EP1461634A1 - Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals in a radio signal - Google Patents

Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals in a radio signal

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Publication number
EP1461634A1
EP1461634A1 EP02795399A EP02795399A EP1461634A1 EP 1461634 A1 EP1461634 A1 EP 1461634A1 EP 02795399 A EP02795399 A EP 02795399A EP 02795399 A EP02795399 A EP 02795399A EP 1461634 A1 EP1461634 A1 EP 1461634A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
samples
ranges
levels
range
processing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP02795399A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Valery Thales Intellectual Property LEBLOND
Franck Thales Intellectual Property LETESTU
Alain Thales Intellectual Property RENARD
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP1461634A1 publication Critical patent/EP1461634A1/en
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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • G01S19/21Interference related issues ; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/1027Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference assessing signal quality or detecting noise/interference for the received signal
    • H04B1/1036Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference assessing signal quality or detecting noise/interference for the received signal with automatic suppression of narrow band noise or interference, e.g. by using tuneable notch filters

Definitions

  • the invention allows the detection and processing in a radio signal received by a receiver, of any “pulsed” type signal.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect the pulsed interference but also to reduce its effects.
  • pulsed signals and in particular pulsed interference represent, in particular for GPS applications, the English name for "Navstar Global Positioning System", a major difficulty in protection against interference.
  • One of the problems posed by the transmission of data by radio spectrum signals, like those of GPS signals, is the sensitivity of receivers to jammers taking into account the low powers involved and the large distances separating transmitters and receivers. .
  • the signal in the frequency bands for GPS is obtained by the modulation of a carrier by a first signal producing a first modulation spectrum with a width of the order of 2 MHz and by a second signal producing a second spectrum. modulation of a width of the order of 24 MHz.
  • These frequency bands for the GPS (L5) or for GALILEO (E5) can be disturbed by signals of the pulse type coming for example from civilian distance measuring equipment, or "DME" in English, between an airplane and a beacon on the ground.
  • the DME signal comprises two pulses of determined shapes spaced a few microseconds apart.
  • the beacon is recognized by the aircraft interrogating the beacon, by the frequency of the pulse emitted by the beacon.
  • the frequency deviations of the signals emitted by the beacons are in steps of 1 MHz.
  • the GPS receiver due to its large geographic coverage by its antenna diagram, randomly receives in its frequency band a multitude of signals drawn from several beacons interrogated by different aircraft. These frequencies emitted at different times and at frequencies spaced at 1 MHz, cause a degradation of the signal to noise ratio of the GPS receiver and consequently of measurement errors.
  • the effects of the interference of the signals drawn on the receivers depend on many factors among which one can quote, the peak power, the duty cycle, the width of the pulse.
  • GPS receivers in particular work with very low reception levels of the order of -130dBm, or around 30dB below the noise floor of the receiver.
  • the type of coded digital modulation used in GPS receivers allows extraction of the signal useful for these low reception levels.
  • a low level pulse at the input of the GPS receiver of the order of 30dB above the noise floor, can produce saturation of the radiofrequency input stages and saturation of the receiver analog-to-digital converter.
  • Another method consists of detecting the pulse and switching off the receiver for the duration of the pulse (“puise blanking” in English).
  • the disadvantage of this method is that if the pulses are numerous for a long period of time, the receiver, cut frequently, receives little useful signal, which leads to significant measurement errors.
  • the invention proposes a method for detecting and processing pulsed signals present in radioelectric signals applied to the input of a radiofrequency receiver, the receiver having a analog-to-digital converter for performing digital coding on N bits of a packet K of P successive samples of the analog signal applied to the input of the receiver and a computer for processing said digital signals, characterized in that from a histogram of the occupancy rate of the digitized samples, classified by ranges Fx of increasing levels of samples in amplitude, a range Fn is determined, among the ranges Fx, from which the total number of digitized samples Nnor contained in the ranges Fn and those less than Fn is greater than or equal to a threshold Nn of normality, Nn being a predetermined number in depending on the sensitivity of the detection of pulsed signals that one wishes to achieve.
  • the computer performs at least the following operations: - counting of the number of samples Ny per range Fx of levels of samples increasing in amplitude, x being an integer between 1 and m, all of the samples of the packet K of P of samples being stored in at least one of the ranges Fx of levels of the samples;
  • a first objective of the method according to the invention is to detect, from digitized samples of the received radio signal, the presence of a signal drawn from the input of the receiver. To this end, in a first phase of the method according to the invention, a range of sample levels corresponding to the supposed undisturbed signals is carried out, which we will call the range of normality (range Fn).
  • This range Fn will be characterized by samples of small amplitude compared to the amplitude of the samples of pulsed signals and to the capacity of the analog-digital converter.
  • This range of normality Fn is determined by taking the sum of the samples, starting from the lowest level range (range F1), contained in the ranges of increasing levels and by comparing the total number of samples in these ranges with a value predetermined Nn of samples supposed to be undisturbed, for example, at a value close to the number P of samples of the packet of digitized samples.
  • the range Fn is that from which the total number of samples exceeds the predetermined number Nn.
  • FIG. 1 shows a histogram of the principle of localization of the samples in the ranges Fx according to the invention.
  • Another objective of the invention is to suppress the action of the pulse signals on the useful signal at the output of the receiver when the presence of pulse signals are detected.
  • the invention proposes to bring the digital samples at the input of the receiver to values close to those they would take if the signal at the radiofrequency input of the receiver was a “continuous” radiofrequency signal not disturbed by a signal. drawn.
  • the method consists in clipping all of the digitized samples Nd counted in the ranges beyond the range of levels Fd, which we will call detection range, as defined above, at a number bits lower than those which can be supplied by the digital-analog converter of the receiver, for example at a number of bits close to those of the samples counted in the normality range Fn.
  • FIG. 2 represents a packet K of P samples quantized over N bits of the received signal
  • FIG. 3 represents a histogram of location of the most significant bits according to the invention of the packet K of FIG. 2.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the signals in any standard receiver and in particular in the case of GPS but more generally for most of the fields in which radioelectric signals are used, are at a given moment of the processing converted from analog to digital and are therefore coded on a certain number N of bits.
  • FIG. 2 represents a series of Ech samples quantized on N bits of the radio signal received by the receiver.
  • most of the time, the highest bit occupied is the second bit, except for 10% of the time or this time, it is the last most significant bit which is occupied .
  • the principle of the invention lies in the fact that in an interference-free configuration (that is to say without pulsed signals), the signal is coded at the bottom of the coding scale, say on the two or three bits of the bottom of the scale (little input power).
  • the entire signal is then coded on all of the coding bits and the most significant bit, corresponding to a sample containing this pulsed signal, is usually located at the top of the coding scale, either the Nth or the Nth-1 bit.
  • FIG. 3 represents a histogram of location of the most significant bits according to the invention of the packet K of P samples of FIG. 2
  • the sampled signal comprises a pulsed signal with a cycle rate of 10% and a period of 10 / Fe or Fe is the sampling frequency of the encoder of the receiver.
  • FIG. 3 representing a histogram comprising 12 ranges of levels (F1 to F12) on the abscissa corresponding to the location of the number of samples having the same most significant bit.
  • range Fd detection range. If all of the samples Nd classified beyond the detection range Fd is greater than a second threshold Sd, which we will call detection threshold, in percent of the P samples (5% for example), then we consider that the coded signal contains an intermittent component which must be treated by a specific process which we will describe later. On the other hand, if the second threshold Sd is not exceeded, it will be considered that the coded signal contains only “continuous” components which will be processed by conventional methods.
  • the coded signal is considered to contain an intermittent component.
  • the samples Nd are brought back, at the output of the processing, to the bottom part of the histogram is at levels which will make it appear that the coded signal contains only "continuous" components. To this end, it suffices to clip all of the samples Nd to a lower number of bits, close to the number of bits of the samples of the rank of normality Fn, for example those of Fn or Fn + 1.
  • the received signal consists of the GPS signal embedded in the thermal noise coded on the first two bits (bottom bits in Figure 3) and the intermittent cycle rate signal 10% and 10 / Fe period.
  • the samples Nd of the pulsed signals will be brought back to the level of thermal noise by programmable saturation.
  • the output signal after processing according to the invention, will consist of 90% of properly coded samples, that is to say with a signal actually received (36 samples out of 40 in the example of FIG. 3). ), and improperly coded samples (4 samples out of 40 in the example in Figure 3), that is to say reduced to the noise level but in any case much less powerful than the original pulsed signals therefore less disruptive for standard GPS receiver stages.
  • the treatments described according to the method according to the invention are carried out for example using a calculation circuit in a known manner.
  • the packets K of P digitized samples to be processed can be stored in a memory of the computer which will carry out the calculation operations necessary for determining the presence or absence of signals drawn as a function of the different thresholds Sn and Sd chosen such as previously described.
  • the computer may include a program comprising a series of instructions performing the various operations necessary for the process according to the invention.
  • the recent computers by their high speed of calculation, a processing of the signals in real time.
  • the use of the method of detection and processing of the pulsed signals according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the loss of the signal to noise ratio due to the presence of such disturbers at the input of a GPS receiver to a level of the order of 10% of the initial power, ie 1dB after processing, while without processing the presence of an intermittent jammer coded on 10 bits above the thermal noise, i.e. an IRN of 60 dB would have resulted in a loss of signal to noise ratio of the order of this INR, ie 60dB.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for detecting and processing in a radio signal received by a receiver, any pulsed signal present in the radio signals applied at the input of a RF receiver, the receiver including an analog-to-digital converter for digitally coding N bits of P successive samples of the analog signal applied in the receiver input and a calculator for processing said digital signals and on the basis of a histogram an occupancy of the digitized samples, classified by ranges Fx of sample levels increasing in amplitude, a range Fn is determined among the Fx ranges, based on which, the total number of digitized samples Nnor contained in the Fn ranges and those less than Fn is not less than a normality threshold Nn, Nn being a predetermined number depending on the sensitivity of the detection of pulsed signal which it is desired to produce. The invention is applicable to the protection of GPS-type radio receivers against interfering pulsed radio signals.

Description

PROCEDE DE DETECTION ET DE TRAITEMENT DE SIGNAUX PULSES DANS UN SIGNAL RADIOELECTRIQUE METHOD FOR DETECTION AND PROCESSING OF PULSED SIGNALS IN A RADIOELECTRIC SIGNAL
L'invention permet la détection et le traitement dans un signal radioélectrique reçu par un récepteur, de tout signal de type « puisé ». En outre, dans le cadre des systèmes de détection et de résistance aux interférences des récepteurs de navigation par satellite, le procédé selon l'invention permet de détecter les interférences puisées mais également d'en réduire les effets.The invention allows the detection and processing in a radio signal received by a receiver, of any “pulsed” type signal. In addition, in the context of systems for detecting and resisting interference from satellite navigation receivers, the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect the pulsed interference but also to reduce its effects.
Aujourd'hui, les signaux puisés et en particulier les interférences puisées représentent, notamment pour les applications GPS, dénomination anglaise pour « Navstar Global Positioning System », une difficulté majeure dans la protection contre les interférences. En effet, un des problèmes posés par la transmission de données par signaux radioélectriques à spectre étalé, comme ceux des signaux GPS, est la sensibilité des récepteurs aux brouilleurs compte tenu des faibles puissances mises en jeu et des distances importantes séparant les émetteurs et les récepteurs.Today, pulsed signals and in particular pulsed interference represent, in particular for GPS applications, the English name for "Navstar Global Positioning System", a major difficulty in protection against interference. One of the problems posed by the transmission of data by radio spectrum signals, like those of GPS signals, is the sensitivity of receivers to jammers taking into account the low powers involved and the large distances separating transmitters and receivers. .
Le signal dans les bandes de fréquence pour le GPS est obtenu par la modulation d'une porteuse par un premier signal produisant un premier spectre de modulation d'une largeur de l'ordre de 2 MHz et par un second signal produisant un second spectre de modulation d'une largeur de l'ordre de 24 MHz. Ces bandes de fréquence pour le GPS (L5) ou pour GALILEO (E5) peuvent être perturbées par des signaux de type puise provenant par exemple des équipements civils de mesure de distance, ou « DME » en langue anglaise, entre un avion et une balise au sol. Le signal DME comporte deux impulsions de formes déterminées espacées de quelques microsecondes. La balise est reconnue par l'aéronef interrogeant la balise, par la fréquence de l'impulsion émise par la balise. Les écarts en fréquence des signaux émis par les balises sont au pas de 1 MHz.The signal in the frequency bands for GPS is obtained by the modulation of a carrier by a first signal producing a first modulation spectrum with a width of the order of 2 MHz and by a second signal producing a second spectrum. modulation of a width of the order of 24 MHz. These frequency bands for the GPS (L5) or for GALILEO (E5) can be disturbed by signals of the pulse type coming for example from civilian distance measuring equipment, or "DME" in English, between an airplane and a beacon on the ground. The DME signal comprises two pulses of determined shapes spaced a few microseconds apart. The beacon is recognized by the aircraft interrogating the beacon, by the frequency of the pulse emitted by the beacon. The frequency deviations of the signals emitted by the beacons are in steps of 1 MHz.
Le récepteur GPS, du fait sa couverture géographique importante par son diagramme d'antenne, reçoit aléatoirement dans sa bande de fréquence une multitude de signaux puisés provenant de plusieurs balises interrogées par différents aéronefs. Ces fréquences émises à des instants différents et à des fréquences espacées de 1 Mhz, provoquent une dégradation du rapport signal à bruit du récepteur GPS et par conséquent des erreurs de mesure.The GPS receiver, due to its large geographic coverage by its antenna diagram, randomly receives in its frequency band a multitude of signals drawn from several beacons interrogated by different aircraft. These frequencies emitted at different times and at frequencies spaced at 1 MHz, cause a degradation of the signal to noise ratio of the GPS receiver and consequently of measurement errors.
Dans le cas général, les effets des interférences des signaux puisées sur les récepteurs dépendent de nombreux facteurs parmi lesquels on peut citer, la puissance crête, le rapport cyclique, la largeur de l'impulsion. Les récepteurs GPS en particulier travaillent avec des niveaux de réception très bas de l'ordre de -130dBm, soit environ 30dB sous le plancher de bruit du récepteur. Le type de modulation numérique codée utilisée dans les récepteurs GPS permet une extraction du signal utile pour ces faibles niveaux de réception. Dans ces conditions de très faible puissance reçue, une impulsion de faible niveau à l'entrée du récepteur GPS, de l'ordre de 30dB au-dessus du plancher du bruit, peut produire la saturation des étages d'entrée radiofréquence et la saturation du convertisseur analogique- numérique du récepteur. II existe actuellement des nombreux dispositifs et méthodes utilisant des traitements anti-intreferences permettant de détecter et d'éliminer d'un signal reçu, des interférences continues (non puisées) de manière à récupérer en sortie du récepteur un signal épuré utilisable par un récepteur GPS standard. Parmi ces méthodes on peut citer celle consistant à modifier le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne de réception pour créer un creux de réception (ou un zéro) dans la direction des perturbateurs, technique connue sous la dénomination en langue anglaise de « Controled Réception Pattern Antenna » ou en abrégé CRPA.In the general case, the effects of the interference of the signals drawn on the receivers depend on many factors among which one can quote, the peak power, the duty cycle, the width of the pulse. GPS receivers in particular work with very low reception levels of the order of -130dBm, or around 30dB below the noise floor of the receiver. The type of coded digital modulation used in GPS receivers allows extraction of the signal useful for these low reception levels. In these conditions of very low power received, a low level pulse at the input of the GPS receiver, of the order of 30dB above the noise floor, can produce saturation of the radiofrequency input stages and saturation of the receiver analog-to-digital converter. There are currently numerous devices and methods using anti-interference treatments making it possible to detect and eliminate from a received signal, continuous interference (not pulsed) so as to recover at the output of the receiver a refined signal usable by a GPS receiver. standard. Among these methods, one can cite the method of modifying the radiation pattern of the receiving antenna to create a receiving trough (or zero) in the direction of the disturbers, a technique known under the name in English of "Controled Reception Pattern Antenna ”or abbreviated CRPA.
La plus part des autres méthodes sont basées sur des estimations qui sont d'autant plus précises qu'elles sont réalisées sur des durées relativement longues pendant lesquelles les interférences sont présentes.Most of the other methods are based on estimates which are all the more precise as they are carried out over relatively long durations during which interference is present.
Une autre méthode consiste à détecter l'impulsion et à couper le récepteur pendant la durée de l'impulsion (« puise blanking » en langue anglaise). L'inconvénient de cette méthode est que si les impulsions sont nombreuses pendant une durée importante le récepteur, coupé fréquemment, reçoit peu de signal utile ce qui entraîne des erreurs de ' mesure importantes.Another method consists of detecting the pulse and switching off the receiver for the duration of the pulse (“puise blanking” in English). The disadvantage of this method is that if the pulses are numerous for a long period of time, the receiver, cut frequently, receives little useful signal, which leads to significant measurement errors.
Ces méthodes présentent des inconvénients majeurs, d'une part, elles sont mal adaptées aux inférences intermittentes et d'autre part, elles nécessitent pour fonctionner, dans ce dernier cas de figure, que l'inter érence soit observée sur un intervalle de temps suffisamment long, donc en particulier, qu'elle soit géographiquement stable ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les récepteurs GPS embarqués.These methods have major drawbacks, on the one hand, they are ill-suited to intermittent inferences and on the other hand, they require to operate, in the latter case, that inter erence is observed over a sufficiently long time interval, therefore in particular, that it is geographically stable which is not the case for on-board GPS receivers.
Afin de pallier les inconvénients des méthodes anti-anterférence de l'art antérieur, l'invention propose un procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés présents dans des signaux radioélectriques appliqués à l'entrée d'un récepteur radiofréquences, le récepteur ayant un convertisseur analogique-numérique pour effectuer le codage en numérique sur N bits d'un paquet K de P échantillons successifs du signal analogique appliqué à l'entrée du récepteur et un calculateur pour le traitement desdits signaux numériques, caractérisé en ce qu'à partir d'un histogramme du taux d'occupation des échantillons numérisés, classés par plages Fx de niveaux d'échantillons croissants en amplitude, on détermine une plage Fn, parmi les plages Fx, à partir de laquelle, le nombre total d'échantillons numérisés Nnor contenus dans les plages Fn et celles inférieures à Fn est supérieur ou égal à un seuil Nn de normalité, Nn étant un nombre prédéterminé en fonction de la sensibilité de la détection de signaux puisés que l'on souhaite réaliser.In order to overcome the drawbacks of the anti-anterference methods of the prior art, the invention proposes a method for detecting and processing pulsed signals present in radioelectric signals applied to the input of a radiofrequency receiver, the receiver having a analog-to-digital converter for performing digital coding on N bits of a packet K of P successive samples of the analog signal applied to the input of the receiver and a computer for processing said digital signals, characterized in that from a histogram of the occupancy rate of the digitized samples, classified by ranges Fx of increasing levels of samples in amplitude, a range Fn is determined, among the ranges Fx, from which the total number of digitized samples Nnor contained in the ranges Fn and those less than Fn is greater than or equal to a threshold Nn of normality, Nn being a predetermined number in depending on the sensitivity of the detection of pulsed signals that one wishes to achieve.
A cet effet le calculateur effectue au moins les opérations suivantes : - décompte du nombre d'échantillons Ny par plage Fx de niveaux d'échantillons croissant en d'amplitude, x étant un nombre entier compris entre 1 et m, la totalité des échantillons du paquet K de P d'échantillons étant rangés dans au moins une des plages Fx de niveaux des échantillons ;To this end, the computer performs at least the following operations: - counting of the number of samples Ny per range Fx of levels of samples increasing in amplitude, x being an integer between 1 and m, all of the samples of the packet K of P of samples being stored in at least one of the ranges Fx of levels of the samples;
- détermination d'une plage Fn parmi les plages Fx de niveaux d'échantillons, n étant compris entre 1 et m, à partir de laquelle, le nombre total d'échantillons compris dans les plages F1 à Fn dépasse une valeur prédéterminée Nn d'échantillons ;determination of a range Fn among the ranges Fx of sample levels, n being between 1 and m, from which the total number of samples included in the ranges F1 to Fn exceeds a predetermined value Nn d ' samples;
- décompte du nombre total d'échantillons Nd dans les plages de niveaux croissants au-delà d'une plage de niveaux Fd telle que : Fd = Fn + ΔF, ΔF étant une marge ou un écart positif d'un nombre de plages de niveaux d'échantillons par rapport à la plage Fn ;- counting of the total number of samples Nd in the ranges of increasing levels beyond a range of levels Fd such that: Fd = Fn + ΔF, ΔF being a positive margin or deviation of a number of ranges of levels samples from the Fn range;
- comparaison du nombre total d'échantillons Nd à un seuil Nmax d'échantillons à partir du quel on détermine la présence ou l'absence d'un signal puisé dans le signal reçu : si Nd > Nmax le signal reçu comporte un signal puisé, si Nd < Nmax le signal reçu ne contient pas de signal puisé. Un premier objectif du procédé selon l'invention est de détecter, à partir d'échantillons numérisés du signal radioélectrique reçu, la présence d'un signal puisé à l'entrée du récepteur. A cet effet, dans une première phase du procédé selon l'invention, on effectue la détection d'une plage de niveaux d'échantillons correspondant aux signaux supposés non perturbés, que nous appellerons plage de normalité (plage Fn). Cette plage Fn sera caractérisée par des échantillons de faible amplitude par rapport à l'amplitude des échantillons de signaux puisés et à la capacité du convertisseur analogique-numérique. Cette plage de normalité Fn est déterminée en effectuant la somme des échantillons, à partir de la plage de plus faible niveau (plage F1 ), contenus dans les plages de niveaux croissants et en comparant le nombre total d'échantillons dans ces plages à une valeur prédéterminée Nn d'échantillons supposés non perturbés, par exemple, à une valeur proche du nombre P d'échantillons du paquet d'échantillons numérisés. La plage Fn est celle à partir de laquelle le nombre total d'échantillons dépasse le nombre Nn prédéterminé.- comparison of the total number of samples Nd with a threshold Nmax of samples from which the presence or absence of a signal drawn from the received signal is determined: if Nd> Nmax the received signal comprises a drawn signal, if Nd <Nmax the received signal does not contain a pulsed signal. A first objective of the method according to the invention is to detect, from digitized samples of the received radio signal, the presence of a signal drawn from the input of the receiver. To this end, in a first phase of the method according to the invention, a range of sample levels corresponding to the supposed undisturbed signals is carried out, which we will call the range of normality (range Fn). This range Fn will be characterized by samples of small amplitude compared to the amplitude of the samples of pulsed signals and to the capacity of the analog-digital converter. This range of normality Fn is determined by taking the sum of the samples, starting from the lowest level range (range F1), contained in the ranges of increasing levels and by comparing the total number of samples in these ranges with a value predetermined Nn of samples supposed to be undisturbed, for example, at a value close to the number P of samples of the packet of digitized samples. The range Fn is that from which the total number of samples exceeds the predetermined number Nn.
La figure 1 montre un histogramme du principe de localisation des échantillons dans les plages Fx selon l'invention.FIG. 1 shows a histogram of the principle of localization of the samples in the ranges Fx according to the invention.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est de supprimer l'action des signaux impulsionnels sur le signal utile en sortie du récepteur lorsque la présence de signaux impulsionnels sont détectés. A cet effet l'invention propose de ramener les échantillons numériques à l'entrée du récepteur à des valeurs proches de celles qu'ils prendraient si le signal à l'entrée radiofréquence du récepteur était un signal radiofréquence « continu » non perturbé par un signal puisé.Another objective of the invention is to suppress the action of the pulse signals on the useful signal at the output of the receiver when the presence of pulse signals are detected. To this end, the invention proposes to bring the digital samples at the input of the receiver to values close to those they would take if the signal at the radiofrequency input of the receiver was a “continuous” radiofrequency signal not disturbed by a signal. drawn.
Le procédé, selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, consiste à écrêter la totalité des échantillons numérisés Nd décomptés dans les plages au-delà de la plage de niveaux Fd, que nous appellerons rang de détection, telle que définie précédemment, à un nombre de bits plus faible que ceux pouvant être fournis par le convertisseur numérique-analogique du récepteur, par exemple à un nombre de bits proche de ceux des échantillons décomptés dans la plage de normalité Fn.The method, according to another characteristic of the invention, consists in clipping all of the digitized samples Nd counted in the ranges beyond the range of levels Fd, which we will call detection range, as defined above, at a number bits lower than those which can be supplied by the digital-analog converter of the receiver, for example at a number of bits close to those of the samples counted in the normality range Fn.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de description détaillé des procédés selon l'invention en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 déjà décrite montre un histogramme du principe de localisation selon l'invention des échantillons dans les plages de niveaux Fx.The invention will be better understood with the aid of a detailed description of the methods according to the invention with reference to the appended drawings, in which: - Figure 1 already described shows a histogram of the principle of localization according to the invention of the samples in the ranges of levels Fx.
- la figure 2 représente un paquet K de P échantillons quantifiés sur N bits du signal reçu ; - la figure 3 représente un histogramme de localisation des bits de plus fort poids selon l'invention du paquet K de la figure 2.FIG. 2 represents a packet K of P samples quantized over N bits of the received signal; FIG. 3 represents a histogram of location of the most significant bits according to the invention of the packet K of FIG. 2.
L'invention repose sur le fait que les signaux dans tout récepteur standard et notamment dans le cas du GPS mais plus généralement pour la plus part des domaines où les signaux radioélectriques sont utilisés, sont à un moment donné du traitement convertis de l'analogique vers le numérique et sont donc codés sur un certain nombre N de bits.The invention is based on the fact that the signals in any standard receiver and in particular in the case of GPS but more generally for most of the fields in which radioelectric signals are used, are at a given moment of the processing converted from analog to digital and are therefore coded on a certain number N of bits.
La figure 2 représente une suite d'échantillons Ech quantifiés sur N bits du signal radioélectrique reçu par le récepteur. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, la plus part du temps, le bit le plus haut occupé est le deuxième bit, sauf pendant 10% du temps ou cette fois ci, c'est le dernier bit de plus fort poids qui est occupé.FIG. 2 represents a series of Ech samples quantized on N bits of the radio signal received by the receiver. In the example of figure 2, most of the time, the highest bit occupied is the second bit, except for 10% of the time or this time, it is the last most significant bit which is occupied .
Le principe de l'invention réside sur le fait que dans une configuration sans interférence (c'est-à-dire sans signaux puisés), le signal est codé en bas de l'échelle de codage, disons sur les deux ou trois bits du bas de l'échelle (peu de puissance d'entrée).The principle of the invention lies in the fact that in an interference-free configuration (that is to say without pulsed signals), the signal is coded at the bottom of the coding scale, say on the two or three bits of the bottom of the scale (little input power).
Lorsqu'un signal puisé, la plus part fort, voire saturant pour le codeur du récepteur, est présent dans le signal reçu, la totalité du signal est alors codé sur l'ensemble des bits de codage et le bit de plus fort poids, correspondant à un échantillon contenant ce signal puisé, est généralement situé en haut de l'échelle de codage, soit le Nième ou le Nième-1 bit.When a pulsed signal, the strongest part, even saturated for the encoder of the receiver, is present in the received signal, the entire signal is then coded on all of the coding bits and the most significant bit, corresponding to a sample containing this pulsed signal, is usually located at the top of the coding scale, either the Nth or the Nth-1 bit.
La figure 3 représente un histogramme de localisation des bits de plus fort poids selon l'invention du paquet K de P échantillons de la figure 2FIG. 3 represents a histogram of location of the most significant bits according to the invention of the packet K of P samples of FIG. 2
Les P échantillons sont codés par un codeur 12 bits (N=12). Le signal échantillonné comporte un signal puisé de taux de cycle 10% et de période 10/Fe ou Fe est la fréquence d'échantillonnage du codeur du récepteur.The P samples are coded by a 12-bit coder (N = 12). The sampled signal comprises a pulsed signal with a cycle rate of 10% and a period of 10 / Fe or Fe is the sampling frequency of the encoder of the receiver.
Considérons par exemple un paquet K de 40 échantillons Ech successifs (P=40). Le principe de l'invention est de réaliser pour chaque paquet K considéré de P échantillons (zone entre pointillés sur la figure 2) un décompte ou un histogramme de la place occupée par les échantillons dans des fourchettes de niveaux prédéterminés. Pour simplifier l'explication nous considérons dans cet exemple que le classement d'un échantillon dans les plages de niveau s 'effectue en tenant compte seulement du plus fort poids de l'échantillon numérisé sans tenir compte des bits de plus faible poids.Consider for example a packet K of 40 successive Ech samples (P = 40). The principle of the invention is to carry out for each considered packet K of P samples (area between dotted lines in FIG. 2) a count or a histogram of the place occupied by the samples in ranges of predetermined levels. To simplify the explanation we consider in this example that the classification of a sample in the level ranges is carried out by taking into account only the highest weight of the digitized sample without taking into account the least significant bits.
Le résultat de ce premier décompte, correspondant au codage des échantillons de la figure 2, est donne par la figure 3 représentant un histogramme comportant 12 plages de niveaux (F1 à F12) en abscisses correspondant à la localisation du nombre d'échantillons ayant le même bit de plus fort poids. Dans cet exemple, le paquet K de P échantillons comporte 36 échantillons dont le bit de plus poids fort poids est égal à 2, soit occupant la plage de niveau F2, et 4 échantillons dont le bit de plus fort poids est égal à 12 (N=12), soit la plage de niveaux F12.The result of this first count, corresponding to the coding of the samples in FIG. 2, is given by FIG. 3 representing a histogram comprising 12 ranges of levels (F1 to F12) on the abscissa corresponding to the location of the number of samples having the same most significant bit. In this example, the packet K of P samples comprises 36 samples whose most significant bit is equal to 2, ie occupying the level range F2, and 4 samples whose most significant bit is equal to 12 (N = 12), i.e. the range of levels F12.
A partir de cet histogramme on détermine à partir de quelle plage de niveaux Fn que nous appellerons rang de normalité, on trouve plus d'un certain pourcentage Sn des P échantillons considérés. Sn, que nous appellerons seuil de normalité, étant un nombre prédéterminé en fonction de la sensibilité de la détection de signaux puisés que l'on souhaite réaliser. Dans cet exemple, on choisit Sn = à 80%, soit dans l'exemple de la figure 3, ce seuil de normalité correspond à 32 échantillons sur le total de 40, soit Fn=32. Partant du rang de normalité Fn (ou plage de niveau Fn), on s'éloigne de ΔF plages de niveaux (marge) et on observe la quantité d'échantillons classés au-delà d'un nombre de plages de niveaux d'échantillons Fd = Fn + ΔF. Nous appellerons la plage Fd, rang de détection. Si la totalité des échantillons Nd classés au-delà du rang de détection Fd est supérieure à un second seuil Sd, que nous appellerons seuil de détection, en pour cent des P échantillons (5% par exemple), alors on considère que le signal codé contient une composante intermittente qu'il faut traiter par un procédé spécifique que nous décrirons plus loin. En revanche si le second seuil Sd n'est pas dépassé, on considérera que le signal codé ne contient que des composantes « continues » qui seront traités par des procédés classiques.From this histogram, it is determined from which range of levels Fn that we will call normality rank, we find more than a certain percentage Sn of the P samples considered. Sn, which we will call the normality threshold, being a predetermined number according to the sensitivity of the detection of pulsed signals that one wishes to achieve. In this example, Sn = 80% is chosen, either in the example in FIG. 3, this normality threshold corresponds to 32 samples out of the total of 40, ie Fn = 32. Starting from the rank of normality Fn (or range of level Fn), we move away from ΔF ranges of levels (margin) and we observe the quantity of samples classified beyond a number of ranges of levels of samples Fd = Fn + ΔF. We will call the range Fd, detection range. If all of the samples Nd classified beyond the detection range Fd is greater than a second threshold Sd, which we will call detection threshold, in percent of the P samples (5% for example), then we consider that the coded signal contains an intermittent component which must be treated by a specific process which we will describe later. On the other hand, if the second threshold Sd is not exceeded, it will be considered that the coded signal contains only “continuous” components which will be processed by conventional methods.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, Sd ayant été choisi à 5% des échantillons soit 2 échantillons et que le nombre total Nd d'échantillons contenus dans les plages de niveaux au-delà de Fd est de quatre (soit 10% du total d'échantillons), on considère que le signal codé contient une composante intermittente.In the example of FIG. 3, Sd having been chosen at 5% of the samples, ie 2 samples and that the total number Nd of samples contained in the level ranges beyond Fd is four (ie 10% of the total samples), the coded signal is considered to contain an intermittent component.
Dans les cas où le second seuil Sd de détection est dépassé c'est-à-dire qu'on a détecté la présence d'échantillons d'un signal puisé, on ramène les échantillons Nd, en sortie du traitement, dans la partie basse de l'histogramme soit à des niveaux qui feront qu'il semblera que le signal codé ne contient plus que des composantes « continues ». A cet effet, il suffit d'écrêter la totalité des échantillons Nd à un nombre de bits plus faible, proche du nombre des bits des échantillons du rang de normalité Fn soit par exemple ceux de Fn ou Fn+1.In cases where the second detection threshold Sd is exceeded, that is to say that the presence of samples of a pulsed signal has been detected, the samples Nd are brought back, at the output of the processing, to the bottom part of the histogram is at levels which will make it appear that the coded signal contains only "continuous" components. To this end, it suffices to clip all of the samples Nd to a lower number of bits, close to the number of bits of the samples of the rank of normality Fn, for example those of Fn or Fn + 1.
De cette manière, imaginons que dans cet exemple de la figure 3, le signal reçu est constitué du signal GPS noyé dans le bruit thermique codé sur les deux premiers bits (bits du bas dans la figure 3) et du signal intermittent de taux de cycle 10% et de période 10/Fe. -Si l'on procède selon l'invention, les échantillons Nd des signaux puisés seront ramenés au niveau du bruit thermique par saturation programmable.In this way, imagine that in this example of Figure 3, the received signal consists of the GPS signal embedded in the thermal noise coded on the first two bits (bottom bits in Figure 3) and the intermittent cycle rate signal 10% and 10 / Fe period. -If we proceed according to the invention, the samples Nd of the pulsed signals will be brought back to the level of thermal noise by programmable saturation.
Le signal de sortie, après traitement selon l'invention, sera constitué de 90% d'échantillons codés proprement, c'est-à-dire avec un signal réellement reçu, (soit 36 échantillons sur 40 dans l'exemple de la figure 3), et des échantillons codés improprement, (soit 4 échantillons sur 40 dans l'exemple de la figure 3), c'est-à-dire ramenés au niveau du bruit mais en tout cas beaucoup moins puissants que les signaux puisés d'origine donc moins perturbateurs pour étages du récepteur GPS standard.The output signal, after processing according to the invention, will consist of 90% of properly coded samples, that is to say with a signal actually received (36 samples out of 40 in the example of FIG. 3). ), and improperly coded samples (4 samples out of 40 in the example in Figure 3), that is to say reduced to the noise level but in any case much less powerful than the original pulsed signals therefore less disruptive for standard GPS receiver stages.
Les traitements décrits d'après le procédé selon l'invention sont réalisés par exemple à l'aide de circuit de calcul de façon connue. Par exemple les paquets K de P échantillons numérisés à traiter peuvent être stockés dans une mémoire du calculateur qui effectuera les opérations de calcul nécessaires à la détermination de la présence ou de l'absence de signaux puisés en fonction des différents seuils Sn et Sd choisis tels que décrits précédemment. Le calculateur peut comporter un programme comportant une suite d'instructions effectuant les différentes opérations nécessaires au déroulement du procédé selon l'invention. Les calculateurs récents, permettent par leur grande vitesse de calcul, un traitement des signaux en temps réel. L'utilisation du procédé de détection et traitement des signaux puisés selon l'invention permet de réduire la perte du rapport signal à bruit dû à la présence de tels perturbateurs à l'entré d'un récepteur GPS à un niveau de l'ordre de 10% de la puissance initiale, soit de 1dB après traitement, alors que sans traitement la présence d'un brouilleur intermittent codé sur 10 bits au-dessus du bruit thermique, soit un IRN de 60 dB aurait entraîné une perte de rapport signal à bruit de l'ordre de cet INR, soit 60dB.The treatments described according to the method according to the invention are carried out for example using a calculation circuit in a known manner. For example, the packets K of P digitized samples to be processed can be stored in a memory of the computer which will carry out the calculation operations necessary for determining the presence or absence of signals drawn as a function of the different thresholds Sn and Sd chosen such as previously described. The computer may include a program comprising a series of instructions performing the various operations necessary for the process according to the invention. The recent computers, by their high speed of calculation, a processing of the signals in real time. The use of the method of detection and processing of the pulsed signals according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the loss of the signal to noise ratio due to the presence of such disturbers at the input of a GPS receiver to a level of the order of 10% of the initial power, ie 1dB after processing, while without processing the presence of an intermittent jammer coded on 10 bits above the thermal noise, i.e. an IRN of 60 dB would have resulted in a loss of signal to noise ratio of the order of this INR, ie 60dB.
Enfin, aujourd'hui, on trouve sur le marché des générateurs interferents puisés à des niveaux de prix relativement bas ce qui rend une menace intentionnelle de brouillage tout à fait réaliste. Finally, today, there are interfering generators on the market that are pulsed at relatively low price levels, which makes an intentional threat of interference quite realistic.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés présents dans des signaux radioélectriques appliqués à l'entrée d'un récepteur radiofrequences, le récepteur ayant un convertisseur analogique- numérique pour effectuer le codage en numérique sur N bits d'un paquet K de P échantillons successifs du signal analogique appliqué à l'entrée du récepteur et un calculateur pour le traitement desdits signaux numériques, caractérisé en ce qu'à partir d'un histogramme du taux d'occupation des échantillons numérisés, classés par plages Fx de niveaux d'échantillons croissants en amplitude, on détermine une plage Fn, parmi les plages Fx, à partir de laquelle, le nombre total d'échantillons numérisés Nnor contenus dans les plages Fn et celles inférieures à Fn est supérieur ou égal à un seuil Nn de normalité, Nn étant un nombre prédéterminé en fonction de la sensibilité de la détection de signaux puisés que l'on souhaite réaliser.1. A method for detecting and processing pulsed signals present in radio signals applied to the input of a radio frequency receiver, the receiver having an analog-digital converter to perform digital coding on N bits of a packet K of P successive samples of the analog signal applied to the input of the receiver and a computer for processing said digital signals, characterized in that, from a histogram of the occupancy rate of the digitized samples, classified by ranges Fx of levels d increasing samples in amplitude, a range Fn is determined, among the ranges Fx, from which the total number of digitized samples Nnor contained in the ranges Fn and those less than Fn is greater than or equal to a threshold Nn of normality , Nn being a predetermined number as a function of the sensitivity of the detection of pulsed signals which it is desired to produce.
2. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce le calculateur effectue au moins les opérations suivantes : - décompte du nombre d'échantillons Ny par plage Fx de niveaux d'échantillons croissant en d'amplitude, x étant un nombre entier compris entre 1 et m, la totalité des échantillons du paquet K de P d'échantillons étant rangés dans au moins une des plages Fx de niveaux des échantillons ;2. Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals according to claim 1, characterized in that the computer performs at least the following operations: - counting of the number of samples Ny per range Fx of sample levels increasing in amplitude, x being an integer between 1 and m, the totality of the samples of the packet K of P of samples being arranged in at least one of the ranges Fx of levels of the samples;
- détermination d'une plage Fn parmi les plages Fx de niveaux d'échantillons, n étant compris entre 1 et m, à partir de laquelle, le nombre total d'échantillons compris dans les plages F1 à Fn, dépasse une valeur prédéterminée Nn d'échantillons ;determination of a range Fn among the ranges Fx of sample levels, n being between 1 and m, from which the total number of samples included in the ranges F1 to Fn exceeds a predetermined value Nn d 'samples;
- décompte du nombre total d'échantillons Nd dans les plages de niveaux croissants au-delà d'une plage de niveaux Fd telle que : Fd = Fn + ΔF, ΔF étant une marge ou un écart positif d'un nombre de plages de niveaux d'échantillons par rapport à la plage Fn ;- counting of the total number of samples Nd in the ranges of increasing levels beyond a range of levels Fd such that: Fd = Fn + ΔF, ΔF being a positive margin or deviation of a number of ranges of levels samples from the Fn range;
- comparaison du nombre total d'échantillons Nd à un seuil Nmax d'échantillons à partir du quel on détermine la présence ou l'absence d'un signal puisé dans le signal reçu : si Nd > Nmax le signal reçu comporte un signal puisé, si Nd < Nmax le signal reçu ne contient pas de signal puisé.- comparison of the total number of samples Nd to a threshold Nmax of samples from which the presence or absence of a signal drawn from the received signal: if Nd> Nmax the received signal includes a pulsed signal, if Nd <Nmax the received signal does not contain a pulsed signal.
3. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la totalité des échantillons numérisés Nd décomptés dans les plages au-delà de la plage de niveaux Fd, sont écrêtés à un nombre de bits plus faible que ceux pouvant être fournis par le convertisseur numérique-analogique du récepteur.3. Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that all of the digitized samples Nd counted in the ranges beyond the range of levels Fd, are clipped to a number bit lower than that which can be supplied by the digital-analog converter of the receiver.
4. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la totalité des échantillons numérisés Nd décomptés dans les plages au-delà de la plage de niveaux Fd, sont écrêtés à un nombre de bits proche de ceux des échantillons décomptés dans la plage Fn de normalité.4. Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals according to claim 3, characterized in that all of the digitized samples Nd counted in the ranges beyond the range of levels Fd, are clipped to a number of bits close to those samples counted in the normality Fn range.
5. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le classement d'un échantillon dans les plages Fx de niveaux s "effectue en tenant compte seulement du plus fort poids de l'échantillon numérisé sans tenir compte des bits de plus faible poids.5. Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the classification of a sample in the ranges Fx of levels is carried out taking into account only the highest weight of l digitized sample without taking into account the least significant bits.
6. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le seuil de normalité6. Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals according to claim 5, characterized in that the normality threshold
Sn = (Nn/P).100 exprimé en pourcentage du nombre P d'échantillons du paquet K est choisi égal à 80%.Sn = (Nn / P). 100 expressed as a percentage of the number P of samples of the packet K is chosen equal to 80%.
7. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon l'une des revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que partant de la plage Fn de normalité (ou rang de normalité), on s'éloigne de ΔF plages de niveaux (marge) et on observe la quantité d'échantillons classés au-delà d'un nombre de plages de niveaux d'échantillons Fd = Fn + ΔF, la plage Fd étant un rang de détection et en ce que si la totalité des échantillons Nd classés au-delà du rang de détection Fd est supérieure à un second seuil Sd, Sd étant un seuil de détection, en pour cent des P échantillons du paquet K d'échantillons alors on considère que le signal codé contient une composante intermittente et en ce que si le second seuil Sd n'est pas dépassé, on considérera que le signal codé ne contient que des composantes « continues ».7. Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that starting from the range Fn of normality (or rank of normality), one moves away from ΔF ranges of levels (margin ) and the quantity of samples classified beyond a number of ranges of sample levels Fd = Fn + ΔF is observed, the range Fd being a detection range and in that if all of the samples Nd classified at beyond the detection rank Fd is greater than a second threshold Sd, Sd being a detection threshold, in percent of the P samples of the packet of samples then it is considered that the coded signal contains an intermittent component and in that if the second threshold Sd is not exceeded, it will be considered that the coded signal contains only "continuous" components.
8. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que dans les cas où le second seuil Sd de détection est dépassé c'est-à-dire qu'on a détecté la présence d'échantillons d'un signal puisé, on ramène les échantillons Nd, en sortie du traitement, dans la partie basse de l'histogramme soit à des niveaux qui feront qu'il semblera que le signal codé ne contient plus que des composantes « continues » .8. A method of detecting and processing pulsed signals according to claim 7, characterized in that in cases where the second detection threshold Sd is exceeded, that is to say that the presence of samples d has been detected. 'a pulsed signal, the samples Nd are brought back, at the output of the processing, in the lower part of the histogram either at levels which will make it appear that the coded signal contains no more than "continuous" components.
9. Procédé de détection et de traitement de signaux puisés selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on ramène les échantillons Nd, en sortie du traitement, dans la partie basse de l'histogramme en écrêtant la totalité des échantillons Nd à un nombre de bits plus faible, proche du nombre des bits des échantillons du rang de normalité Fn, soit par exemple ceux de Fn ou Fn+1. 9. A method of detecting and processing pulsed signals according to claim 8, characterized in that the samples Nd are brought back, at the output of the processing, in the lower part of the histogram by clipping all the samples Nd to a number of lower bits, close to the number of bits of the samples of the normality rank Fn, ie for example those of Fn or Fn + 1.
EP02795399A 2001-11-27 2002-11-26 Method for detecting and processing pulsed signals in a radio signal Withdrawn EP1461634A1 (en)

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FR2832878B1 (en) 2004-02-13
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US7336736B2 (en) 2008-02-26
US20040258178A1 (en) 2004-12-23
WO2003046602A1 (en) 2003-06-05

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