EP1456507A1 - Dichtungsbaugruppe für komponenten einer strömungsmaschine - Google Patents
Dichtungsbaugruppe für komponenten einer strömungsmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP1456507A1 EP1456507A1 EP02805241A EP02805241A EP1456507A1 EP 1456507 A1 EP1456507 A1 EP 1456507A1 EP 02805241 A EP02805241 A EP 02805241A EP 02805241 A EP02805241 A EP 02805241A EP 1456507 A1 EP1456507 A1 EP 1456507A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sealing
- coolant
- sealing element
- gas
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/10—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/127—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with a deformable or crushable structure, e.g. honeycomb
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after cooling one or more components is the cooling fluid recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/612—Foam
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seal assembly, in particular for a turbomachine, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the present seal assembly can be used in particular for contactless sealing between components that move against one another in areas in which the seal is exposed to high temperature loads.
- a particular area of application here is the use in turbomachines, in particular in gas turbines, for reducing leakage currents which occur inevitably, for example, between the rotor blades and the housing or between rotor blades and the rotor.
- turbomachines in particular in gas turbines
- leakage currents which occur inevitably, for example, between the rotor blades and the housing or between rotor blades and the rotor.
- JP 61149506 shows a similar embodiment, in which the honeycomb seals are carried by a layer of porous metal, which adjoins a supply chamber for cooling air. In this embodiment, too, the cooling air is brought up to the blade tips through the honeycomb seals.
- the cooling of a honeycomb seal "honeycomb sealing" for sealing between the blade tips and the housing of a gas turbine has become known.
- the sealing assembly has two honeycomb-shaped sealing elements which serve simultaneously as rubbing-on coverings, one of which is arranged to seal an axial leakage gap and one to seal a radial leakage gap.
- the honeycomb-shaped sealing elements are arranged on a carrier ring, in which an annular space is formed which has a fluid connection with sealing elements.
- the annular space is supplied with cooling medium via supply channels, which flows out through the cavities of the honeycomb seals.
- the honeycomb seals can be lubricated over large parts of the circumference, for example due to contamination, foreign bodies or even a rubbing event, so that the emerging cooling air mass flow is thereby considerably reduced. This leads to failure
- honeycomb seals also serve as an outlet for an upstream one Cooling system, the clogging of these outlet areas can lead to a breakdown of the upstream component cooling with the corresponding negative consequences.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a sealing assembly of the type mentioned at the outset, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the object of the present invention is, in particular, that in the event of blockage of the structures which are permeable to the cooling medium and are comparatively soft, since they are streakily olerant,
- Sealing assembly is still guaranteed sufficient cooling.
- the sealing assembly according to the invention proves to be particularly suitable for use in turbomachines, such as gas turbines, for the contactless sealing between rotating and stationary components in the hot gas area.
- the essence of the invention is to design the seal assembly so that a redundant coolant path is created.
- at least one redundant coolant channel branches off from the coolant supply to the gas-permeable seal assembly, such that a first one Coolant flow path, which leads to the sealing elements and through the sealing elements, as a result of which transpiration cooling of the gas-permeable sealing elements is realized, and a redundant coolant flow path is formed, the redundant coolant channel preferably viewed upstream of the gas-permeable element in the direction of the hot gas flow to be sealed on the hot gas side of the seal assembly in the
- Hot gas flow opens.
- the first coolant path or perspiration cooling path thus leads through gas-permeable soft sealing element, while the redundant coolant channel is guided in a non-gas-permeable and generally mechanically rigid support structure.
- the redundant coolant channel is designed such that the coolant escaping through redundant coolant openings, in particular cooling air, opens at least approximately parallel to the wall of the hot gas side, in such a way that the coolant emerging there as a cooling film over the gas-permeable sealing element, in particular a honeycomb seal , "Honeycomb", or a porous metal or ceramic element.
- a transpiration cooling according to the design of the gas-permeable sealing elements is thus combined with a redundant film cooling of the gas-permeable sealing elements. This is also achieved particularly well when the redundant
- Coolant channel is inclined in the direction of the hot gas flow, in particular in such a way that the coolant partial flow passing through at an angle emerges from the redundant coolant openings of preferably less than 30 ° with respect to the overflowing leakage flow.
- part of the coolant is used in a highly efficient manner
- Perspiration cooling is passed directly through the gas-permeable sealing element, while a second coolant flow emerges through the redundant coolant openings.
- the passage cross-sections of the sealing elements and the redundant coolant openings and / or channels can be dimensioned such that in normal operation only a relatively small part of the total mass flow of the coolant passing through the seal assembly of less than 50%, in particular less than 30%, through the redundant coolant openings. If there is now a blockage of through openings in the gas-permeable sealing element, the pressure loss increases via the first coolant path and the efficiency of the perspiration cooling is reduced.
- the coolant flow then shifts from the gas-permeable element into the redundant coolant channel, and the part of the coolant that can no longer pass through the gas-permeable sealing element due to the increased flow resistance flows through the redundant coolant outlet opening onto the hot gas side and forms preferred orientation of the redundant coolant channel such that coolant emerging through the redundant coolant opening at least partially flows over the sealing element, a cooling film over the Sealing element. It is advantageous if the coolant emerging through the redundant coolant openings emerges essentially parallel to the front side of the gas-permeable sealing element. In this way, an at least sufficient cooling of the sealing elements is ensured even if the coolant through-flow is prevented by redundant coolant overflow.
- Coolant outflow into the sealing gap that is, into the leakage flow, in any case also improves the sealing effect, since at least part of the sealing gap cross-section is acted upon by the coolant, and thus the hot gas flow is displaced from the sealing gap.
- the gas-permeable element is therefore preferably designed and arranged in such a way that the coolant flow passing through opens into the leakage flow and encloses an angle of more than 45 ° with it, and is preferably oriented normally to the leakage flow.
- the sealing element is designed as a honeycomb honeycomb seal.
- the sealing element consists of a porous material.
- the seal assembly according to the invention is such executed that the outlet opening of the redundant coolant channel is upstream of the sealing element with respect to the flowing hot gas or the leakage flow, so that the coolant is guided over the sealing element.
- the assembly has at least one chamber which is in fluid communication both with the coolant supply and with a gas-permeable sealing element.
- the task of the chamber is in particular to distribute the coolant over the entire sealing element.
- the carrier has a plurality of chambers and a plurality of feeds, at least one feed opening into each chamber, and each chamber being connected to at least one sealing element.
- Each chamber is assigned to a segment, with each segment being completely separated from the other segments with regard to the coolant flow. The segmentation additionally ensures that if one segment fails due to blockage or mechanical damage, the further sealing element segments of the sealing assembly are not impaired in the cooling effect.
- seal assembly according to the invention is also used in other areas can be in which the appropriate conditions for a flow or flow to the seal assembly are given a suitable coolant.
- Figure 1 shows an example of the use of an embodiment of a sealing assembly according to the invention in a sealing device for sealing leakage currents between the rotor blade and the housing of a turbomachine.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the arrangement shown in FIG. 1;
- Fig. 3 shows a further preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example for the use of an embodiment of a sealing assembly according to the invention for sealing leakage flows between the tip of a rotor blade 7, or a blade shroud, and the housing of a turbomachine, which is not shown in detail.
- a hot gas flow 9 flows against the rotor blade. The direction of flow of the hot gas runs from left to right in this example.
- a sealing gap is formed between the blade tips and the housing of the gas turbine or the sealing assembly, through which a leakage flow 10 to be sealed flows.
- the sealing assembly according to the invention together with a relatively moving component opposite a sealing surface, in the present case the sealing tips 8a of the blade cover band 8, forms a contactless sealing device which reduces the leakage mass flow.
- a carrier 1 carries sealing elements 2 directly opposite the sealing tips 8a on the hot gas-flowing side.
- the sealing elements form narrowest cross sections of the leakage gap with the sealing tips 8a. The narrower these are, the lower the leakage flow. Due to the narrow gap, there is a risk of the rotating sealing tips rubbing against the stationary sealing elements if there are deviations from the design point.
- the sealing elements are therefore designed so that they can be touched by deformation without causing severe machine damage. These sealing elements are preferably honeycombs, so-called “honeycombs", or porous metal or
- Coolant for example cooling air
- the cooling air 11 flows in via a feed 3, and in the exemplary embodiment a partial flow 11a of the cooling air is guided into a chamber 5, and flows out from there through cavities in the sealing element 2, the sealing element being cooled.
- the chamber distributes the coolant as evenly as possible over the sealing element.
- a redundant branch therefore branches off from the coolant flow path 3a and 5, which leads to the rear of the sealing element
- Coolant channel which opens into a redundant coolant opening 4 on the hot gas side of the massive, gas-impermeable carrier.
- This mouth is arranged upstream of the sealing element 2, as seen in the direction of the flow to be sealed, and the mouth is such that the redundant coolant partial flow 11b emerges from the second subchannel substantially parallel to the sealing element and to the leakage flow.
- the redundant cooling air flow thus forms a cooling film that lies over the sealing element.
- the distribution of the design coolant mass flows can be set in a targeted manner by a suitable configuration of the flow cross sections of the different coolant paths, so that, for example, in the undisturbed
- Normal operation is a comparatively low partial flow, for example less than half of the total cooling mass flow of the seal assembly, over the redundant channel and flows through the redundant coolant openings 4. If the flow of coolant through the sealing element 2 is now impeded, the flow of coolant through the redundant flow path 3b increases, in particular provided that the cooling system is designed in such a way that there is a significant pressure drop upstream of the branching of the flow path, in particular in the area of the feed 3 and the increasing film cooling of the sealing element 2 compensates for the decrease in cooling due to the throughflow at least to such an extent that sufficient cooling of the sealing element and its functionality are ensured in the long term.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the exemplified device.
- the arrangement of the sealing elements is divided into segments 6 in the circumferential direction.
- Each of the sealing elements 2 in a segment is impinged with cooling air by a single chamber 5, each with a separate feed 3, 3a.
- the chambers 5 are separated from one another in the circumferential direction by webs of the carrier 1.
- the redundant coolant openings 4 are designed in the manner of elongated holes, so that a circumferential segment of the sealing elements 2 is covered as completely as possible by the film cooling air flow.
- the cooling air supply of the sealing elements 2 is thus divided into a number of completely independent subsystems in the circumferential direction.
- damage to the seal for example by tearing out individual segments, is limited to the areas actually affected and further temperature-related damage to the remaining sealing sections is caused by Collapse of the cooling air pressure prevented.
- only the pressure of the cooling medium in the correspondingly affected chamber collapses. This does not affect neighboring chambers.
- the feeds 3, 3a have a significantly smaller cross-section than the chambers themselves, so that the feeds act as throttling points for metering the cooling air mass flow. Due to this configuration, the cooling effect in the remaining segments is not significantly influenced if one segment is damaged, so that the remaining segments of the sealing element 2 continue to be cooled according to the design.
- FIG. 1 Another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
- the assembly according to the invention is shown for sealing the hot gas flow between moving parts of a gas turbine.
- the guide blade 12 preceding this in the flow direction is shown.
- the hot gas flow 9 is oriented from right to left.
- a gas-permeable sealing element 2 is arranged on a carrier 1 in the stator, the sealing tip 8a and the sealing element together should minimize the leakage flow 10.
- the foot 13 of the guide vane is impingement-cooled.
- an impact cooling insert 14 is arranged, which is perforated and conducts coolant with a high impulse to the cooling side of the blade root, where the coolant absorbs heat from the material of the guide blade root 13.
- the perforation of the impingement cooling insert or impingement cooling plate 14 also serves here as feed 3 for metering in the coolant 11.
- Impingement cooling insert and cooling of the guide vane root the coolant is located in a chamber 5 essentially surrounded by the blade root 13, the impingement cooling insert 14, the carrier 1, and the sealing element 2.
- the arrangement of the assembly is again circumferentially symmetrical.
- the chamber, together with the impingement cooling insert, can advantageously also be segmented analogously to the example shown in FIG. 2, particularly in the circumferential direction.
- the coolant flows from the chamber to the sealing element 2.
- a part 11a of the coolant flows through the sealing element to the hot gas side, and a second part 11b flows through the redundant coolant channel 3b as film cooling air over the side of the sealing element facing the hot gas.
- the cross section of the redundant coolant channel is advantageously dimensioned, for example by a throttle point, in such a way that the coolant 11 flows out of the chamber 5 essentially through the sealing element 2 during normal operation.
- the pressure loss across the feeds 3 is quite large, and the substantial pressure loss in the case shown Coolant guidance essentially occurs via the impingement cooling insert 14, in such a way that essentially the impingement cooling insert measures the total mass flow of the coolant 11 independently of the downstream components.
- the redundant coolant channel arranged according to the invention thus ensures on the one hand a minimum cooling of the sealing element, and on the other hand maintains the flow through the impact cooling insert 14 and thus the impact cooling of the blade root 13.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH228001 | 2001-12-13 | ||
| CH22802001 | 2001-12-13 | ||
| PCT/CH2002/000687 WO2003054359A1 (de) | 2001-12-13 | 2002-12-12 | Dichtungsbaugruppe für komponenten einer strömungsmaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1456507A1 true EP1456507A1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
| EP1456507B1 EP1456507B1 (de) | 2013-05-01 |
Family
ID=4568377
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02805241.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1456507B1 (de) | 2001-12-13 | 2002-12-12 | Dichtungsbaugruppe für komponenten einer strömungsmaschine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040258523A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1456507B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005513329A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2002366847A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003054359A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH700320A1 (de) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-07-30 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum herstellen eines bauteils einer gasturbine. |
| EP2390466B1 (de) | 2010-05-27 | 2018-04-25 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Eine Kühlanordnung für eine Gasturbine |
| RU2547542C2 (ru) * | 2010-11-29 | 2015-04-10 | Альстом Текнолоджи Лтд | Осевая газовая турбина |
| RU2547351C2 (ru) * | 2010-11-29 | 2015-04-10 | Альстом Текнолоджи Лтд | Осевая газовая турбина |
| RU2547541C2 (ru) * | 2010-11-29 | 2015-04-10 | Альстом Текнолоджи Лтд | Осевая газовая турбина |
| US20130315708A1 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-28 | Jacob Romeo Rendon | Nozzle with Extended Tab |
| FR2999249B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-01-09 | Snecma | Compresseur pour turbomachine dote de moyens de refroidissement d'un joint tournant assurant l'etancheite entre un redresseur et un rotor |
| EP2921650B1 (de) | 2014-03-20 | 2017-10-04 | Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG | Turbinenschaufel mit gekühlte Hohlkehle |
| CN104234947A (zh) * | 2014-10-10 | 2014-12-24 | 中船重工(重庆)海装风电设备有限公司 | 海上风力发电机组舱内环境控制装置 |
| CN115142905B (zh) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-08-06 | 杭州汽轮动力集团股份有限公司 | 带双预旋通道喷嘴的涡轮盘腔结构 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3728039A (en) * | 1966-11-02 | 1973-04-17 | Gen Electric | Fluid cooled porous stator structure |
| US3365172A (en) * | 1966-11-02 | 1968-01-23 | Gen Electric | Air cooled shroud seal |
| US3825364A (en) * | 1972-06-09 | 1974-07-23 | Gen Electric | Porous abradable turbine shroud |
| FR2280791A1 (fr) * | 1974-07-31 | 1976-02-27 | Snecma | Perfectionnements au reglage du jeu entre les aubes et le stator d'une turbine |
| US3989410A (en) * | 1974-11-27 | 1976-11-02 | General Electric Company | Labyrinth seal system |
| FR2401310A1 (fr) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-03-23 | Snecma | Carter de turbine de moteur a reaction |
| US4311431A (en) * | 1978-11-08 | 1982-01-19 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Turbine engine with shroud cooling means |
| GB2125111B (en) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-06-05 | Rolls Royce | Shroud assembly for a gas turbine engine |
| US5584651A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-12-17 | General Electric Company | Cooled shroud |
| US5993150A (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-11-30 | General Electric Company | Dual cooled shroud |
| DE19821365C2 (de) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-09-13 | Man Turbomasch Ag Ghh Borsig | Kühlung einer Wabendichtung im mit Heißgas beaufschlagten Teil einer Gasturbine |
| EP1124039A1 (de) * | 2000-02-09 | 2001-08-16 | General Electric Company | Vorrichtung zur Prallkühlung des Deckbandes in einer Gasturbine |
| US6340285B1 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2002-01-22 | General Electric Company | End rail cooling for combined high and low pressure turbine shroud |
| GB0029337D0 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2001-01-17 | Rolls Royce Plc | A seal segment for a turbine |
| AU2002366846A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-07-09 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Hot gas path subassembly of a gas turbine |
-
2002
- 2002-12-12 EP EP02805241.3A patent/EP1456507B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-12 JP JP2003555047A patent/JP2005513329A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-12 AU AU2002366847A patent/AU2002366847A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-12 WO PCT/CH2002/000687 patent/WO2003054359A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-06-14 US US10/865,761 patent/US20040258523A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03054359A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003054359A1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
| US20040258523A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| EP1456507B1 (de) | 2013-05-01 |
| JP2005513329A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
| AU2002366847A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
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