage due to mechanical stress, such as stress cracks, can thus be effectively avoided.
  • the inventive construction has the advantage that the centering of the upper piston part to the lower piston part does not take place through the screw connection, but rather through wall areas of a step-like design of the support means, which forms the second, that is to say outer, support.
  • upper piston parts made of heat-resistant steel and lower piston parts consisting of forged AFP steel can be connected particularly simply and inexpensively.
  • Fig. 1 shows a piston according to the invention in cross section, cut in
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged section marked by a circle
  • the multi-part cooled piston 20 consists of an upper piston part 1, which comprises a combustion bowl 3 and an annular wall 4 with ring section 11, and a lower piston part 2, comprising a box-shaped piston shaft 9, hubs for receiving the piston the connecting rod connecting piston pin (not shown) and hub supports 6, which are connected to the piston shaft 9.
  • a cooling channel 7 is formed by the upper piston part 1 and lower piston part 2 and its cross section is limited by these.
  • the upper piston part 1 has support means which consists of an annular support surface 10a arranged on the bottom side facing away from the combustion bowl 3, part of the horizontal cross-sectional area 12a of the annular wall 4 and an annular rib 5.
  • Support means are also provided on the lower piston part 2 and consist of an annular support rib 13, the cross-sectional area 10b of the support rib 13 and an annular support web 14.
  • the annular support surface 10a and the cross-sectional area 10b of the annular support rib 13 serve to form a first flat and horizontal support 10 for both piston parts 1, 2, the support O being arranged radially on the inside with respect to the piston diameter D and forming an inner support.
  • a second, flat and horizontally arranged support 12 for both piston parts consists of the horizontal part of the cross-sectional area 12a of the ring wall 4 and the cross-sectional area 12b of the annular support web 14, so that a step-shaped design of the support web 14 is formed, through which the upper piston part is centered.
  • the first and second supports are arranged with respect to the piston height in different horizontal planes E1 and E2, which are characterized by the height H.
  • a thread 8 for screwing the upper piston part 1 and the lower piston part 2 is designed as an external thread on the circumferential side of the annular rib 5 that is radially outward with respect to the piston diameter and as an internal thread on the radially inward circumferential side of the annular support rib 13.
  • the ring rib 5 pointing towards the pin hub shows an at least partially cylindrical or conical section 13a in the axial piston direction, which carries the thread and runs parallel to the piston axis (K), the cylindrical or conical section 13a of the ring rib a section 13b follows in the direction of the combustion bowl 3 with reduced wall thickness. This creates an elastic area that can absorb the mechanical stresses generated by the combustion chamber pressure and discharge it to the piston pin.
  • the thread-bearing peripheral side of the ring rib 5 has a radius Rivi a n t ei (RM), which is in one area
  • Riviantei ⁇ center of the hub support (RMN) and RMantle> inner end of the hub support (RlEM) is arranged, whereby all radii are defined starting from the longitudinal axis of the piston (K) in the radial direction to the piston skirt surface and the radii "center of the hub support” and “inner end the hub support "are related to the zenith of the hub bore (Nz), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Both piston parts are assembled by centering the upper piston part 1 to the lower piston part 2 by means of the wall region 4a projecting with respect to the supporting rib 13 and then screwing onto the lower piston part.
  • the height H (distance of the planes E1, E2) of the first to the second support 10, 12 is designed in such a way that a height difference of approximately 50 ⁇ m first touches the outer support surfaces 12a, 12b and after a further rotary movement to overcome the height difference the inner contact surfaces 10a, 10b, so that the cooling channel 7 formed in the completely screwed state of the upper piston part 1 with the lower piston part 2 is sealed only by the contact surfaces 10a, 10b, 12a, 12b. Due to the large diameter, the thread is self-locking.
  • an adapter sleeve can be provided below the third groove, which is attached radially.
  • the upper piston part 1 can consist of an oxidation-resistant and / or heat-resistant material. Steels with chrome contents> 4% from the material groups of the chemically resistant steels are typically used. DIN EN 10027-2 (steel group numbers 1.4x xx) such as stainless, high-temperature or heat-resistant steels, as well as from the material group of alloyed tool steels, such as alloyed hot-work steels.
  • the lower part of the piston consists of a precipitation hardening ferritic-pearlitic steel or tempering steel, whereby the steel grades 38MnVS6 or 42CrMo4 are typically used (according to German steel-iron material sheet 101).
  • reference numeral 38MnVS6 or 42CrMo4 are typically used (according to German steel-iron material sheet 101).
  • Support rib 13 Cylindrical portion of the support rib 13a not cylindrical. Section of the support rib 13b

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-part, cooled piston for an internal combustion engine, consisting of a one-piece upper piston part, which comprises a combustion recess and a ring wall with a ring belt and a one-piece lower piston part, which comprises a box-shaped piston skirt, bosses for receiving the gudgeon pin that connects the piston to the connecting rod and boss mountings, which are connected to the piston skirt. According to the invention, a cooling channel is configured through both the upper piston part and the lower piston part, the cross-section of said cooling channel being delimited by said parts. The aim of said piston is to achieve a reduction in the compression distance and an increase in the thermal load for an increasing motor performance and to enable the assembly of said piston without modifying its structure. To achieve this, the upper piston part (1) and the lower piston part (2) comprise supporting elements (4, 5, 8, 13, 14) with bearing surfaces (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b) that form a first and second abutment (10, 12), the first supporting elements (5, 8, 13) of the upper and lower piston parts, said elements comprising the first abutment (10), have threads (8) for screwing together both piston parts and when the screw connection is made between the upper and lower piston parts, both piston parts are supported exclusively by means of the first and second abutment (10,12).

Description

Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben für einen VerbrennungsmotorMulti-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft einen mehrteiligen gekühlten Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, bestehend aus einem einstückig ausgebildeten Kolbenoberteil, das eine Verbrennungsmulde und eine Ringwand mit Ringpartie umfasst, und einem einstückig ausgebildeten Kolbenunterteil, das einen kastenförmigen Kolbenschaft, Naben zur Aufnahme des den Kolben mit dem Pleuel verbindenden Kolbenbolzen und Nabenabstützungen, die mit dem Kolbenschaft verbunden sind, umfasst, wobei ein Kühlkanal durch das Kolbenoberteil als auch Kolbenunterteil gebildet und in seinem Querschnitt durch diese begrenzt ist.The invention relates to a multi-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine, consisting of a one-piece piston upper part, which comprises a combustion bowl and an annular wall with a ring section, and a one-piece piston lower part, which has a box-shaped piston shaft, hubs for receiving the piston pin connecting the piston to the connecting rod and hub supports, which are connected to the piston skirt, wherein a cooling channel is formed by the upper piston part and the lower piston part and its cross section is limited by these.
Derart gattungsgemäße Kolben sind beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 800 350, DE-OS 2 212 922, EP 0 604 223 A1 , Jp 60-143148, Jp 60-178345 bekannt. Diese Kolben weisen im wesentlichen zentrale Verschraubungen auf und besitzen damit die bekannten Nachteile sogenannter gebauter Kolben, bei denen durch die punktförmige Verbindung von Kolbenober- und Unterteil unter dem Verbrennungsdruck eine den Verschleiß bewirkende Relativbewegung zwischen beiden Kolbenbauteilen entsteht. Um den Vorteil dieser Kolben, der insbesondere durch die Verbindung verschleißfester Kolbenoberteile mit aus Leichtmetall bestehenden Kolbenunterteilen entsteht, ohne den vorgenannten Nachteil in Kauf zu nehmen, wurden in der Vergangenheit die Verschraubungen in den äußeren Kolbenrandbereich verlegt, wie beispielsweise aus der FR 753,615 oder US 2,159,989 bekannt. Generell sind diese aus den 30iger Jahren bekannten Konstruktionen nicht mit den Konzepten moderner Kolben vergleichbar, da diese für wesentlich geringere Brennraumdrücke konzipiert waren. Zudem können Verbrennungsmulden bei derartigen Konstruktionen nicht ermöglicht werden.Pistons of this type are known, for example, from DE-PS 800 350, DE-OS 2 212 922, EP 0 604 223 A1, Jp 60-143148, Jp 60-178345. These pistons essentially have central screw connections and thus have the known disadvantages of so-called built pistons, in which the punctiform connection of the upper and lower parts of the piston results in a relative movement between the two piston components which causes wear and tear. In order to take the advantage of these pistons, which arises in particular through the connection of wear-resistant piston upper parts with piston lower parts made of light metal, without the aforementioned disadvantage, the screw connections have been moved to the outer piston edge area in the past, as for example from FR 753,615 or US 2,159,989 known. In general, these constructions known from the 1930s are not comparable with the concepts of modern pistons, since they were designed for much lower combustion chamber pressures. In addition, combustion bowls cannot be made possible with such constructions.
Aus der DD123 962 ist weiterhin ein Kolben bekannt, bei dem ein verschleißfestes Kolbenringfeld dadurch erzeugt wird, dass ein Kolbengrundkörper mit einem Feuersteg und das Ringfeld oder einen Teil des Ringfeld bildenden Kreisringelements aus einem beliebigen geeigneten Werkstoff mechanisch verbunden - hier verschraubt - und gegen Lösen gesichert ist. Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass nur das Ringfeld aus verschließfestem Material besteht und hohe Kompressionsdrücke bei gleichzeitig geringer Kolbenbauhöhe nicht realisierbar sind.A piston is also known from DD123 962, in which a wear-resistant piston ring field is produced by mechanically connecting a piston base body to a top land and the ring element forming the ring field or part of the ring field from any suitable material - screwed here - and securing it against loosening is. However, the disadvantage is that only the ring field is made of wear-resistant material and high compression pressures with a low piston height cannot be achieved.
Neben der zentralen bzw. dezentralen Verschraubung als Verbindung von Kolbenteilen, die aus unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen, sind auch Schweißverfahren bekannt, wie beispielsweise das Reib-Schweißverfahren aus der WO 00/06882. Kolbenober- und Unterteile können damit relativ einfach verschweißt werden. Nachteilig sind jedoch die durch die Schweißung verursachten Änderungen im Materialgefüge, die zu Spannungsrissen führen und noch nachteiliger aber durch die Begrenzung in der Werkstoffauswahl für die zu verbindenden Teile.In addition to the central or decentral screw connection as a connection of piston parts which consist of different materials, welding processes are also known, such as the friction welding process from WO 00/06882. Piston upper and lower parts can be welded relatively easily. Disadvantages, however, are the changes in the material structure caused by the welding, which lead to stress cracks and, even more disadvantageously, due to the limitation in the choice of material for the parts to be connected.
Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, ein Kolbenkonzept für einen mehrteiligen gekühlten Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor zu finden, das bei steigender Motorleistung eine Verkleinerung der Kompressionshöhe und eine Erhöhung der Wärmebelastung gestattet und das einen Zusammenbau des Kolbens ohne Gefügeveränderung ermöglicht.The invention is therefore concerned with the problem of finding a piston concept for a multi-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine which, with increasing engine output, allows the compression height to be reduced and the heat load to be increased, and which enables the piston to be assembled without changing the structure.
Dieses Problem wird bei dem gattungsgemäßen Kolben gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Nach dieser Lösung weist das Kolbenoberteil und das Kolbenunterteil Stützmittel mit Auflageflächen auf, die eine erste und zweite Auflage bilden, wobei die erste Auflage umfassenden Stützmittel des Kolbenober- und - Unterteils Gewinde zur Verschraubung beider Kolbenteile aufweisen. Im verschraubten Zustand des Kolbenoberteils mit dem Kolbenunterteil sind beide Kolbenteile ausschließlich über die erste und zweite Auflage abgestützt. Die dadurch erzielte mechanische Stabilität ist einer verschweißten Kolbenteilverbindung infolge der Vermeidung innerer Spannungen überlegen. Insbesondere wird diese Stabilität durch die Anordnung der Auflagen in bezug zum Kolbendurchmesser dadurch erreicht, dass die erste Auflage radial innen und die zweite radial außen angeordnet ist und dass diese Auflagen in unterschiedlichen Ebenen in bezug zur Kolbenhöhe angeordnet sind, sodass eine effektive innere und äußere Abstützung erzielt wird. Erfindungsgemäß weist ein Teil der Stützmittel, die als Ring- und ringförmige Tragrippe ausgebildet sind, ein Gewinde zur Verschraubung der Kolbenteile auf, wobei die Ringrippe in seiner Wandkonstruktion derart ausgeführt ist, dass durch diese eine elastische Verformung infolge des auf den Kolbenboden ausgeübten Brennraumdruckes ermöglicht ist, ohne die Stabilität der Schraubverbindung zu vermindern. Insbesondere wird vorteilhaft durch die Lageanordnung der Stützmittel , die über die von der Kolbenlängsachse in radialer Richtung zur Kolbenmantelfläche ausgehenden Radien definiert sind, der Kraftfluss vom Kolbenboden über die Stützmittel auf die Nabenabstützungen bzw. Kolbenbolzen in wirksamer Weise ohne Überlastung des Kolbenmaterials abgeleitet. Schäden infolge der mechanischen Belastung, wie beispielsweise Spannungsrisse, sind somit effektiv vermeidbar. Des weiteren weist die erfinderische Konstruktion den Vorteil auf, dass die Zentrierung des Kolbenoberteils zum Kolbenunterteil nicht durch die Verschraubung erfolgt, sondern durch Wandbereiche einer stufenförmigen Ausbildung der Stützmittel, welche die zweite, also äußere, Auflage bildet. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung sind Kolbenoberteile aus warmfestem Stahl und Kolbenunterteile, bestehend aus geschmiedetem AFP-Stahl, besonders einfach und kostengünstig verbindbar.This problem is solved in the generic piston by the features of claim 1. According to this solution, the upper piston part and the lower piston part have support means with contact surfaces which form a first and second support, the first support comprising support means of the upper and lower part of the thread for screwing both piston parts. When the upper piston part is screwed to the lower piston part, both piston parts are supported only via the first and second supports. The mechanical stability achieved in this way is superior to a welded piston part connection due to the avoidance of internal stresses. In particular, this stability is achieved by the arrangement of the supports in relation to the piston diameter in that the first support is arranged radially on the inside and the second radially on the outside and that these supports are arranged in different planes with respect to the piston height, so that effective inner and outer support is provided is achieved. According to the invention, part of the support means, which are designed as a ring and ring-shaped support rib, has a thread for screwing the piston parts, the ring rib in its wall construction being designed in such a way that an elastic deformation as a result of this is exerted on the piston crown Combustion chamber pressure is made possible without reducing the stability of the screw connection. In particular, the positional arrangement of the support means, which are defined by the radii extending from the longitudinal axis of the piston in the radial direction to the piston surface, advantageously derives the flow of force from the piston head via the support means to the hub supports or piston pins in an effective manner without overloading the piston material. Damage due to mechanical stress, such as stress cracks, can thus be effectively avoided. Furthermore, the inventive construction has the advantage that the centering of the upper piston part to the lower piston part does not take place through the screw connection, but rather through wall areas of a step-like design of the support means, which forms the second, that is to say outer, support. With the solution according to the invention, upper piston parts made of heat-resistant steel and lower piston parts consisting of forged AFP steel can be connected particularly simply and inexpensively.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous further developments are the subject of the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.
Es zeigt:It shows:
Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Kolben im Querschnitt, geschnitten inFig. 1 shows a piston according to the invention in cross section, cut in
Bolzenrichtung;Pin direction;
Fi. 2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Kolben im Querschnitt, geschnitten inFi. 2 a piston according to the invention in cross section, cut into
Druck-Gegendruck-Richtung;Pressure-counterpressure direction;
Fig. 3 einen vergrößerten mittels Kreis gekennzeichneten Ausschnitt ausFig. 3 shows an enlarged section marked by a circle
Fig.1.Fig.1.
Der mehrteilige gekühlte Kolben 20, wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, besteht aus einem Kolbenoberteil 1 , das eine Verbrennungsmulde 3 und eine Ringwand 4 mit Ringpartie 11 umfasst, und einem Kolbenunterteil 2, umfassend einen kastenförmigen Kolbenschaft 9, Naben zur Aufnahme des den Kolben mit dem Pleuel verbindenden Kolbenbolzen (nicht dargestellt) und Nabenabstützungen 6, die mit dem Kolbenschaft 9 verbunden sind. Ein Kühlkanal 7 ist durch das Kolbenoberteil 1 als auch Kolbenunterteil 2 gebildet und in seinem Querschnitt durch diese begrenzt. Das Kolbenoberteil 1 weist Stützmittel auf, die aus einer der Verbrennungsmulde 3 abgewandten Bodenseite angeordneten ringförmigen Auflagefläche 10a, einem Teil der horizontalen Querschnittsfläche 12a der Ringwand 4 und aus einer Ringrippe 5 besteht. Am Kolbenunterteil 2 sind ebenfalls Stützmittel vorgesehen, die aus einer ringförmigen Tragrippe 13, der Querschnittsfläche 10b der Tragrippe 13 sowie einem ringförmigen Tragsteg 14 bestehen. Zur Bildung einer ersten ebenen und horizontalen Auflage 10 für beide Kolbenteile 1 , 2 dienen die ringförmige Auflagefläche 10a und die Querschnittsfläche 10b der ringförmigen Tragrippe 13, wobei die AuflagelO bezogen auf den Kolbendurchmesser D radial innen angeordnet ist und eine innere Abstützung bildet. Eine zweite, ebene und horizontal angeordnete Auflage 12 für beide Kolbenteile besteht aus dem horizontalen Teil der Querschnittsfläche 12a der Ringwand 4 und der Querschnittsfläche 12b des ringförmigen Tragstegs 14, so dass eine stufenförmige Ausbildung des Tragstegs 14 entsteht, durch die das Kolbenoberteil zentriert ist. Im wesentlichen dient zur Zentrierung der Wandbereich 4a (Fig.2) der Ringwand 4, der mit seiner Querschnittsfläche in axialer Richtung zum Kolbenschaft 9 einen Luftspalt bildet, wie aus der Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 ersichtlich. Die erste und zweite Auflage ist in bezug zur Kolbenhöhe in jeweils unterschiedlichen horizontalen Ebenen E1 und E2 angeordnet, die durch die Höhe H charakterisiert sind.The multi-part cooled piston 20, as can be seen from FIG. 1, consists of an upper piston part 1, which comprises a combustion bowl 3 and an annular wall 4 with ring section 11, and a lower piston part 2, comprising a box-shaped piston shaft 9, hubs for receiving the piston the connecting rod connecting piston pin (not shown) and hub supports 6, which are connected to the piston shaft 9. A cooling channel 7 is formed by the upper piston part 1 and lower piston part 2 and its cross section is limited by these. The upper piston part 1 has support means which consists of an annular support surface 10a arranged on the bottom side facing away from the combustion bowl 3, part of the horizontal cross-sectional area 12a of the annular wall 4 and an annular rib 5. Support means are also provided on the lower piston part 2 and consist of an annular support rib 13, the cross-sectional area 10b of the support rib 13 and an annular support web 14. The annular support surface 10a and the cross-sectional area 10b of the annular support rib 13 serve to form a first flat and horizontal support 10 for both piston parts 1, 2, the support O being arranged radially on the inside with respect to the piston diameter D and forming an inner support. A second, flat and horizontally arranged support 12 for both piston parts consists of the horizontal part of the cross-sectional area 12a of the ring wall 4 and the cross-sectional area 12b of the annular support web 14, so that a step-shaped design of the support web 14 is formed, through which the upper piston part is centered. Essentially serves to center the wall area 4a (FIG. 2) of the ring wall 4, which forms an air gap with its cross-sectional area in the axial direction to the piston skirt 9, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2. The first and second supports are arranged with respect to the piston height in different horizontal planes E1 and E2, which are characterized by the height H.
Ein Gewinde 8 zur Verschraubung von Kolbenoberteil 1 und Kolbenunterteil 2 ist an der in bezug zum Kolbendurchmesser radial nach außen liegenden Umfangsseite der Ringrippe 5 als Außengewinde und an der radial nach innen liegenden Umfangsseite der ringförmigen Tragrippe 13 als Innengewinde ausgeführt. Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, zeigt die zur Bolzennabe weisende Ringrippe 5 in axialer Kolbenrichtung einen zumindest teilweise zylindrisch oder konisch geformten Abschnitt 13a, der das Gewinde trägt und parallel zur Kolbenachse (K) verläuft, wobei dem zylindrisch oder konisch geformten Abschnitt 13a der Ringrippe ein Abschnitt 13b in Richtung Verbrennungsmulde 3 mit verringerter Wandstärke folgt. Damit wird ein elastischer Bereich erzeugt, der die durch den Brennraumdruck erzeugten mechanischen Spannungen aufnehmen und auf den Kolbenbolzen ableiten kann. Die gewindetragende Umfangsseite der Ringrippe 5 besitzt einen Radius Riviantei (RM), der in einem BereichA thread 8 for screwing the upper piston part 1 and the lower piston part 2 is designed as an external thread on the circumferential side of the annular rib 5 that is radially outward with respect to the piston diameter and as an internal thread on the radially inward circumferential side of the annular support rib 13. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the ring rib 5 pointing towards the pin hub shows an at least partially cylindrical or conical section 13a in the axial piston direction, which carries the thread and runs parallel to the piston axis (K), the cylindrical or conical section 13a of the ring rib a section 13b follows in the direction of the combustion bowl 3 with reduced wall thickness. This creates an elastic area that can absorb the mechanical stresses generated by the combustion chamber pressure and discharge it to the piston pin. The thread-bearing peripheral side of the ring rib 5 has a radius Rivi a n t ei (RM), which is in one area
Riviantei < Mitte der Nabenabstützung (RMN) Und RMantel > Rlnneres Ende der Nabenabstυtzung (RlEM) angeordnet ist, wobei alle Radien ausgehend von der Kolbenlängsachse (K) in radialer Richtung zur Kolbenmantelfläche definiert sind und die Radien „Mitte der Nabenabstützung" und „ Inneres Ende der Nabenabstützung" auf den Zenit der Nabenbohrung (Nz) bezogen sind, wie in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt.Riviantei <center of the hub support (RMN) and RMantle> inner end of the hub support (RlEM) is arranged, whereby all radii are defined starting from the longitudinal axis of the piston (K) in the radial direction to the piston skirt surface and the radii "center of the hub support" and "inner end the hub support "are related to the zenith of the hub bore (Nz), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Der Zusammenbau beider Kolbenteile erfolgt, in dem mittels des in bezug zur Tragrippe 13 überstehenden Wandbereichs 4a das Kolbenoberteil 1 zum Kolbenunterteil 2 zentriert und anschließend auf das Kolbenunterteil geschraubt wird. Die Höhe H (Abstand der Ebenen E1 , E2) der ersten zur zweiten Auflage 10, 12 ist derart gestaltet, dass sich durch eine Höhendifferenz von ca. 50 μm zuerst die äußeren Auflageflächen 12a, 12b berühren und nach einer weiteren Drehbewegung zur Überwindung der Höhendifferenz die inneren Auflageflächen 10a, 10b, sodass der im vollständig verschraubten Zustand des Kolbenoberteils 1 mit dem Kolbenunterteil 2 entstandene Kühlkanal 7 nur durch die Auflageflächen 10a, 10b, 12a, 12b abgedichtet ist. Infolge des großen Durchmessers ist das Gewinde selbstsichernd. Zusätzlich kann aber eine Spannhülse unterhalb der 3. Nut, die radial angebracht ist, vorgesehen sein.Both piston parts are assembled by centering the upper piston part 1 to the lower piston part 2 by means of the wall region 4a projecting with respect to the supporting rib 13 and then screwing onto the lower piston part. The height H (distance of the planes E1, E2) of the first to the second support 10, 12 is designed in such a way that a height difference of approximately 50 μm first touches the outer support surfaces 12a, 12b and after a further rotary movement to overcome the height difference the inner contact surfaces 10a, 10b, so that the cooling channel 7 formed in the completely screwed state of the upper piston part 1 with the lower piston part 2 is sealed only by the contact surfaces 10a, 10b, 12a, 12b. Due to the large diameter, the thread is self-locking. In addition, an adapter sleeve can be provided below the third groove, which is attached radially.
Das Kolbenoberteil 1 kann aus einem oxidationsbeständigen und / oder warmfesten Werkstoff bestehen. Zum Einsatz kommen typischerweise Stähle mit Chromgehalten > 4 % aus den Werkstoffgruppen der chemisch beständigen Stähle gem. DIN EN 10027-2 (Stahlgruppen-Nummern 1.4x xx) wie nichtrostende, hochwarmfeste oder hitzebeständige Stähle, sowie aus der Werkstoffgruppe der legierten Werkzeugstähle, wie legierte Warmarbeitsstähle.The upper piston part 1 can consist of an oxidation-resistant and / or heat-resistant material. Steels with chrome contents> 4% from the material groups of the chemically resistant steels are typically used. DIN EN 10027-2 (steel group numbers 1.4x xx) such as stainless, high-temperature or heat-resistant steels, as well as from the material group of alloyed tool steels, such as alloyed hot-work steels.
Das Kolbenunterteil besteht aus einem ausscheidungshärtenden ferritisch- perlitischen Stahl oder Vergütungsstahl, wobei typischerweise die Stahlgüten 38MnVS6 oder 42CrMo4 eingesetzt werden (nach deutschen Stahl-Eisen- Werkstoff blatt 101 ). BezugszeichenThe lower part of the piston consists of a precipitation hardening ferritic-pearlitic steel or tempering steel, whereby the steel grades 38MnVS6 or 42CrMo4 are typically used (according to German steel-iron material sheet 101). reference numeral
Mehrteilig gekühlter Kolben 20Multi-part cooled piston 20
Kolbenoberteil 1Upper piston part 1
Kolbenunterteil 2Piston lower part 2
Verbrennungsmulde 3Burn tray 3
Ringwand 4Ring wall 4
Wandbereich der Ringwand 4aWall area of the ring wall 4a
Ringrippe 5Ring rib 5
Nabenabstützung 6Hub support 6
Kühlkanal 7Cooling duct 7
Gewinde 8Thread 8
Kolbenschaft 9 erste Auflage 10Piston shaft 9 first edition 10
Auflagefläche Kolbenoberteil 10aContact surface upper piston part 10a
Auflagefläche Kolbenunterteil 10bContact surface piston lower part 10b
Ringpartie 11Ring section 11
Ringnut 11 a zweite Auflage 12Ring groove 11 a second edition 12
Auflagefläche Kolbenoberteil 12aContact surface piston upper part 12a
Auflagefläche Kolbenunterteil 12bContact surface piston lower part 12b
Tragrippe 13 Zylindrischer Abschnitt der Tragrippe 13a nicht zylindr. Abschnitt der Tragrippe 13bSupport rib 13 Cylindrical portion of the support rib 13a not cylindrical. Section of the support rib 13b
Tragsteg 14Bridge 14
Ebenen E1 , E2 Höhendifferenz von der ersten zur zweiten Auflageebene HLevels E1, E2 height difference from the first to the second support level H
Kolbenlängsachse KPiston longitudinal axis K
Nabenzenit Nz Hub Zenith Nz

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, bestehend aus einem Kolbenoberteil, das eine Verbrennungsmulde und eine Ringwand mit Ringpartie umfasst, und einem Kolbenunterteil, das einen kastenförmigen Kolbenschaft, Naben zur Aufnahme des den Kolben mit dem Pleuel verbindenden Kolbenbolzen und Nabenabstützungen, die mit dem Kolbenschaft verbunden sind, umfasst, wobei ein Kühlkanal durch das Kolbenoberteil als auch Kolbenunterteil gebildet und in seinem Querschnitt durch diese begrenzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet,1.Multi-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine, consisting of a piston upper part, which comprises a combustion bowl and an annular wall with a ring section, and a piston lower part, which has a box-shaped piston shaft, hubs for receiving the piston pin connecting the piston to the connecting rod, and hub supports which are connected to the Piston shaft are connected, wherein a cooling channel is formed by the upper piston part and lower piston part and its cross section is limited by these, characterized in that
- dass das Kolbenoberteil (1 ) und das Kolbenunterteil (2) Stützmittel- That the upper piston part (1) and the lower piston part (2) support means
(4, 5, 8, 13, 14) mit Auflageflächen (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b) umfassen, die eine erste und zweite Auflage (10, 12) bilden,(4, 5, 8, 13, 14) with support surfaces (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b) which form a first and second support (10, 12),
- dass die erste Auflage (10) umfassenden Stützmittel (5, 8, 13) des Kolbenober- und -Unterteils Gewinde (8) zur Verschraubung beider Kolbenteile aufweisen,- that the first support (10) comprising support means (5, 8, 13) of the piston upper and lower parts have threads (8) for screwing both piston parts,
- und dass im verschraubten Zustand des Kolbenoberteils mit dem Kolbenunterteil beide Kolbenteile ausschließlich über die erste und zweite Auflage (10,12) abgestützt sind.- And that in the screwed state of the upper piston part with the lower piston part, both piston parts are supported exclusively via the first and second supports (10, 12).
2. . Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und zweite Auflage (10, 12) in bezug zur Kolbenhöhe in jeweils unterschiedlichen horizontalen Ebenen (E1 , E2) angeordnet sind.2.. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second supports (10, 12) are arranged in different horizontal planes (E1, E2) with respect to the piston height.
3. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Auflage (10) in bezug zum Kolbendurchmesser radial innen angeordnet ist und eine innere Abstützung für das Kolbenoberteil bildet und die zweite Auflage (12) in bezug zum Kolbendurchmesser radial außen angeordnet ist und eine äußere Abstützung für das Kolbenoberteil bildet.3. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the first support (10) is arranged radially on the inside with respect to the piston diameter and forms an inner support for the upper piston part and the second support (12) is arranged radially on the outside with respect to the piston diameter is arranged and forms an outer support for the upper piston part.
4. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützmittel des Kolbenoberteils (1 ) die Auflagefläche (10a) der an der Verbrennungsmulde abgewandten Bodenseite, einen Teil der horizontalen Querschnittsfläche (12a) der Ringwand (4) und eine Ringrippe (5) umfassen, und dass die Stützmittel des Kolbenunterteils (2) eine ringförmige Tragrippe (13), der Querschnittsfläche (10b) der Tragrippe (13) sowie einen ringförmigen Tragsteg (14) mit seiner Querschnittsfläche (12b) umfassen.4. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the support means of the piston upper part (1), the bearing surface (10a) of the bottom facing away from the combustion bowl, part of the horizontal cross-sectional area (12a) of the ring wall (4) and an annular rib (5th ) include, and that the support means of the lower piston part (2) comprise an annular support rib (13), the cross-sectional area (10b) of the support rib (13) and an annular support web (14) with its cross-sectional area (12b).
5. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass das Gewinde (8) zur Verschraubung von Kolbenober- und -unterteil an der in bezug zum Kolbendurchmesser radial nach außen liegenden Umfangsseite der Ringrippe (5) als Außengewinde ausgeführt ist und an der radial nach innen liegenden Umfangsseite der ringförmigen Tragrippe (13) als Innengewinde ausgeführt ist.5. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1 and 4, characterized in that the thread (8) for screwing the piston upper and lower parts on the radially outward in relation to the piston diameter peripheral side of the ring rib (5) is designed as an external thread and on the radially inward circumferential side of the annular support rib (13) is designed as an internal thread.
6. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zur Bolzennabe weisende Ringrippe (5) in axialer Kolbenrichtung einen zumindest teilweise zylindrisch oder konisch geformten Abschnitt (13a) aufweist, der das Gewinde trägt und parallel zur Kolbenachse (K) verläuft.6. A multi-part cooled piston according to claim 4, characterized in that the annular rib (5) facing the pin hub has an at least partially cylindrical or conical section (13a) in the axial piston direction, which carries the thread and runs parallel to the piston axis (K).
7. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem zylindrisch oder konisch geformten Abschnitt (13a) der Ringrippe (5) ein Abschnitt (13b) in Richtung Verbrennungsmulde (3) mit verringerter Wandstärke folgt.7. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 6, characterized in that the cylindrical or conically shaped section (13a) of the annular rib (5) is followed by a section (13b) in the direction of the combustion bowl (3) with reduced wall thickness.
8. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Radius R antei (RM) er Ringrippe (5) in einem Bereich8. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 4, characterized in that the radius R a t ei (R M ) he ring rib (5) in one area
RMantel < RMitte der Nabenabstützung (RMN) Und RMantei > Rlnneres Ende der Nabenabstützung (R|EM) angeordnet ist, wobei alle Radien ausgehend von der Kolbenlängsachse (K) in radialer Richtung zur Kolbenmantelfläche definiert sind und die Radien „Mitte der Nabenabstützung" und „ Inneres Ende der Nabenabstützung" auf den Zenit der Nabenbohrung (Nz) bezogen sind.RMantle <RMenter of the hub support (RMN) and RMantei> Inner end of the hub support (R | EM) is arranged, with all radii starting from the longitudinal axis of the piston (K) being defined in the radial direction to the piston skirt surface and the radii "center of the hub support" and " Inner end of the hub support "refer to the zenith of the hub bore (Nz).
9. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflageflächen der ersten Auflage (10) aus der an der Verbrennungsmulde (3) abgewandten Bodenseite angeordneten Auflagefläche (10a) und der Querschnittsfläche (10b) der ringförmigen Tragrippe besteht. 9. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 4, characterized in that the support surfaces of the first support (10) from the bottom of the combustion trough (3) facing the bottom surface arranged support surface (10a) and the cross-sectional area (10b) of the annular support rib.
10. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Auflage (10) annähernd mittig zur Ringpartie (11 ) angeordnet ist .10. A multi-part cooled piston according to claim 9, characterized in that the first support (10) is arranged approximately in the center of the ring section (11).
11. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Auflage (12) aus einem Teil der gesamten Querschnittsfläche der Ringwand (4) und der Querschnittsfläche (12b) des ringförmigen Tragstegs (14) besteht, sodass eine stufenförmige Ausbildung des Tragstegs (14) entsteht, durch die das Kolbenoberteil (1 ) zentriert ist.11. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the second support (12) consists of a part of the total cross-sectional area of the ring wall (4) and the cross-sectional area (12b) of the annular support web (14), so that a stepped design of the support web (14) arises, through which the upper piston part (1) is centered.
12. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Auflage (12) unterhalb der untersten Ringnut (11a) in einem Abstand (a) angeordnet ist.12. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 11, characterized in that the second support (12) is arranged below the lowest annular groove (11a) at a distance (a).
13. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der im verschraubten Zustand des Kolbenoberteils (1) mit dem Kolbenunterteil (2) entstehende Kühlkanal (7) nur durch die Auflageflächen (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b) abgedichtet ist.13. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1, characterized in that in the screwed state of the upper piston part (1) with the lower piston part (2) resulting cooling channel (7) is sealed only by the bearing surfaces (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b).
14. Mehrteiliger gekühlter Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kolbenoberteil (1 ) aus einem oxidationsbeständigen und/oder warmfesten Werkstoff und das Kolbenunterteil (2) aus einem ausscheidungshärtenden ferritisch - perlitischen Stahl oder Vergütungsstahl besteht. 14. Multi-part cooled piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper piston part (1) consists of an oxidation-resistant and / or heat-resistant material and the lower piston part (2) consists of a precipitation-hardening ferritic-pearlitic steel or tempered steel.
EP02772020A 2002-03-09 2002-08-13 Multi-part, cooled piston for an internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related EP1483493B1 (en)

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US7628135B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2009-12-08 Mahle International Gmbh Multi-part piston for an internal combustion engine
US8161935B2 (en) 2008-11-06 2012-04-24 Mahle International Gmbh Multi-part piston for an internal combustion engine and method for its production
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JP2005527725A (en) 2005-09-15
BR0215633A (en) 2004-12-21
US20030167918A1 (en) 2003-09-11
KR20040088582A (en) 2004-10-16
DE50203435D1 (en) 2005-07-21
US6763758B2 (en) 2004-07-20
WO2003076786A1 (en) 2003-09-18
DE10210570A1 (en) 2003-09-18
KR100893015B1 (en) 2009-04-15
BR0215633B1 (en) 2011-02-22
EP1483493B1 (en) 2005-06-15

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