EP1466807A1 - Lichtsignal - Google Patents

Lichtsignal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1466807A1
EP1466807A1 EP04425233A EP04425233A EP1466807A1 EP 1466807 A1 EP1466807 A1 EP 1466807A1 EP 04425233 A EP04425233 A EP 04425233A EP 04425233 A EP04425233 A EP 04425233A EP 1466807 A1 EP1466807 A1 EP 1466807A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
luminous
light
mirror
units
type
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04425233A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mario Cappellini
Roberto Cappellini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elettromeccanica CM Srl
Original Assignee
Elettromeccanica CM Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elettromeccanica CM Srl filed Critical Elettromeccanica CM Srl
Publication of EP1466807A1 publication Critical patent/EP1466807A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/095—Traffic lights
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/12—Visible signals
    • B61L5/18—Light signals; Mechanisms associated therewith, e.g. blinders
    • B61L5/1809—Daylight signals
    • B61L5/1845—Optical systems, lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F21V7/0016—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting on lighting devices that also provide for direct lighting, e.g. by means of independent light sources, by splitting of the light beam, by switching between both lighting modes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2111/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F21W2111/02—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for roads, paths or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a light signal apparatus to be used in the railroad and road fields, in particular, but not exclusively, for uses as a railway signal of a type so-called “permanently luminous", that is, for signals of a type utilized for regulating the running of trains, and for semaphore use, that is, for regulating the on-road circulation.
  • the railway light signals devices may be subdivided into two main categories: movable screen devices (of electro-mechanical type) and dichroic mirror and optical fibres devices (of static type).
  • the light sources consists of lamps which, in the first case are of incandescence type, and in the second are of halogen type.
  • incandescence type In the first case are of incandescence type, and in the second are of halogen type.
  • halogen type for the semaphores there are generally used incandescent lamps as well.
  • the above mentioned light signals devices have many drawbacks, among which the fact that in case of a burnt-out lamp, the relevant useful signal cannot be generated; that overheating, and thus integrity problems may arise due to excess of heat generated by the lamps, in addition to the fact that they may often be affected by the so-called "ghost effect".
  • the latter being a phenomenon of essentially optical nature by which the optical unit - intended to emit the light signal by projecting white or otherwise coloured light - although switched off, is able all the same to project a beam of light following the incidence and subsequent reflection of foreign radiations (for example, coming from artificial sources like railroad or road lamps and lights, signs, natural sources like sun rays) in the signal-projecting direction.
  • foreign radiations for example, coming from artificial sources like railroad or road lamps and lights, signs, natural sources like sun rays
  • the main object of the present invention is to suppress or at least greatly reduce the above said drawbacks.
  • the present invention makes it possible to greatly increase the reliability and thus the operation safety of this type of signal apparatus; to avoid the onset of the "ghost effect"; to reduce the costs of inspection and maintenance of the signal devices; to lower to a minimum or at least to acceptable levels the detrimental thermal effects related to the supply of electrical power to the light sources.
  • an apparatus according to the present invention is relatively simple to make and cost-effective in relation to the its performance.
  • the numeral 1 designates the whole of an apparatus for light signalling according to the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a containment structure 2, depicted only schematically, which can be modified according to the signal's function.
  • the structure 2 has a substantially cylindrical shape, with a cylindrical element 22 of lesser diameter extending on its front side in correspondence of a central aperture 23 intended to allow exit of light radiations, so as to define a shield or screen 22.
  • a conical mirror 3 is provided inside the structure 2, in a central region and in correspondence of said aperture 23, is a conical mirror 3.
  • the mirror is of right-cone shape with opening angle of 45°, the opening referring to the angle ⁇ between the longitudinal axis of the cone (indicated by Z and passing through the vertex 33 and the centre of the base circle) and a generatrix of the cone; for the sake of clarity, in Fig. 3 the symbol ⁇ indicates also the angle defined by an axis X passing through the centre 34 and a segment W; Y indicates an axis orthogonal to the axis X.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 wherein the mirror 3 is seen in side view, it can be noted that such view defines an isosceles triangle with its right-angle vertex in correspondence of the vertex 33 of the cone making up the mirror.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a plurality of light sources 4 arranged along a cylindrical surface 40 and, in the illustrated example, are made up of LEDs 4.
  • the cylindrical surface 40 is coaxial to the cone 3.
  • the luminous radiations RE emitted by the light sources 4 are reflected by the conical mirror 3 reflected into rays RR parallel to the axis Z of the cone.
  • the axis of cone 3 coincides with the optical axis of the signalling apparatus.
  • the light sources 4 are subdivided into sectors connected in parallel to each other, each of said sectors comprising a light source 4 or more light sources connected in series to each other.
  • Shown in Fig. 5 is and electric diagram of a matrix representing the cylindrical surface 40, with m sectors in parallel, each of which consists of n LEDs in series.
  • a relevant limiting resistance R 1 , ..., R m
  • n LEDs D 1,1 ..., D m,n
  • relevant filtering/orienting means 44 may be disposed between the LEDs 4 and the conical mirror 3.
  • the said filtering means 44 may comprise a pair of converging lenses able to improve the focusing of the luminous beam emitted by the LEDs.
  • a first lens 45 may be used, disposed closer to a LED, of piano-spheric or plano-aspheric type, with its flat side facing the LED 4, and a second lens 46 of piano-cylindrical type with its flat side facing the conical mirror 3.
  • This configuration which comprises the filtering/orienting means 44, results particularly useful when the LEDs exhibit emission angles larger than 3-4°.
  • Such configuration offers the further advantage of eliminating the aspheric lens, currently present in the railroad signal devices, as the beam of light projected by the conical mirror is made up of rays substantially parallel to each other which do not require the provision of said lens. This allows reducing the production cost of the light signal device and, at the same time, eliminates the loss of luminous energy (in the order of 8%) deriving by the passage of the light rays through the air/glass interface of said aspheric lens.
  • the LEDs 4 make up directly the cylindrical surface 40 which emits the luminous radiations; in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, on the contrary, the LEDs 4 are connected on output to corresponding light guides of optical fibre 5 (that can be made, for example, from optical glass having a diameter of about 50 ⁇ ) able to route the luminous signals up to corresponding emitters 55 disposed along a cylindrical surface facing the mirror 3.
  • optical fibre 5 that can be made, for example, from optical glass having a diameter of about 50 ⁇
  • the cone 3 has its vertex turned to the direction of emission of the luminous rays, and the reflecting surface is the one external to the cone. It is also possible to construct apparatuses in which the cone 3 is disposed in opposite position, that is, with the vertex 33 located rearwardly and the theoretical centre 34 of the cone's base being turned to the direction of emission of the luminous rays.
  • the reflecting surface will be the internal one, the aperture of the conical mirror will be larger, and the arrangement of the light sources (or LEDs) will be such as to form different angles to the axis of the cone.
  • the conical mirror instead of the conical mirror, use can be made of a right-pyramid mirror whose base is defined by a regular polygon of any number of sides. Also in this case, the considerations apply made in relation to the reflection of the rays emitted from the light sources, that is, the correspondence between the perpendicularity of the direction of the ray emitted by the light source, with respect to the axis of the pyramid, and the angle that the corresponding side surface of the pyramid (on which the ray is reflected) makes with the same axis.
  • the mirror may be shaped according to a conical or pyramidal surface, these surfaces including also those relating to conical and pyramidal frustums.
  • the apparatus 1 may use a very high number of LEDs, also of different types, that is, LEDs able to emit light of more colours (for example, green, yellow and red, that can be obtained also with the provision of filters disposed along the path of the luminous radiation emitted by white-light LEDs), thereby offering optimal performance, in terms of light intensity and availability of the system, and providing a signal characterized by a very high reliability.
  • LEDs also of different types, that is, LEDs able to emit light of more colours (for example, green, yellow and red, that can be obtained also with the provision of filters disposed along the path of the luminous radiation emitted by white-light LEDs), thereby offering optimal performance, in terms of light intensity and availability of the system, and providing a signal characterized by a very high reliability.
  • a signal apparatus comprising a matrix of LEDs arranged in parallel sectors, each sector including one or more LEDs in series
  • experimental tests have shown that this arrangement allows a significant increase of the reliability and availability of each of the three optical groups (equal to each other) that form the ligth signal apparatus.
  • the particular embodiment and technology being used actually bring about a very long average life; by way of non-limiting example, such length can be expected of over 20 years.
  • the so-called screen (indicated with 22) of railroad signals extends over at least 225 mm, approximately, starting from the front surface of the signal's optical unit (in the centre of which the vertex 33 of the conical mirror 3 is disposed) according to a cylindrical shape with 191 mm diameter.
  • the screen 22 defines a region of protection towards the luminous radiation which is assimilable to a cylinder 225 mm high and 191 mm in diameter.
  • the same radiations must be inclined, with respect to the optical axis of the signal, by an angle less than about 42°.
  • the luminous radiations in order to pass through the mouth of the cylinder defined by the screen 22, the luminous radiations must be inclined to the axis by less than 42° approximately; besides, in order to act upon half of the mirror's surface, the angle should be less than 22°.
  • the present apparatus can provide a direct illumination, that is, without the interposition of the mirror 3; in such case, the electric diagram will be similar to that illustrated in Fig. 5, with a matrix of LEDs having m sectors in parallel, each sector being formed by n LEDs in series. Possibly provided on each sector is a relevant limiting resistance (R 1 , ..., R m ) and n LEDs (D 1,1 ... , D m,n ) . Also in this alternative embodiment, provision may be made for lenses, for example of concave or convex type.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
EP04425233A 2003-04-08 2004-03-31 Lichtsignal Withdrawn EP1466807A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000099A ITFI20030099A1 (it) 2003-04-08 2003-04-08 Apparecchiatura per la segnalazione luminosa
ITFI20030099 2003-04-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1466807A1 true EP1466807A1 (de) 2004-10-13

Family

ID=32866054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04425233A Withdrawn EP1466807A1 (de) 2003-04-08 2004-03-31 Lichtsignal

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1466807A1 (de)
IT (1) ITFI20030099A1 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1607677A1 (de) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-21 Osram Sylvania Inc. LED-Lampe mit konusförmig Reflektor
WO2007050764A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-05-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. A projection light source having multiple light emitting diodes
EP1896763A2 (de) * 2005-06-29 2008-03-12 Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Leuchte mit einer vielzahl von leuchtdioden in dezentraler anordnung
EP2375134A3 (de) * 2010-04-10 2011-11-09 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
US8083375B2 (en) 2010-08-18 2011-12-27 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Lamp device
US8215801B2 (en) 2010-04-10 2012-07-10 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Lighting apparatus
WO2012176117A1 (en) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Led-based lighting unit with optical component for mixing light output from a plurality of leds
US8668351B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2014-03-11 GE Lighting Solutions, LLC LED traffic signal and optical element therefor
CN108730879A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2018-11-02 宁波亿鑫诚电器有限公司 调光大功率led太阳能路灯及调光使用方法
CN110389360A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2019-10-29 南京理工大学 一种用于小型无人机的360°环视成像与激光告警装置
DE102019206757A1 (de) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Strahlformungseinheit für ein Lichtquellenmodul, Lichtquellenmodul, elektronisches Gerät und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Strahlformungseinheit für ein Lichtquellenmodul

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD118334A1 (de) * 1975-03-17 1976-02-20
DE4003846A1 (de) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-16 Zelisko Josef Elektro Masch Verfahren und haltevorrichtung fuer ein lichtleiterbuendel
WO1995012512A1 (de) * 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 Siemens Integra Verkehrstechnik Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur abgabe von optischen signalen
US5663719A (en) * 1993-04-29 1997-09-02 Electro-Tech's LED traffic signal light with automatic low-line voltage compensating circuit
US5838247A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-11-17 Bladowski; Witold S. Solid state light system
GB2329011A (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-10 Howells Railway Products Limit Light comprising a plurality of LEDs
US20020136027A1 (en) * 2001-03-26 2002-09-26 Siemens Airfield Solutions Elevated airfield runway and taxiway edge-lights utilizing light emitting diodes
EP1371540A2 (de) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 TECNOLOGIE MECCANICHE s.r.l. LED-Signalvorrichtung, insbesondere für Eisenbahnen

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD118334A1 (de) * 1975-03-17 1976-02-20
DE4003846A1 (de) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-16 Zelisko Josef Elektro Masch Verfahren und haltevorrichtung fuer ein lichtleiterbuendel
US5663719A (en) * 1993-04-29 1997-09-02 Electro-Tech's LED traffic signal light with automatic low-line voltage compensating circuit
WO1995012512A1 (de) * 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 Siemens Integra Verkehrstechnik Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur abgabe von optischen signalen
US5838247A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-11-17 Bladowski; Witold S. Solid state light system
GB2329011A (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-10 Howells Railway Products Limit Light comprising a plurality of LEDs
US20020136027A1 (en) * 2001-03-26 2002-09-26 Siemens Airfield Solutions Elevated airfield runway and taxiway edge-lights utilizing light emitting diodes
EP1371540A2 (de) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 TECNOLOGIE MECCANICHE s.r.l. LED-Signalvorrichtung, insbesondere für Eisenbahnen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MICHAEL ZABEL, JÖRG LIEBSCHER: "LED - Eine neue Generation von Lichtquellen für Eisenbahnsignale", SIGNAL + DRAHT., vol. 2000, no. 9, September 2000 (2000-09-01), DETELZLAFF VERLAG GMBH. DARMSTADT., pages 31 - 33, XP009033674 *

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1607677A1 (de) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-21 Osram Sylvania Inc. LED-Lampe mit konusförmig Reflektor
US7237927B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2007-07-03 Osram Sylvania Inc. Light emitting diode lamp with conically focused light guides
EP1896763A2 (de) * 2005-06-29 2008-03-12 Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Leuchte mit einer vielzahl von leuchtdioden in dezentraler anordnung
WO2007050764A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-05-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. A projection light source having multiple light emitting diodes
US7506985B2 (en) 2005-10-26 2009-03-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Projection light source having multiple light emitting diodes
US8668351B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2014-03-11 GE Lighting Solutions, LLC LED traffic signal and optical element therefor
US8434907B2 (en) 2010-04-10 2013-05-07 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Lighting apparatus
CN102252179B (zh) * 2010-04-10 2014-07-16 Lg伊诺特有限公司 照明设备
US8192049B2 (en) 2010-04-10 2012-06-05 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. LED lighting apparatus including reflector and heat radiating body
US8215801B2 (en) 2010-04-10 2012-07-10 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Lighting apparatus
CN102252179A (zh) * 2010-04-10 2011-11-23 Lg伊诺特有限公司 照明设备
US8591061B2 (en) 2010-04-10 2013-11-26 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. LED lighting apparatus including reflector
CN104110595A (zh) * 2010-04-10 2014-10-22 Lg伊诺特有限公司 照明设备
EP2375134A3 (de) * 2010-04-10 2011-11-09 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
EP2420719A1 (de) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-22 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Lampenvorrichtung mit Leuchtdioden auf einer ringförmigen Fläche und mit Prismen
US8083375B2 (en) 2010-08-18 2011-12-27 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Lamp device
WO2012176117A1 (en) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Led-based lighting unit with optical component for mixing light output from a plurality of leds
CN103620455A (zh) * 2011-06-24 2014-03-05 皇家飞利浦有限公司 具有用于混合来自多个led的光输出的光学部件的基于led的照明单元
US9447931B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2016-09-20 Koninklijke Philips N.V. LED-based lighting unit with optical component for mixing light output from a plurality of LEDs
RU2613156C2 (ru) * 2011-06-24 2017-03-15 Филипс Лайтинг Холдинг Б.В. Светодиодное осветительное устройство с оптическим компонентом для смешения выходных световых излучений от множества светодиодов
CN108730879A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2018-11-02 宁波亿鑫诚电器有限公司 调光大功率led太阳能路灯及调光使用方法
CN108730879B (zh) * 2018-06-08 2021-01-08 宁波亿鑫诚电器有限公司 调光大功率led太阳能路灯及调光使用方法
DE102019206757A1 (de) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Strahlformungseinheit für ein Lichtquellenmodul, Lichtquellenmodul, elektronisches Gerät und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Strahlformungseinheit für ein Lichtquellenmodul
CN110389360A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2019-10-29 南京理工大学 一种用于小型无人机的360°环视成像与激光告警装置

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