EP1457620A1 - Stairway with interchangeable risers and string for stairs used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The wooden stairway has at least two supports with treads positioned between them. The edge boards each include a support bowl (13) and an outer cover board (14). The edges of the steps (16) are supported on the supporting edge boards. The cover boards are mounted on the support boards and the edges of the steps. Both sections (13,14) of the edge boards are mounted to a shadow board.

Description

The present invention relates to an assembled wooden staircase at least two support elements, embedded in the steps arranged between them and at least one element is a staircase wave following the running line. This type of staircase is well known and is usually made of wood, sometimes made of metal.

Common types of stairs are, on the one hand, straight stairs, the for example (but not exclusively) are arranged between two walls and whose support elements consist of two straight, obliquely upward-facing stair strings exist in which the steps are embedded; on the other hand spiral stairs that are often arranged between three walls on which the fixed stair string (also Wall cheek) is attached and in the center between the three walls or several support posts are set to which the steps are attached. The Stair strings on both sides of the steps can thus run out along the running line consist of one or more continuous parts. Spiral stairs are in usually (on one side of the steps), in any case on the wall side, several continuous Have cheeks.

Spiral stairs can essentially be divided into stairs with a support post and stairs with two, usually through a cheek together connected posts. Sometimes there are stairs with more than two posts. Spiral stairs can also be divided into so-called quarter-turn, twice quarter - turn and possibly three times quarter - turn stairs, the Angle between the individual flights of stairs mostly, but not necessarily 90 ° is. Another breakdown is the quarter-turn in the start and / or the exit Stairs. The wall cheeks are always direct, i.e. without intermediate layer (s), attached to the wall.

The stairs can also be fitted with lining boards, usually as risers in contrast, be equipped, which creates a "closed staircase" to stairs without such lining boards or risers, which are called "open stairs" be designated. The risers, if present, are usually vertical and thus vertically grooved in the steps, but can also be in one if necessary other angles to the steps.

Recesses are usually milled into the cheeks of the stairs "Grooves" into which the steps are inserted. The depth of the grooves can vary, but has usually a thickness of 10-15 mm, while the thickness of the stair string is usually 30-40 mm. As a rule, in any case with spiral stairs, they sit down Stair strings longitudinally composed of several parts, while the stair stringer the width consists essentially of a whole, the width usually varies between about 25 cm and about 40 cm. The stair string acts predominantly as a support for the stairs and - if available - the risers.

The post (s) can be round in cross section, be square or multi-sided. The post can also be made from standing parts with a thickness of approximately 38 mm, for example. In a very common one Design, the support post has a rectangular cross section of 50 to 140 mm, preferably from 67 to 114 mm (3'x 5 '). Also in the support posts are common Milled grooves in which the steps of the stairs are embedded. They usually have a depth of 10 to 15 mm.

The stairs described above according to the prior art are quite large and difficult. During assembly, the stairs are nailed together on the floor and then set up. This happens today before pulling up the adjacent ones Partitions and thus in the shell construction phase. Once the stairs have been set up, no longer take the steps out. A big disadvantage is that the levels, especially the so-called natural stairs (i.e. stairs that will not later more with a top coat), get slightly dirty during the construction phase and / or be damaged.

Another problem is that with the entry into force of the new building regulations since January 1, 2003, the size of the stair slope has been reduced from 210 mm to 185 mm, while the appearance has increased from 190 mm to 220. This means that the distance between the steps has become smaller, while the step surface itself has become larger. The distance between storeys in apartments has also been increased from around 270 cm to around 300 cm. As a result, the total weight of a staircase has increased by approximately 30 to 50%, which is a major problem in particular for staircases made of hardwood. In addition, according to the provisions of the Arbowet (Dutch Occupational Health and Safety Act), a craftsman may not lift more than 25 kg in a short time, so that it will certainly no longer be possible until then to set up a staircase in a later construction phase by two craftsmen using the method previously used allow.

The invention has set itself the task of solving the aforementioned problems solve by making a wooden staircase of the type described above, which during the construction phase in a simple way, without excessive physical strain the craftsman, has it set up and without hesitation at the start of the shell construction phase can be used.

It has been found that this objective can be achieved by the stair stringer (s) are constructed in such a way that the staircase is assembled in the The building shell is initially equipped with preliminary stages that are in the phase of Completion of the structure can be replaced by definitive stages, and by using the sufficient protection of other components of the stairs during the construction phase on request. The Invention is therefore characterized in that the stair stringer consists of a load-bearing and a covering cheek, the adjacent edges of the steps on the support cheek, and the covering cheek on the support cheek and the edges of the steps.

At this point it should be noted that you have been in the past Steel stairs with interchangeable steps, where the final steps are presented can be assembled in a later phase. Such a construction made of wood proved to be not feasible. Steel also proves itself in terms of its Connection options as far more difficult, so that a steel staircase is difficult in can create closed execution. Furthermore, especially in house building usually preferred wooden stairs.

Preferably, the two parts of the wall cheek are not directly on the Wall attached, but to a shadow cheek, increasing the strength of the stair string is increased. The shadow cheek is preferably predominantly made of one piece made, for example, of multiplex (with a thickness that is usually 15 to 30 mm ) and is attached as such to the wall and / or embedded in it. It has proved to be expedient, the supporting cheek and the shadow cheek as a whole to attach to the wall. This can be done, for example, by looking at the two mentioned parts together in advance, for example by gluing and / or Screw or connect in another way known to those skilled in the art. Then the assembled unit can be attached to the wall to Example with bolts that with or without sound absorbing material, such as Rubber grommets are provided. Preferably, the shadow cheek basically has the same Width as the combination of the two joined parts of the cheek. With The shadow cheek is more important than, primarily for aesthetic reasons the combination of the two parts of the stair string. This applies in particular to the parts the shadow cheek that would otherwise be directly visible to the eye. On request, the The shadow cheek can also be slightly larger than the stair stringer according to the invention or have a different dimension. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the inventive Stair stringer can in principle also be used without a shadow stringer by for example, the supporting cheek attached directly to the wall. Even the covering one If desired, the wall can be attached to the wall. This embodiment has but not the preference.

The manufacture of the stair stringer according to the invention can be expedient done by starting from a conventional stair string into which Recesses for the steps as well as for the risers have been milled or sawn, and this step cheek notches (i.e. in the continuous grooves, each are formed by a step and riser) so that the two Items according to the invention arise. This way of working deserves equally from the aesthetic as well as the economic point of view, because on the one hand the stair stringer is made of the same material and the fiber continues, on the other hand, as little material as possible is lost due to sawing. Is possible but also, the two parts of the stair string according to the invention from different To manufacture materials.

A staircase assembled according to the invention with one or more - Cheeks defined above is characterized by the fact that it is in the construction phase in the preferred embodiment is set up by first a Shadow cheek and a load-bearing cheek, which was previously glued (preferred) and / or screwing or put together in another known manner are attached to the wall, with the supporting cheek in most cases using a slide u. Ä. is effectively protected. On request, this protection may be omitted, for example if the stairs are at a later date still to be painted. Then one (or the) post is set up. In the In practice, this is done by placing some steps (preferably the corner steps) between Posts and wall cheek are arranged, after which the alignment of the post he follows. If the stairs have at least two posts, these can be done in a corresponding manner be set up and aligned, usually between the posts one (conventional) stair string is attached. The post (s) and all others Parts of the stairs that are part of the final staircase will be in the construction phase basically through a film u. Ä. protected. After alignment of the second Posts and, if applicable, the other posts become the remaining preliminary stages assembled and the staircase is ready for use during the construction phase. In general no risers are grooved during this phase and neither will the covering cheek attached.

The assembly of a staircase according to the invention does not become a person skilled in the art Cause problems. Assembly is generally the same or similar like the assembly of a conventional staircase, unless stated otherwise. Otherwise, it is clear that the working method described here is expanding or can be modified without departing from the creative concept of the invention, which is characterized by the stair stringer consisting of two individual parts.

The interchangeable steps of the preliminary staircase are preferably made of a cheaper type of wood such as spruce or pine. For those too Stairs according to the invention correspond to materials used - insofar as they are not here have been discussed separately - essentially the materials used in a conventional stairs are used and are known to the expert.

In the phase of completion of the structure, the preliminary stages exchanged for the final stages; the latter are usually like the rest the stairs are made of more expensive wood such as domestic Hardwood like oak or ash or from a tropical hardwood like Iroko, Meranti or Merbau. Having in this phase also with a closed staircase the risers are grooved, the covering cheek is finally attached. at an open staircase between the covering and the carrying cheek created openings instead of risers, preferably with wooden strips, for example, Brass rails u. Ä. lined.

At this point it is noted that the replacement of the stairs is too at any time - as stated above - is not in and of itself necessary. Across from a conventional staircase, the staircase according to the invention also has the advantage that they can be created on site in small rooms with the final stages if desired leaves.

In a special embodiment, the steps of an inventive Stairs are preferred in contrast to the steps of a conventional staircase with a recess or notch in the butt surface of the step on the side of the Wall cheek executed. Such a notch has the advantage that the covering Saw in the cheek less deeply, making it less prone to damage. Furthermore becomes the covering cheek between the shadow cheek and the steps "be pinched", creating a good connection between the two parts of the stair string according to the invention and the other parts of the staircase are formed. Finally, the notch makes it possible for the covering cheek to be slightly off above, that is basically perpendicular, can be placed on the supporting cheek. This is particularly advantageous when there is little or no space around the Place the covering cheek diagonally or horizontally on the supporting cheek.

According to another special embodiment, the levels become one open staircase according to the invention designed a little wider on the rear side, in such a way that the groove of the step continues in the stair string according to the invention runs as the (fictitious) groove of the riser, which ultimately mostly with a cover element is disguised. From an aesthetic point of view, it is achieved that the stairs with the groin looks better.

According to another special embodiment, the back of the steps provide a recess in a closed staircase according to the invention, whereby the risers are not against or possibly on the back of the steps assembled, but are embedded in the steps, which is a better construction Gives sight.

The stair string according to the invention is preferred, but not exclusively used as a wall cheek. It has proven to be useful freestanding stair string, for example on the lower side of the stairs conventional way (i.e. as a freestanding first cheek made of cheaper wood) and this at the same time as replacing the preliminary first stages as a whole to replace a definitive free-standing (conventional) stair string. This execution The freestanding stair stringer not only enjoys from a technical point of view (easy Exchange because you can "get" them, but also from an economic point of view (A two-part stair string with a possible shadow string is not required) and from an aesthetic point of view (one-piece stair stringer without possible shadow cheek in a visible place "looks more beautiful") the preference. Of course, it is also possible to use the free-standing stair string according to the Manufacture invention.

The invention also relates to a stair string as such, primarily consists of a supporting and a covering cheek, as described above. Out For the reasons given above, this stair string is preferably derived from a conventional stair stringer with continuous grooves for one step and Riser, whereby the conventional stair stringer is sawn through the grooves into the two - previously mentioned - parts. The location of the saw cut is not special critical, but it has proven useful to cut the cut approximately in the middle Groove through or put a little more on the side of the covering cheek, which increases the function of the supporting cheek that supports the steps.

De uitvinding voorziet ook in a werkwijze voor het plaatsen van een trap met Customizable words, zoals hierboven Gedefinieerd, in a house of Gebouw, with this note, dat men de trap tijdens de ruwbouwfase volgens op zichzelf Bekende wijze en with voorlopige treden plaatst, en deze voorlopige treden tijdens de afbouwfase door de Definitely ved, waarbij de dekkende trapboom en de eventueel aanwezige stootborden desgewenst in de afbouwfase tegelijk met de definieve treden aangebracht. With ruwbouwfase wordt in the association gelijkgesteld het renoveren of opknappen from a house of buildings.

Figur 1 ist eine perspektivische Zeichnung einer teilweise offenen und teilweise geschlossenen Treppe gemäß der Erfindung, von der Pfostenseite her gezeigt;

Figur 2 ist ebenfalls eine perspektivische Zeichnung einer teilweise offenen und teilweise geschlossenen Treppe gemäß der Erfindung, jedoch von der Wandseite her gezeigt;

Die Figuren 3 bis 6 sind Detailzeichnungen der einzelnen Phasen einer geschlossenen Treppe, dargestellt in den einzelnen Ausführungsschritten;

Figur 3 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße tragende Treppenwange, montiert auf einer Schattenwange;

Figur 4 zeigt die mit einer Schattenwange kombinierte tragende Treppenwange, nunmehr aber mit den ersten, vorläufigen Trittstufen ausgestattet;

Figur 5 zeigt wie Figur 3 die mit einer Schattenwange kombinierte tragende Treppenwange, nunmehr aber ausgestattet mit den definitiven Trittstufen, mit Einkerbung, den Setzstufen und der abdeckenden Wange;

Figur 6 zeigt eine fertig montierte geschlossene Treppe;

Die Figuren 7 bis 10 sind Detailzeichnungen der einzelnen Phasen einer offenen Treppe, dargestellt in den einzelnen Ausführungsschritten;

Figur 7 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße, auf einer Schattenwange montierte tragende Treppenwange;

Figur 8 zeigt wie Figur 3 die mit einer Schattenwange kombinierte tragende Treppenwange, nunmehr aber mit den ersten, vorläufigen Trittstufen ausgestattet;

Figur 9 zeigt wie Figur 3 die mit einer Schattenwange kombinierte tragende Treppenwange, nunmehr aber ausgestattet mit den definitiven Trittstufen, mit Einkerbung, den Setzstufen und der abdeckenden Wange;

Figur 10 zeigt eine fertig montierte offene Treppe, nunmehr auch mit befestigten Leisten.

The invention is illustrated below with the aid of the following drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective drawing of a partially open and partially closed staircase according to the invention, shown from the post side;

Figure 2 is also a perspective drawing of a partially open and partially closed staircase according to the invention, but shown from the wall side;

Figures 3 to 6 are detailed drawings of the individual phases of a closed staircase, shown in the individual execution steps;

FIG. 3 shows a supporting stair stringer according to the invention, mounted on a shadow stringer;

FIG. 4 shows the carrying stair stringer combined with a shadow stringer, but now equipped with the first, preliminary steps;

FIG. 5 shows, like FIG. 3, the carrying stair cheek combined with a shadow cheek, but now equipped with the definite treads, with a notch, the risers and the covering cheek;

Figure 6 shows a fully assembled closed staircase;

FIGS. 7 to 10 are detailed drawings of the individual phases of an open staircase, shown in the individual execution steps;

FIG. 7 shows a supporting stair stringer according to the invention, mounted on a shadow stringer;

FIG. 8 shows, like FIG. 3, the carrying stair stringer combined with a shadow stringer, but now equipped with the first, preliminary steps;

FIG. 9 shows, like FIG. 3, the carrying stair stringer combined with a shadow stringer, but now equipped with the definite treads, with a notch, the risers and the covering stringer;

Figure 10 shows a fully assembled open staircase, now also with attached strips.

It is noted that in the individual figures for the same or Similar accessories always use the same reference numbers.

Figures 1 and 2 show the embodiment of an inventive Stairs with two connected by a conventional stair stringer (12) Stair post (11) to the left of the steps (16) and one to the right of the Treads attached stair stringer according to the invention, which essentially consist of a carrying cheek (13) and a covering cheek (14) is assembled. Preferably, the two parts (13) and (14) of the stair string are on one Shadow cheek (15) mounted, which in turn is attached to a wall in many cases. In closed form, the stairs are also equipped with risers (17). at A staircase in open form, on the other hand, opens the vertical opening in the applied preferred construction between the supporting cheek (13) and the covering cheek (14) remains, preferably lined with a strip (18).

As already mentioned, Figures 3 to 6 show detailed drawings of the Construction of a closed staircase according to the invention, while Figures 7 to 10 show details of the construction of an open staircase according to the invention. The Figures 3 and 7 show a preferred construction of the load-bearing according to the invention Cheek (13), mounted on a shadow cheek (15). The upper profile of the load-bearing Cheek is clearly recognizable; The construction of the supporting cheek is also made of it can be seen that a conventional stair stringer for a closed staircase (i.e. with continuous grooves) is based, the latter cheek through the grooves sawn through. From Figures 3 and 7 it can also be seen that it may be appropriate can - and is also practical in practice -, the carrying cheek (13) and To connect the shadow cheek in advance and assemble it as a whole. To this A great strength of the construction is achieved and is also the oversize of the entire staircase better guaranteed during assembly.

Reference is also made to the preferred embodiment of the open staircase, where the (horizontal) grooves on the vertical, for the (fictitious) risers provided grooves continue past, as best seen in Figure 7. In this way it is achieved that the paved steps past the vertical, when finishing the stairs preferably to be lined with strips (18) Go through recesses (see Figure 8 to 10). In this way there is a sight which is better than if the vertical recess or the bar directly at the end of one Level would run (although of course such an execution is not excluded is).

In addition, reference is made to the design difference between the first, preliminary - generally much cheaper - steps, which are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 8 are shown, and the definitive, more expensive stages shown in Figures 5 and 6 or 9 and 10 are shown. The first-mentioned stages have the on the Cheek adjacent front of the step no notch, while the latter Have levels one. In the first case there is no need for this because in the first phase - After the construction of the stairs with the preliminary steps - the covering cheek (14) is not yet installed. As already explained above, when installing the covering cheek the construction of the final steps with the notch particularly advantageous.

It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the in this patent application described staircase can be modified and adapted without the Therefore, such modifications and modifications are essential to the invention Adjustments included in the present invention.

Claims (12)

Assembled wooden staircase with at least two supporting elements, in which steps are arranged between them and of which at least one element is a stair wave following the running line, characterized in that the stair stringer consists of a separate supporting stringer (13) and a separate covering stringer (14) , wherein the adjacent edges of the steps (16) lie on the supporting cheek, and the covering cheek (14) is fastened on the supporting cheek (13) and the edges of the steps (16). Staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the two parts (13, 14) of the stair string are attached to a shadow string. Staircase according to claim 2, characterized in that the load-bearing cheek (13) and the shadow cheek (15) have been previously assembled and are assembled as a whole in the structure of the staircase. Staircase according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the shadow cheek (15) basically has the same dimension as the assembled parts (13, 14) of the assembled stair stringer or is somewhat smaller. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims for protection, characterized in that the stair stringer (13, 14) is based on a conventional stair stringer for a closed staircase, which is provided with continuous grooves for the steps (16) and the risers (17), the conventional one Stair stringer is sawn through the continuous grooves. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims for protection, characterized in that the steps, which are part of the overall structure of the staircase, have a notch on their front side, which lies against the stair stringer, in such a way that the covering cheek (14) extends perpendicularly to the strut has the attached cheek (13) placed on the adjacent edge of the step (16). Staircase according to one of the preceding claims for protection, characterized in that it is also provided with risers (17). Staircase according to one of the protection claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a cover element (19) is fitted instead of the risers (17). Staircase according to one of the protection claims, characterized in that in the supporting cheek (13) the groove provided for the step (16) passes through to the groove provided for the riser (17). Stair stringer, characterized in that it essentially consists of two individual parts, a load-bearing stringer (13) and a covering stringer (14). Stair stringer according to claim 10, characterized in that the stair stringer is based on a conventional stringer provided for a closed staircase, which is provided with continuous grooves provided for the steps (16) and risers (17), the conventional stair stringer through the continuous grooves sawn through. Procedure for the plaatsen van een trap with uitwisselbare treden, zoals Gedefinieerd in één van de conclusies 1 tot 9, in a house of Gebouw, with the note, dat men de trap tijdens de ruwbouwfase volgens op zichzelf give wijze en met voorlopige the plaatst, en deze voorlopige treden tijdens de afbouwfase door de definitieve It is necessary to wait for the trapboom and the eventueel for other stoneboards at least in the afbouwfase tegelijk met de definieve treden.

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