EP1463769A2 - Materiaux offrant une resistance a l erosion par cavitation dans les ecoulements liquides - Google Patents
Materiaux offrant une resistance a l erosion par cavitation dans les ecoulements liquidesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1463769A2 EP1463769A2 EP03709862A EP03709862A EP1463769A2 EP 1463769 A2 EP1463769 A2 EP 1463769A2 EP 03709862 A EP03709862 A EP 03709862A EP 03709862 A EP03709862 A EP 03709862A EP 1463769 A2 EP1463769 A2 EP 1463769A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- viscoelastic
- organic
- substrate
- cavitation
- erosion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
- F16L57/06—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to materials offering resistance to cavitation erosion occurring in liquid flows, in particular water.
- the invention also relates to coatings based on these materials intended to protect the substrates from cavitation erosion phenomena.
- a first objective of the present invention consists in providing a material capable of resisting the erosion of cavitation in a fluid, preferably a liquid, in particular water.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a material which is resistant both to cavitation erosion and to abrasive erosion.
- organic materials having a suitable viscoelastic shock impedance that is to say close to that of the medium in which they are immersed, and whose rate of elongation is greater than 100% , advantageously greater than 200%, have very good resistance to cavitation.
- the Applicant has shown experimentally that the main mechanism of damage in erosion of optical cavitation results from the interaction of a shock wave with the wall and its propagation in the material.
- the material in order to offer good resistance to cavitation erosion, the material must allow not only the incident wave to be very strongly transmitted in the material on the one hand, but
- the resistance to propagation of the shock wave in water and in the material must be of the same order of magnitude, so that the wave will not see the gap between water and material and will propagate at the interface by seeing the material as transparent.
- the shock impedance of the material according to the present invention must be adapted to that of the medium, that is to say of the fluid in which the material is immersed, said fluid advantageously being a liquid, and in particular water.
- a material whose impedance is substantially equal to the impedance of the medium will transmit the shock wave due to cavitation. However, if this material is used as a substrate coating metallic, the wave after propagation will strike said substrate which will therefore be damaged.
- the material created must therefore also be able to rapidly absorb the energy of the wave so that the latter is no longer effective on the possible substrate. This absorption can be done either by reversible modification or reversible deformation of the material, or by internal friction of the constituent elements of the material.
- the material of the invention was advantageously chosen from hyperelastic elastomers capable of large reversible deformations.
- the present invention relates to a material resistant to cavitation erosion, characterized in that it is formed from a viscoelastic material having a suitable shock impedance, that is to say an impedance Zmaterial substantially equal to the impedance of the medium Z x iieu as well as an elongation rate greater than 200%.
- the material is thus characterized by the fact that its shock impedance is adapted (that is to say substantially equal) to the shock impedance of the medium where the cavitation phenomenon is initiated.
- the rate of elongation of the material plays an important or even crucial role in its behavior with respect to cavitation.
- the elasticity of the medium can be understood from the Young complex modulus E defined as follows:
- COS ⁇ + i.sin ⁇
- the material according to the invention is characterized by elasticity modulus values, at 1 Hz of stress, less than 100 MPa, advantageously less than 85 MPa, preferably less than or equal to 70 MPa.
- the material will be chosen such that the value tg ⁇ is greater than approximately 0.6, advantageously greater than approximately 0.8.
- the material must also be chosen in such a way that it can still resist the mechanical stress of the jet, that is to say with E 'and sufficient elongation.
- the material according to the invention is an organic material, preferably a polymeric material, in particular a viscoelastic elastomer.
- the polymer should be of essentially amorphous structure, although it may be very weakly crystalline, or at least it will evolve only very slowly from the amorphous domain to the semi-crystalline domain.
- amorphous materials are preferred, the glass transition temperature of which is of the order of magnitude of the temperature of the environment in which the material is immersed and when it is subjected to high stresses.
- the glass transition temperature increases when the stress rate increases.
- the material will therefore advantageously be chosen from those whose glass transition temperature is less than 20 ° C, advantageously less than 0 ° C, preferably advantageously less than or equal to approximately -20 ° C, when subjected to low stresses of the '' order from 1 Hz to about 20 Hz.
- the organic viscoelastic material subjected to these mechanical stresses consists of an association of hard molecular chains (short chains with low molecular weight) and flexible chains (long chains of high molecular weight).
- the polymer can be obtained by polyaddition reactions of short chains with high reactivity on long chains, by different chemical reactivities and / or different polarities.
- the short molecular chains provide the links or interconnections between the long chains.
- a homogeneous distribution of these interconnections provides a regular distribution of the hydrogen bonds and makes it possible to obtain a good isotropy of the deformations during stresses.
- the viscoelastic material having the characteristics according to the present invention is advantageously chosen from the viscoelastic polymers known to those skilled in the art.
- the viscoelastic polymers suitable in the context of the present invention can be of very varied nature, but must in particular satisfy the impedance and elongation conditions as defined above in the present description.
- These (co) polymers can thus be more or less crosslinked bicomponent resins having the desired mechanical characteristics.
- the polymers preferred in the context of the present invention are those having long chains which are more or less crosslinked together by short chains. In this way the polymers can very easily absorb the energy produced by a shock by reversible deformation.
- the viscoelastic polymer materials according to the invention may further contain diluents, fillers, plasticizers or other additives known to the skilled person, depending on the intended use of the so-called 'aterials.
- diluents fillers, plasticizers or other additives known to the skilled person, depending on the intended use of the so-called 'aterials.
- the use of such additives must not however modify the homogeneous nature of the material nor modify the mechanical characteristics of the material (in particular its impedance and its elongation module) so that its resistance to cavitation erosion as defined in the the present invention is not modified.
- the present invention also relates to monolithic parts or blocks based on the material resistant to cavitation erosion as defined above.
- monolithic blocks can be obtained by any means known per se, such as for example molding, machining or even assembly and / or bonding of molded and / or machined parts.
- the present invention also relates to coating compositions based on viscoelastic materials as defined above, as well as substrates coated, covered, and / or coated with these materials.
- the nature of the substrates can be of any type and for example metallic (steel, cast iron, etc.), pure or composite plastic, in particular epoxy resins, optionally in combination with glass, carbon fibers, etc.
- the method of covering, coating, coating depends on the nature of the substrate and the thickness of material desired on said substrate. Good results have been obtained with thicknesses of the order of a few mm, for example around 2 mm.
- the thickness of the coating can be adapted according to the characterization of the wavelengths of incident shocks.
- the method by which the viscoelastic material is deposited on the substrate is not important in itself and can be of any type known to those skilled in the art.
- the material resistant to cavitation erosion can be deposited on the substrate with a brush, a spatula, by injection, by spray, electrostatic injection or not, by soaking, application of a film or by cross-linking in situ (that is to say on the substrate) of the viscoelastic prepolymer on the substrate.
- Such a preparation may consist, for example, of sandblasting the substrate or of applying an adhesion primer to the substrate.
- the invention relates to a method of protection against cavitation erosion, consisting in interposing between a shock wave and a substrate subjected to cavitation erosion or liable to undergo cavitation erosion an organic viscoelastic material as defined above. .
- the invention also relates to a method of protecting a substrate against cavitation erosion, characterized in that it consists in using a coated substrate, coated or even covered with at least one organic viscoelastic material such as defined above or of a composition comprising at least one organic viscoelastic material as defined above.
- the above protection method comprises the implementation of a substrate consisting of a monolithic block substantially obtained by molding, machining, or other techniques, of a viscoelastic organic material as defined previously in the present description.
- a substrate consisting of a monolithic block substantially obtained by molding, machining, or other techniques, of a viscoelastic organic material as defined previously in the present description.
- Viscoelastic polymer material according to the invention p ⁇ 1.1; E ' ⁇ 14 MPa: c ⁇ 2200 m. s -1 ; tg ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- optical cavitation The experimental method for characterizing the resistance of materials to cavitation erosion is that called optical cavitation (Isselin et al., Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 84, n ° 10). The tests were carried out under conditions of maximum aggressiveness determined experimentally. The number of implosions for each trial is 180,000.
- the metallic samples such as stainless steel 304 or Z 06CN 13-04 are damaged with leaving the material, the samples based on material according to the invention are not not damage.
- the SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 1 The metal substrate is a stainless steel type ASTM A743 CA6NM (Z 04 CN 13-04) or a C-epoxy composite.
- This support is degreased, sanded with corundum, degree of cleanliness SA 2.5, ISO 8501-1 for a roughness R a of between 6.3 and 12.5 ⁇ m.
- a layer of adhesion primer with a thickness of the order of 10 ⁇ m.
- a time of the order of 2 h is applied either with a spatula, with a brush, by spray, molding the viscoelastic compound of a composition of base resin A and hardener B:
- Hardener B is composed of an aromatic prepolymer of diphenylmethanediisocyanate.
- the prepolymer is characterized by its isocyanate index iNCO.
- Parts A and B are mixed by mechanical mixing at high speed and after a waiting time of the order of 10 min. , the mixture is applied either in successive layers of approximately 700 ⁇ m or in a single layer to form a thickness of 2 mm.
- the product is then polymerized either at room temperature or at different temperatures up to 60 ° C.
- the characterization of this product gives a glass transition temperature of the order of -35 ° C and values of E 'and E "of 60 and 52 MPa respectively as well as a value of tg ⁇ equal to 0.86 for a stress frequency 18 Hz.
- the density of the product is around 1.1.
- the speed of sound propagation is around 2200 m. s -1 .
- Various samples of this type were tested in optical cavitation without damage for 180,000 shots at pressures of 1, 20, 40 bars.
- the metal substrate is not damaged. Under the same test conditions, the metal samples not coated in A743 CA6NM stainless steel were damaged at around 25,000 shots.
- Example 2 The same substrates having undergone the same preparation are covered with the viscoelastic compound of the following composition:
- Resin A is composed of a polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) polyol containing a proportion of 5% to 10% of butanediol.
- PTMG polytetramethylene glycol
- the resin is characterized by its hydroxyl index iOH.
- Hardener B is composed of an aromatic diphenylmethanediisocyanate prepolymer. The prepolymer is characterized by its isocyanate index iNCO.
- the Resin A / Hardener B ratio varies so that the iNCO / iXH ratio is between
- the weight ratio varies accordingly: 80% of Resin A for 20% of Hardener B to
- the product after mixing is applied by molding on the sample and polymerization at a temperature below 60 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of this product is around -45 ° C.
- the values of E ' is around 70 MPa, tg ⁇ around 0.70 at 18 Hz.
- the density is of the order of 1.2.
- the speed of sound propagation of 2,300 m. s "1 .
- PTFE tetrafluoroethylene
- the sample is damaged after 180,000 shots.
- the facies of damage shows the existence of broken fibrils.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0200162A FR2834513B1 (fr) | 2002-01-08 | 2002-01-08 | Materiaux offrant une resistance a l'erosion par cavitation dans des ecoulements liquides |
FR0200162 | 2002-01-08 | ||
PCT/FR2003/000043 WO2003057751A2 (fr) | 2002-01-08 | 2003-01-08 | Materiaux offrant une resistance a l'erosion par cavitation dans les ecoulements liquides |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1463769A2 true EP1463769A2 (fr) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=8871194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03709862A Withdrawn EP1463769A2 (fr) | 2002-01-08 | 2003-01-08 | Materiaux offrant une resistance a l erosion par cavitation dans les ecoulements liquides |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1463769A2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003214297A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2834513B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20033946L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003057751A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5059672A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1991-10-22 | Thare Coat, Inc. | Elastomeric reaction products of aromatic isocyanate, aliphatic isocyanate and aromatic diamine components |
CA2134087C (fr) * | 1992-04-24 | 2007-07-17 | Robert S. Ward | Copolymeres et pellicule non poreuse, semi-permeable de ce produit et son utilisation pour la permeation de molecules d'une plage de poids moleculaires predetermines |
US5569687A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-10-29 | Rohm And Haas Company | Waterborne zinc-rich primer compositions |
CA2186519A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-04-11 | Henry S. Hsich | Tube metallique a revetement polymere multicouche |
CA2404753A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Elastomeres de polyurethane thermoplastiques (tpus) prepares avec un segment souple de carbonate de polytrimethylene |
-
2002
- 2002-01-08 FR FR0200162A patent/FR2834513B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-01-08 WO PCT/FR2003/000043 patent/WO2003057751A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-08 EP EP03709862A patent/EP1463769A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-08 AU AU2003214297A patent/AU2003214297A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-05 NO NO20033946A patent/NO20033946L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03057751A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003057751A2 (fr) | 2003-07-17 |
WO2003057751A3 (fr) | 2004-03-25 |
FR2834513B1 (fr) | 2006-01-20 |
NO20033946L (no) | 2003-10-27 |
AU2003214297A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
AU2003214297A8 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
NO20033946D0 (no) | 2003-09-05 |
FR2834513A1 (fr) | 2003-07-11 |
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