EP1480922A1

EP1480922A1 - Fibrous non-woven material, non-woven body and non-woven composite body, method for producing a fibrous non-woven material, and use of the same

Info

Publication number: EP1480922A1
Application number: EP02719910A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christoph Grieger; Pieter Jacob Ijben; Lothar Rauer; Hans-Jürgen STEIGER
Original assignee: Foundation for Development Aid ACP-EEC ASBL
Priority date: 2002-02-25
Filing date: 2002-02-25
Publication date: 2004-12-01
Also published as: WO2003070656A9; AU2002251005A1; WO2003070656A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a fibrous non-woven material, a non-woven material body and a non-woven composite body, a method for producing a non-woven material, and the use of the same. Fibrous bamboo particles, bamboo fibres or bamboo fibre bundles are combined to form a non-woven material, preferably using auxiliary composite elements, such as natural fibres. Said non-woven material is produced by mechanically opening and crushing bamboo shoots, creating a mixture comprising an adhesive auxiliary material, and applying said mixture to a non-woven forming surface, and the fibrous non-woven material is fixed in order to form a non-woven material body.

Description

Nonwoven material, nonwoven material body and composite body and method for producing a nonwoven material and use thereof

The invention relates to a nonwoven material, a nonwoven material body made of such nonwoven material and a nonwoven material composite body, a method for producing such a nonwoven material and using such a nonwoven material body.

Nonwovens are known as textile fabrics, the connection of which is given by the fiber adhesion. A distinction is made according to the type of production of mechanically, aerodynamically, hydrodynamically formed fiber nonwovens with very different consolidation variants and spunbonded nonwovens.

Sewing is one of the highly productive mechanical textile technologies for the production of textile fabrics, in which Mauersberger's modified procedures have often been used to mechanically consolidate thread layers, fabrics or non-woven fabrics with threads. Well-known examples of this approach are products such as Malimo, Maliwatt, Malivlies and Malikustik. Furthermore, it is known that a blown, pressed and stiffened non-woven fiber fleece is used as the thin textile fabric. It is commercially available as a fleece and is used as an interlining.

In the production of geotextiles from flax short fibers, up to 50% polypropylene fibers were mixed in and the fleece made from the mixture was mechanically consolidated by needling and sewing. An important prerequisite is the very extensive preparation with differently developed process steps for de-cutting, shaving separation, cleaning and, if necessary, tinting. Here you have to deal with yield values of approx. 20%, based on the straw weight used.

Bamboo fiber felt is produced according to JP-05321107 A by mixing 20% by weight of fine-fiber polyethylene (PE) with bamboo fibers by heating the resulting material mixture to 140 ° C. for 10 minutes after a kind of forced mixing (needle punching). For the production of a fiberboard, it is known from JP-10310964 A to produce a mixture of bamboo fibers and other plant fibers, for example hemp fibers in a proportion by mass of 30% to 70% with thermoplastic fibers (such as polyethylene) and to produce plates therefrom which are then used up to Softening of the thermoplastic fibers should be heated and thereby achieve a bond with the natural fibers.

JP 10-058411A discloses a “composite” laminate plate made of bamboo particles. Fine dried pieces of bamboo split in the fiber direction are mixed with 10% by mass of phenolic resin and then arranged in the fiber direction as a structural layer. Smaller bamboo particles are placed on top of this as a vibration-absorbing layer. The formation of laminate should be achieved by alternately placing the above layers on top of one another and then pressing and curing several layers together.

Mat-like structures are e.g. in India and China by manual interlacing of long thin bamboo chips (single chip thickness <1 mm) produced by multiple splitting of the straws and subsequent pressing of up to 3 individual chips. They have become known under the acronym BMB (Bamboo at Board). This creates plywood-like panels with the well-known good elastic properties of bamboo, which, depending on their surface and their technologically influenceable internal structure, are to be used for a variety of uses in packaging technology, for furniture production and also in the construction industry. The production of the above Mats are very labor-intensive and take place predominantly in manufacturing-like production facilities. The limitation to BMB thicknesses <3 mm, the limited deformability of the BMBs and the unsatisfactory exposure of the surfaces of the bamboo fiber cells as a reinforcing material for technical applications as the actual carrier of the elastic properties of the BMB starting material bamboo must be mentioned as particular disadvantages.

DE 19831433 A1 discloses raw material processing for the extraction of bamboo fibers, which are suitable as reinforcing materials in matrix materials, in the form of mechanical bamboo fiberization to expose as many microfibrils formed on the surfaces of the bamboo particles, in particular the parenchyma cells, which creates the conditions for this that in lengths <60 - 65 mm technically producible, very bulky bamboo particles can mechanically combine with other finely divided fibers.

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a nonwoven material, a nonwoven material body and a nonwoven material composite body, a method for producing a nonwoven material and uses of the nonwoven material body, the nonwoven material and the elements produced therefrom having a superior specific strength per unit weight and a high resistance to external Have influences and should be able to be produced advantageously, as well as have superior strength properties for use as filler material, reinforcement material, stabilizing material or for the production of fiber composite materials.

The above object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 9, 12 and 19.

Advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the subclaims.

The invention is based in principle on the knowledge that bamboo material comminuted appropriately, preferably dry or moist into fibrous particles, fibers or fiber bundles, because of its tensile strength, which is far superior to that of other grasses and types of wood, and further advantageous bamboo fiber properties for forming nonwoven material with a wide range of possible uses as a fiber composite material , Insert, sheathing or reinforcement material can be used in that the bamboo particles, fibers or fiber bundles, which are inherently opposed to forming a nonwoven, can be used and suitably modified to form a nonwoven fabric in such a way that this bamboo material has a relatively small proportion with finely divided or Delicate auxiliaries, in particular auxiliary fibers, preferably natural fibers from renewable raw materials and / or plastic fibers for a nonwoven formation are mixed and in this way to an extraordinarily high old fleece material can be processed. For example, an aerodynamic swirling and / or mixture formation process of fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles with a matrix material connecting them, preferably finely divided natural and / or plastic fibers, such as fibrous components hemp and / or maize straw or fine-particle thermoplastic fibers, an extremely resilient non-woven fabric, in particular tangled non-woven fabric, especially in connection with needle- or lancet-shaped bamboo particles, whereby the mixtures can be converted into a non-woven fabric structure via a mechanical feed system, the finer the more the preferably fibrous components added to the bamboo particles, ie the auxiliary materials (auxiliary fibers) connecting the bamboo particles into a matrix. At the same time, these preferably have a matrix structure that elastically connects the bamboo particles. Biodegradable, short-fiber plastic materials or corresponding plastic flakes that can be injected into fluid flows of the bamboo particles or aerosol plastic binder mist or small-part adhesion promoters can also preferably be used as auxiliary fibers. A transfer of shredded bamboo into a fleece-like fabric with a basis weight depending on the intended use creates difficulties without the use of fine-particle fibrous additives or the aforementioned adhesive connectors or plastic or natural fiber binders, even if very slim bamboo particles with a length <60 mm and a diameter <1.0 mm with conventional nonwoven fiber technology known from textile technology to be shaped into a manageable fabric.

The peculiarities of the solution according to the invention are seen in a mixture processing taking into account the structural structure of the bamboo particles, in particular their rigidity and their high mechanical strength on the one hand and in the advantageous fiber adhesion and nonwoven production effect of auxiliaries connecting these bamboo particles on the other hand.

The exposure of as many microfibrils as possible, which are formed on the surfaces of the bamboo particles, in particular the parenchyma cells, creates the adhesion requirements for the connection with other connection or additives, in particular the mechanical connection with other finely divided natural or plastic fibers or adhesion promoters, so that one aerodynamic fleece formation is made possible.

It does not matter whether you manufacture the different fibers (bamboo and non-bamboo fibers) together in an air or gas-conditioned preparation stage with a defibration function and then the fleece-forming process or whether Because of the different fiber-specific results of the fiberization, the separation into particles of different length or diameter classes for the bamboo and adhesion-promoting or auxiliary fibers, which also have a significant influence on the flexibility of the nonwoven, is carried out in different units and only then the fiber-shaped components or the bamboo fiber material and auxiliary components are mixed.

The starting materials used are preferably broken down in a substance-specific manner so that, in particular in the fibrous bamboo particles, a high proportion of them with a high degree of slenderness (ratio length I to diameter d; λ = l / d) λ at 10 <λ <100, with regard to the auxiliary component, such as eg for hemp and maize straw, the non-fibrous components of which can be separated relatively easily after cutting. Depending on the defibration conditions (as described for example in DE-OS 198 31 433 A1), with bamboo as the feed material, a mass spread of 95-99% as fiber-containing particles can take place. The mixture of such fiber-containing particle streams with different mass fractions, parallel to it finely defibrated natural fiber raw material or plastic fibers can be solved in various ways using fluid technology and leads to a product, the properties and density of which prove the usability for the production of random fiber nonwovens.

So while fiber fleece based on the pure use of shredded bamboo material encounters practical difficulties due to the lack of fiber adhesive properties of the pure bamboo material, the use of adhesive additives, such as e.g. from renewable raw materials, e.g. Hemp fibers containing finely divided auxiliary fibers or also plastic fibers, to form a nonwoven material with surprising nonwoven formation and strength properties, the nonwoven material of this type both as a single layer and as a multi-layer composite body to form an excellent fiber reinforcement material, e.g. for lightweight construction of highly stressed building materials or for stabilization in earthworks (for soil stabilization).

The underlying cause of this effect can be found in the microscopic surface roughness on the longitudinal sides of the bamboo particles and fibers exposed to the previous defibrillation and in the surface roughness. fixing, interlocking, finely divided auxiliary fibers, so that one or more fiber- or fiber bundle-like particles are relatively loosened by auxiliary fibers looping around them and / or mechanically and / or materially connected to them in another way (e.g. from hemp) contiguous fabrics to be fixed later can be transferred.

A connection effect of finely divided natural or plastic fibers in connection with the use of bamboo particles is preferably enhanced by the fact that the particle surfaces are occupied with more or less large proportions of the aforementioned microfibrils depending on the assignment to fiber or intermediate cell areas (parenchyma areas) , These have an average depth of »0.1 μm, are inclined at approx. 45 ° against a direction of growth of the starting stalk and are mainly arranged parallel to each other (see Liese, W: The anatomy of Bambus culms, 18th Technical Report, International Network for Bamboo and Rattan 1998, Beijing, PR of China). In this way, the best prerequisites for connecting differently long and thick fiber particles to one another are provided by the fine-particle flexible auxiliary fibers introduced.

The production of loosely coherent nonwovens with or without leading longitudinal alignment of as many fiber particles as possible, their subsequent fixation and possibly related or subsequent refinement in the sense of surface treatments, thermal treatments and / or additional mechanical deformations makes especially for bamboo as a typical representative of the plant family the sweet grasses make special sense because of the high mechanical strength of bamboo. When using bamboo particles, it is important that they are preferably coarse-fiber needle and / or lancet-shaped bamboo fiber particles with diameters of 0.1 + 0.5 mm <dp _art <2 3 mm and lengths in the range 4 + 6 mm <l _Part <50 + 60 mm are used and the surface roughness exposed by the mechanical fiber preparation process is used to the greatest extent possible as an adhesion promoter for the fibers that are admixed with admixed auxiliaries, in particular fibers that are as thin and flexible as possible, e.g. from flax, hemp and / or thermoplastic plastics Connection of the bamboo particles can be used with each other. The extreme bending and tensile strength properties of bamboo stalks comparable to those of natural fibers with its fiber cell content <50% can also be used in individual bamboo fiber particles / bundles Carry because the bamboo fiber bundles produced by mainly splitting processing practically meet at least 100 + 150 individual fiber cells (diameters of d _F <15 + 30 μm, and a length I of 1 mm <I ≤ 2.2 mm) according to the above geometric criteria fiber bundle cross-section to be installed and because, depending on the fiber bundle length, approx. 25 + 50 individual fiber cells are strung together.

The nonwoven material preferably consists essentially of bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles and / or fibrous bamboo particles, while the auxiliary material, in particular auxiliary fiber material, has a maximum of 25% by weight of the total weight of the nonwoven composite. The proportion of auxiliary fiber material can also be significantly smaller, e.g. only a few percent by weight.

The fiber material preferably contains at least bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles with fiber or fiber bundle lengths in the range from approximately 3 mm to 75 mm.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven material contains fibrous bamboo particles with a slenderness degree λ of approximately 10 to 100 in a diameter range of the bamboo particles of approximately 0.1 mm to 3 mm.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the nonwoven material has a weight per unit area of between approximately 100 g / m ² to 2,500 g / m ² and / or _. Material thickness from approx. 0.1 mm to approx. 50 mm.

The nonwoven material is preferably stabilized by the use of hardening fixing agents or by strengthening pressure and / or heat application, in particular also when using thermoplastic (i.e. meltable) plastic fibers as auxiliary materials. The fibrous bamboo particles and fibers can, however, be "crosslinked" by non-fibrous auxiliaries to form a nonwoven material, for example by drop-shaped adhesion promoters or binders to form a fiber composite, although the use of natural or plastic fibers is preferred.

The aforementioned object is further achieved by a nonwoven material body consisting of a nonwoven material of the aforementioned type, preferably a plurality of such nonwoven material bodies can be sandwiched under a nonwoven material composite body Use of adhesion promoters are formed in multiple layers, whereby the individual layers or layers of the nonwoven material can be formed from layers of different compositions containing bamboo material, or also individual layers or layers only from natural fiber or plastic fiber material without particles or fibers from bamboo material, whereby the mechanical and other strength properties of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material composite body thus obtained can be precisely adapted to the desired application.

With regard to the method for producing a nonwoven material, the aforementioned object is achieved according to the invention by mechanically breaking up and / or shredding bamboo stalks into fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles, producing a mixture of these bamboo materials with an adhesion promoter Auxiliary, in particular by producing a fiber mixture with finely divided natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers formed from renewable raw materials and depositing the mixture on a nonwoven formation surface with relative movement between this nonwoven formation surface and a feed device for the mixture, in particular fiber mixture, and subsequent fixing of the fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles of the nonwoven material to form a nonwoven material body.

The fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles are preferably mixed with a relatively small proportion of finely structured natural and / or plastic fibers, in particular aerodynamically intensively mixed in a fluid flow before application to the nonwoven formation surface.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the fibrous bamboo particles have a high degree of slenderness λ of approximately 10 <λ <100 and a particle diameter in the range of approximately 0.1 mm to 3 mm after mixing with finely divided natural and / or plastic Fibers in a proportion of 2 to 25% by weight, preferably 20% by weight, using mechanical and / or pneumatic metering and equalizing agents and are formed in particular with simultaneous or subsequent application of heat and / or pressure to form a nonwoven material body. A material feed of the components of the nonwoven material body to be formed preferably follows from a single or from a plurality of independently working feed lines, in which a material composition can be variable.

Preferably, in particular with regard to those particles and fibers which form an outer side of the nonwoven material body, said nonwoven material body can be oriented in a longitudinal orientation, and the nonwoven material body is subjected to mechanical consolidation and / or a thermal and pressure treatment and / or a surface treatment and / or a finishing , Individual layers within the single-layer nonwoven material body made of nonwoven material can also be deposited with different fiber orientation (e.g. influencing the particles and fibers by electrostatic fields) to improve the adhesion of the fibers, and in the case of multilayer nonwoven material composite bodies, the individual layers can be placed in alternating, e.g. pointed or rectangular fiber orientation are formed.

This is preferably followed by a plastic shaping treatment of the fiber nonwoven material formed in this way or, using adhesion promoters, a sandwich-like combination of several layers to form a nonwoven material composite body.

Uses of the nonwoven material according to the invention are set out in claims 34 to 47.

Further preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are set out in the remaining subclaims.

Preferably, the present invention permits the production of nonwovens using fibers or fiber bundles from stalks of renewable fiber-containing raw materials, such as bamboo, together with the use of fiber-containing raw materials available in large quantities with fiber particles which are as finely divided as possible, with application-related treatment steps during and after the nonwoven material the nonwoven formation is given special material properties, tailored to the application in question. Preferably, for the production of the nonwoven material following mechanical processing, preferably as in DE-A 198 31 433 A1, disrupted, fibrous bamboo particles, bamboo fibers or bamboo fiber bundles with a high degree of slenderness λ between approx. 10 and 100 and particle diameters in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 to 3 mm, these are mixed intensively with relatively small proportions of fine-grained natural or plastic fibers and then can be placed aerodynamically on a movable nonwoven underlay using mechanical and / or pneumatic dosing and equalization systems. The material supply can preferably be carried out in one or more lines working independently of one another, the material composition of the material coming from the individual supply lines being preferably variable and the material supply in individual, in particular the outer layers of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material body produced in this way is combined with a longitudinal orientation of the serpentine, fibrous particles, preferably after the formation of the fleece, taking into account different basis weights and the material composition of individual layers, fixing the particle bearings appears to be obsolete and, depending on the intended use of the fleece material, mechanical strengthening, superimposed thermal and / or pressure treatment, a surface treatment and possibly a packaging is exposed.

Preferred further process steps depending on the intended use of the nonwoven material body are, in particular, post-treatment for thermal and / or mechanical consolidation of the nonwoven material, for reshaping the same and / or for special surface treatment. With regard to the mechanical implementation, machine and / or process engineering solutions from mechanical engineering, e.g. with mechanical ladder devices and vibrating transport devices in the production of multi-layer wood fiber boards with different orientation of wood particles in individual layers (so-called OSB boards) or the fiber orientation in the electrostatic field from applications in food technology.

Depending on the application, the materials made of bamboo are preferably processed into fibrous particles, fibers and / or fiber bundles with variable fiber bundle length distribution and / or fiber bundle thickness distribution and variable proportions of fibrous particles, fibers or fiber bundle proportions in the throughput of associated systems or per nonwoven surface to be produced or without pretreatment and removal Direction of the fiber components to influence their surface properties in the respective matrix system with the addition of finely structured auxiliaries, such as finely structured, flexible natural and / or plastic fibers converted into nonwoven material, with and / or without preferred positions (orientations) of the nonwoven components.

To achieve additional input properties of the bamboo fiber fleeces and / or the bamboo fiber bundles contained therein, which are dependent on the respective intended use, special pretreatment steps such as impregnations for influencing the shrinkage behavior, chemical and / or physical treatments of the fibers for influencing fiber surface and deformation properties can be used as further design features of the invention as well as additional drying processes are provided. Such treatment steps are to be combined with the fixing of the particle layers and should be selected depending on the later use of the nonwovens.

The chemical resistance of the bamboo fibers, which lies in a wide pH range for natural fibers with 5 <pH <12, will be an advantage. Likewise, if later forming is intended, it must be taken into account that the short-term thermal stability can be described as T <200 ° C and that, according to the current state of knowledge, the permanent thermal load ends at limit values T <180 ° C.

Likewise, post-treatment steps such as special measures for fiber alignment during the nonwoven formation process, for surface treatment of the nonwovens, e.g. by spraying on hardening fiber-fixing emulsions such as latex or water glass, but also water-soluble reactive resins etc. and / or sealing measures such as thermal pressure consolidation with or without the application of a cover layer made of non-fibrous material are provided.

Application-related aspects of bamboo fiber nonwovens must preferably take into account that the particles contained therein have a number of properties that are not particularly common in this cluster of natural products. In particular, the following should be mentioned: the species-dependent high mechanical strength (comparable to structural steel), associated with an elongation at break of <9% and the Structural structure of most types of bamboo with bundles distributed in the bamboo straw cross-section and consisting of hollow self-contained fiber cells (l _FZ <2.2 mm, 0 _F z ≤ 15-30 μm) and also surrounding closed closed parenchyma cells of different length and thickness, which is what Always consisting of several fiber and parenchyma cells or remnants of them firmly connected in the axial and radial direction, predestined for absorbing external static loads as well as periodic or stochastic vibrational loads including sound and shock waves and damping or reducing them ,

Through the use of bamboo particles and / or fibers in connection with these nonwoven forming elements connecting them to a nonwoven material, preferably from other renewable fiber-containing raw materials or plastics, the nonwoven formation according to the invention has the following advantages over traditional processes for forming nonwovens and the products produced thereby:

Selection options for different reinforcement materials and their possible different preparation,

Large range of variation for the nonwoven geometry and properties in terms of variable layer thicknesses as well as their particle geometry and proportions of individual particle classes, which can vary within wide limits,

Combination options for several nonwoven layers of different material properties and technological properties, selection options for different fixing options depending on the technological requirements of the manufacturing process and the use of the nonwoven.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments:

1st embodiment

Production and post-treatment of a single-layer bamboo fiber fleece.

For the production of single-layer bamboo fiber fleeces (fleece material bodies), depending on the intended use of the fleeces, both the entire lettering mm as the acicular grobfasrig described and / or lancet-shaped bamboo fiber particles with diameters in the range of 0.1 + 0.5 mm <d ≤ 2 rt _Pa + 3 and lengths in the range of 4 + 6 mm <\ _Part ≤ 50 + 60 mm are used as well as individual fiber length and thickness classes separated from it. With increasing fineness of the bamboo particles, the possibility of producing thin nonwovens with basis weights <400 + 500 g / m ² also improves. The aim is to produce thicker tangled fiber mats with basis weights> 1000 g / m ² and lower demands on their mechanical strength (eg σ ₂ <15 + 20 MPa) for unclassified bamboo particles of the above-mentioned dimensions; for nonwovens with particles classified in narrow diameter ranges (e.g. d _Part = 0.5 +1.0 mm), their relatively good mechanical alignability was confirmed on the one hand and greater mechanical strength can be achieved on the other hand ( _e.g. σ _z > 20 + 25 MPa).

The bamboo particles are made as thin and flexible as possible, e.g. from flax, hemp and / or thermoplastic materials in mass fractions <20% are added in order to achieve an reaching connection of the bamboo particles with each other in the aerodynamic mixing process before the fleece is laid and to maintain and secure them at least until they are fixed. The spraying of water glass solution or latex-like suspensions have proven useful for chemical-physical fleece fixation.

It is also possible to mix the roughly pre-shredded bamboo to be shredded, as well as other shredded other fiber-containing dried natural substances such as hemp, maize straw or nettle straw, and the shredding process according to the one described in DE-OS 198 31 433 and EP 0 971 065 and DE 101 15 831.9 and in numerous Conduct attempts to carry out the self-tested arrangement. The resulting shaving material and non-fibrous bamboo particles can, depending on the requirements for the nonwovens ultimately to be produced, be fed to the nonwoven formation section together with the fibrous mixed fraction or are to be fed with the carrier air to a separate shaving separation.

2. Execution example

Production and post-treatment of a single-layer bamboo fiber fleece (fleece material body) with thermoplastic-mechanical fleece fixation. The same procedural requirements as in example 1 above apply to the production of single-layer bamboo fiber fleeces with thermoplastic mechanical fleece fixation.

Spraying with latex-like suspension of fine-particle thermoplastic particles,

Mixing in thermoplastic fibers, and / or

electrostatic coating with thermoplastic powders.

Subsequent infrared heating and pre-compression between one or more pairs of rollers or heating in a press resulted in at least local melting of the thermoplastic component added and thus sufficient dimensional stability and strength of the bamboo fiber nonwovens for all subsequent use stages. The use of the thermoplastic-mechanical fixation provides similar strength values for the fleece as in Example 1, since the bond strength is significantly influenced by the bamboo particles.

3. Execution example

Production and aftertreatment of a multilayer bamboo fiber fleece (fleece material composite body) with fleece fixation (fleece material composite body) with fleece fixation according to embodiment 1.

For the production of a multi-layer bamboo fiber fleece with fleece fixation according to embodiment 1, the bamboo particles to be provided for the individual fleece layers or layers are mixed intensively with finely divided natural fibers prior to the task on the fleece formation level. Depending on the intended use of the fleece, different particle dimensions from the range described in Example 1 for d _part and lp _{art are} permissible in each of the 5 layers that are technically possible. The material is fed in several independently working lines. The material feed into individual, in particular the outer layers, can be combined with a longitudinal orientation of the slender fibrous particles. After laying the fleece, the particle layers are fixed taking into account different grammages and material composition of individual layers. For this purpose, the chemical-physical fleece fixation is carried out analogously to Example 1 by spraying on water glass solution or latex-like suspensions. Significant differences in terms of Technical-technological manageability results from the necessity to sufficiently penetrate thicker particle layers with the fixing agent and then to expel the higher amount of moisture which has been entered by means of water evaporation. For productivity reasons, the application of the procedure described here is therefore restricted to selected applications, e.g. to the on-site installation of fleece-like, sprinkled layers without limiting the time required for chemical-physical fiber fixing to take effect in accordance with the procedure of Example 1.

4. Execution example

Production and aftertreatment of a multilayer bamboo fiber fleece (nonwoven material composite body) with fleece fixation according to embodiment 2.

For the production of a multi-layer bamboo fiber fleece with fleece fixation according to embodiment 2, the bamboo particles to be provided for the individual fleece layers or layers are mixed intensively with finely divided natural and / or plastic fibers prior to the task on the fleece formation level. As in Example 3, depending on the intended use of the fleece, different particle dimensions from the range described in Example 1 for particle diameter d _part and particle length l _{part are} permissible in each of the preferably 5 layers. The material is fed in several independently working lines. The material feed in individual, in particular the outer layers can be combined with a longitudinal orientation of the slender fibrous particles. After the fleece is laid, the particle layers are fixed, taking into account different grammages and material composition of individual layers and / or layers. For this purpose, analogous to Example 2, the thermomechanical fleece fixation is prepared by additionally spraying with latex-like suspension of fine-particle thermoplastic particles, by mixing in thermoplastic fibers and / or thermoplastic powders to be additionally sprinkled on.

Subsequent heating, for example by infrared radiation or warm air, at least locally melts the added thermoplastic component, so that a pre-compaction dependent on the use of the fleece to be fixed achieves sufficient dimensional stability and strength of the bamboo fiber fleece for all subsequent use stages. Difficulties like water glass Moisturization of thick layers of nonwoven is not to be completely ruled out, since the admixing of the thermoplastic component before the nonwoven laying process avoids such difficulties.

5th embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (fiber fleece material, single-layer non-woven material body or multi-layer non-woven material composite body) as reinforcing material for concrete.

The usability of bamboo fiber fleeces as reinforcement material for concrete was investigated with thin bamboo fiber fleeces (basis weight approx. 400 g / m ² ) in the tensile zone of the test specimens (400 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm) both with normal concrete and with high-strength concrete. A distinction was made between longitudinally oriented and randomly distributed bamboo particles and basically only material with a preliminary surface treatment was used to improve the adhesive bond in the concrete matrix. In normal concrete samples (with 330 kg / m ³ CEM I 32.5), only slight improvements in bending tensile strength were achieved compared to the zero samples, e.g. Δσ _B z7τage = 4.8% and Δσ _B z28τa _ge = 2.1%. In the case of high-strength fine-grained concrete (with 453 kg / m ³ CEM I 42.5 R), the installation of bamboo fiber fleeces in the tensile zone in particular has greatly changed the early high strength after 7 days: the flexural tensile strength increased by up to 15%, the split tensile strength strength increased by approx. 26% compared to the blank. With normal concrete, the corresponding 28-day strength was the same for all samples regardless of the fiber content and the fiber orientation. In contrast, with high-strength concrete, the split tensile strength remained up to approx. 17% higher after 28 days than with the comparative sample without fiber addition.

It should be added that, in contrast to normal concrete, in the case of high-strength concrete, the values for the static as well as for the dynamic modulus of elasticity compared to the fiber-free comparative sample are approx. 11% for both the 7-day and 28-day samples or 8% increased.

6th embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces as reinforcing material for polymer concrete.

The investigation of bamboo fiber fleeces (fiber fleece material, single-layer non-woven material body or multi-layer non-woven material composite body) as reinforcing material for flexible The stressed polymer concrete was made in such a way that different chemically and physically fixed bamboo fiber fleeces were installed in the tensile zone of plate-shaped test specimens (400 mm x 150 mm x 30 mm).

The ^' 3 non-compressed nonwovens used differ in terms of basis weight (in the range from approx. 800 g / m ² to approx. 1200 g / m ² ) and fiber orientation. The best results in terms of deflection and bending tensile strength were achieved with the lightweight panels with consistent longitudinal alignment of the bamboo particles. Compared to the fiber-free blank, a 40% increase in deflection was achieved, the permissible bending tensile stress increased by up to 15% depending on the type of reactive resin used. The thicker nonwovens caused further significant increases in the permissible deflection; the breaking load under bending tensile stress, however, went back to the area of the fiber-free zero test.

7. Execution example

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (fiber fleece material, single-layer non-woven material body or multi-layer non-woven material composite body) as a reinforcing material for reaction-resin-bound plates;

The use of bamboo fiber fleeces with a weight per unit area of approx. 1000 g / m ² as reinforcing material for reaction resin-bonded plates resulted in the following strength values being achieved in the approx. 30 mm thick plates: average compressive strength 40.5 MPa, bending E- Modulus = 2.1 GPa, flexural strength 18.2 MPa. Otherwise, the bamboo fiber fleece was formed as in Examples 1 to 4.

8th embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (fiber fleece material, single-layer non-woven material body or multi-layer non-woven material composite body) for the earth reinforcement in the construction of dikes and dams.

The use of bamboo fiber fleeces for the reinforcement of earthen materials in the construction of dikes and dams is based on the reinforcement or reinforcement of mineral mixtures, in particular earthworks systems using mixed fibrous materials, an even more targeted strengthening of the structure through the use of bamboo fiber fleeces in places of the highest mechanical Reach load. When building dams on soft subsoil, long-term stabilizing effects are achieved or sought to be achieved by mixing in hydraulically setting additives such as cement, lime or calcareous filter dusts from coal-fired power plants. One has to accept that the local hardening caused by the hydraulic setting reactions has the effect that, as in all comparable applications with hydraulic binders, the transferability of tensile and bending loads decreases. Substantial improvements with regard to the installation conditions, the total costs and the avoidance of the aforementioned soil mechanical disadvantages are already achieved by systematically mixing in bamboo fibers in the mineral dam construction mass. Additional advantages can be achieved in the case of embankments at risk of slipping and / or erosion if bamboo fiber fleeces according to manufacturing example 1, 2, 3 or 4 are installed near the surface in conjunction with the aforementioned loose fibers in such a way that the fleeces receive the function of additional reinforcement mats and a strength build-up is achieved that also offers sufficient security against dam or dike breakage in places of the highest expected load due to the possibility of manufacturing and installing almost non-rotten bamboo fiber fleeces. The basis weights of the nonwovens up to values of approx. 2000 g / m ² can be easily achieved.

Such bamboo fiber fleeces can also be used as a covering material for the use of soil-stabilizing support materials, e.g. be used for land reclamation or for boggy or other "floating" or unstable substrates, the nonwoven material being shaped into appropriate enveloping bodies and then sand and / or plastic (granulate) mixtures being used to consolidate the soil in the area of use.

9. Embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (fiber fleece material, single-layer non-woven material body or multi-layer non-woven material composite body) for the base layer reinforcement in road and path construction.

The situation in the construction and maintenance of traffic routes (roads and paths) is characterized by the fact that ever greater loads on the roadways caused by rolling traffic lead to shorter and shorter laydown times and increasing repair costs. The suggestion; Bamboo fiber fleeces or sprinkled accordingly and into the Placing the bamboo fibers to be installed in the base course matrix with strength properties matched to the expected traffic loads on the tensile-stressed underside of the highly stressed roadway is intended to improve the bending and splitting tensile strength of the roadway material and, for example, to increase the time that the roadway can be used until stress-related damage occurs. The first experimental investigations carried out with bamboo fibers in normal concrete (with 330 kg / m ³ CEM I 32.5 R) confirmed the basic correctness of such considerations and showed that even with fleece-like bamboo fibers installed in the tension zone in quantities of 0.375 kg / m ² After pretreatment to improve the adhesive bond, an increase in the bending and splitting tensile strength of between 2.1 and 7.5% can be achieved.

Improved effects can be expected from bamboo fleeces produced according to working examples 1 to 4.

10th embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (fiber fleece material, single-layer fleece material body or multi-layer fleece material composite body) for sound insulation tasks.

For the use of bamboo fiber nonwovens for soundproofing elements, it is proposed to arrange 2 or more single-layer bamboo fiber nonwovens (working width <3,000 mm) with thermoplastic mechanical fleece fixation one above the other, depending on the intended soundproofing task, loose particle beds of shredded bamboo or other rotting-resistant materials in the thickness range <50 mm to be applied evenly and then to connect the individual sheets of the multi-layer flat mat both around the edge by local heating to temperatures <180 ° C and in the surface by locally adding a slightly melting thermoplastic with selective application of pressure with simultaneous local heating to strengthen and stabilize the To reach mat area. The nonwoven material body is produced here in particular according to embodiment 2.

11th embodiment

Use of a thermomechanically compressed and formed bamboo fiber fleece as a single-axis, structurally resilient component; The use of a thermomechanically compacted bamboo fiber fleece as a structurally resilient component is made possible by the fact that on the one hand the mechanical resilience of the bamboo particles can be selected within wide limits depending on the strength properties of the type of bamboo used and the age of the bamboo stalks used, which are important for the development of certain strength characteristics (e.g. 100 MPa <σ _tension ≤ 300 MPa) and, on the other hand, due to the non-positive and positive integration of the bamboo particles in a thermoplastic plastic matrix, the plastic-bamboo particle composite for plastic ratios also achieves bending and tensile strength values that are well above the properties of the matrix material.

Different subtleties of the mean fiber diameter and length lead to very different mechanical properties of the composite materials. In the case of fine particles (fiber 0 d _F <20 μm, average fiber length l _F <800 μm), for example with PE - LD A 17 with fiber shares of 30%, the following changes compared to primary material were achieved: E _tension > 450%, E _bending > 350%, σ _Bi eg> 220%, σ _tension > 110%, ε _R = 16%. With coarse fibers (d _F <1.6 mm) it was achieved, for example, that the bending strength of regenerated PE with the same fiber content increased from 5.6 MPa to 14.8 MPa (without coupler) or 16.6 MPa (with coupler ) changed and thus reached the values of primary material. Likewise, the addition of 30% bamboo fibers made it possible to increase the breaking strength in PE-HD from 19.5 MPa to 33.6 MPa (without coupler) or 40.6 MPa (with coupler). In analogous experiments with PP, by mixing in coarse bamboo fibers (d _F <1.6 mm) it was found that σ _Bie g = 62 MPa (30% fibers) or σ _B j _eg = 72 MPa (50% fibers). Analog tests with flax fibers gave σ _BiΘg = 40 MPa (30% fiber content) or σ _Bieg = 48 MPa (50% fibers).

Through the production of a non-woven material (e.g. 2 mm <s _D ic e ≤ 10 mm with particle diameters in the range 0.1 mm <d _Part <2 + 3 mm) that can be varied within wide limits in thickness and particle composition, and through the technical possibility The particle orientation in the expected main direction of stress can, for example when using fixation agents known per se (with double properties such that they lead to a thermoplastic composite material at processing temperatures <180 ° C, which then obtains thermosetting properties at temperatures> 180 ° C) by heating Temperatures> 180 ° C and subsequent compression with pressures> 20 bar composite materials can be achieved, which are almost the strength values of reach bamboo particles used as reinforcement. If the ductility properties of the matrix material are matched to those of the bamboo particles with an elongation at break of <9%, you get construction materials that can be used very variably, even for statically loaded components.

12th embodiment

Use of a thermomechanically compressed and reshaped bamboo fiber fleece as a biaxially static component.

The use of the thermomechanically compacted bamboo fiber nonwovens to be produced according to Example 11 as multi-axis, statically resilient components can be ensured relatively easily by producing, according to the component geometry, heatable pressing tools which are known per se and which are fixed and undensified raw nonwovens with a plastic sufficient for the required conditions of use in accordance with the material requirement the press tool cuts to size, places it in the preferably preheated mold and then the forming process while maintaining the heat supply, eg continue with pressing pressures of approx. 20 bar until the desired workpiece wall thickness and the specified workpiece shape are reached. Such forming processes are fundamentally possible both in the case of purely thermoplastic matrix systems and in those which, when a limit temperature is reached or exceeded, e.g. of 200 ° C assume thermosetting properties. It was found that such matrix systems can be deformed with any bending radii in one plane or spatially and can even be deep drawn without fiber tears or disturbing surface defects due to insufficiently integrated bamboo particles. For the sake of completeness, reference is made to the possibility of the subsequent application or co-molding of previously applied surface finishing layers.

13th embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (single-layer non-woven material body, multi-layer non-woven material composite body) for the reinforcement of statically stressed rod-shaped building structures in need of renovation.

To reinforce, statically loaded rod-shaped building structures in need of renovation, reinforcement tabs made of bamboo fiber fleece can be glued to the tension side of concrete, steel and wooden girders. It should be noted: Bamboo fiber particles for the production of reinforcing straps can be produced with diameters 0.1 + 0.5 mm <d _part <2 +3 mm and lengths l _part in the range from 4 + 6 mm to 50 +60 mm. This enables you to react optimally to different mechanical requirements on the fiber raw material side.

The large elongation at break of the bamboo particles offers safety reserves for the component to be reinforced on the tensile side, which can be developed for the bamboo fiber reactive resin composite by suitable choice of the resin matrix in the flap and coordinated adhesive resins.

The surface to be glued with the flap of course requires a clean, grease-free surface and a usual primer treatment.

14th embodiment

Use of bamboo fiber fleeces (single-layer non-woven material body, multi-layer non-woven material composite body) for the reinforcement of surface structures in need of renovation.

In order to reinforce surface structures in need of renovation, surface reinforcements made of bamboo fiber fleece, provided with connections for force dissipation, are to be stuck on the tension side of the respective supporting structure according to one of the exemplary embodiments 1 to 4. It should be noted that in addition to the substrate treatment mentioned in Example 13 and the selection of the particle geometry and the resins to suit the stress, it seems sensible to glue several smaller and thinner elements overlapping next to and on top of each other (e.g. scale-like) instead of a single flat reinforcement element.

15th embodiment

Use of thermomechanically compressed and reshaped bamboo fiber fleeces (single-layer non-woven material body, multi-layer non-woven material composite body) for spatially resilient components and / or walls.

For the production of spatially curved mechanically stressed walls, low-density, preferably single-layer bamboo fiber fleeces (manufactured according to one of the above exemplary embodiments) should be used in such a way that they are placed one after the other overlapped twice or several times on a teaching framework and with a thermosetting synthetic resin mixture that is matched to the stress conditions of the wall to be manufactured glued together and filled / impregnated. It stipulates that the pre-compaction of the webs corresponding to the fiber orientation may be different and a value of σ _train to reach <40 + 45 MPa at random fiber non-woven fabrics, whereas with aligned fibers in the incorporated and then to be bonded / to be impregnated nonwovens strength values σ _train < 55 + 60 MPa should be aimed for. It can be assumed that if such fleece cross-sections are laid in layers on differently stressed walls over their entire area, the mechanical stresses in the wall will be at least approximately the same everywhere. In addition, it can be provided to apply reactive resin enriched with finely divided bamboo fibers as the inner and / or outer finishing layer, for example in a procedure known from the construction of boat hulls, to the fully installed and bonded bamboo fiber fleeces. As a result, in addition to a smooth surface analogous to the strength effects shown in Example 10 through finely divided bamboo fibers in the plastic matrix, an additional solidification of the surface is achieved.

The term “bamboo fiber fleece” in the context of the present application is always also understood to mean non-woven material composite bodies, ie non-woven bodies which consist of a plurality of layers or layers, at least one of the layers having fibrous bamboo particles, bamboo fibers or bamboo fiber bundles, in a mixture with non-woven agents, preferably adhesion-promoting auxiliary fibers, such as fine-grained natural or plastic fibers, or layers containing bamboo material (in which the outer fibers in particular are aligned or not aligned to obtain special properties), alternately or sandwich-like with layers or Change layers of non-woven material, which, for example, consist only of plastic or natural fibers from renewable raw materials (as non-woven layers), even without bamboo parts. Of course, individual layers or layers of multilayer non-woven material composite bodies can also have different non-woven or mechanical properties, even if they each contain bamboo material, due to different proportions by weight.

Preferably, the bamboo nonwoven material is biodegradable, which is the case with the fixing or impregnating treatment of the fiber composite, e.g. bamboo particles / fibers / fiber bundles and finely divided other natural auxiliary fibers (such as hemp) with plastic material can be guaranteed by using biodegradable plastics.

Claims

claims

1. Nonwoven material containing bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles and / or fibrous bamboo particles.

2. Nonwoven material consisting essentially of bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles and / or fibrous bamboo particles.

3. Nonwoven material containing bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles with fiber or fiber bundle lengths I in the range of approx. 3 mm <I <75 mm.

4. Nonwoven material containing fibrous bamboo particles with a slenderness ratio λ of approx. 10 <λ = 100 in a diameter range d of the bamboo particles of 0.1 mm ≤ d <3 mm.

5. Nonwoven material according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized by a basis weight g of approx. 100 g / m ² <g <2,500 g / m ² and / or a material thickness s of approx. 0.1 mm <s <50 mm.

6. Nonwoven material according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, additionally containing, in particular finely divided or finely divided, natural and / or plastic fibers.

7. Nonwoven material according to claim 6, characterized in that the proportion of natural and / or plastic fibers is approximately 2 to 25% by weight, preferably 20% by weight.

8. Nonwoven material according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists of several layers and at least in an outer layer the bamboo fibers, bamboo fiber bundles and / or fibrous bamboo particles are aligned in accordance with a main direction of the nonwoven material.

9. Nonwoven material body as a semi-finished product consisting of a nonwoven material according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 8.

10. Nonwoven material body according to claim 9, characterized in that the fiber nonwoven material contains aligned and / or non-aligned fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles.

11. Nonwoven material body according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the nonwoven material is subjected to mechanical and / or thermal and / or pressure and / or surface treatment and / or packaging for fixing and stabilizing the nonwoven material.

12. Nonwoven material composite body consisting of a multilayer composite containing at least one nonwoven material body according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 11.

13. Nonwoven material composite body consisting of at least two nonwoven material bodies according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 11.

14. Nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 12 or 13, characterized by cover layers of nonwoven material bodies made of nonwoven material according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, and a particulate bamboo and / or natural and / or plastic fiber structure or an inert particle material between the cover layers.

15. Nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 12 to 14, characterized in that all layers of nonwoven material bodies contain bamboo fibers and / or bamboo bundles and / or fibrous bamboo particles.

16. Nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 12 to 15, characterized in that all nonwoven material bodies are of the same type.

17. Nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 12 to 16, characterized by a combination of layers of nonwoven material according to claim 1 with layers of fiber-containing, renewable raw materials, in particular delicate natural fibers and / or plastic fibers.

18. Nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 12 to 17, characterized by, in particular consisting of thermoplastic, layer fixing and stabilizing agents and / or a binder component between the composite material bodies.

19. A method for producing a nonwoven material according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized by mechanical disintegration and / or shredding of bamboo stalks into fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles, producing a mixture of this bamboo material with an adhesion promoter auxiliary , in particular by producing a fiber mixture with finely divided natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers formed from renewable raw materials, and placing the same on a nonwoven formation surface with relative movement between this nonwoven formation surface and a feeding device for the mixture, in particular fiber mixture, and subsequent fixing of the fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles of the nonwoven material to form a nonwoven material body.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles are mixed with a relatively small proportion by weight of delicate natural and / or plastic fibers, in particular aerodynamically intensively in a fluid flow before application to the nonwoven formation surface be mixed.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the fibrous bamboo particles with a high degree of slenderness λ of approximately 10 <λ <100 and a particle diameter d in the range of approximately 0.1. mm <d <3 mm after mixing with finely divided natural and / or plastic fibers in one portion from about 2 to 25% by weight, preferably about 20% by weight, using mechanical and / or pneumatic dosing and leveling agents, in particular with simultaneous or subsequent application of heat and / or pressure to form a nonwoven material body.

22. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 21, characterized in that a material supply of components of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material body to be formed is carried out from a single or a plurality of independently working supply lines within which a material composition is variable.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that a material feed, in particular from the outside of the nonwoven material or layers forming the nonwoven material body, in particular fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles, is combined with a longitudinal orientation of this bamboo material.

24. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the nonwoven material is subjected to a mechanical consolidation and / or a thermal and / or pressure treatment and / or a surface treatment and / or a final assembly to form a nonwoven material body.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the nonwoven material body is subjected to a subsequent shaping treatment, in particular plastic shaping treatment.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the nonwoven material body is subjected to a surface treatment process.

27. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the nonwoven material or the nonwoven material body of a fixation treatment of two components, in particular a treatment with water glass solutions or reactive resins or sprayable Chemicals, such as polyurethane plastic, is subjected to chemical or physical curing by local removal or absorption of water and / or atmospheric oxygen or in a gas atmosphere and / or using heat and / or pressure and local fixation of the nonwoven material or Reach elements forming the nonwoven material body.

28. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 27, characterized by a selection of the bamboo raw materials used to obtain the fibrous bamboo particles, bamboo fibers or bamboo fiber bundles depending on the strength and elasticity properties of the bamboo type used as bamboo raw material and depending on the age of the of bamboo stalks used for the type of bamboo concerned

29. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 28, characterized in that a mechanical, pneumatic or electrostatic alignment of the, preferably aerodynamically mixed, fibrous nonwoven material components takes place and this alignment is ended immediately after a task of the fibrous nonwoven material components on the nonwoven formation surface.

30. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 29, characterized by one or more-sided spraying of the continuously or discontinuously guided nonwoven material or nonwoven material body with a fixing agent and subsequent ventilation of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material body with fresh and / or warm air to a chemically physical fixation of the fibers with each other.

31. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 30, characterized by a thermomechanical fixation of nonwoven material or nonwoven material body by local melting of thermoplastic plastic particles embedded in the nonwoven material, in particular by using infrared or thermal radiation, preferably by heated pressure plates, followed by heating of the nonwoven material to a temperature <180 ° C., in particular by pressure plates or pressure rollers, A local mechanical compression of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material body takes place, which is accompanied by a volume reduction of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material body by up to 50%.

32. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 31, characterized by a thermomechanical fixing of the nonwoven material by sprinkling easily melting thermoplastic plastic particles, e.g. made of polypropylene or polystyrene on the nonwoven material before heating the same and then jointly, locally melting the plastic particles located on and within the nonwoven material.

33. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 19 to 32, characterized in that, following fixation of the nonwoven material or nonwoven material body, one-sided or all-sided powdering of the, in particular web-shaped, nonwoven material with cement, bentonite or other embeddable in a fixing layer, fine particles mineral substances are carried out with application-related determination of the type and material properties of the quantity of mineral substances to be applied.

34. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 33, as a reinforcing material for cement concrete, preferably as a thin bamboo nonwoven material with and / or without longitudinal alignment of the incorporated, fibrous bamboo particles, which are preferably additionally surface-treated to improve the adhesive base, Bamboo fibers or bamboo fiber bundles with a basis weight of the bamboo nonwoven material preferably between 250 g / m ² and 1,000 g / m ² and connection with a cement-concrete component in a tensile zone of the same.

35. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, as a stabilizing element for an earth reinforcement, in particular as a strength adjustable bamboo fiber fleece in earthwork and / or dam construction as Geotextile mat, in particular in combination with the use of bamboo particles mixed into the earth and / or dam construction material to improve geomechanical properties.

36. Use according to claim 35, as a covering material for the use of soil-stabilizing components, such as sand and / or plastic material fillings, in unstable soils.

37. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, as a bamboo nonwoven fabric with a working or system width <3,000 mm for the production of soundproofing elements.

38. Use according to claim 37, characterized in that two or more single-layer nonwoven material bodies made of nonwoven material (bamboo fiber fleece) with thermoplastic-mechanical fixation are spaced apart as cover layers and between them a particle bed with a thickness of preferably <50 mm from fibrous bamboo particles with particle diameter preferably < 4 mm or other rotting-resistant filler materials are arranged, preferably applied evenly, and then the webs (layers) formed in this way of a multilayer, two-dimensional mat as a non-woven material composite body are connected at least around the edge by local heating to a temperature of approximately <180 ° C.

39. Use according to claim 38, that the layers of bamboo fiber fleece and / or their particle beds are locally provided with easily melting thermoplastic elements, which lead to a solidification and stabilization of the nonwoven material composite body when the pressure is applied selectively or evenly under local or total surface heating.

40. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, in particular a thermomechanically compacted bamboo fiber fleece as a single or multi-axis, structurally resilient component under molded Definition of the geometry in heatable pressing tools and with fixation with thermoplastic, preferably by inserting non-compacted nonwoven material, a nonwoven material body and / or a nonwoven material composite body after cutting into a preheated press mold, forming under heat and pressure, in particular with press pressures <40 bar, while reducing one Thickness to a predetermined workpiece wall thickness and shaping into a predetermined workpiece shape, in particular using a plastic or a plastic combination, which or the formation of a surface protective layer after the forming process and / or a thermosetting hardening above certain temperatures, for example in particular above about 200 ° C.

41. Use of a nonwoven fiber material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, as a thermoplastic or thermosetting bonded reinforcing flap on a tension side, preferably in need of renovation, statically stressed, in particular rod-shaped building structures, preferably by gluing them in connection with with regard to elongation and strength properties of selected reactive resins, preferably the bamboo fiber fleece material oriented fibrous bamboo particles and / or bamboo fibers and / or bamboo fiber bundles with diameters in the range from d 0.1 to 0.5 mm <d <2 to 3 mm and this bamboo material a length of <50 to 60 mm.

42. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, for reinforcing surface structures that are in need of refurbishment on a tension side of the respective structure with connections for force dissipation as bonded surface reinforcement from a particle / fiber geometry and strength as well as matrix material stress-optimized bamboo fiber fleece, in particular with smaller and thinner bamboo fiber fleece elements overlapping next to and on top of each other.

43. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body for a production preferably spatially curved, mechanically stressed walls, in particular low density, preferably thermoplastic behavior, bamboo fiber nonwovens successively overlapped on a framework or placed in a mold and glued and / or filled and / or with each other with a, preferably thermosetting, synthetic resin mixture matched to the stress conditions of the walls to be produced or are impregnated and preferably a pre-compression of the bamboo fiber fleeces is selected depending on an orientation of the fibrous bamboo particles, bamboo fibers or bamboo fiber bundles.

44. Use according to claim 43, characterized in that when a bamboo fiber fleece is formed as a random fiber fleece, a value of σ _tension <45 MPa is to be achieved, while this value is used for bamboo fiber fleeces with aligned fibrous bamboo particles, bamboo fibers or bamboo fiber bundles for subsequent bonding and / or to be impregnated nonwoven material strength values σ _tension <45 to 60 MPa are provided, and in particular bamboo fiber fleece layers are laid in layers as nonwoven material composite bodies of different thicknesses over a total area of differently stressed walls in such a way that at least approximately a uniform stress curve is achieved within the wall.

45. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, as a reinforcing material for polymer concrete.

46. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, as a reinforcing material for reaction resin-bonded plates.

47. Use of a nonwoven material and / or nonwoven material body and / or nonwoven material composite body according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 34, as reinforcing material for a base layer in road and path construction.