EP1465760A1 - Method and device for controlling the shrink behavior of plastic materials during primary shaping - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling the shrink behavior of plastic materials during primary shaping

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Publication number
EP1465760A1
EP1465760A1 EP03704213A EP03704213A EP1465760A1 EP 1465760 A1 EP1465760 A1 EP 1465760A1 EP 03704213 A EP03704213 A EP 03704213A EP 03704213 A EP03704213 A EP 03704213A EP 1465760 A1 EP1465760 A1 EP 1465760A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
mold
fixing
outer mold
controlling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03704213A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Olaf Abels
Martin Rechtien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
Original Assignee
ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Lemfoerder GmbH filed Critical ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
Publication of EP1465760A1 publication Critical patent/EP1465760A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14754—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles being in movable or releasable engagement with the coating, e.g. bearing assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14754—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles being in movable or releasable engagement with the coating, e.g. bearing assemblies
    • B29C2045/14762—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles being in movable or releasable engagement with the coating, e.g. bearing assemblies using shrinkage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/22—Hinges, pivots
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32713—Elastomerically biased or backed components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary shaping of plastics.
  • Ball joints such as those used for mounting wishbones in vehicles, have at least one ball joint housing which accommodates an at least one-piece ball socket in which a ball pin is rotatably and tiltably mounted.
  • the ball pin must be accommodated in the housing or in the bearing shell in such a way that no movement in the axial direction of the ball pin is possible. In practice this is achieved by an excess of the joint ball diameter compared to the ball stud opening of the ball joint housing.
  • a ball joint which has a housing provided with a cavity in which a ball is movably mounted in a bearing shell.
  • the bearing shell is made of plastic, which is injected into the ball housing through an opening reaching into the cavity.
  • the invention includes the technical teaching that during the transition of the material from the liquid to the solid state, the liquid material is partially fixed to a part of the mold.
  • Liquefied plastic can be introduced between an inner mold and an outer mold in order to harden.
  • the material is only partially fixed to the outer shape. This ensures better mobility of the inner shape.
  • the method can thus be used particularly well for connecting a ball stud to a ball joint housing and a bearing shell of a ball joint arranged between them.
  • the only partial fixation of the hardening plastic can be achieved on the basis of the physical or chemical properties of defined areas of the outer shape, that is, a positive or material connection with the outer shape is only partially created or brought about and, as a result, a controlled shrinkage of the plastic is made possible.
  • a further embodiment of this method can be seen in the fact that the space between the inner mold and the outer mold is filled by means of an injection molding process.
  • This method is particularly suitable for casting plastics, which are the preferred material for the production of bearing shells. This enables a very good homogeneity of the material to be achieved and short cycle times are possible, so that the manufacturing time for an assembly manufactured by means of the method according to the invention is significantly shortened compared to known methods.
  • the fixation can advantageously be achieved by means of a material or form-fitting connection, as a result of which a flexible configuration of the fixation options is achieved and a limitation in the implementation of a fixation to a method can be avoided.
  • the cavities formed during the solidification of the material in such a way that lubricant is introduced into these cavities after solidification.
  • a device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary shaping of plastics This can have a casting tool which receives at least one outer shape and an inner shape inserted therein, the liquefied plastic to be molded being insertable between the molded parts.
  • means for fixing the liquid plastic are formed on the outer shape.
  • the means for fixing the plastic are profiles, which can be designed, for example, as T-slots into which the liquid material to be molded flows.
  • the solidification transition ensures secure fixation and good control of the shrinkage behavior with simple and inexpensive reshaping of the inner molded part.
  • the means for fixing the plastic can also be molding zones which partially have an adhesive base with a high level of adhesiveness with respect to the plastic to be molded and areas free of non-adhesive areas which have a low adhesive capacity with respect to the plastic to be molded.
  • mold zones are also suitable as a means for fixing the plastic, some of which have a binder such as adhesive and also binder-free areas.
  • the inner shape is the ball of a ball pin, since the material is thus matched directly to the component intended for the intended use and the detour via a separate molded part and the assembly of the shaped part with the ball pin can be saved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a snapshot of a ball joint
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a later snapshot of a
  • FIG. 3 a fragmentary enlarged view of FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 a further sectional view of a ball joint.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show the states of the injected plastic 1 occurring before and after solidification in the process.
  • an outer shape 2 with an inner shape 3 - the ball of the ball pin - is shown in section, between which the injected, liquid plastic 1 - preferably the shell material - is.
  • the outer mold 2 has areas which have favorable adhesion conditions for the injected plastic 1. These areas 4a, 4b, 4c can be clearly seen in FIG. 2.
  • the injected plastic 1 has already solidified and a shrinkage has occurred in some areas due to the material properties. Due to the specially prepared areas 4a, 4b, 4c of the outer mold 2, an adhesion between the outer mold 2 and the injected plastic 1 has been realized at these points. Inevitably, the adhesion between the injected plastic 1 and the outer mold 2 results in cavities 5, 6 between the inner mold 3, the ball stud, and the injected plastic 1 and between the outer mold 2 and the injected plastic 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the 12 o'clock area 4a enlarged. Due to the controlled fixation of the injected plastic 1, the deformations that occur due to the shrinkage behavior of the injected plastic 1 and the associated stresses 7 can be predicted qualitatively and also quantitatively. In the area where the injected plastic 1 adheres to the inner mold 3 due to the shrinkage, compressive stresses 7a arise between the inner mold 3 and the injected plastic 1, which are represented by corresponding arrows. The tensile stress 7b occurring in the injected plastic 1 between the fixing area on the outer mold 2 and the press / shrink fit of the inner mold 3 are also shown. The area of the fixation and the cavity 5 between the injected plastic 1 and the inner mold 3 and the cavity 6 between the injected plastic 1 and the outer mold 2 can also be seen here clearly.
  • FIG. 4 also illustrates a sectional view, in which 2 T-shaped grooves 4a, 4b, 4c are introduced into the outer mold, into which the liquefied plastic flows during injection molding. Since these areas cool faster and therefore harden as a result of their smaller volume compared to the bearing shell, there is a fixation of the hardening plastic 1 in these areas, which is thus carried out in a targeted and controlled manner, while cavities 5, 6 arise between these fixings 4a, 4b, 4c ,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the shrink behavior of plastic materials during primary shaping in the production of a plastic shell, especially a bearing shell for a socket joint. A liquefied plastic material is introduced between an inner mold (3) and an outer mold (2) to be solidified therein, the plastic material being partially fixed (4a, 4b, 4c) to the outer mold (2) during solidification. The inventive method is preferably suitable for use in a device for controlling the shrink behavior of plastic materials during primary shaping, which device comprises a casting tool that receives at least one outer mold (2) and one inner mold (3) inserted therein. The liquefied plastic material (1) to be shaped is introduced between the mold parts (2, 3). Means for fixing the liquid plastic material (1) are configured on the outer mold (2).

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens während desMethod and device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the
Urformens von KunststoffenPrimitive molding of plastics
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens während des Urformens von Kunststoffen.The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary shaping of plastics.
Derartige Verfahren und Vorrichtungen werden üblicherweise in Fertigungsbetrieben der Automobilzulieferindustrie, beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Kugelgelenken eingesetzt. Kugelgelenke wie sie zum Beispiel zur Lagerung von Querlenkern in Fahrzeugen Verwendung finden, weisen mindestens ein Kugelgelenkgehäuse auf, welches eine wenigstens einteilige Kugelschale aufnimmt, in der ein Kugelzapfen drehbar und kippbar gelagert ist. Dabei muss der Kugelzapfen so in dem Gehäuse beziehungsweise in der Lagerschale untergebracht werden, dass keine Bewegung in axialer Richtung des Kugelzapfens möglich ist. Dies wird in der Praxis durch ein Übermaß des Gelenkkugeldurchmessers gegenüber der Kugelzapfenöffnung des Kugelgelenkgehäuses erreicht.Such methods and devices are usually used in manufacturing companies in the automotive supply industry, for example in the production of ball joints. Ball joints, such as those used for mounting wishbones in vehicles, have at least one ball joint housing which accommodates an at least one-piece ball socket in which a ball pin is rotatably and tiltably mounted. The ball pin must be accommodated in the housing or in the bearing shell in such a way that no movement in the axial direction of the ball pin is possible. In practice this is achieved by an excess of the joint ball diameter compared to the ball stud opening of the ball joint housing.
Aus der Gebrauchsmusterschrift DE 296 17276 Ul ist ein Kugelgelenk bekannt, welches ein mit einem Hohlraum versehenes Gehäuse aufweist, in dem eine Kugel in einer Lagerschale beweglich gelagert ist. Die Lagerschale wird aus Kunststoff erzeugt, der durch eine zum Hohlraum reichende Öffnung in das Kugelgehäuse injiziert wird.From the utility model DE 296 17276 Ul a ball joint is known which has a housing provided with a cavity in which a ball is movably mounted in a bearing shell. The bearing shell is made of plastic, which is injected into the ball housing through an opening reaching into the cavity.
Bei dem bekannten Verfahren tritt der Nachteil auf, dass durch Schwindung der injizierte Kunststoff und die Kugel über einen Press-/Schrumpfsitz kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind, so dass die Bewegungsfreiheit des Kugelzapfens und der Kugel im Verhältnis zur Gleitschale und dem Gehäuse beeinträchtigt ist und zu hohen Reibmomenten führt. Zudem ist es durch das unkontrollierte Aufschrumpfen schwierig, Schmiermittel in die Lagerung einzubringen. Weiterhin entsteht auf der Außenseite des Schalemnaterials durch die Schwindung ein unerwünschter Spalt zum Gehäuse. Lösungen, in denen das Schwindungsverhalten durch Zugabe von Fasern oder durch thermische Behandlung gesteuert werden sollen, zeigen keinen Erfolg.In the known method there is the disadvantage that the injected due to shrinkage Plastic and the ball are non-positively connected to each other via a press / shrink fit, so that the freedom of movement of the ball pin and the ball in relation to the sliding shell and the housing is impaired and leads to high frictional moments. In addition, due to the uncontrolled shrinking, it is difficult to introduce lubricant into the bearing. Furthermore, the shrinkage creates an undesirable gap to the housing on the outside of the formwork material. Solutions in which the shrinkage behavior is to be controlled by adding fibers or by thermal treatment are unsuccessful.
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur beeinflussbaren, kontrollierten Schwindung eines verflüssigten, aushärtenden Kunststoffes zu schaffen, sodass die entstehenden Hohlräume vorhersehbar und nutzbar sind.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for influencing, controlled shrinkage of a liquefied, hardening plastic, so that the resulting cavities are predictable and usable.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1 und mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem Anspruch 6 gelöst.This object is achieved with a method according to claim 1 and with a device according to claim 6.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung schließt die technische Lehre ein, dass während des Übergangs des Materials vom flüssigen in den festen Aggregatzustand, das flüssige Material partiell an einem Teil der Form fixiert wird. Dabei kann verflüssigter Kunststoff zwischen eine Innenform und eine Außenform eingebracht werden, um auszuhärten.The invention includes the technical teaching that during the transition of the material from the liquid to the solid state, the liquid material is partially fixed to a part of the mold. Liquefied plastic can be introduced between an inner mold and an outer mold in order to harden.
Diese Lösung bietet den Vorteil, dass durch die gesteuerte Schwindung ein gezielter Nutzen der durch die Schwindung unvermeidlich entstehenden Hohlräume erzielt wird, nämlich einerseits um die Reibung und damit den Verschleiß zwischen den Einzelteilen herabzusetzen und andererseits um beispielsweise Schmiermittel in die Hohlräume einbringen zu können.This solution offers the advantage that the controlled shrinkage achieves a specific benefit of the cavities that are inevitably created by the shrinkage, namely on the one hand to reduce the friction and thus the wear between the individual parts and on the other hand to be able to introduce lubricant into the cavities, for example.
Ein besonderer Vorteil ist es, dass das Material nur partiell an der Außenform fixiert wird. Hierdurch wird eine bessere Beweglichkeit der Innenform gewährleistet. Damit lässt sich das Verfahren besonders gut für die Verbindung eines Kugelzapfens mit einem Kugelgelenkgehäuse und einer zwischen diesen angeordneten Lagerschale eines Kugelgelenkes einsetzen.It is a particular advantage that the material is only partially fixed to the outer shape. This ensures better mobility of the inner shape. The method can thus be used particularly well for connecting a ball stud to a ball joint housing and a bearing shell of a ball joint arranged between them.
Die nur partielle Fixierung des aushärtenden Kunststoffes kann aufgrund der physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften definierter Bereiche der Außenform erreicht werden, das heißt, es wird nur partiell eine form- oder stoffschlüssige Verbindung mit der Außenform erzeugt oder herbeigeführt und daraus resultierend eine gesteuerte Schwindung des Kunststoffes ermöglicht.The only partial fixation of the hardening plastic can be achieved on the basis of the physical or chemical properties of defined areas of the outer shape, that is, a positive or material connection with the outer shape is only partially created or brought about and, as a result, a controlled shrinkage of the plastic is made possible.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung dieses Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, dass der Zwischenraum zwischen Innenform und Außenform mittels eines Spritzgießverfahrens gefüllt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist besonders geeignet um Kunststoffe, welche das bevorzugte Material zur Herstellung von Lagerschalen darstellen, zu vergießen. Dadurch kann eine sehr gute Homogenität des Werkstoffes erreicht werden und es sind kurze Taktzeiten möglich, sodass sich die Herstellungszeit für eine mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellte Baugruppe entscheidend gegenüber bekannten Verfahren verkürzt.A further embodiment of this method can be seen in the fact that the space between the inner mold and the outer mold is filled by means of an injection molding process. This method is particularly suitable for casting plastics, which are the preferred material for the production of bearing shells. This enables a very good homogeneity of the material to be achieved and short cycle times are possible, so that the manufacturing time for an assembly manufactured by means of the method according to the invention is significantly shortened compared to known methods.
Alternativ kann die Fixierung vorteilhafterweise mittels einer Stoff- oder formschlüssigen Verbindung erreicht werden, wodurch eine flexible Ausgestaltung der Fixierungsmöglichkeiten erzielt wird und eine Einschränkung bei der Realisierung einer Fixierung auf ein Verfahren vermeidbar ist.Alternatively, the fixation can advantageously be achieved by means of a material or form-fitting connection, as a result of which a flexible configuration of the fixation options is achieved and a limitation in the implementation of a fixation to a method can be avoided.
Bei einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung könnte beispielsweise an eine Verklebung gedacht sein, da diese keine zeitaufwendige Formgebung erfordert, sodass sich auf einfache Weise eine Fixierung realisieren lässt.In the case of a cohesive connection, for example, an adhesive bond could be considered since this does not require any time-consuming shaping, so that a fixation can be implemented in a simple manner.
Darüber hinaus ist es wie eingangs bereits angedeutet, vorteilhaft, die bei der Erstarrung des Materials entstehenden Hohlräume derart zu nutzen, dass nach dem Erstarren Schmiermittel in diese Hohlräume eingebracht wird. Es ist aus Kostengründen von besonderem Vorteil, wenn das zuvor beschriebene Verfahren mit einer Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Schrumpfiingsverhaltens während des Urformens von Kunststoffen durchgeführt wird. Diese kann ein Gießwerkzeug aufweisen, das mindestens eine Außenform und eine in diese eingesetzte Innenform aufnimmt, wobei zwischen die Formteile der zu formende, verflüssigte Kunststoff einbringbar ist. An der Außenform sind bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Lösung Mittel zum Fixieren des flüssigen Kunststoffes ausgebildet.In addition, as already indicated at the beginning, it is advantageous to use the cavities formed during the solidification of the material in such a way that lubricant is introduced into these cavities after solidification. For cost reasons, it is particularly advantageous if the previously described method is carried out with a device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary shaping of plastics. This can have a casting tool which receives at least one outer shape and an inner shape inserted therein, the liquefied plastic to be molded being insertable between the molded parts. In a solution according to the invention, means for fixing the liquid plastic are formed on the outer shape.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass die Mittel zur Fixierung des Kunststoffes Profile sind, die beispielsweise als T-Nuten ausgeführt sein können, in welche das zu formende flüssige Material fließt. Hierbei wird durch den Erstarrungsübergang eine sichere Fixierung sowie eine gute Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens bei einfacher und kostengünstiger Umformung des inneren Formteils erzielt.Another advantage is that the means for fixing the plastic are profiles, which can be designed, for example, as T-slots into which the liquid material to be molded flows. The solidification transition ensures secure fixation and good control of the shrinkage behavior with simple and inexpensive reshaping of the inner molded part.
Die Mittel zur Fixierung des Kunststoffes können jedoch ebenso Formzonen sein, welche partiell einen Haftgrund mit hoher Adhäsionsfähigkeit bezüglich des zu formenden Kunststoffes und haftgrundfreie Bereiche aufweisen, die bezüglich des zu formenden Kunststoffes über eine geringe Adhäsionsfähigkeit verfügen.However, the means for fixing the plastic can also be molding zones which partially have an adhesive base with a high level of adhesiveness with respect to the plastic to be molded and areas free of non-adhesive areas which have a low adhesive capacity with respect to the plastic to be molded.
Weiterhin sind als Mittel zur Fixierung des Kunststoffes Formzonen geeignet, die partiell ein Bindemittel wie Klebstoff sowie bindemittelfreie Bereiche aufweisen.Also suitable as a means for fixing the plastic are mold zones, some of which have a binder such as adhesive and also binder-free areas.
Insbesondere von Vorteil ist es, wenn die Innenform die Kugel eines Kugelzapfens ist, da das Material so direkt auf das für den Einsatzzweck vorgesehene Bauteil abgestimmt ist und der Umweg über ein separates Formteil sowie die Montage des geformten Teils mit dem Kugelzapfen eingespart werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if the inner shape is the ball of a ball pin, since the material is thus matched directly to the component intended for the intended use and the detour via a separate molded part and the assembly of the shaped part with the ball pin can be saved.
So lässt sich erfindungsgemäß eine optimale Kraft- beziehungsweise Spannungsverteilung innerhalb des Kunststoffmaterials erreichen. Zudem lässt sich die Anzahl der Hohlräume zur Schmierung optimieren. Weiterhin ist eine gezielte Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens des erstarrenden Kunststoffes möglich. Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren näher dargestellt. Es zeigen:In this way, according to the invention, an optimal force or tension distribution can be achieved within the plastic material. The number of cavities for lubrication can also be optimized. Furthermore, a targeted control of the shrinkage behavior of the solidifying plastic is possible. Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated below with reference to the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Momentaufnahme eines Kugelgelenks, Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht einer späteren Momentaufnahme einesFig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a snapshot of a ball joint, Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a later snapshot of a
Kugelgelenks, Fig. 3 ausschnittsweise eine vergrößerte Ansicht der Fig. 2 und Fig. 4 eine weitere Schnittansicht eines Kugelgelenkes.3, a fragmentary enlarged view of FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 a further sectional view of a ball joint.
Die Fig. 1 und 2 stellen die bei dem Verfahren auftretenden Zustände des injizierten Kunststoffs 1 vor und nach dem Erstarren dar. In Fig. 1 ist eine Außenform 2 mit einer Innenform 3 - der Kugel des Kugelzapfens - im Schnitt dargestellt, zwischen denen sich der injizierte, flüssige Kunststoff 1 - vorzugsweise das Schalenmaterial - befindet. Die Außenform 2 weist dabei Bereiche auf, welche günstige Haftungsbedingungen für den injizierten Kunststoff 1 aufweisen. Diese Bereiche 4a, 4b, 4c sind in Fig. 2 deutlich erkennbar.1 and 2 show the states of the injected plastic 1 occurring before and after solidification in the process. In FIG. 1 an outer shape 2 with an inner shape 3 - the ball of the ball pin - is shown in section, between which the injected, liquid plastic 1 - preferably the shell material - is. The outer mold 2 has areas which have favorable adhesion conditions for the injected plastic 1. These areas 4a, 4b, 4c can be clearly seen in FIG. 2.
In Fig. 2 ist der injizierte Kunststoff 1 bereits erstarrt und aufgrund der Materialeigenschaften bereichsweise eine Schwindung eingetreten. Aufgrund der speziell präparierten Bereiche 4a, 4b, 4c der Außenform 2 ist an diesen Stellen eine Haftung zwischen Außenform 2 und injiziertem Kunststoff 1 realisiert worden. Zwangsläufig ergeben sich aus der Haftung zwischen injiziertem Kunststoff 1 und Außenform 2 Hohlräume 5, 6 zwischen der Innenform 3, dem Kugelzapfen, und dem injiziertem Kunststoff 1 und zwischen Außenform 2 und injiziertem Kunststoff 1. In Fig. 2 sind drei präparierte Bereiche 4a, 4b, 4c zur Fixierung des injizierten Kunststoffs 1 an der Außenform 2 zu erkennen. Diese Bereiche befinden sich in 12-Uhr Position 4a, in 8-Uhr Position 4b und in 4-Uhr Position 4c, sind also um 120° zueinander versetzt angeordnet.In Fig. 2, the injected plastic 1 has already solidified and a shrinkage has occurred in some areas due to the material properties. Due to the specially prepared areas 4a, 4b, 4c of the outer mold 2, an adhesion between the outer mold 2 and the injected plastic 1 has been realized at these points. Inevitably, the adhesion between the injected plastic 1 and the outer mold 2 results in cavities 5, 6 between the inner mold 3, the ball stud, and the injected plastic 1 and between the outer mold 2 and the injected plastic 1. In FIG. 2, three prepared areas 4a, 4b , 4c for fixing the injected plastic 1 to the outer mold 2. These areas are in the 12 o'clock position 4a, in the 8 o'clock position 4b and in the 4 o'clock position 4c, so they are arranged at 120 ° to each other.
Fig. 3 stellt den 12-Uhr Bereich 4a vergrößert dar. Aufgrund der gesteuerten Fixierung des injizierten Kunststoffs 1 sind die auftretenden Verformungen infolge des Schwindungsverhaltens des injizierten Kunststoffs 1 und der damit verbundenen Spannungen 7 qualitativ und auch quantitativ vorhersagbar. In dem Bereich, in dem der injizierte Kunststoff 1 aufgrund der Schwindung an der Innenform 3 haftet, entstehen Druckspannungen 7a zwischen Innenform 3 und injiziertem Kunststoff 1, welche durch entsprechende Pfeile dargestellt sind. Die in dem injizierten Kunststoff 1 entstehenden Zugspannung 7b zwischen dem Fixierungsbereich an Außenform 2 und dem Press- /Schrumpfsitz der Innenform 3 sind ebenfalls dargestellt. Ebenso deutlich ist hier der Bereich der Fixierung sowie der Hohlraum 5 zwischen injiziertem Kunststoff 1 und Innenform 3 und der Hohlraum 6 zwischen injiziertem Kunststoff 1 und Außenform 2 zu sehen.Fig. 3 shows the 12 o'clock area 4a enlarged. Due to the controlled fixation of the injected plastic 1, the deformations that occur due to the shrinkage behavior of the injected plastic 1 and the associated stresses 7 can be predicted qualitatively and also quantitatively. In the area where the injected plastic 1 adheres to the inner mold 3 due to the shrinkage, compressive stresses 7a arise between the inner mold 3 and the injected plastic 1, which are represented by corresponding arrows. The tensile stress 7b occurring in the injected plastic 1 between the fixing area on the outer mold 2 and the press / shrink fit of the inner mold 3 are also shown. The area of the fixation and the cavity 5 between the injected plastic 1 and the inner mold 3 and the cavity 6 between the injected plastic 1 and the outer mold 2 can also be seen here clearly.
Die Figur 4 veranschaulicht darüber hinaus eine Schnittdarstellung, in der in die Außenform 2 T-fömiige Nuten 4a, 4b, 4c eingebracht sind, in die der verflüssigte Kunststoff während des Spritzgießens einfließt. Da diese Bereiche infolge ihres verglichen mit der Lagerschale geringeren Volumens schneller erkalten und damit aushärten, ergibt sich eine Fixierung des aushärtenden Kunststoffes 1 in diesen Bereichen, die somit gezielt und gesteuert erfolgt, während zwischen diesen Fixierungen 4a, 4b, 4c Hohlräume 5, 6 entstehen. FIG. 4 also illustrates a sectional view, in which 2 T-shaped grooves 4a, 4b, 4c are introduced into the outer mold, into which the liquefied plastic flows during injection molding. Since these areas cool faster and therefore harden as a result of their smaller volume compared to the bearing shell, there is a fixation of the hardening plastic 1 in these areas, which is thus carried out in a targeted and controlled manner, while cavities 5, 6 arise between these fixings 4a, 4b, 4c ,
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Material (injiziert)1 material (injected)
2 Außenform2 outer shape
3 Innenform3 inner shape
4 Fixierungen4 fixations
4a Fixierung in 12-Uhr Position4a fixation in the 12 o'clock position
4b Fixierung in 8-Uhr Position4b fixation in 8 o'clock position
4c Fixierung in 4-Uhr Position4c fixation in the 4 o'clock position
5 Hohlraum zwischen Innenform und Material5 cavity between inner shape and material
6 Hohlraum zwischen Material und Außenform6 cavity between material and outer shape
7 Spannungen 7a Druckspannung 7b Zugspannung 7 stresses 7a compressive stress 7b tensile stress

Claims

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens während desUrformens von KunststoffenPatentansprüche Method and device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the shaping of plastics
1. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens während des Urformens von Kunststoffen bei der Herstellung einer Kunststoffschale, insbesondere einer Lagerschale für ein Kugelgelenk, wobei verflüssigter Kunststoff zwischen eine Innenform (3) und eine Außenform (2) eingebracht wird, um darin auszuhärten, wobei der Kunststoff während des Aushärtens partiell an der Außenform (2) fixiert wird.1. A method for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary molding of plastics in the production of a plastic shell, in particular a bearing shell for a ball joint, wherein liquefied plastic is introduced between an inner mold (3) and an outer mold (2) in order to harden therein, the plastic is partially fixed to the outer mold (2) during curing.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die partielle Fixierung des aushärtenden Kunststoffes (1) aufgrund der physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften definierter Bereiche der Außenform (2) erreicht wird, wodurch partiell eine form- oder stoffschlüssige Verbindung mit der Außenform (2) und daraus resultierend eine gesteuerte Schwindung des Kunststoffes (1) ermöglicht wird, so dass die Innenform (3) in dem Kunststoff (1) beweglich gelagert ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial fixation of the hardening plastic (1) is achieved due to the physical or chemical properties of defined areas of the outer shape (2), whereby partially a positive or material connection with the outer shape (2) and as a result a controlled shrinkage of the plastic (1) is made possible, so that the inner shape (3) is movably supported in the plastic (1).
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenraum (5, 6) zwischen Innenform (3) und Außenform (2) mittels eines Spritzgießverfahrens gefüllt wird. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate space (5, 6) between the inner mold (3) and outer mold (2) is filled by means of an injection molding process.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixierung des Kunststoffes (1) durch eine Verklebung erfolgt.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing of the plastic (1) is carried out by gluing.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die bei der Erstarrung des Kunststoffes (1) in der Form entstandenen Hohlräume (5,6) ein Schmiermittel eingebracht ist.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a lubricant is introduced into the cavities (5, 6) formed during the solidification of the plastic (1).
6. Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Schrumpfungsverhaltens während des Urformens von Kunststoffen zur Anwendung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorstehend genannten Ansprüche, aufweisend ein Gießwerkzeug, das mindestens eine Außenform (2) und eine in diese eingesetzte Innenform (3) aufiiimmt, wobei zwischen die Formteile (2, 3) der zu formende, verflüssigte Kunststoff (1) einbringbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Außenform (2) Mittel zum Fixieren des flüssigen Kunststoffes (1) ausgebildet sind.6. Apparatus for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary molding of plastics using a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a casting tool which receives at least one outer mold (2) and one inner mold (3) inserted therein, wherein between the molded parts ( 2, 3) the liquefied plastic (1) to be molded can be introduced, characterized in that means for fixing the liquid plastic (1) are formed on the outer mold (2).
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Fixierung des Kunststoffes (1) T-Nuten sind, in welche der flüssige Kunststoff (1) fließt und dadurch nach seiner Erstarrung an der Außenform (2) fixiert ist.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for fixing the plastic (1) are T-slots, in which the liquid plastic (1) flows and is thus fixed after its solidification on the outer shape (2).
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Fixierung des Kunststoffes (1) Formzonen sind, welche partiell einen Haftgrund mit hoher Adhäsionsfähigkeit bezüglich des zu formenden Kunststoffes (1) und haftgrundfreie Bereiche aufweisen, die bezüglich des zu formenden Kunststoffes (1) über eine geringe Adhäsionsfähigkeit verfügen. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for fixing the plastic (1) are molding zones, which partially have a primer with high adhesiveness with respect to the plastic to be molded (1) and non-adhesive areas that with respect to the plastic to be molded ( 1) have low adhesiveness.
. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Fixierung des Kunststoffes (1) Formzonen sind, welche partiell ein Bindemittel wie Klebstoff sowie bindemittelfreie Bereiche aufweisen., Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for fixing the plastic (1) are molding zones, which partially have a binder such as adhesive and binder-free areas.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenform (3) die Kugel eines Kugelzapfens ist. 10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the inner shape (3) is the ball of a ball pin.
EP03704213A 2002-01-17 2003-01-16 Method and device for controlling the shrink behavior of plastic materials during primary shaping Withdrawn EP1465760A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10201796A DE10201796A1 (en) 2002-01-17 2002-01-17 Method and device for controlling the shrinkage behavior during the primary shaping of plastics
DE10201796 2002-01-17
PCT/DE2003/000104 WO2003059597A1 (en) 2002-01-17 2003-01-16 Method and device for controlling the shrink behavior of plastic materials during primary shaping

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EP (1) EP1465760A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005514242A (en)
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DE102005034210B4 (en) * 2005-07-19 2008-04-10 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Method for producing a ball joint and joint produced thereafter
JP5497669B2 (en) * 2009-01-06 2014-05-21 日本碍子株式会社 Mold, and method for producing molded body using the mold
JP6150348B2 (en) * 2012-03-14 2017-06-21 株式会社ソミック石川 Ball joint bearing seat and ball joint
CA3057557C (en) * 2017-03-21 2023-12-19 Magna Exteriors Inc. In mold assembly of two hinges
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DE102023200670A1 (en) 2023-01-27 2024-08-01 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Method for producing a ball joint

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WO2003059597A1 (en) 2003-07-24
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US20040130070A1 (en) 2004-07-08
US7125513B2 (en) 2006-10-24

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