EP1469261A1 - A helium cooling system and a method of operating the same - Google Patents
A helium cooling system and a method of operating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1469261A1 EP1469261A1 EP03076111A EP03076111A EP1469261A1 EP 1469261 A1 EP1469261 A1 EP 1469261A1 EP 03076111 A EP03076111 A EP 03076111A EP 03076111 A EP03076111 A EP 03076111A EP 1469261 A1 EP1469261 A1 EP 1469261A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling system
- heat exchanger
- regenerator
- helium
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
- F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1415—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by regenerator details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
Definitions
- This invention relates to cryogenic cooling systems and, in particular, to helium cooling systems embodying a regenerator.
- such cooling systems are generally two-stage pulse tube, Stirling, or Gifford-McMahon type cooling systems having a first stage operating within a range of about 40K to about 100K and a second stage operating in the liquid helium temperature range, i.e. , about 2K to about 6K. It is generally desirable to reduce the parasitic heat load on the lowest temperature cooling stage to increase the overall efficiency of the system. Conventionally, this problem has been addressed by operating the first stage of the cooling system at the lowest achievable temperature, resulting in less heat being transferred to the second, or lower temperature, stage. Success by this method, however, is generally limited by the cooling capacity of the first, or upper temperature, stage. Furthermore, more inefficiency (e.g. , power and thermal inefficiencies) may result from this approach.
- more inefficiency e.g. , power and thermal inefficiencies
- the present invention is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing, the effects of one or more of the problems set forth above.
- a cooling system comprising :
- FIG 1 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a cooling system 100 according to the present invention.
- the cooling system 100 includes a compressor 102 in fluid communication with various helium gas flow control components, which are indicated generally as 104 in Figure 1.
- the flow control components 104 may include valves, orifices, reservoirs, and the like for controlling the flow of gaseous helium through the cooling system 100.
- the cooling system 100 further includes a first regenerator 106 in fluid communication with at least some of the flow control components 104 and with a first pulse tube 108 via a tube or line 110.
- the first regenerator 106 is a type of heat exchanger that absorbs heat from the helium during a first part of the pressure cycle and returns heat to the helium during a second part of the pressure cycle to enhance the cooling power of the helium.
- the first pulse tube 106, and pulse tubes in general, function to cool the helium via changes in helium pressures therein.
- the first regenerator 106, the first pulse tube 108, and the line 110 comprise an upper stage 112 of the cooling system 100.
- helium gas flows through the first regenerator 106, the line 110, and into the first pulse tube 108.
- the gas may also flow through an orifice and into a reservoir, which are included in the flow control components 104.
- heat in the helium gas is moved from a first end 114 of the first pulse tube 108 toward a second end 116 of the first pulse tube 108, where it is removed.
- temperatures proximate the first end 114 of the first pulse tube 108 may be greater than about 20K.
- the cooling system 100 further includes a second regenerator 118 in fluid communication with the first stage 112 and with a second pulse tube 120 via a line 122.
- the first regenerator 106 and the second regenerator 118 are shown in Figure 1 as being disposed in-line. However, those skilled in the art having benefit of the present disclosure would appreciate that the scope of the present invention is not so limited but rather may have any chosen spatial relationship between the first regenerator 106 and the second regenerator 118.
- helium gas flows through the second regenerator 118, the line 122, and into the second pulse tube 120. In some embodiments, the gas may also flow through an orifice and into a reservoir, which are included in the flow control components 104.
- temperatures proximate the first end 124 of the second pulse tube 120 may be within a range of about 2K to about 4K.
- a heat exchanger 128 is disposed between a first portion 130 and a second portion 132 of the regenerator 118.
- the heat exchanger 128 is disposed with a physical area or zone of the regenerator 118 that operates within a temperature of about 8K to about 20K.
- the enthalpy difference of the helium is generally greatest within a temperature range of about 8K to about 20K.
- variations in the helium enthalpy may lead to thermal irreversibilities as the regenerator 118 is operated based upon temperature gradients.
- the regenerator 118 can become a source of cooling, via the heat exchanger 128, and the heat exchanger 128 extracts cooling power from helium flowing through the regenerator 118.
- the second regenerator 118, the line 122, the second pulse tube 120, and the heat exchanger 128 comprise a lower stage 134 of the cooling system 100.
- One or more various components 136 such as mechanical structures, electrical cabling, leads, thermal shields, and/or other components linking the second stage 134 and the first stage 112 or linking the second stage 134 and the surrounding environment may be thermally linked to the heat exchanger 128 via a thermal link 138.
- the heat exchanger 128 may also be thermally coupled via a thermal link 202 to a thermal intercept 204 that is attached to, or inserted within, the second pulse tube 120.
- the thermal intercept 204 is generally designed for transmitting heat from the second pulse tube 120 to the thermal link 202.
- the thermal intercept 204 is attached to the second pulse tube 120 within a physical area or zone thereof that operates within a temperature range of about 8K to about 20K.
- the thermal intercept 204 comprises a high thermally conductive material (e.g., copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like) wrapped around the second pulse tube 120 and/or inserted within the second pulse tube for more efficient thermal exchange.
- the thermal intercept 204 has a configuration corresponding to that of the heat exchanger 128. In other words, the thermal intercept 204 may be disposed between two portions of the second pulse tube 120.
- the thermal link 138 may comprise any desired thermally conductive structure for transmitting heat from the component 136 to the heat exchanger 128.
- the thermal link 138 may comprise a metallic (e.g. , copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like) portion extending between the component 136 and the heat exchanger 128.
- the thermal link may comprise a metallic (e.g., copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like) braid covering at least a portion of a cable or lead and extending to the heat exchanger 128.
- the thermal link may, in one embodiment, comprise a heat pipe extending between the component 136 and the heat exchanger 128.
- a heat pipe comprises a sealed container made of a high thermal conductivity material having inner surfaces with a capillary wicking material.
- the heat exchanger 128 may comprise various configurations, such as those shown in Figures 3A-3F.
- a first illustrative embodiment of the heat exchanger 128, shown in Figures 3A (front view) and 3B (side view) may comprise a plurality of plates 302 (only one is labeled for ease of illustration) defining a plurality of openings 304 (only one is labeled for ease of illustration) therethrough.
- the openings 304 defined by each plate 302 are generally aligned to allow fluid flowing through the second regenerator 118 to communicate therethrough, so that heat may be transferred to the helium from the walls of the openings 304.
- FIG. 3C front view
- 3D side view
- This second embodiment may comprise a block 306 defining a plurality of openings 308 (only one is labeled for ease of illustration) therethrough, such that fluid flowing through the second regenerator 118 may communicate through the openings 308.
- the second embodiment may, in certain situations, have greater thermal exchange capabilities and than the first embodiment, since the second embodiment omits interfaces between the plates 302.
- the heat exchanger 128 comprises a high thermal conductivity material, such as copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy.
- FIGS 3E (front view) and 3F (side view) depict a third illustrative embodiment of the heat exchanger 128, which comprises a grid 310 of thermally conductive material (e.g. , copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like).
- the grid 310 defines openings 312 (only one indicated) that allow fluid flowing through the second regenerator 118 to communicate therethrough.
- the third embodiment may, in certain situations, have greater thermal exchange capabilities over the first and second embodiments due to a greater amount of surface area over which helium may flow.
- the thermal intercept 204 may have configurations corresponding to the embodiments of the heat exchanger 128 depicted in Figures 3A-3F.
- the thermal intercept 204 may be disposed within the pulse tube 120 and comprise a plurality of plates defining a plurality of openings therethrough, a block defining a plurality of openings therethrough, or a grid defining a plurality of openings therethrough.
- openings allow helium to flow therethrough and a thermal exchange occurs between the helium and the walls of the openings.
- heat exchanger 128, the thermal links 138, 202, and the thermal intercept 204 are shown in Figures 1-3F as being used with a pulse tube type cooling system, the present invention is not so limited. Rather the heat exchanger 128, the thermal links 138, 202, and the thermal intercept 204 may be used with any cooling system having a regenerator-type device, such as Stirling cooling systems and Gifford-McMahon cooling systems.
- Figure 4A depicts a first illustrative embodiment of a method of extracting cooling power from helium in the regenerator 118 according to the present invention.
- the method includes flowing helium through the first portion 130 of the regenerator 118 (block 402) and flowing the helium through the heat exchanger 128 disposed between the first portion 130 and the second portion 132 of the regenerator 118 (block 404).
- the method further includes transferring heat from the component 136 via the thermal link 138 to the heat exchanger 128 (block 406).
- Figure 4B depicts a second illustrative embodiment of a method of extracting cooling power from helium in the regenerator 118 according to the present invention.
- the method includes blocks 402, 404 as described above concerning Figure 4A.
- the method further includes transferring heat from the thermal intercept 204 coupled with the pulse tube 120 to the heat exchanger 128 via the thermal link 202 (block 408). In this way, heat may be extracted from the pulse tube 120 to enhance its cooling capabilities.
- Figure 4C depicts a third illustrative embodiment of a method of extracting cooling power from helium in the regenerator 118 according to the present invention.
- the method includes blocks 402, 404 as described above concerning Figure 4A.
- the method further comprises transferring heat from the thermal intercept 204 coupled with a zone of the pulse tube 120 capable of operating within a temperature range of about 8K to about 20K to the heat exchanger 128 via the thermal link 202 (block 410).
- the cooling capability of the pulse tube 120 may be enhanced by taking advantage of the greatest enthalpy difference of helium within the pulse tube 120, which is within a temperature range of about 8K to about 20K.
- Figure 4D depicts a fourth illustrative embodiment of a method of extracting cooling power from helium in the regenerator 118 according to the present invention.
- the method includes blocks 402, 406 as described above concerning Figure 4A.
- the method further includes flowing helium having a temperature within a range of about 8K to about 20K through the heat exchanger 128, which is disposed between the first portion 130 and the second portion 132 of the regenerator 118.
- the cooling capability of the helium within the regenerator 118 may be enhanced by taking advantage of the greatest enthalpy difference of helium therein, which is within a temperature range of about 8K to about 20K.
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- A cooling system, comprising:at least one regenerator capable of allowing helium to flow therethrough;a heat exchanger disposed within the regenerator and being capable of extracting cooling power from the helium; anda thermal link coupled to the heat exchanger for thermally coupling the heat exchanger with a component.
- A cooling system, according to claim 1, wherein the regenerator, the heat exchanger, and the thermal link are part of a lower stage of the cooling system, which system further comprises an upper stage for delivering cooled helium to the lower stage.
- A cooling system, according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the component comprises a component of the cooling system.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a structure defining a plurality of openings therethrough for communication of the helium so that cooling power may be extracted from the helium.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the thermal link comprises a heat pipe.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the cooling system further comprises:a pulse tube;a heat intercept thermally coupled with the pulse tube; anda thermal link coupling the heat exchanger and the heat intercept.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed within a zone of the regenerator capable of operating within a temperature range of about 8K to about 20K.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the cooling system comprises a pulse tube cooling system.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the cooling system comprises a Stirling cooling system.
- A cooling system, according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the cooling system comprises a Gifford-McMahon cooling system.
- A method of operating a mechanical cooler using helium as a working fluid for cooling a device, the cooler having first and second cooler stages each having a regenerator, the pressure in the second stage oscillating between about 1x105 Pa and 1x106 Pa in a temperature range between about 2 K and 50 K, comprising the step of establishing heat exchange relationship between a zone of the regenerator of the second stage having a temperature within a first temperature range and a mechanical link linking the cooler to the device and having a mean temperature greater than the first temperature range.
- The method of claim 12, wherein the zone of the second stage regenerator is selected to be at a working temperature between 8 and 20 K.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT03076111T ATE418049T1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | HELIUM COOLING SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED OPERATING METHOD |
DE60325333T DE60325333D1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | Helium cooling system and associated operating method |
EP03076111A EP1469261B1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | A helium cooling system and a method of operating the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03076111A EP1469261B1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | A helium cooling system and a method of operating the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1469261A1 true EP1469261A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
EP1469261B1 EP1469261B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
Family
ID=32892930
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03076111A Expired - Lifetime EP1469261B1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | A helium cooling system and a method of operating the same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1469261B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE418049T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60325333D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2914050A1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-26 | L'air Liquide | Low/very low temperature refrigerator e.g. dilution type refrigerator, for use in research laboratory, has exchanger in contact with helium of regenerator, and component system or copper part thermally coupled between exchanger and coolant |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2856756A (en) * | 1953-06-26 | 1958-10-21 | Philips Corp | Cold-gas refrigerating machine and method |
US3372554A (en) * | 1965-04-06 | 1968-03-12 | Philips Corp | Arrangement for producing cold at very low temperatures |
US5101894A (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1992-04-07 | Alabama Cryogenic Engineering, Inc. | Perforated plate heat exchanger and method of fabrication |
US5259197A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1993-11-09 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Compression type heat pump |
US5298337A (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1994-03-29 | Alabama Cryogenic Engineering, Inc. | Perforated plates for cryogenic regenerators and method of fabrication |
US5609034A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1997-03-11 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling system |
US6173761B1 (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 2001-01-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cryogenic heat pipe |
JP2002071236A (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-03-08 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Cold storage refrigerating machine |
-
2003
- 2003-04-15 EP EP03076111A patent/EP1469261B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-15 AT AT03076111T patent/ATE418049T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-15 DE DE60325333T patent/DE60325333D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2856756A (en) * | 1953-06-26 | 1958-10-21 | Philips Corp | Cold-gas refrigerating machine and method |
US3372554A (en) * | 1965-04-06 | 1968-03-12 | Philips Corp | Arrangement for producing cold at very low temperatures |
US5101894A (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1992-04-07 | Alabama Cryogenic Engineering, Inc. | Perforated plate heat exchanger and method of fabrication |
US5298337A (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1994-03-29 | Alabama Cryogenic Engineering, Inc. | Perforated plates for cryogenic regenerators and method of fabrication |
US5259197A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1993-11-09 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Compression type heat pump |
US5609034A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1997-03-11 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling system |
US6173761B1 (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 2001-01-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cryogenic heat pipe |
JP2002071236A (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-03-08 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Cold storage refrigerating machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 07 3 July 2002 (2002-07-03) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2914050A1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-26 | L'air Liquide | Low/very low temperature refrigerator e.g. dilution type refrigerator, for use in research laboratory, has exchanger in contact with helium of regenerator, and component system or copper part thermally coupled between exchanger and coolant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60325333D1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
EP1469261B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
ATE418049T1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
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