EP1482174A1 - Axial piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine has a housing (2) with cylinder drum (5), pistons (7), and a retracting device (15). The retracting device is supported by a support device (16a), which is positioned on the side away from the swash plate (11) and connected to the plate. The retracting device is supported on the housing by a restraint unit (16). When this unit is in working position in the housing interior (3), it engages behind a mainly radial shoulder surface (11a) on the swash plate or a component on the plate.

Description

The invention relates to an axial piston machine according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.

An axial piston machine of this type is in the DE-OS 21 01 213 described. With this previously known Axial piston machine is the restraint device for support the retraction device formed by holding plungers, which in radial guide holes in the housing can be moved radially stored and biased radially inwards by springs, with sloping faces at their inner ends, the relative radial plane to the neighboring one Retraction device are inclined and with these Sloping the outer edge of the retractor reach behind the perforated disc. This well-known Restraint is due to the inclined surfaces following disadvantages. If the inclination of the Inclined surfaces is too large, there is a risk that the Perforated disc the holding plunger due to the axial tensile force the piston pushes out, causing the holding plungers to hold their Lose stability and none or only a reduced one Can exert restraining force on the perforated disc. In one In such a case, there is a risk that the perforated disc through the axial tensile force of the pistons overstressed and z. B. is bent. It should be borne in mind that due to of existing ones in the functional operation of the axial piston machine Vibrations and the effective on the inclined surfaces Radial force components particularly inclined the holding plungers are to move radially outwards. If, however, the Inclination of the inclined surfaces is too small, there is a risk that the tappets jam on the perforated disc, which the turning operation would be affected and due to wear an insufficient lifespan would be expected.

Another major disadvantage of the known Axial piston machine is that the holding plunger due to their projection into the interior of the housing Assembly or disassembly of the arranged in the interior of the housing Affect components.

The invention has for its object a Restraint device of the type specified above to design that a safe function and a long Lifetime is achievable.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 or 2 solved.

In the embodiment according to the invention according to claim 1 the restraint acts with a non-rotating Component, namely the swash plate together, the Retraction device with one behind it Support device which interacts with the swash plate connected is. This results in a different support for the retraction device, namely on the swash plate which is a mutual support in simple and stable with relatively large support surfaces can be realized, whereby even with a rotating Retraction device a little wear with more secure Support is guaranteed.

In the embodiment according to claim 2 Restraint not on the housing, but on the Swashplate mounted. This also allows the achieve the advantages described above, and also a easy manufacture is possible because the Design features for the arrangement and storage of the Restraint device on the swash plate itself on the latter can be trained easily and inexpensively. this is not only due to the fact that the swashplate is a relatively small component, but it is also a component with a high degree of machining, on which the additional features for the arrangement of the Realize the restraint system efficiently in one go to let.

Claims 3 to 25 contain advantageous Developments of the invention.

According to a development of the invention Restraint device in the functional mode of the Axial piston machine automatically or automatically from one the release device releasing release position in a the retraction work position postponed and after the functional mode was switched off automatically moved back to their release position, the shift into the working position by the Print from an existing, adjacent, or neighboring Pressure chamber or a pressure line and the Shift into the release position by the force of a Spring takes place. By loading the Restraint device with one in the functional operation of the Axial piston machine existing internal pressure or a External pressure, e.g. B. from an adjacent Axial piston machine, can be a simple Generate insertion force that is greater than the required Retraction or pushing force, so that the functional Position of the restraint in its working position is guaranteed. Because of the automatic Adjustment of the restraint in your Release position is not required for assembly or disassembly special attention and no adjustment work applied to the restraint in their To move release position. This is at Ensuring a stabilized retreat facility and safe and easy operation is quick and easy Assembly and disassembly guaranteed.

In an axial piston machine of the present type act in Pump operation or when the axial piston machine in Engine operation performs a braking function on the piston Suction forces that the sliding shoes and thus the Try to lift the retraction device off the swashplate. In the embodiment according to the invention there are Axial loads are harmless even if you use the Overload the retraction device because the latter on the Restraint device an additional support and Stabilization takes place and the loads harmless is able to record.

The retraction device is in the area of the side half of the Arrange the axial piston machine in the area of the pistons perform a suction stroke, this area approximating extends over 180 °. One in the area of this side half, preferably centrally arranged restraint, or several arranged on this side half Restraint devices are for pump operation configured axial piston machine also functional, if the axial piston machine due to a braking function executes an engine operation. In both directions adjustable axial piston machines are one or several restraint systems in the area of both Arrange side halves.

There is a particularly stable support for the Retraction device if the one intended for support Area on the restraint with respect to the Axis of rotation of the axial piston machine is radial surface.

An advantageous embodiment for one The retention device is preferred in cross section circular stop pin, in a radial Guide hole in the housing between the working position and the Release position is slidably mounted. It is advantageous to use the pin in its outer end region to provide a flange to which one between the latter and an inner spring shoulder arranged spring, especially a coil spring to attack and the To apply the stop pin in its release position can. For pneumatic or hydraulic displacement of the pen in its working position can with respect to the Stop pin radially outer hole space through a Channel with the housing interior or with an in Functional operation of the axial piston machine a pressure exhibiting space. Then when the hole space is connected to the housing interior, the channel in the housing wall or run longitudinally in the stop pin. Around to specify a double functional reliability or around the Hole space either with the housing interior or to be able to connect to the pressure chamber, it is advantageous to provide two corresponding channels, one in each Check valve is arranged, which under the effect of each set in the pressure chamber or a pressure Closing spring closes automatically.

It is further advantageous on the subject Side half or on both side halves of the Axial piston machine only one stop pin each to be arranged parallel to the swivel axis of the swash plate. A such housing design can be optionally for non-adjustable or adjustable swash plates can be used. It is it also advantageous to have the stop pin on its the Retraction device facing side convex so no constraints with a swiveling swashplate arise.

It is also advantageous to arrange the stop pin so that between him and the retractor a little Distance exists, which is only dimensioned so large that at one Overloading and deformation of the retraction device in your elastic area of the retraction device on the stop pin strikes before it deforms beyond its yield strength becomes.

It is also advantageous if the support device from the Restraint device is actuated so that the Support device the retraction device only then engages when the restraint is in its Working position, and otherwise releases. At the Operating the restraint is therefore not only the swash plate anchored in the housing, but additionally ensures that the retraction device on the Swashplate is secured. In the disassembly position, at which the restraint is not actuated then not just the swash plate with respect to the housing released, but also securing the Retraction device opposite the swashplate released. In this way, the disassembly can be done easily. at this configuration can be the support device for example, a toothed with the restraint Have axis of rotation, which when pressing the Retention device is rotated. On the axis of rotation, a eccentric extension can be arranged depending on Rotary position of the axis of rotation of the retraction device engages or releases.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine im axialen Teilschnitt;

Fig. 2

eine erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbemaschine in abgewandelter Ausgestaltung im axialen Teilschnitt;

Fig. 3

den Schnitt III-III in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

den Teilschnitt IV-IV in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

einen hydraulischen Schaltplan für eine Einzelheit der erfindungsgemäßen Axialkolbenmaschine;

Fig. 6

eine erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine in weiter abgewandelter Ausgestaltung im axialen Teilschnitt;

Fig. 7

den Schnitt VII-VII in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8

den Teilschnitt VIII-VIII in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

den Ausschnitt IX in Fig. 8 in einer vergrößerten Darstellung; und

Fig. 10

den Ausschnitt X in Fig. 7 in einer vergrößerten Darstellung.

The invention and further advantages which can be achieved by it are explained in more detail below on the basis of several advantageous exemplary embodiments and simplified drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

an axial piston machine according to the invention in partial axial section;

Fig. 2

an axial piston machine according to the invention in a modified configuration in partial axial section;

Fig. 3

the section III-III in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

the partial section IV-IV in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

a hydraulic circuit diagram for a detail of the axial piston machine according to the invention;

Fig. 6

an axial piston machine according to the invention in a further modified embodiment in axial partial section;

Fig. 7

the section VII-VII in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8

the partial section VIII-VIII in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

the section IX in Figure 8 in an enlarged view. and

Fig. 10

the section X in Fig. 7 in an enlarged view.

The main parts of those generally designated 1 Axial piston machine are a housing 2 with one in the Drawing in section visible housing wall 2a, one Encloses interior 3, in which on a shaft 4 Cylinder drum 5 with several, preferably on one Pitch circle distributed and longitudinal cylinder bores 6 are arranged, with a plurality of pistons 7, which in the Cylinder bores 6 are axially displaceable, several sliding shoes 8, which are pivotable, but axially fixed with spherical piston heads 9 at one end of the pistons 7 are connected to a swash plate 11, on the Sloping surface 12 abut the sliding shoes 8 and axially are supported, the swash plate 11 by a perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis of the axial piston machine 1 or the axis of rotation 13 of the shaft 4 extending pivot axis 14 pivotable in a pivot bearing, not shown stored and lockable in the respective swivel position with a retraction device 15, the purpose of which is the contact of the sliding shoes 8 on the inclined surface 12 secure, a retainer 16 which for Stabilization of the retraction device 15 is provided and with a control disc 17 which on the swash plate 11th facing away from the cylinder drum 5 and by means of control slots arranged in the control disk 17 18 and interacting cylinder bore holes 19 in the cylinder drum 5, the promotion of the present Case of hydraulic medium of the axial piston machine 1 controls. By one the cylinder drum 5 against the Control disc 17 biasing spring 21 is a tight System between the cylinder drum 5 and the control disc 17 guaranteed.

The retraction device 15 is provided with a perforated disk 22 for the slide shoes 8 existing holes 23 formed Hole edges of the sliding shoes in the area of tapered Skid heads surrounded with movement and with their the swash plate 11 facing side on a foot flange 24 of the associated slide shoe 8 so that the Foot flange 24 with little movement between the Inclined surface 12 and the perforated disc 22 is held. The Perforated disc 22 itself lies on the swash plate 11 opposite side on a shoulder surface of the shaft 4 or of an attachment or the cylinder drum 5, whereby it in the axial direction facing away from the swash plate 11 is supported. The shoulder surface 25 can also be on one the shaft 4 fixed support ring 26 may be formed. at a swiveling swash plate 11 is the Shoulder surface 25 a spherical ring-shaped surface the perforated disc 22 with an inner support ring 27 is supported with a tangential or concave spherical ring-shaped contact surface on the Shoulder surface 25 abuts.

The retainer 16 is cylindrical or step cylindrical stop pin or pin 31 formed with little movement in a radial Guide hole or a guide bore 32 in the Housing wall 2a is mounted radially displaceable, the radial central axis 33 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 13 and runs parallel to the pivot axis 14 and with respect the latter to the side opposite the control disk 17 is offset. The stop pin 31 is between one radially inserted and shown in the drawing Working position in which its radially inner pin end 34 a shoulder surface 11a facing the control disk 17 the swash plate 11 overlaps and thus the swash plate 11 axially supported, and a radially extended Release position in which the pin end 34 from the Housing interior 3 is pushed out or the Swash plate 22 for axial assembly or disassembly releases, adjustable. The radial shoulder surface 11a in the present embodiment by a recess 11b, here a blind hole, in the swash plate 11 educated. In the present embodiment the recess 11b in the central region of the Swash plate 11, the depth t of the recess 11b a few millimeters, e.g. B. can be about 3 to 5 mm. The Cross-sectional size of the recess 11b is below Taking into account a movement play b larger, than the cross-sectional size of the stop pin 31, so that this fits into the recess 11b with movement play b, as shown in Fig. 1. Preferably the Central axis 33 of the stop pin 31 coaxial with Pivot axis 14 arranged, the recess 11b circular can be formed. If the central axis 33 with respect to the pivot axis 14 axially and possibly also radially is offset, an arc around the Pivot axis 14 curved shape of the shoulder surface 11a, wherein the recess 11b by an arc curved slot can be formed. In the inserted working position, the stop pin 31 rest with its end face against the bottom of the recess 11b and thereby radially support the swash plate 11 or one small distance in the sense of a game of movement from it exhibit.

1, in which the Retention device 16 supports the swash plate 11 directly and directly engages the swash plate 11, one is required Fixing the perforated disc 22 on the swash plate 11 to the Retention effect of the restraint device 16 also on the Let slip shoes 8 take effect. In the present Design is therefore to fix the sliding shoes 8 on the swash plate 11 an additional restraint device, namely a support device 16a is provided which Perforated disc 22 taking into account a play in motion a positively prevents from the sliding surface 12 withdraw. In the present embodiment, the Support device 16a by two diametrically opposed to each other opposite, arranged in mirror image and with the Swashplate 11 connected support parts 16b formed in the present embodiment with an axial Support leg 16c, the radially next to the Retraction device 15 or next to the perforated disk 22 is arranged, and one of the support leg 16c radially inwardly projecting support leg 16d formed are connected in one piece. The support parts 16b can also be connected in one piece to the swash plate 11 be and from this z. B. project axially. In the In the present embodiment, the support parts 16b are separate Parts with a flat base 16e on the flat Sliding surface 12 of the swash plate 11 abut and through Cap screws 16f are screwed to the swash plate 11, each supporting leg 16c in one Grip through hole and into a threaded hole in the Hold the swash plate 11. The radial distances between the support leg 16c and the perforated disc 22 on the one hand and the housing wall 2a on the other hand are each so large to be dimensioned such that the swash plate 11 there is always a radial distance. Between the Support leg 16d and the retractor 15, here the perforated disc 22 is a small axial distance a available. The contact surface of the supporting part leg is one flat surface, creating a low surface pressure and a low wear and a long service life are guaranteed.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the support parts 16b - seen along the axis of rotation 13 - corresponding to the Circumferential edge of the round perforated disc 22 can be curved, whereby a larger overlap area on the supporting part leg 16d is achieved. From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that each support part 16b with several, in particular two, Cap screws 16f can be screwed.

The radially inward movements of the Stop pin 31 are limited by a stop 35. This working position is by a step surface 37 stepped guide bore 32 and one Step surface 38 of the radially outward divergent step trained stop pin 31 determined. On Sealing plug 39 is incorporated into the outside Guide bore 32 screwed in and sealed. to Sealing of the stop pin 31 is one or two Ring seals 41 provided between the wall of the Guide bore 32 and the outer surface of the Stop pin 31 in an annular groove on or on arranged on both sides of the step surfaces 37, 38 and are effective.

The stop pin 31 is in by the force of a spring 40 biased his release position, the present Embodiment is formed by a coil spring that on a flange 31 a at the outer end of the stop pin 31 attacks and that on a step surface 32a of an outer Bore extension 32b of the guide bore 32 abuts.

It is the purpose of the retainer 16 and the Support device 16a, the retraction device 15 against Axially support overloads that come from in the drawing rightward tensile forces result which the Generate piston 7 during a suction stroke and the resultant is indicated by the arrow Fr. For a sufficient It is therefore sufficient if the Restraint device 16 - seen axially - on the side of the Axial piston machine 1 is arranged on which the piston 7th perform the suction strokes. In an axial piston machine 1 with a swiveling swash plate 11, as in the present embodiment is the case Restraint device 16, here the stop pin 31 - longitudinally seen the axis of rotation 13 - in the region of the pivot axis 14 arranged. The in the working position of the Stop pin 31 of the retraction device 15 opposite and preferably with respect to the Axis of rotation 13 radially extending support surface 31b on Stop pin 31 in alignment with the pivot axis 14 are located. To 11 constraints when swiveling the swash plate to avoid the stop pin 31, it is advantageous to Support surface 31b with respect to the central axis 33 of the To round stop pin 31 convex. These characteristics are met a cylindrical shape of the stop pin 31 in simple Way very beneficial. The axial support force of the housing is labeled Fg.

Within the scope of the invention, the distance b can also be omitted, since there is no substantial relative movement between the Swash plates 11 and the stop pin 31 takes place. The Distance a and / or b is a maximum that at one large axial load, the retraction device 15 against the Support surface 31b abuts and the shoulder surface 11a against the Stop pin 31 bumps before the retractor 15 over their elastic deformation range beyond or beyond their Yield point is deformed. This is ensures that only at peak loads Retraction device 15, here the perforated disc 22, in contact with the support leg 16d and indirectly via the Swash plate 11 come into contact with support surface 31b and then effective via the stop pin 31 on the housing 2 can be supported. When the overload stops, return the retraction device 15 due to its elasticity again back to their starting position. This is one Friction in particular between the retraction device 15 and the support leg 16d and between the shoulder surface 11a and the support surface 31b under normal loads of the Axial piston machine 1 avoided, causing frictional wear reduced or when peak loads are not occur is avoided.

In the case of an axial piston machine 1, the swash plate 11 thereof the zero position is pivotable, is on the opposite side a restraint device 16 to be arranged in mirror image accordingly, at Reversal of direction comes into operation.

The hole space located radially outside of the stop pin 31 forms a in the functional operation of the axial piston machine 1 secondary pressure chamber 42 through a channel 43, 44 with a primary pressure chamber is connected, in which Functional operation of the axial piston machine 1 a pressure there prevails through the channel 43, 44 into the pressure chamber 42 reproduces and at the outer end of the stop pin 31st generates a radially inward thrust that the Force of the spring 40 overcomes and the stop pin 31 in shifts his working position.

In the primary pressure chamber, it can e.g. B. the Act housing interior 3, in which is in functional operation the axial piston machine 1 has a sufficient leak pressure that generates the aforementioned thrust can. It should be noted that this Interior pressure on the end face of the pin end 34 a Opposing force is generated and therefore the effective difference surface between the outer and inner face of the Stop pin 31 or the interior pressure correspondingly large is to be measured. In this case one is required Channel connection between the secondary pressure chamber 42 and the Housing interior 3, which by a in the housing wall 2a running channel or through a lengthwise through the Stop pin 31 extending bore 43a may be formed can. In another embodiment, the pressure space 42 through a running in the housing wall 2a, for. B. by a longitudinal bore formed channel 44 with a Functional operation a working or control pressure having pressure line of the axial piston machine or adjacent hydraulic unit (external pressure) connected be, whereby this working or control pressure or External pressure should be so great that it is the force of the spring 40 overcoming thrust generated. In this case too that of the interior pressure on the inner face of the Stop pin 31 counter force generated and the difference area between the outer and inner End face of the stop pin 31 or the working or To measure control or external pressure accordingly large.

One of each is sufficient for safe operation two channels 43, 44 out. In order to improve the Adaptability of the axial piston machine 1 to both of the aforementioned Pressure sources, both channels 43, 44 can be present at the same time be, with only one or both channels to the associated Pressure source can be connected. In the latter case a check valve 45, 46 in both channels 43, 44 to arrange, the valve body 47, 48 in the direction of the associated pressure source closes. The valve bodies 47, 48 can be biased into their closed position by a spring be or they can be arranged freely movable without a spring his.

If channel 44 is not connected and the Housing interior 3 is used as primary pressure chamber 49, plants in the functional mode that in the interior 3 existing pressure through channel 43 in the secondary Pressure chamber 42 continues where it is at the outer end of the stop pin 31 the insertion force for displacing the stop pin 31 generated in its working position. That closes Check valve 46 automatically by its valve body 48th under the existing pressure against the associated Valve seat 51 moves. On the other hand, channel 44 is connected to one primary pressure chamber connected, then the Stop pin 31 by this pressure in his Working position shifted, the valve body 47 of the Check valve 45 on the associated valve seat 52 closes automatically, creating pressure inside the housing 3 remains unaffected and there are no leakage losses.

The check valves 45, 46 limit a closed one Pressure chamber system in which the pressure has to be released, before e.g. B. for disassembly of the swash plate 11 or Retraction device 15 of the stop pin 31 in its Release position is displaceable. This can e.g. B. by a at least slightly opening the sealing plug 39 respectively. Another measure to relax yourself or delayed relaxation of the pressure chamber system in that the pressure chamber system by a small or throttled channel with the return system or the tank too connect, the throttle in order to avoid Power losses should be as small as possible. On such relaxation channel 53 with a throttle 54 can, for. B. be arranged in the plug 39, as is the drawing suggestively shows.

It is especially the case with a larger one Stroke of the stop pin 31 advantageous, the annulus between the step surfaces 37, 38 to ventilate or through a channel with an essentially unpressurized Connect the line for the hydraulic medium. This can through an indicated channel 55, the z. B. to the tank for the hydraulic Medium extends.

2, in the same or Comparable parts with the same reference numerals are, the support device 16a is formed the same as 1, however, is the Restraint device 16, in contrast to FIG. 1, is not on Housing 2, but arranged on the swash plate 11 and between a radially inserted release position and a radially extended working position in which the Stop pin 31 a shoulder surface 2b on the housing 2nd engages behind and thereby axially in the direction of the pistons 7 is supported, slidably mounted. Here too is the at least one stop pin 31 by a spring 40 in its release position biased and by a pressure in a pressure space 42 in adjacent to the stop pin 31 his working position can be applied. This one too Design is the round stop pin 31 with a Piston 56 and one projecting radially outward therefrom Piston shaft 57 designed as a stepped piston. The piston 56 is approximately radial and in the central area of the Swash plate 11 arranged and on its peripheral surface emerging blind bore 58 and mounted in each case by the one surrounding the piston skirt 57 Coil spring formed spring 40 towards the bottom the blind bore 58 biased. The spring 40 acts on the one hand against the piston ring surface and on the other hand against an abutment shoulder 59, the z. B. by a Circlip can be formed, which in an inner groove the wall of the blind bore 58 is inserted. The depth of the Blind bore 58 and the lengths of the piston 56 and the Piston shaft 57 are coordinated so that in the inserted release position (Fig. 3 above) Stop pin 31 a distance from the inner surface of the Has housing wall 2a and in the pushed out Working position of the stop pin 31 is approximately radial Shoulder surface 2b engages behind the piston 7 in the axial Direction is facing away and thereby the supporting force Fg provide the abutment for the piston forces Fr can. In this embodiment too, the shoulder surface can 2b through a recess 2c or blind hole in the Inner lateral surface of the housing wall 2a can be formed. How 1 is also in the embodiment of FIG 2 to 4, the supporting force of the Housing 2 designated F, which due to Transfer effect of the support device 16a also on Support leg 16d is effective.

The secondary located in the bottom of the blind bore 58 Pressure chamber 42 is through at least one or at the present embodiment also two channels 61, 62 each connected to a primary pressure room. It stretches a common for both aforementioned channels 61, 62 Channel 63 z. B. secantial through the swash plate 11, wherein this channel is an enlarged transverse or axial Channel section 64 cuts into which a valve cartridge 65 is firmly used, e.g. B. is screwed. The channels 61, 62 extend opposite to each other from the valve space a shuttle valve 66 in which a valve body, for. Legs Valve ball 67, coaxial to the channels 61, 62 movable is stored and its openings to the channels 61, 62nd can mutually close and open. The one with 61 designated channel opens into the housing interior 3, while the channel designated 62 by a throttled Channel connection 68, the associated slide shoe 8 and axially penetrates a piston head 9, with the associated Piston chamber and thus with a known hydrostatic pressure relief for the shoe 8 and the associated piston head 9 is connected. The pistons 7 are preferably designed as a hollow piston. In the Above described configuration, the stop pin 31 both from the working pressure and from the housing interior pressure optionally applied and in its working position are pushed out, the valve body 67 each a lower pressure channel 61, 62 closes automatically. In functional mode, the Working pressure the application of pressure space 42 take. In contrast, the housing interior pressure can Applying pressure when the working pressure drops, e.g. B. immediately after a shutdown of the Axial piston machine 1, one even after switching off housing interior pressure still existing for a certain time Stop pin 31 in its extended working position can hold.

In the extended position, the Ejecting movement of the stop pin or pins 31 through Stop on abutment 59 limited so that the Stop pin 31 a radial distance c from the bottom of the Has recess 2b and thus no radial stresses between the swash plate 11 and the housing wall 2b consist.

After a long downtime or in the event of disassembly the axial piston machine 1, the spring 40 can Move stop pin 31 to its release position, in the swash plate 11 is easily removable.

As with the first embodiment explained, it is sufficient for effective axial retention the retraction device 15 when a stop pin 31 preferably in the middle area of the suction or Druckhubababschnitt the piston 7 is present. For the purpose of symmetrical support or with such Axial piston machines in which the swash plate 11 over their O position is also adjustable, e.g. B. for the purpose Reversal of direction of rotation, it is advantageous to both sides the axis of rotation 13 a restraint 16 and also a To provide support device 16a, as shown in Fig. 2nd is shown. In this case, both channels intersect 63 the channel 64 containing the valve cartridge 65 for the purpose Connection to channels 61, 62. The valve cartridge 65 has one or more radial in the area of the valve chamber Connection holes that open into the channel or channels 63.

Fig. 5 shows the hydraulic control of the or Restraint devices schematically, wherein in the channels 61, 62 each have a throttle 69, 71 for the purpose of throttling the Working pressure or the internal pressure of the housing is arranged.

In the context of the invention, the restraint device 16 or can the retention devices 16 in the center or - as can be seen from Fig. 3 - offset by a dimension d and thus be arranged off-center. It is in the frame the invention also possible that the pivot axis 14 and Central axis 31 of the retention device 16 coaxial are arranged to each other (not shown). Furthermore it is also possible in the context of the invention that two round stop pins arranged opposite one another 31 can form the swivel bearing of the swash plate 11, if the recesses 2c, 11b receiving the stop pins 31 Bearing recesses are and especially through bearing holes are formed. This applies both to the design according to 1 as well as for that of FIGS. 2 to 4.

It is also possible within the scope of the invention (FIG. 3) that hole 66 penetrated by the shaft 4 in the swash plate 11 to be arranged eccentrically to the side see (c) in housing 2, to which the pivot axis 14 and / or the central axis 31 is offset. This eccentricity can be less than c be the offset dimension d and preferably about half as large his.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the swash plate 11 on their back 2 an obtuse angle W with each other enclosing contact surfaces 11c, 11d, which are preferably are even, and with which they are minimal and in their position maximum swivel angle on the opposite end wall 2d of the housing 2 is present. The swash plate 11 not only in their pivoting end positions, but with the Vertex 67 also in optional intermediate positions on the Front wall 2d abut and be axially supported, which the Swivel bearing formed or the existing on both sides Swivel bearings of the swash plate 11 are relieved and thus can be less stable. The plant of the Contact surfaces 11c, 11d are particularly advantageous if two stop pins 31 form the pivot bearing as it Fig. 4 shows a hint.

6 to 10 show a further embodiment an axial piston machine according to the invention 1. This Embodiment largely agrees with that based on 2 to 4 described embodiments. For the same or equivalent parts became the same Assign reference numerals so that a repetitive description is unnecessary.

The difference to that explained with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 Embodiment is that the support device 16a the retraction device 15 is not continuous reaches behind, but only reaches behind if the Restraint 16 in its extended Working position. If the restraint 16, however, in their undeployed basic position is, the support device 16a gives the Retraction device 15 free. This makes disassembly easier the axial piston machine 1 essential.

In the illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 10 Embodiment comprises the support device 16a each a rotary shaft 80. On the rotary shaft 80 is a eccentric, in the exemplary embodiment plate-shaped, Extension 81 arranged or in one piece with the rotary shaft 80 educated. The rotary shaft 80 is engaged with the stop pin 31 of the retainer 16. If the Stop pin 31 of that shown in Fig. 7 Home position in the working position shown in Fig. 6 is shifted, this translational movement of the Stop pin 31 a rotational movement of the rotary shaft 80 and thus rotation of the eccentric extension 81 on each Rotary shaft 80. The eccentric extension 81 is so arranged that he only the retraction device 15th engages when the stop pin 31 of the Restraint device 16 is in its working position, as shown in Fig. 6. If the Stop pin 31, however, in its shown in Fig. 7 Basic position, so the eccentric reaches behind Extension 81 of the two rotary shafts 80 the retraction device 15 not, so that the retraction device 15 and thus connected components can be easily disassembled.

As can be seen both from FIG. 9, which shows the detail IX in Fig. 8 enlarged, as well as from Fig. 10, the the section X in Fig. 7 shows enlarged, has the stop pin 31 has a toothing 82 with a Teeth 83 meshes on the rotary shaft 80. in the The exemplary embodiment is the toothing 82 of the Stop pin 31 on a flat 84 of the Stop pin 31 formed in the manner of a rack. The Alternatively, toothing 82 could also be provided on the Circumferential surface of the stop pin 31 circumferential grooves be trained. The rotating shaft 80 is in the range in which it is in engagement with the stop pin 31, as Gear wheel with teeth 85 arranged circumferentially distributed educated. The rotary shaft 80 stands by the toothing 83 in operative connection with the associated stop pin 31, that with a shift or translation movement of the Stop pin 31, the rotary shaft 80 a rotary movement performs.

In the described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 10 Embodiments are particularly advantageous in that the actuation of the restraint device 16 is both a Anchoring the swash plate 11 to the housing 2, as well the retraction device 15 on the swash plate 11 is effected automatically or automatically. Once in the housing interior 3 adjusts a housing interior pressure or A system pressure is present via the channel connection 68 the retention device 16 actuated and causes the anchoring described. When dismantling this anchoring automatically reset, causing Maintenance work can be simplified considerably.

Claims (24)

Axial piston machine (1) with a housing (2), with a cylinder drum (5) rotatably arranged in a housing interior (3), in which a plurality of cylinder bores (6) are formed, in which pistons (7) are movably guided, which are guided by sliding shoes (8) supported on a swash plate (11), with a retraction device (15), on which the sliding shoes (8) are supported during the retraction movement of the pistons (7), and with a restraint device (16) movable against a spring (40) for supporting the retraction device (15) on the housing (2),
characterized in that the retraction device (15) is engaged on its side facing away from the swash plate (11) by a support device (16a) connected to the swash plate (11) and
that the retaining device (16) on the swash plate (11) is arranged to be essentially radially movable and can be moved into a working position in which it engages behind a shoulder surface (2b) on the housing (2). Axial piston machine according to claim 1,
characterized in that the retaining device (16) is acted upon by an adjacent pressure chamber (42) such that the retaining device (16) is pushed into the working position when a pressure is present in the pressure chamber (42), the pressure chamber (42) also the housing interior (3) and / or a line (44) carrying pressure in the operating state of the axial piston machine is connected, and
that the retaining device (16) is acted upon by the spring (40) in such a way that the retaining device (16) is displaced into a release position which releases the shoulder surface (11a; 2b) when the pressure chamber (42) is essentially depressurized. Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the retaining device (16) is arranged with respect to the longitudinal central axis (13) of the axial piston machine (1) on the side on which the pistons (7) each perform a suction stroke, or a retaining device (16) is arranged on both sides. Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the retaining device (16) is formed by one or more stop pins (31) spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the housing (2), each in an approximately radial guide (32, 58) in the housing (2) or on the swash plate (11) are displaceable between their working position engaging behind the shoulder surface (11a; 2b) and a release position releasing them. Axial piston machine according to claim 4,
characterized in that the guide is a guide hole (32), in particular a stepped hole, and the stop pin (31) is a particularly stepped pin or pin. Axial piston machine according to claim 5,
characterized in that a stop or a step surface (37, 38) limits the movement of the stop pin (31) into its working position. Axial piston machine according to claim 6,
characterized in that the stop pin (31) in its working position has a distance (c) at the end from an opposite surface of the housing (2) or the swash plate (11). Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the swash plate (11) is pivotally mounted in a pivot bearing about a transverse pivot axis (14). Axial piston machine according to claim 8,
characterized in that the retaining device (16) is formed by a stop pin (31) which, on one or both sides, in an axial plane of the axial piston machine (1) containing the pivot axis (14) with respect to the axis of rotation (13) of the axial piston machine (1) the axial piston machine (1) is arranged. Axial piston machine according to one of claims 4 to 9,
characterized,
the stop pin (31) is convexly rounded on its side facing the shoulder surface (11a, 2b), preferably has a cylindrical cross-sectional shape. Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the shoulder surface (11a; 2b) on the swash plate (11) or on the housing (2) is formed by a recess (11b; 2c), in particular by a blind bore. Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the support device (16a) is formed by an annular or at least two radially opposite support parts (16c), each of which extends axially towards the cylinder drum (5) from the swash plate (11) and thereby the retraction device ( 15) reaches over and behind. Axial piston machine according to claim 12,
characterized in that the support part (s) (16c) is or are each formed by a separate component which is attached to the side of the swash plate (11) axially facing the cylinder drum (5), preferably by at least one screw (16f). Axial piston machine according to claim 12 or 13,
characterized in that the support part (s) (16c) is or are curved in a circular or arc-shaped manner with respect to the central axis of the cylinder drum (5). Axial piston machine according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized in that two retaining devices (16) arranged opposite one another form the pivot bearing for the swash plate (11). Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the retaining device (16) is offset transversely by a dimension (d) with respect to a longitudinal center plane of the cylinder drum (5). Axial piston machine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that between the retaining device (16) and the shoulder surface (11a; 2b) and / or between the support device (16a) and the retraction device (15) there is an axial distance (a and / or b) which is dimensioned so large is that in the functional operation of the axial piston machine (1) the retraction device (15) abuts the restraint device (16) before the retraction device (15) is deformed beyond its elastic deformation limit. Axial piston machine according to claim 2,
characterized in that the pressure chamber (42) is connected to the housing interior (3) by a first connecting channel (43) running in the associated housing wall (2a) or in the swash plate (11) or longitudinally in the stop pin (31). Axial piston machine according to claim 18,
characterized in that the pressure-carrying line has a second connecting channel (44) in the housing wall (2a) opening into the pressure chamber (42). Axial piston machine according to claim 19,
characterized in that a check valve (45, 46) is arranged in each of the connecting channels (43, 44). Axial piston machine according to claim 20,
characterized in that the pressure chamber system delimited by the check valves (45, 46) and containing the pressure chamber (42) is connected by a throttled line (53) to a line of correspondingly low pressure (return line, leak line or tank). Axial piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 21,
characterized in that the support device (16a) is actuated by the restraint device (16) such that the support device (16a) only engages behind the retraction device (15) when the restraint device (16) is in its working position and otherwise releases it. Axial piston machine according to claim 22,
characterized in that the support device (16a) comprises one or more axes of rotation (80), on each of which an eccentric extension (81) is arranged which, depending on the rotational position of the axis of rotation (80), engages behind or releases the retraction device (15). Axial piston machine according to claim 23,
characterized in that the retaining device (16) comprises one or more stop pins (31) spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the housing (2), the stop pins (31) having a toothing (82) into each of which a toothing (83) of the axes of rotation (80) of the support device (16a) engages.

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