EP1476528A1 - Method for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats - Google Patents

Method for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats

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Publication number
EP1476528A1
EP1476528A1 EP03742567A EP03742567A EP1476528A1 EP 1476528 A1 EP1476528 A1 EP 1476528A1 EP 03742567 A EP03742567 A EP 03742567A EP 03742567 A EP03742567 A EP 03742567A EP 1476528 A1 EP1476528 A1 EP 1476528A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starting material
fats
oils
crystalline
conveyor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03742567A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1476528B1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Tischendorf
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP1476528A1 publication Critical patent/EP1476528A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/02—Apparatus for preparation thereof
    • C11C5/021—Apparatus for preparation thereof by compressing solid materials in a mould without heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B15/00—Solidifying fatty oils, fats, or waxes by physical processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/002—Ingredients

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing candles, consisting of a starting material which at least partially contains fats and / or oils and to which additives, such as dyes, are optionally added, the starting material being in a liquid phase on a cooling medium, for example on a Roll cooler or in a spray tower, sprayed and transferred into a solid phase and then pressed in a pressing process to a compact.
  • a cooling medium for example on a Roll cooler or in a spray tower
  • the starting material contains, for example, 50% hardened palm oil and 50% paraffin.
  • the constituents are first mixed together in liquid form, then the substance is cooled with a high temperature gradient so that segregation of the constituents no longer occurs, the solidified mass then being processed into candles in the pressing process.
  • the scraped-off parts in the form of paraffin-fat conglomerate fall onto the vibrating plate, on which, owing to their consistency, they are difficult or impossible to transport.
  • the vibrating speed must also be increased so that the vibrating plate and the drive mechanism are subject to increased wear.
  • a fuel for a candle which consists of vegetable oils or fats, with this starting material flame-coloring substances such as strontium, copper, barium, sodium or the like being added.
  • the raw material can consist of 80% rapeseed oil and 20% sunflower oil.
  • DE 42 42 509 AI relates to a grave and sacrificial light from a vessel filled with fuel and a wick located therein. So that this grave and sacrificial light can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, it is provided that the vessel is made of a biodegradable substance with a fire retardant additive.
  • the fuel or the raw material itself is made from natural fats / oils, with the wick made of cotton.
  • a solid pressed from granulate is provided, whereby the granulate can consist of a combination of vegetable and / or animal oils / fats, such as fish oil, rape oil and palm fat.
  • composition should be chosen so that the firing properties are as good as possible and, moreover, the mechanical properties of the granules are favorable with regard to elasticity and plasticity for the subsequent pressing process.
  • a method for producing the granules with the specified properties nothing can be found in this prior art.
  • DE-AS 11 91 507 discloses a process for the production of oil candles in which vegetable oils, which are subjected to a hardening process and are optionally mixed with other vegetable oils, are used as the starting material for the candle.
  • vegetable oils are used, of which about 80% are hydrogenated and about 20% are liquid.
  • soybean, corn, peanut, cottonseed, sesame or palm oil are processed.
  • This starting material is melted and mixed and then poured into a container by means of a metering machine. It is therefore provided that the candle mass is filled in only up to 8/10 or 9/10 of the height of the container in a first operation and the rest of the candle mass is added after the starting material has solidified.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing candles or thermal storage material, in which the use of paraffins or stearins can be dispensed with, the candles can be manufactured with high process reliability in the pressing process.
  • the starting material contains only oils and / or fats
  • the oils and / or fats are hardened and in the cooling medium in an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarsely crystalline, Structure to be transferred.
  • the starting material on the cooling medium is converted into an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarse-crystalline, structure ensures that this starting material can be processed very easily and without problems in the spraying / pressing process, since adhesions on the Roller coolers and the occurrence of fat conglomerates or fat clumps in the further transport routes are avoided.
  • the optionally cleaned oils and / or fats are refined, preferably in the range from crude to fully refined and / or preferably differently hardened, and an iodine number of approx. ⁇ 1 to about ⁇ 10.
  • the melting point of the starting material is advantageously in the range from approximately 40 ° C. to approximately 80 ° C., preferably between approximately 44 ° C. and 68 ° C.
  • the starting material contains a mixture of substances from a single class of substances, for example oils or fats, as a result of which a later separation during the production process has been effectively counteracted.
  • the starting material is a substance or mixture of substances, which is a vegetable or animal oil or fat, also called renewable raw materials, and can be natural from the group of soybean oil, palm oil, palm kernel fat, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil or the like , vegetable fats or oils, animal fats or oils such as fish oil or the like can be selected.
  • the starting material is prepared and made available so that it has a steep enamel shoulder.
  • the starting material with the cooling medium in particular the roller cooler, is converted into a dry, crystalline structure which is absorbent and compressible.
  • the starting material is kept or transferred in the liquid phase in a heated tank in the temperature range from about 65 ° C to about 85 ° C and optionally circulated by means of an agitator and via a preferably heated line by means of a metering pump or the like is supplied to a premelting basin.
  • One or more additives are advantageously added to the starting material in the premelting basin by means of an addition device.
  • a dye or, for example, palm kernel fat in a ratio of 1% to 50% can be added to the starting material in the liquid phase in the premelting basin, which can improve the adhesive strength of the later compact.
  • the starting material is sprayed from the premelting basin at a spray temperature in the range from approximately 64 ° C. to 80 ° C. with overpressure onto the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler.
  • the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler is advantageously kept at a temperature in the range from approximately 4 ° C. to approximately 12 ° C. by means of a cooling device.
  • the roller cooler has a rotational speed of approximately 4 to 12 revolutions / minute with a diameter of the roller of approximately 1.5 m.
  • the starting material in the crystalline, cooled state is transported from the cooling medium to a material collecting container by means of a vibrating plate or the like and is conveyed from the collecting container to a pressing device by means of a conveying device.
  • the conveying device can be designed as a gravity conveyor, in which case the pressing device is arranged below the collecting container and the crystalline, cooled starting material, which is present as granules, passes from the collecting container into the pressing device under the effect of gravity.
  • the conveying device alternatively as a vacuum conveyor, in which case the cooled, crystalline starting material, which is present in the form of granules, is conveyed to the pressing device with the aid of negative pressure. It is advantageous to operate the vacuum conveyor with a vacuum range from 0.5 bar to 4 bar.
  • a screw conveyor for example in the form of an Archimedes screw, can also be used.
  • the pressing device processes the crystalline starting material, preferably at pressures in the range from approximately 80 bar to approximately 150 bar, into compacts.
  • the invention also relates to a paraffin-stearin-free candle, produced by the spraying / pressing process and, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, consisting of a starting material which contains exclusively vegetable or animal fats or oils and optionally a dye, the candle being used as a tea light , Burner, pillar, household or pointed candle.
  • the starting material for the candle is produced in accordance with one or more of the aforementioned process steps, it being possible for the renewable animal or vegetable substances already mentioned to be used on their own or in a mixture.
  • the wick has a very short afterglow phase and is preferably 20 to 24 threads. This measure essentially prevents oxidation products, which may be odors in the starting materials described.
  • the single figure shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the starting material is converted into the liquid phase in a tank 14 with a heating device 28 or, in the event that the material already reaches the tank 14 in liquid form, is kept in the liquid phase and optionally mixed with a stirrer.
  • the starting material in the liquid phase is fed to a metering pump 20 via a line 18, which may be heated by means of a heating device 30, and enters a premelting basin 22.
  • an additive for example a dye or another oil or fat, can be added to the liquid starting material located in the premelting tank 22.
  • the starting material, to which additives may have been added, is sprayed from the premelting basin 22 by means of a spray device onto a cooling medium 10, which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a roller cooler 12. It is understood that the cooling medium 10 can also be a spray tower, for example.
  • the solidified starting material is transferred into a collecting container by means of a vibrating plate 32.
  • the starting material is conveyed from this collecting container in the form of a cooled, coarsely crystalline granulate by means of a conveying device 34 to a pressing device 36.
  • the conveying device 34 can be designed as a vacuum conveyor 40, in which case the starting material is conveyed to the pressing device 36 via lines under vacuum.
  • the lines of the vacuum conveyor 40 as well as the cooling medium 10 or the roller cooler 12 can be cooled by means of a cooling device 26.
  • the conveying device 34 can, as shown in dashed lines in the lower section of FIG. 1, be designed as a gravity conveyor 38, in which case the starting material is conveyed from the collecting container 44 under the action of gravity via a line to the pressing device 36 or an inlet-side collecting container.
  • the pressing device 36 Pickling device and further processing devices and finally a packaging device 42.
  • the starting materials used are, for example, homogeneous, high-melting crude hardening or fully refind fractions of vegetable or animal fats or oils with a minimization of the otherwise usual melting shoulder, for example 1 to 10% palm kernel fat being used to improve the adhesive strength of the compact.
  • the melting temperature can range from 42 ° C to approx. 72 ° C.
  • the pressing temperatures and the pressing pressures as well as the running speed of the press can be varied accordingly.
  • the press rams can also be prepared accordingly and the threading speed can be adjusted during the canning process. With regard to the roller cooler, the speed can be slowed down or remain the same compared to conventional raw materials.
  • rapeseed and palm oils are used with a melting point of 44 ° C to 68 ° C, sometimes 80 ° C from crude to full raffinate and the respective degrees of hardening.
  • the material is processed via refining and hydrogenation to the desired degree of hardness.
  • the raw material rapeseed and / or palm oil can be mixed in a ratio of 1% up to 50% palm kernel fat.
  • the method is as follows:
  • the liquid hardened pure fat is transported in the temperature range from approximately 65 ° C. to approximately 85 ° C. via heated lines 18 from the heated tank 14 by means of a metering pump 20 to the pre-melter 22.
  • additives such as colors or other fats can be added to the starting material by means of an addition device.
  • the spraying device 46 uses different pressures to spray the starting material onto the roller cooler 12, which is run at different rotational speeds, temperatures in the range from approximately 4 ° C. to approximately 12 ° C. and, if appropriate, also different diameters.
  • the initial mass crystallizes roughly by cooling, whereby segregation problems do not arise, since oils or fats of one class of substance are generally used.
  • the cooled, crystalline starting mass is transported to a collecting container 44, from which the starting material or the starting material is conveyed to a pressing device 36 by means of a conveying device 34, which can either be designed as a gravity conveyor 38 or as a vacuum conveyor 40.
  • a conveying device 34 which can either be designed as a gravity conveyor 38 or as a vacuum conveyor 40.
  • crystalline mass is transported to the individual presses with a negative pressure of approximately 0.5 bar to approximately 4 bar and collected in a collecting funnel 48 assigned to the pressing device 36.
  • the pressing tools are varied in the pressing device, for example by inserting spacers from above and / or from below, in order to ensure the same or changed pressures from above and / or below. These measures can avoid overpressure phenomena in the area of the compact which could lead to the fracture of the compact.
  • the pressing tools as well as the pressing mold are heated in order to improve the surface finish and the adherence of the compact.
  • the compact is guided over a rail system to the correspondingly adapted threader, is there braked, processed and then packed in a packaging device 42.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing candles comprised of a starting material that contains, at least in part, fats and/or oils. Optional additives such as colorants are admixed to the starting material, and the starting material, in a liquid phase, is sprayed onto a cooling medium (10) whereby being transformed into a solid phase and, during a pressing process, is subsequently pressed to form a pressed article and is optionally milled. According to the invention, the starting material solely contains oils and/or fats that are hardened and, on the cooling medium (10), are transformed into an essentially homogenous, crystalline, preferably granular crystalline structure.

Description

Bezeichnung: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen, bestehend aus pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ölen oder FettenName: Process for the production of candles, consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen, bestehend aus einem Ausgangsstoff, der wenigstens teilweise Fette und/oder Öle enthält und dem gegebenenfalls Zusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffe, zugesetzt sind, wobei der Ausgangsstoff in einer flüssigen Phase auf ein Kühlmedium, zum Beispiel auf einen Walzenkühler oder in einem Sprühturm, versprüht und in eine feste Phase überführt und anschließend in einem Preßvorgang zu einem Preßling verpreßt wird.The invention relates to a method for producing candles, consisting of a starting material which at least partially contains fats and / or oils and to which additives, such as dyes, are optionally added, the starting material being in a liquid phase on a cooling medium, for example on a Roll cooler or in a spray tower, sprayed and transferred into a solid phase and then pressed in a pressing process to a compact.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist bereits aus der DE 196 01 521 AI bekannt. Der Ausgangsstoff enthält beispielsweise 50 % gehärtetes Palmöl und 50 % Paraffin. Bei einer derartigen Mischung des Ausgangsstoffes, der dann feinkristalline und grobkristalline Strukturen aufweist, besteht das Problem einer Entmischung der feinkristallinen und grobkristallinen Anteile während der Verarbeitung des Ausgangsstoffes. Insoweit ist nach diesem Stand der Technik vorgesehen, die Bestandteile zunächst in flüssiger Form miteinander zu vermischen, sodann den Stoff mit einem hohen Temperaturgradienten abzukühlen, so daß eine Entmischung der Bestandteile nicht mehr auftritt, wobei dann die erstarrte Masse im Preßverfahren zu Kerzen verarbeitet wird.Such a method is already known from DE 196 01 521 AI. The starting material contains, for example, 50% hardened palm oil and 50% paraffin. With such a mixture of the starting material, which then has fine-crystalline and coarse-crystalline structures, there is the problem of segregation of the fine-crystalline and coarse-crystalline components during processing of the starting material. To this extent it is provided according to this prior art that the constituents are first mixed together in liquid form, then the substance is cooled with a high temperature gradient so that segregation of the constituents no longer occurs, the solidified mass then being processed into candles in the pressing process.
Auch wird nach diesem Stand der Technik vorgeschlagen, als feinkristallinen Anteil des Ausgangsstoffes Fettalkohol einzusetzen, wobei darauf zu achten ist, daß in dem wachsartigen Stoff mindestens ein Bestandteil enthalten ist, welcher unterhalb seines Schmelzpunktes einen erkennbaren Erweichungspunkt aufweist. Allerdings erweisen sich die Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung der Entmischung der fein- und grobkristallinen Anteile als aufwendig. Sofern man in dem Ausgangsstoff den Paraffinanteil auf Werte unterhalb von 50 % erniedrigt, um auf diese Weise einer Entmischung entgegenzutreten, besteht das Problem, daß das Sprüh-/Preß- Verfahren zur Herstellung der Kerzen Probleme aufwirft. Beispielsweise kommt es zu flächenhaften Verklebungen des Stoffes auf dem Walzenkühler, die von einem Stahlschaber mit hohem Anpreßdruck auf die Walze gelöst werden müssen. Hierdurch wird die Lebensdauer der Walzen wie auch des Schabers deutlich vermindert. Im übrigen wird durch diese Maßnahmen ein reibungsloser Ablauf des Prozesses unterbrochen. Auch fallen im weiteren Prozeßverlauf die abgeschabten Teile in Form von Paraffin-Fettkonglomerat (Schabwürste) auf die Rüttelplatte, auf der sie aufgrund ihrer Konsistenz nicht oder nur schwer zu transportieren sind. Auch muß das Rütteltempo erhöht werden, so daß die Rüttelplatte sowie der Antriebsmechanismus einem erhöhten Verschleiß unterliegt.It is also proposed according to this prior art to use fatty alcohol as the finely crystalline fraction of the starting material, care being taken that wax-like substance contains at least one component which has a recognizable softening point below its melting point. However, the measures to avoid segregation of the fine and coarse crystalline fractions prove to be complex. If the paraffin content in the starting material is reduced to values below 50% in order to counteract segregation, there is the problem that the spraying / pressing process for producing the candles poses problems. For example, there is extensive bonding of the material on the roller cooler, which must be released by a steel scraper with high contact pressure on the roller. This significantly reduces the lifespan of the rollers and the scraper. These measures also interrupt the smooth running of the process. In the further course of the process, the scraped-off parts in the form of paraffin-fat conglomerate (scraped sausages) fall onto the vibrating plate, on which, owing to their consistency, they are difficult or impossible to transport. The vibrating speed must also be increased so that the vibrating plate and the drive mechanism are subject to increased wear.
Weiterhin besteht das Problem, daß im Materialsammelbehälter das Ausgangsmaterial zusammenbackt, so daß ein Transport im Vakuumsystem kaum noch möglich ist, da die Aufnahme aus dem Sammelbehälter erschwert ist. Auch in der Saugstrecke muß der Saugdruck bei Raumtemperatur im Bereich von 20° C stark erhöht werden, so daß diese Paraffin-Fett-Klumpen weiter zur Preßvorrichtung transportiert werden können. In der Preßvorrichtung selbst kommt es zu Preßformfüllungsdefekten und Verklebungen, die einen störungsfreien Ablauf kaum zulassen. Insgesamt sinkt die Produktionsleistung durch Stillstand- und Reparaturzeiten, während der Personaleinsatz erheblich erhöht wird.Furthermore, there is the problem that the starting material cakes in the material collection container, so that transport in the vacuum system is hardly possible anymore since it is difficult to take it up from the collection container. In the suction section too, the suction pressure at room temperature must be greatly increased in the range of 20 ° C., so that these paraffin-fat lumps can be transported further to the pressing device. In the pressing device itself there are mold filling defects and sticking, which hardly leads to trouble-free operation allow. Overall, production output drops due to downtimes and repair times, while the workforce is increased considerably.
Auch der weitere Ablauf des Herstellungsprozesses bis zum Verpackungsbereich verläuft nicht immer störungsfrei, da es immer wieder zu Verschmutzungen und Verklebungen durch Paraffin-Fettreste kommt. Weiterhin besteht grundsätzlich auch ein Bedarf, den Anteil von Paraffinen oder anderen Produkten aus der Mineralölindustrie zu reduzieren, um einerseits einen störungsfreien Produktionsablauf zu gewährleisten und andererseits nachwachsende Rohstoffe, insbesondere pflanzliche Fette oder Öle beziehungsweise tierische Fette oder Öle, einzusetzen.The further course of the manufacturing process up to the packaging area is not always trouble-free as there is always soiling and sticking due to paraffin fat residues. Furthermore, there is basically also a need to reduce the proportion of paraffins or other products from the mineral oil industry, on the one hand to ensure a trouble-free production process and on the other hand to use renewable raw materials, in particular vegetable fats or oils or animal fats or oils.
Aus der DE 195 16 244 AI ist bereits ein Brennstoff für eine Kerze bekannt, der aus pflanzlichen Ölen beziehungsweise Fetten besteht, wobei diesem Ausgangsstoff flammenfärbende Substanzen wie Strontium, Kupfer, Barium, Natrium oder dergleichen zugesetzt sind. Beispielsweise kann der Ausgangsstoff zu 80 % aus Rapsöl und zu 20 % aus Sonnenblumenöl bestehen. Informationen hinsichtlich des Herstellungsverfahrens der Kerzen sind dieser Druckschrift nicht zu entnehmen, es bleibt offen, ob die Kerze im Gießverfahren, im Preßverfahren, durch Ziehen oder Extrudieren hergestellt ist.From DE 195 16 244 AI a fuel for a candle is already known, which consists of vegetable oils or fats, with this starting material flame-coloring substances such as strontium, copper, barium, sodium or the like being added. For example, the raw material can consist of 80% rapeseed oil and 20% sunflower oil. Information regarding the manufacturing process of the candles is not to be found in this document, it remains open whether the candle is produced in the casting process, in the pressing process, by drawing or extrusion.
Die DE 42 42 509 AI bezieht sich auf ein Grab- und Opferlicht aus einem mit Brennmaterial gefüllten Gefäß und einem darin befindlichen Docht. Damit dieses Grab- und Opferlicht umweltverträglich entsorgt werden kann, ist vorgesehen, daß das Gefäß aus einem biologisch abbaubaren Stoff mit einem feuerhemmenden Zusatz besteht. Das Brennmaterial beziehungsweise der Ausgangsstoff selbst wird aus Naturfetten- /-ölen hergestellt, wobei der Docht aus Baumwolle besteht. Was das Brennmaterial angeht, so ist ein aus Granulat gepreßter Festkörper vorgesehen, wobei das Granulat aus einer Kombination von pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ölen/Fetten, wie Fischöl, Rüböl und Palmfett, bestehen kann. Die genaue Zusammensetzung soll so gewählt werden, daß die Brenneigenschaften möglichst gut und darüber hinaus die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Granulates hinsichtlich Elastizität und Plastizität für den anschließenden Preßvorgang günstig sind. Hinsichtlich eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Granulates mit den angegebenen Eigenschaften läßt sich diesem Stand der Technik nichts entnehmen.DE 42 42 509 AI relates to a grave and sacrificial light from a vessel filled with fuel and a wick located therein. So that this grave and sacrificial light can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, it is provided that the vessel is made of a biodegradable substance with a fire retardant additive. The fuel or the raw material itself is made from natural fats / oils, with the wick made of cotton. As far as the fuel is concerned, a solid pressed from granulate is provided, whereby the granulate can consist of a combination of vegetable and / or animal oils / fats, such as fish oil, rape oil and palm fat. The exact composition should be chosen so that the firing properties are as good as possible and, moreover, the mechanical properties of the granules are favorable with regard to elasticity and plasticity for the subsequent pressing process. With regard to a method for producing the granules with the specified properties, nothing can be found in this prior art.
Die DE-AS 11 91 507 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ölkerzen, bei denen pflanzliche Öle, die einem Härtungsprozeß unterworfen und gegebenenfalls mit anderen pflanzlichen Ölen gemischt werden, als Ausgangsstoff für die Kerze zum Einsatz gelangen. Insbesondere werden Pflanzenöle eingesetzt, von denen etwa 80 % durch Hydrierung gehärtet und etwa 20 % flüssig sind. Beispielsweise werden Soja-, Mais-, Erdnuß-, Baumwollsaat- , Sesam- oder Palmöl verarbeitet. Dieser Ausgangsstoff wird geschmolzen und gemischt und dann mittels einer Dosiermaschine in einen Behälter gegossen. Daher ist vorgesehen, daß die Kerzenmasse in einem ersten Arbeitsgang nur bis zu 8/10 oder 9/10 der Höhe des Behälters eingefüllt und nach Erstarren des Ausgangsstoffes der Rest an Kerzenmasse hinzugefügt wird. Demgegenüber liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen oder Thermospeichermaterial anzugeben, bei dem auf den Einsatz von Paraffinen oder Stearinen verzichtet werden kann, wobei die Kerzen mit hoher Prozeßsicherheit im Preßverfahren hergestellt werden können .DE-AS 11 91 507 discloses a process for the production of oil candles in which vegetable oils, which are subjected to a hardening process and are optionally mixed with other vegetable oils, are used as the starting material for the candle. In particular, vegetable oils are used, of which about 80% are hydrogenated and about 20% are liquid. For example, soybean, corn, peanut, cottonseed, sesame or palm oil are processed. This starting material is melted and mixed and then poured into a container by means of a metering machine. It is therefore provided that the candle mass is filled in only up to 8/10 or 9/10 of the height of the container in a first operation and the rest of the candle mass is added after the starting material has solidified. In contrast, the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing candles or thermal storage material, in which the use of paraffins or stearins can be dispensed with, the candles can be manufactured with high process reliability in the pressing process.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem Verfahren mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß der Ausgangsstoff ausschließlich Öle und/oder Fette enthält, die Öle und/oder Fette gehärtet sind und an dem Kühlmedium in eine im wesentlichen homogene, kristalline, bevorzugt grobkristalline, Struktur überführt werden.This object is essentially achieved in the process with the features mentioned at the outset in that the starting material contains only oils and / or fats, the oils and / or fats are hardened and in the cooling medium in an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarsely crystalline, Structure to be transferred.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren treten keine Entmischungsprobleme auf, da als Ausgangsstoff 100 % Fett beziehungsweise Öl verwendet wird, in der Mischung nur Fett/Fettmischungen aus der gleichen Substanzklasse, insbesondere in verschiedenen Graden raffiniert und gehärtet, enthalten ist. Zum anderen wird dadurch, daß der Ausgangsstoff an dem Kühlmedium in eine im wesentlichen homogene, kristalline, bevorzugt grobkristalline, Struktur überführt wird, dafür gesorgt, daß sich dieser Ausgangsstoff in dem Sprüh-/Preßverfahren sehr einfach und problemlos verarbeiten läßt, da Verklebungen auf dem Walzenkühler und das Auftreten von Fettkonglomeraten beziehungsweise Fettklumpen in den weiteren Transportstrecken vermieden sind.In the process according to the invention, there are no separation problems since 100% fat or oil is used as the starting material, and the mixture contains only fat / fat mixtures from the same class of substance, in particular refined and hardened to different degrees. On the other hand, the fact that the starting material on the cooling medium is converted into an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarse-crystalline, structure ensures that this starting material can be processed very easily and without problems in the spraying / pressing process, since adhesions on the Roller coolers and the occurrence of fat conglomerates or fat clumps in the further transport routes are avoided.
Von Vorteil ist es nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die gegebenenfalls gereinigten Öle und/oder Fette raffiniert, bevorzugt im Bereich von crude bis vollraffiniert und/oder bevorzugt unterschiedlich gehärtet sind, und eine Jodzahl von ca . < 1 bis ca. < 10 aufweisen. Aufgrund dieser Maßnahmen wird dafür gesorgt, daß spezifische Veränderungen des Ausgangsstoffes durch entsprechende Raffination und Hydrierung vorgenommen werden, so daß sich der Ausgangsstoff an der Sprühwalze in eine homogene grobkristalline Struktur überführen läßt und auch anschließend über Transportsysteme, zum Beispiel Vakuumsysteme oder Schwerkraftsysteme, problemlos transportieren und auch in einer nachgeschalteten Preßvorrichtung zu einem Preßling verarbeiten läßt .It is advantageous according to an embodiment of the invention that the optionally cleaned oils and / or fats are refined, preferably in the range from crude to fully refined and / or preferably differently hardened, and an iodine number of approx. <1 to about <10. These measures ensure that specific changes to the starting material are made by appropriate refining and hydrogenation, so that the starting material can be converted into a homogeneous, coarse-crystalline structure at the spray roller and can also be easily transported and subsequently via transport systems, for example vacuum systems or gravity systems can also be processed into a compact in a downstream pressing device.
Von Vorteil liegt der Schmelzpunkt des Ausgangsstoffes im Bereich von ca. 40° C bis ca. 80° C, bevorzugt zwischen ca. 44° C und 68° C.The melting point of the starting material is advantageously in the range from approximately 40 ° C. to approximately 80 ° C., preferably between approximately 44 ° C. and 68 ° C.
Nach einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, daß der Ausgangsstoff eine Mischung von Stoffen einer einzigen Substanzklasse, zum Beispiel Öle oder Fette, enthält, wodurch einer späteren Entmischung während des Produktionsprozesses wirkungsvoll entgegengetreten ist.According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the starting material contains a mixture of substances from a single class of substances, for example oils or fats, as a result of which a later separation during the production process has been effectively counteracted.
Der Ausgangsstoff ist nach einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Stoff oder Stoffgemisch, welches ein pflanzliches oder tierischen Öl oder Fett, auch nachwachsende Rohstoffe genannt, ist und kann aus der Gruppe Sojaöl, Palmöl, Palmkernfett, Rapsöl, Leinöl, Sonnenblumenöl, Distelöl oder dergleichen natürliche, pflanzliche Fette oder Öle, tierische Fette oder Öle, wie Fischöl oder dergleichen, ausgewählt sein. Nach einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Ausgangsstoff so präpariert und bereitgestellt, daß er eine steile Schmelzschulter besitzt.According to another embodiment of the invention, the starting material is a substance or mixture of substances, which is a vegetable or animal oil or fat, also called renewable raw materials, and can be natural from the group of soybean oil, palm oil, palm kernel fat, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil or the like , vegetable fats or oils, animal fats or oils such as fish oil or the like can be selected. According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the starting material is prepared and made available so that it has a steep enamel shoulder.
Nach einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, daß der Ausgangsstoff mit dem Kühlmedium, insbesondere dem Walzenkühler, in eine trockene, kristalline Struktur überführt wird, die saug- und preßfähig ist.According to another development of the invention, it is provided that the starting material with the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler, is converted into a dry, crystalline structure which is absorbent and compressible.
Dabei ist es von Vorteil vorgesehen, daß der Ausgangsstoff in einem beheizten Tank im Temperaturbereich von ca. 65° C bis ca. 85° C in der flüssigen Phase gehalten oder überführt und gegebenenfalls mittels eines Rührwerkes umgewälzt sowie über eine bevorzugt beheizte Leitung mittels einer Dosierpumpe oder dergleichen einem Vorschmelzbecken zugeführt wird.It is advantageously provided that the starting material is kept or transferred in the liquid phase in a heated tank in the temperature range from about 65 ° C to about 85 ° C and optionally circulated by means of an agitator and via a preferably heated line by means of a metering pump or the like is supplied to a premelting basin.
Von Vorteil wird in dem Vorschmelzbecken dem Ausgangsstoff mittels einer Zugabevorrichtung ein oder mehrere Zusatzstoffe, insbesondere Farbstoffe und/oder Fette oder Öle, zugesetzt. So kann dem Ausgangsstoff in der flüssigen Phase in dem Vorschmelzbecken beispielsweise ein Farbstoff oder zum Beispiel auch Palmkernfett im Verhältnis von 1 % bis 50 % zugesetzt werden, wodurch die Adhäsionskraft des späteren Preßlings verbessert werden kann.One or more additives, in particular dyes and / or fats or oils, are advantageously added to the starting material in the premelting basin by means of an addition device. For example, a dye or, for example, palm kernel fat in a ratio of 1% to 50% can be added to the starting material in the liquid phase in the premelting basin, which can improve the adhesive strength of the later compact.
Weiterhin ist es von Vorteil vorgesehen, daß der Ausgangsstoff aus dem Vorschmelzbecken mit einer Sprühtemperatur im Bereich von ca. 64° C bis 80° C mit Überdruck auf das Kühlmedium, insbesondere den Walzenkühler, gesprüht wird. Das Kühlmedium, insbesondere der Walzenkühler wird nach einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung von Vorteil mittels einer Kühlvorrichtung auf einer Temperatur im Bereich von ca. 4° C bis ca. 12° C gehalten.Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the starting material is sprayed from the premelting basin at a spray temperature in the range from approximately 64 ° C. to 80 ° C. with overpressure onto the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler. According to another embodiment of the invention, the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler, is advantageously kept at a temperature in the range from approximately 4 ° C. to approximately 12 ° C. by means of a cooling device.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, daß der Walzenkühler eine Drehgeschwindigkeit von ca. 4 bis 12 Umdrehungen/Minute bei einem Durchmesser der Walze von ca. 1,5 m aufweist .According to a special embodiment, it is provided that the roller cooler has a rotational speed of approximately 4 to 12 revolutions / minute with a diameter of the roller of approximately 1.5 m.
Dabei ist es nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Ausgangsstoff im kristallinen, erkalteten Zustand vom Kühlmedium mittels einer Rüttelplatte oder dergleichen Transportvorrichtung zu einem Materialsammelbehälter transportiert und mittels einer Fördereinrichtung von dem Sammelbehälter zu einer Preßvorrichtung gefördert wird.It is provided according to a further development of the invention that the starting material in the crystalline, cooled state is transported from the cooling medium to a material collecting container by means of a vibrating plate or the like and is conveyed from the collecting container to a pressing device by means of a conveying device.
Die Fördervorrichtung kann nach einer Ausgestaltung als Schwerkraftförderer ausgebildet sein, wobei dann die Preßvorrichtung unterhalb des Sammelbehälters angeordnet ist und das als Granulat vorliegende kristalline, erkaltete Ausgangsmaterial unter der Wirkung der Schwerkraft vom Sammelbehälter in die Preßvorrichtung gelangt .According to one embodiment, the conveying device can be designed as a gravity conveyor, in which case the pressing device is arranged below the collecting container and the crystalline, cooled starting material, which is present as granules, passes from the collecting container into the pressing device under the effect of gravity.
Es bietet sich auch an, die Fördereinrichtung alternativ als Vakuumförderer auszubilden, wobei dann das als Granulat vorliegende erkaltete, kristalline Ausgangsmaterial mit Hilfe von Unterdruck zur Preßvorrichtung gefördert wird. Von Vorteil ist es vorgesehen, den Vakuumförderer mit einem Unterdruckbereich von 0,5 bar bis 4 bar zu betreiben.It is also possible to design the conveying device alternatively as a vacuum conveyor, in which case the cooled, crystalline starting material, which is present in the form of granules, is conveyed to the pressing device with the aid of negative pressure. It is advantageous to operate the vacuum conveyor with a vacuum range from 0.5 bar to 4 bar.
Zusätzlich zur Förderung mittels Schwerkraft und/oder Vakuum kann auch eine Förderschnecke, beispielsweise in Form einer Archimedes-Schraube, eingesetzt werden.In addition to conveying by means of gravity and / or vacuum, a screw conveyor, for example in the form of an Archimedes screw, can also be used.
Die Preßvorrichtung verarbeitet den kristallinen Ausgangsstoff bevorzugt bei Drücken im Bereich von ca. 80 bar bis ca. 150 bar zu Preßlingen.The pressing device processes the crystalline starting material, preferably at pressures in the range from approximately 80 bar to approximately 150 bar, into compacts.
Anschließend empfiehlt es sich, den Preßling einzudochten, weiter zu verarbeiten und zu verpacken, oder mit einer Fräsmaschine in die gewünschte Form zu bringen, etwa um eine Spitzkerze oder Haushaltskerze herzustellen.Then it is advisable to wedge the compact, to process it further and to pack it, or to bring it into the desired shape using a milling machine, for example to produce a pointed candle or household candle.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine paraffin- stearinfreie Kerze, hergestellt nach dem Sprüh-/Preßverfahren und, insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bestehend aus einem Ausgangsstoff, der ausschließlich pflanzliche oder tierische Fette oder Öle sowie gegebenenfalls einen Farbstoff enthält, wobei die Kerze als Teelicht, Brenner, Stumpen, Haushaltsoder Spitzkerze ausgebildet ist. Der Ausgangsstoff für die Kerze wird entsprechend einem oder mehreren der vorerwähnten Verfahrensschritte hergestellt, wobei die bereits erwähnten, nachwachsenden tierischen oder pflanzlichen Stoffe für sich gesehen oder in Mischung zum Einsatz gelangen können.The invention also relates to a paraffin-stearin-free candle, produced by the spraying / pressing process and, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, consisting of a starting material which contains exclusively vegetable or animal fats or oils and optionally a dye, the candle being used as a tea light , Burner, pillar, household or pointed candle. The starting material for the candle is produced in accordance with one or more of the aforementioned process steps, it being possible for the renewable animal or vegetable substances already mentioned to be used on their own or in a mixture.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich zu jedem Produkt stabile Kerzenkörper herstellen. Von Vorteil ist es nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Docht eine sehr kurze Nachglimmphase besitzt und bevorzugt 20- bis 24-fädig ausgebildet ist. Durch diese Maßnahme werden Oxidationsprodukte, die bei den beschriebenen Ausgangsstoffen gegebenenfalls Geruchsbildner sind, im wesentlichen vermieden.With the method according to the invention, stable candle bodies can be produced for each product. It is advantageous according to an embodiment of the invention that the wick has a very short afterglow phase and is preferably 20 to 24 threads. This measure essentially prevents oxidation products, which may be odors in the starting materials described.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen und/oder bildlich dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger sinnvoller Kombination den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.Further features, advantages, possible applications and refinements of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. All of the features described and / or depicted form the subject matter of the present invention, individually or in any meaningful combination.
Die einzige Figur zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens .The single figure shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention.
Der Ausgangsstoff wird in einem Tank 14 mit einer Heizvorrichtung 28 in die flüssige Phase überführt oder, im Falle, daß das Material schon flüssig in den Tank 14 gelangt, in der flüssigen Phase gehalten und gegebenenfalls mit einem Rührwerk gemischt. Von dem Tank 14 wird der Ausgangsstoff in der flüssigen Phase über eine Leitung 18, die gegebenenfalls mittels einer Heizvorrichtung 30 erwärmt wird, einer Dosierpumpe 20 zugeführt und tritt in ein Vorschmelzbecken 22 ein. Mittels einer Zugabevorrichtung 24 kann dem in dem Vorschmelzbecken 22 befindlichen flüssigen Ausgangsstoff ein Zusatzstoff, beispielsweise ein Farbstoff oder auch ein weiteres Öl oder Fett, zugesetzt werden. Aus dem Vorschmelzbecken 22 wird der Ausgangsstoff, dem gegebenenfalls Zusatzstoffe zugesetzt sind, mittels einer Sprühvorrichtung auf ein Kühlmedium 10 gesprüht, das im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel als Walzenkühler 12 ausgebildet ist. Es versteht sich, daß das Kühlmedium 10 beispielsweise auch ein Sprühturm sein kann.The starting material is converted into the liquid phase in a tank 14 with a heating device 28 or, in the event that the material already reaches the tank 14 in liquid form, is kept in the liquid phase and optionally mixed with a stirrer. From the tank 14, the starting material in the liquid phase is fed to a metering pump 20 via a line 18, which may be heated by means of a heating device 30, and enters a premelting basin 22. By means of an addition device 24, an additive, for example a dye or another oil or fat, can be added to the liquid starting material located in the premelting tank 22. The starting material, to which additives may have been added, is sprayed from the premelting basin 22 by means of a spray device onto a cooling medium 10, which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a roller cooler 12. It is understood that the cooling medium 10 can also be a spray tower, for example.
Nach Erkalten des Ausgangsstoffes und Überführen in einen homogenen, grobkristallinen Zustand wird der verfestigte Ausgangsstoff mittels einer Rüttelplatte 32 in einen Sammelbehälter überführt. Aus diesem Sammelbehälter wird der Ausgangsstoff in Form eines erkalteten, grobkristallinen Granulats mittels einer Fördereinrichtung 34 zu einer Preßvorrichtung 36 gefördert.After the starting material has cooled and transferred to a homogeneous, coarsely crystalline state, the solidified starting material is transferred into a collecting container by means of a vibrating plate 32. The starting material is conveyed from this collecting container in the form of a cooled, coarsely crystalline granulate by means of a conveying device 34 to a pressing device 36.
Wie im oberen Teil der Figur 1 dargestellt ist, kann die Fördereinrichtung 34 als Vakuumförderer 40 ausgebildet sein, wobei dann das Ausgangsmaterial über Leitungen unter Vakuum zu der Preßvorrichtung 36 gefördert wird. Die Leitungen des Vakuumförderers 40 wie auch das Kühlmedium 10 beziehungsweise der Walzenkühler 12 können mittels einer Kühlvorrichtung 26 gekühlt werden.As shown in the upper part of FIG. 1, the conveying device 34 can be designed as a vacuum conveyor 40, in which case the starting material is conveyed to the pressing device 36 via lines under vacuum. The lines of the vacuum conveyor 40 as well as the cooling medium 10 or the roller cooler 12 can be cooled by means of a cooling device 26.
Die Fördereinrichtung 34 kann jedoch auch, wie im unteren Abschnitt der Figur 1 gestrichelt dargestellt, als Schwerkraftförderer 38 ausgebildet sein, wobei dann das Ausgangsmaterial aus dem Sammelbehälter 44 unter Wirkung der Schwerkraft über eine Leitung zu der Preßvorrichtung 36 beziehungsweise einem eingangsseitigen Sammelbehälter gefördert wird. An die Preßvorrichtung 36 schließt sich eine Eindochtvorrichtung sowie weitere Verarbeitungsvorrichtungen und schließlich eine Verpackungsvorrichtung 42 an.However, the conveying device 34 can, as shown in dashed lines in the lower section of FIG. 1, be designed as a gravity conveyor 38, in which case the starting material is conveyed from the collecting container 44 under the action of gravity via a line to the pressing device 36 or an inlet-side collecting container. One adjoins the pressing device 36 Pickling device and further processing devices and finally a packaging device 42.
Als Ausgangsstoffe finden beispielsweise homogene, hochschmelzende crude hardenend oder fully refind Fraktionen von pflanzlichen oder tierischen Fetten oder Ölen Anwendung mit einer Minimierung der sonst üblichen Schmelzschulter, wobei beispielsweise 1 bis 10 % Palmkernfett zur Verbesserung der Adhäsionskraft des Preßlings eingesetzt werden. Die Schmelztemperatur kann im Bereich von 42° C bis ca. 72° C liegen. Gegenüber dem Einsatz von paraffin- oder stearinhaltigen Ausgangsstoffen können die Preßtemperaturen sowie die Preßdrücke wie auch die Laufgeschwindigkeit der Presse entsprechend variiert werden. Insbesondere können auch die Preßstempel entsprechend präpariert werden und die Einfädlergeschwindigkeit während des Eindochtens angepaßt werden. Hinsichtlich des Walzenkühlers kann im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Ausgangsstoffen die Drehzahl verlangsamt werden oder gleichbleiben.The starting materials used are, for example, homogeneous, high-melting crude hardening or fully refind fractions of vegetable or animal fats or oils with a minimization of the otherwise usual melting shoulder, for example 1 to 10% palm kernel fat being used to improve the adhesive strength of the compact. The melting temperature can range from 42 ° C to approx. 72 ° C. Compared to the use of paraffin or stearin-containing starting materials, the pressing temperatures and the pressing pressures as well as the running speed of the press can be varied accordingly. In particular, the press rams can also be prepared accordingly and the threading speed can be adjusted during the canning process. With regard to the roller cooler, the speed can be slowed down or remain the same compared to conventional raw materials.
Nach einem anderen Beispiel werden Raps- und Palmöle eingesetzt mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 44° C bis 68° C, zum Teil 80° C von crude bis zum Vollraffinat und den jeweiligen Härtungsgraden. Die Verarbeitung des Materials erfolgt über Raffination und Hydrierung bis zum erwünschten Härtegrad.According to another example, rapeseed and palm oils are used with a melting point of 44 ° C to 68 ° C, sometimes 80 ° C from crude to full raffinate and the respective degrees of hardening. The material is processed via refining and hydrogenation to the desired degree of hardness.
Bei der Hydrierqualität crude ergibt sich im Abbrand ein Geruchsproblem, insbesondere nach Fett, welches bei Verwendung der Kerze im Raum unangenehm auffallen kann. Dies wird insbesondere durch Einsatz eines imprägnierten Dochtes mit kurzer Nachglimmphase vermieden. Dem Ausgangsmaterial Raps- und/oder Palmöl kann im Verhältnis von 1 % bis zu 50 % Palmkernfett beigemischt werden.With the crude hydrogenation quality, there is an odor problem in the combustion process, especially after grease, which can be unpleasant when the candle is used in the room. This is avoided in particular by using an impregnated wick with a short afterglow phase. The raw material rapeseed and / or palm oil can be mixed in a ratio of 1% up to 50% palm kernel fat.
Das Verfahren stellt sich nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel wie folgt dar:According to one embodiment, the method is as follows:
Das flüssige gehärtete reine Fett wird im Temperaturbereich von ca. 65° C bis ca. 85° C über geheizte Leitungen 18 von dem beheizten Tank 14 mittels einer Dosierpumpe 20 zum Vorschmelzer 22 transportiert. Hier können mittels einer Zugabevorrichtung 24 Zusatzstoffe wie Farben oder auch andere Fette dem Ausgangsstoff zugesetzt werden.The liquid hardened pure fat is transported in the temperature range from approximately 65 ° C. to approximately 85 ° C. via heated lines 18 from the heated tank 14 by means of a metering pump 20 to the pre-melter 22. Here, additives such as colors or other fats can be added to the starting material by means of an addition device.
Aus dem Vorschmelzer 22 erfolgt mittels der Sprühvorrichtung 46 mit unterschiedlichen Drücken ein Versprühen des Ausgangsstoffes auf den Walzenkühler 12, der mit unterschiedlichen Drehgeschwindigkeiten, Temperaturen im Bereich von ca. 4° C bis ca. 12° C und gegebenenfalls auch unterschiedlichen Durchmessern gefahren wird.From the pre-melter 22, the spraying device 46 uses different pressures to spray the starting material onto the roller cooler 12, which is run at different rotational speeds, temperatures in the range from approximately 4 ° C. to approximately 12 ° C. and, if appropriate, also different diameters.
Die Ausgangsmasse kristalliert durch Abkühlung grob, wobei Entmischungsprobleme nicht auftreten, da in der Regel Öle oder Fette einer Stoffklasse eingesetzt werden.The initial mass crystallizes roughly by cooling, whereby segregation problems do not arise, since oils or fats of one class of substance are generally used.
Über eine Rüttelplatte 32 erfolgt der Transport der erkalteten, kristallinen Ausgangsmasse zu einem Sammelbehälter 44, von dem der Ausgangsstoff beziehungsweise das Ausgangsmaterial mittels einer Fördereinrichtung 34, die entweder als Schwerkraftförderer 38 oder als Vakuumförderer 40 ausgebildet sein kann, hin zu einer Preßvorrichtung 36. Im Falle des Einsatzes eines Vakuumförderers 40 wird die kristalline Masse zu den einzelnen Pressen mit einem Unterdruck von ca. 0,5 bar bis ca. 4 bar transportiert und in einem der Preßvorrichtung 36 zugeordneten Sammeltrichter 48 gesammelt .Via a vibrating plate 32, the cooled, crystalline starting mass is transported to a collecting container 44, from which the starting material or the starting material is conveyed to a pressing device 36 by means of a conveying device 34, which can either be designed as a gravity conveyor 38 or as a vacuum conveyor 40. In the case the use of a vacuum conveyor 40 crystalline mass is transported to the individual presses with a negative pressure of approximately 0.5 bar to approximately 4 bar and collected in a collecting funnel 48 assigned to the pressing device 36.
In der Preßvorrichtung werden die Preßwerkzeuge variiert, zum Beispiel durch Einlegen von Distanzscheiben von oben und/oder von unten, um gleiche oder auch veränderte Drücke von oben und/oder unten zu gewährleisten. Durch diese Maßnahmen können Überdruckphänomene im Bereich des Preßlings vermieden werden, die zum Bruch des Preßlings führen könnten.The pressing tools are varied in the pressing device, for example by inserting spacers from above and / or from below, in order to ensure the same or changed pressures from above and / or below. These measures can avoid overpressure phenomena in the area of the compact which could lead to the fracture of the compact.
Weiterhin kann es vorgesehen sein, daß die Preßwerkzeuge wie auch die Preßform geheizt werden, um das Oberflächenfinish und die Adhärenz des Preßlings zu verbessern. Der Preßling wird über ein Schienensystem zum entsprechend angepaßten Einfädler geführt, dort eingedochtet , weiterverarbeitet und anschließend in einer Verpackungsvorrichtung 42 verpackt . Furthermore, it can be provided that the pressing tools as well as the pressing mold are heated in order to improve the surface finish and the adherence of the compact. The compact is guided over a rail system to the correspondingly adapted threader, is there braked, processed and then packed in a packaging device 42.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Kühlmedium10 cooling medium
12 Walzenkühler12 roller coolers
14 Tank14 tank
16 Rührwerk16 agitator
18 Leitung18 management
20 Dosierpumpe20 dosing pump
22 Vorschmelzbecken22 pre-melting basins
24 Zugabevorrichtung24 adding device
26 Kühlvorrichtung26 cooling device
28, 30 Heizvorrichtung28, 30 heater
32 Rüttelplatte32 vibrating plate
34 Fördereinrichtung34 conveyor
36 Preßvorrichtung36 pressing device
38 Schwerkraftförderer38 gravity conveyors
40 Vakuumförderer40 vacuum conveyors
42 VerpackungsVorrichtung42 Packaging device
44 Sammelbehälter44 collecting containers
46 Sprühvorrichtung46 spraying device
48 Sammeltriehter 48 gatherers

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen, bestehend aus einem Ausgangsstoff, der wenigstens teilweise Fette und/oder Öle enthält und dem gegebenenfalls Zusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffe, zugesetzt sind, wobei der Ausgangsstoff in einer flüssigen Phase auf ein Kühlmedium (10) , zum Beispiel auf einen Walzenkühler (12) oder in einem Sprühturm, versprüht und in eine feste Phase überführt und anschließend in einem Preßvorgang zu einem Preßling verpreßt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff ausschließlich Öle und/oder Fette enthält, die Öle und/oder Fette gehärtet sind und an dem Kühlmedium1. A process for producing candles, consisting of a starting material which at least partially contains fats and / or oils and to which additives, such as dyes, are optionally added, the starting material being in a liquid phase on a cooling medium (10), for example a roller cooler (12) or in a spray tower, sprayed and converted into a solid phase and then pressed to a compact in a pressing process, characterized in that the starting material contains only oils and / or fats which are oils and / or fats hardened and on the cooling medium
(10) in eine im wesentlichen homogene, kristalline, bevorzugt grobkristalline, Struktur überführt werden.(10) are converted into an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarsely crystalline, structure.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gegebenenfalls gereinigten Öle und/oder Fette raffiniert, bevorzugt im Bereich von crude bis Vollraffinat und/oder bevorzugt unterschiedlich gehärtet sind, und eine Jodzahl im Bereich von ca . < 1 bis ca. < 10 aufweisen.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the optionally cleaned oils and / or fats are refined, preferably in the range from crude to full raffinate and / or preferably differently cured, and an iodine number in the range of approx. <1 to about <10.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmelzpunkt des Ausgangsstoffes im Bereich von ca. 40° C bis ca. 80° C liegt, bevorzugt im Bereich von ca. 44° C bis ca. 68° C.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the melting point of the starting material is in the range from about 40 ° C to about 80 ° C, preferably in the range from about 44 ° C to about 68 ° C.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff eine Mischung von Stoffen einer Substanzklasse, zum Beispiel Öle oder Fette, enthält .4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material is a mixture of substances of a substance class, for example oils or fats, contains.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff ein Stoff oder Stoffgemisch enthält, welches aus der Gruppe Sojaöl, Palmöl, Palmkernfett, Rapsöl, Leinöl, Sonnenblumenöl, Distelöl oder dergleichen natürliche, pflanzliche Fette oder Öle, tierische Fette oder Öle, wie Fischöl, ausgewählt ist .5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material contains a substance or mixture of substances from the group of soybean oil, palm oil, palm kernel fat, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil or the like natural, vegetable fats or oils, animal fats or Oils such as fish oil is selected.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff eine steile Schmelzschulter besitzt.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material has a steep melting shoulder.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff mit dem Kühlmedium7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material with the cooling medium
(10) , insbesondere dem Walzenkühler (12) , in eine trockene, kristalline Struktur überführt wird, die saug- und preßfähig ist.(10), in particular the roller cooler (12), is converted into a dry, crystalline structure which is absorbent and compressible.
8. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff in einem beheizten Tank (14) im Temperaturbereich von ca. 65° C bis ca. 85° C in der flüssigen Phase gehalten oder überführt und gegebenenfalls mittels eines Rührwerkes (16) umgewälzt wird sowie über eine bevorzugt beheizte Leitung (18) mittels einer Dosierpumpe (20) oder dergleichen einem Vorschmelzbecken (22) zugeführt wird.8. The method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the starting material in a heated tank (14) in the temperature range from about 65 ° C to about 85 ° C in the liquid phase or transferred and optionally by means of an agitator (16) is circulated and fed via a preferably heated line (18) to a premelting basin (22) by means of a metering pump (20) or the like.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Vorschmelzbecken (22) dem Ausgangsstoff mittels einer Zugabevorrichtung (24) Zusatzstoffe, insbesondere Farbstoffe und/oder Fette oder Öle, zugesetzt werden.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that in the pre-melting tank (22) the starting material by means of a Addition device (24) additives, in particular dyes and / or fats or oils, are added.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff aus dem Vorschmelzbecken (22) mit einer Sprühtemperatur von ca. 64° C bis 80° C mit Überdruck auf das Kühlmedium (10) , bevorzugt den Walzenkühler (12) , gesprüht wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the starting material from the pre-melting pool (22) with a spray temperature of about 64 ° C to 80 ° C with overpressure on the cooling medium (10), preferably the roll cooler ( 12) is sprayed.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlmedium (10), insbesondere der Walzenkühler (12), eine Temperatur im Bereich von ca. 4° C bis ca. 12° C aufweist.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling medium (10), in particular the roller cooler (12), has a temperature in the range from about 4 ° C to about 12 ° C.
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Walzenkühler (12) eine Drehgeschwindigkeit von ca. 4 bis 12 Umdrehungen/Minute bei einem Durchmesser der Walze von ca. I m bis ca. 2 m, bevorzugt ca. 1,5 m, aufweist.12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roller cooler (12) has a rotational speed of approximately 4 to 12 revolutions / minute with a diameter of the roller of approximately 1 m to approximately 2 m, preferably approximately 1, 5 m.
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsstoff im kristallinen, erkalteten Zustand vom Kühlmedium (10) , bevorzugt als Granulat, mittels einer Rüttelplatte oder dergleichen Transportvorrichtung zu einer Fördereinrichtung (34) und von dieser zu einer Preßvorrichtung (36) gefördert wird.13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material in the crystalline, cooled state from the cooling medium (10), preferably as granules, by means of a vibrating plate or the like transport device to a conveyor (34) and from this to a pressing device (36 ) is promoted.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung (34) als Schwerkra tförderer (38) ausgebildet ist. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the conveyor (34) is designed as a gravity conveyor (38).
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung (34) als Vakuumförderer (40) ausgebildet ist .15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the conveyor (34) is designed as a vacuum conveyor (40).
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vakuumförderer (40) den kristallinen Ausgangsstoff mit einem Unterdruck von 0,5 bar bis 4 bar zu der Preßvorrichtung (36) fördert.16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the vacuum conveyor (40) conveys the crystalline starting material with a negative pressure of 0.5 bar to 4 bar to the pressing device (36).
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung (34) als Förderschnecke ausgebildet ist.17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the conveyor (34) is designed as a screw conveyor.
18. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Preßvorrichtung (36) das kristalline Ausgangsmaterial bei Drücken von ca. 80 bar bis ca. 150 bar zu Preßlingen verpreßt.18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the pressing device (36) compresses the crystalline starting material at pressures from about 80 bar to about 150 bar to form compacts.
19. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Preßling eingedochtet, weiter verarbeitet und gegebenenfalls verpackt wird.19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compact is concentrated, further processed and optionally packaged.
20. Paraffin- und stearinfreie Kerze hergestellt nach dem Sprüh-/Preßverfahren, insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bestehend aus einem Ausgangsstoff, der ausschließlich pflanzliche oder tierische Fette oder Öle sowie gegebenenfalls einen Farbstoff enthält, wobei die Kerze als Teelicht, Brenner, Stumpen, Haushalts- oder Spitzkerze ausgebildet ist. 20. Paraffin-free and stearin-free candle produced by the spraying / pressing process, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, consisting of a starting material which contains only vegetable or animal fats or oils and, if appropriate, a dye, the candle as a tealight, burner, stump , Household or pointed candle is trained.
1. Kerze nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der1. Candle according to claim 20, characterized in that the
Docht eine sehr kurze Nachglimmphase besitzt und bevorzugt 20- bis 24-fädig ausgebildet ist. The wick has a very short afterglow phase and is preferably 20 to 24 threads.
EP03742567A 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Method for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats Expired - Lifetime EP1476528B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10207258A DE10207258B4 (en) 2002-02-21 2002-02-21 Process for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats
DE10207258 2002-02-21
PCT/EP2003/001773 WO2003070865A1 (en) 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Method for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1476528A1 true EP1476528A1 (en) 2004-11-17
EP1476528B1 EP1476528B1 (en) 2006-09-27

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ID=27740270

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03742567A Expired - Lifetime EP1476528B1 (en) 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Method for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats

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US (1) US7601184B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1476528B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE340841T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10207258B4 (en)
RU (1) RU2321621C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003070865A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050095545A1 (en) 2005-05-05
EP1476528B1 (en) 2006-09-27
DE10207258A1 (en) 2003-09-11
DE10207258B4 (en) 2005-12-22
US7601184B2 (en) 2009-10-13
ATE340841T1 (en) 2006-10-15
DE50305176D1 (en) 2006-11-09
RU2004128080A (en) 2005-04-20
WO2003070865A1 (en) 2003-08-28
RU2321621C2 (en) 2008-04-10

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