EP1456287A2 - Heat-conducting thermoplastic compounds and uses thereof - Google Patents

Heat-conducting thermoplastic compounds and uses thereof

Info

Publication number
EP1456287A2
EP1456287A2 EP02798270A EP02798270A EP1456287A2 EP 1456287 A2 EP1456287 A2 EP 1456287A2 EP 02798270 A EP02798270 A EP 02798270A EP 02798270 A EP02798270 A EP 02798270A EP 1456287 A2 EP1456287 A2 EP 1456287A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flexible
thermoplastically processable
compounds according
filler
hose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02798270A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Greiner
Lothar SCHÖN
Manfred OCHSENKÜHN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Healthcare GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1456287A2 publication Critical patent/EP1456287A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
    • F28F2013/006—Heat conductive materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to flexible compounds comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, and to flexible heat-conductive hoses produced therefrom, which can be used in particular as a heating or cooling hose.
  • a very effective way of transferring heat and dissipating it especially from large-volume devices such as electrical windings is to install metal pipes (for example made of copper) with good thermal conductivity and to pump them through this cooling liquid, for example cold water.
  • metal pipes for example made of copper
  • this cooling liquid for example cold water.
  • Another disadvantage is that several parallel pipes have to be connected at the ends in a complex manner and that design-related bends cannot be made without changes in cross-section which inhibit the flow or make the inlet pressure necessary.
  • the use of flexible, commercially available plastic hoses enables more rational production (winding around the parts to be cooled; prefabrication of wound heat exchangers).
  • the disadvantage here is that the plastic and thus the hose wall has a very low thermal conductivity of approx. 0.15-0.20 W / mK and thus the effectiveness of the cooling is significantly reduced. This is exacerbated if, due to the required pressure resistance, hoses with a relatively large wall thickness of, for example, 1-2 mm have to be used. If, due to the design, tight bending radii are required, a thick-walled hose must also be used for this reason, since it is known that the tendency to kink increases with smaller wall thicknesses.
  • the device / the winding can be cast with a casting resin, preferably with increased thermal conductivity.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide thermoplastically processable compounds which, in spite of a high degree of filling in processing as a hose, combine a narrow bending radius with high burst pressure and high elongation at break.
  • the invention relates to flexible thermoplastically processable compounds with a thermal conductivity greater than 0.5 W / mK, comprising a thermoplastic processable molding compound and a filler.
  • the compound has a tensile strength of greater than 15 MPa and / or a modulus of elasticity between 100 and 1000 MPa.
  • the compound has a filler content of between 15 and 50% by volume, preferably a content of 20 to 40% by volume.
  • the compound comprises a thermoplastically processable molding compound and a thermally conductive filler.
  • thermoplastically processable molding compounds can be used which have a high elongation at break (greater than 200%) and a low modulus of elasticity (100 to 500 MPa).
  • the elongation at break is considerably reduced by the high proportion of filler, the modulus of elasticity is increased and the end product is thus stiffer than the starting product.
  • the tensile and bending strength must be high enough to meet the necessary bending radii and pressure tests when filled.
  • the tensile stress of the raw material should be> 20 MPa.
  • thermoplastic elastomers plastics which have the properties of elastomers and can be processed like thermoplastics
  • copolymers are therefore particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the molding compound is a thermoplastic elastomer from the group: TPE-U (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyurethane), TPE-A (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyamide), TPE-E (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyester) -Base), TPE-0 (polyolefin-based themoplastic elastomers), styrene block copolymers (SEBS block polymer, SBS block polymer), EPDM / PE blends, EPDM / PP blends, EVA, PEBA (polyether block amides ).
  • TPE-U thermoplastic elastomer based on polyurethane
  • TPE-A thermoplastic elastomer based on polyamide
  • TPE-E thermoplastic elastomer based on polyester
  • TPE-0 polyolefin-based themoplastic elastomers
  • SEBS block polymer SBS block polymer
  • the filler is selected from the group of the following fillers: quartz, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride,
  • Boron nitride, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof It is also possible to partially or completely fill the aforementioned fillers to be replaced by highly thermally conductive powdered metals such as aluminum, copper, silver.
  • Quartz, aluminum oxide and boron nitride are preferred.
  • both splintery, spherical, fibrous and platelet-shaped particles can be used.
  • the particle size depends on the respective application. When using the mixtures according to the invention as hose materials, it is advantageous to remain clearly below the wall thickness to be realized with the maximum particle size; the maximum particle size is preferably less than half the wall thickness.
  • the average particle size is less than 200 ⁇ m, preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 50 ⁇ m. It is also advantageous to use a bi- or trimodal particle size distribution
  • additives In principle, the use of additives, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, color pigments, processing aids for the targeted modification of processing and final properties is possible and permitted. Due to the migration problem, the additives, especially the plasticizers, should only be added in a very selected manner.
  • the compounds are usually produced continuously on a twin-screw extruder.
  • the processing parameters must be matched to the respective plastic and filler and the screw geometry adjusted.
  • production is also possible discontinuously in a kneader or on a calender (e.g. shear roller calender).
  • a calender e.g. shear roller calender
  • the final compound must have a sufficiently fine filler distribution and homogeneity for further processing.
  • the hose is manufactured on a conventional hose extrusion line. Depending on the material, the compound is melted and homogenized in a single- or twin-screw extruder. In the molten state, the compound is first continuously formed into a hose and discharged via the tool insert. Then calibrated, solidified, cooled and wound up.
  • the inner diameter of the hoses is typically between 1 mm and 20 mm with a wall thickness of 0.05-5 mm; a wall thickness of 0.2-2 mm is preferred.
  • the cross section of the hose can be round or oval, or can also consist of several chambers separated by webs.
  • the hose according to the invention can be used both as a cooling hose and as a heating hose.
  • the hose is particularly suitable for cooling electrical devices such as motors or transformers. Applications such as underfloor heating and / or other heat exchangers of all kinds are also conceivable.
  • thermoplastic elastomer based on polyamide TPE-A was used as the thermoplastic material.
  • compositions and properties are summarized in the table below.
  • Example 1 is a comparative example without the addition of filler.
  • Examples 2 and 3 show a significantly increased thermal conductivity compared to Example 1; In spite of a high filler content, the elongation at break in Examples 2 and 3 is sufficiently high to enable a bending radius of ⁇ 5 cm.
  • the compounds according to the invention achieve a high thermal conductivity of 0.5-2 W / mK, which is thus a factor of 3-10 above that of the starting plastic.
  • the hoses are characterized by high flexibility and strength. The elongation at break of> 20% makes it possible to process the hoses produced with a bending radius of ⁇ 5cm. Despite the high flexibility, the hoses produced have a burst pressure of> 20 bar.
  • compositions according to the invention have an elongation at break of> 20% and that hoses can be used to produce them with a bending radius ⁇ 5 cm without tearing or kinking. It is also surprising that the hoses according to the invention have a burst pressure of> 20 bar.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to flexible compounds that are made of a thermoplastic elastomer and a filler having increased thermal conductivity, and to flexible heat-conducting tubes produced on the basis thereof that are especially useful as heating or cooling tubes. The inventive mixtures have a thermal conductivity in the range of from 0.5 to 2 W/mK.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Wärmeleitfähige Compounds und Verwendungen dazuThermally conductive compounds and their uses
Die Erfindung betrifft flexible Compounds, ein thermoplastischen Elastomer umfassend, sowie daraus hergestellte flexible wärmeleitfähige Schläuche, die insbesondere als Heiz- oder Kühlschlauch eingesetzt werden können.The invention relates to flexible compounds comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, and to flexible heat-conductive hoses produced therefrom, which can be used in particular as a heating or cooling hose.
Elektrische/elektronische Geräte werden zunehmend kompakter gebaut bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit. Dadurch bedingt steigen auch die ohmschen Verluste an, die zu einer erhöhten Betriebstemperatur führen. Diese ist aber meist nicht tolerierbar, da bei steigender Temperatur die Le- bensdauer der Geräte stark sinkt und die Ausfallrate speziell bei Halbleitern exponentiell ansteigt. Weiterhin sind die zur Isolation eingesetzten Kunststoffe nur in einem begrenzten Temperaturbereich einsetzbar; bei höherer Temperatur geht die mechanische Stabilität zurück bzw. führen Alterungsprozesse oberhalb der Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit zu einer Verschlechterung sowohl der mechanischen und dielektrischen Eigenschaften.Electrical / electronic devices are being built increasingly compact while increasing their performance. This also increases the ohmic losses, which lead to an increased operating temperature. However, this is usually not tolerable, since the service life of the devices decreases sharply as the temperature rises and the failure rate increases exponentially, especially for semiconductors. Furthermore, the plastics used for insulation can only be used in a limited temperature range; at higher temperatures the mechanical stability decreases or aging processes above the permanent temperature resistance lead to a deterioration of both the mechanical and dielectric properties.
Eine sehr effektive Art, Wärme zu übertragen und speziell aus größervolumigen Geräten wie elektrischen Wicklungen abzuführen besteht darin, gut wärmeleitfähige Metallrohre (z.B. aus Kupfer) einzubauen und durch diese Kühlflüssigkeit, beispielsweise kaltes Wasser, zu pumpen. Dabei kann es aber zur Vermeidung von Überschlägen erforderlich sein, das Metallrohr mit einer Isolationsschicht aus Kunststoff zu versehen, welche einen unerwünschten Wärmewiderstand darstellt. Nachteilig ist weiterhin, dass mehrere parallel geführte Rohre an den Enden aufwendig miteinander verbunden werden müssen und dass konstruktionsbedingte Biegungen nicht ohne Querschnittsände- rungen machbar sind, welche den Durchfluss hemmen bzw. eine Erhöhung des Vordruckes erforderlich machen. Die Verwendung von flexiblen handelsüblichen Kunststoffschläuchen ermöglicht eine rationellere Fertigung (Wicklung um die zu kühlenden Teile; Vorfertigung von gewickelten Wär- metauschern) . Nachteilig ist hier aber, dass der Kunststoff und damit die Schlauchwand eine sehr geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit von ca. 0,15-0,20 W/mK besitzt und damit die Effektivität der Kühlung deutlich reduziert wird. Dies wird noch verstärkt, wenn wegen der geforderten Druckbeständigkeit Schläu- ehe mit einer relativ großen Wandstärke von beispielsweise 1-2 mm eingesetzt werden müssen. Sind konstruktionsbedingt enge Biegeradien erforderlich, so muss auch aus diesem Grund ein dickwandiger Schlauch verwendet werden, da bekanntermaßen die Neigung zum Abknicken bei geringeren Wandstärken zunimmt. Z«r Verbesserung der Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Leiter und dem Kühlschlauch kann das Gerät/die Wicklung mit einem Gießharz, bevorzugt mit erhöhter Wärmeleitfähigkeit vergossen sein.A very effective way of transferring heat and dissipating it especially from large-volume devices such as electrical windings is to install metal pipes (for example made of copper) with good thermal conductivity and to pump them through this cooling liquid, for example cold water. However, in order to avoid flashovers, it may be necessary to provide the metal pipe with an insulating layer made of plastic, which represents an undesirable thermal resistance. Another disadvantage is that several parallel pipes have to be connected at the ends in a complex manner and that design-related bends cannot be made without changes in cross-section which inhibit the flow or make the inlet pressure necessary. The use of flexible, commercially available plastic hoses enables more rational production (winding around the parts to be cooled; prefabrication of wound heat exchangers). The disadvantage here, however, is that the plastic and thus the hose wall has a very low thermal conductivity of approx. 0.15-0.20 W / mK and thus the effectiveness of the cooling is significantly reduced. This is exacerbated if, due to the required pressure resistance, hoses with a relatively large wall thickness of, for example, 1-2 mm have to be used. If, due to the design, tight bending radii are required, a thick-walled hose must also be used for this reason, since it is known that the tendency to kink increases with smaller wall thicknesses. To improve the heat transfer between the conductor and the cooling hose, the device / the winding can be cast with a casting resin, preferably with increased thermal conductivity.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds zur Verfügung zu stellen, die trotz eines hohen Füllgrades in der Verarbeitung als Schlauch einen engen Biegeradius mit hohem Berstdruck und hoher Reißdehnung verbinden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide thermoplastically processable compounds which, in spite of a high degree of filling in processing as a hose, combine a narrow bending radius with high burst pressure and high elongation at break.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit größer 0,5 W/mK, eine thermoplastische verarbeitbare Formmasse und einen Füllstoff umfassend.The invention relates to flexible thermoplastically processable compounds with a thermal conductivity greater than 0.5 W / mK, comprising a thermoplastic processable molding compound and a filler.
Nach einer Ausführungsform hat der Compound eine Zugfestigkeit von größer 15 MPa und/oder ein Elastizitätsmodul zwischen 100 und 1000 MPa. Nach einer Ausführungsform hat der Compound einen Gehalt an Füllstoff zwischen 15 und 50 Vol%, bevorzugt einen Gehalt von 20 bis 40 Vol%.According to one embodiment, the compound has a tensile strength of greater than 15 MPa and / or a modulus of elasticity between 100 and 1000 MPa. According to one embodiment, the compound has a filler content of between 15 and 50% by volume, preferably a content of 20 to 40% by volume.
Der Compound umfasst eine thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Formmasse und einen wärmeleitfähigen Füllstoff.The compound comprises a thermoplastically processable molding compound and a thermally conductive filler.
Prinzipiell können alle thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Formmassen verwendet werden, welche über eine hohe Reißdehnung (größer 200 %) und einen niedrigen E-Modul (100 bis 500 MPa) verfügen. Die Reißdehnung wird durch den hohen Füllstoffanteil erheblich reduziert, der E-Modul erhöht und damit das Endprodukt steifer als das Ausgangsprodukt. Die Zug- und Biegefestigkeit muss ausreichend hoch sein, um im gefüllten Zu- stand die notwendigen Biegeradien und Druckprüfungen zu erfüllen. Die Zugspannung der Rohware sollte > 20 MPa betragen.In principle, all thermoplastically processable molding compounds can be used which have a high elongation at break (greater than 200%) and a low modulus of elasticity (100 to 500 MPa). The elongation at break is considerably reduced by the high proportion of filler, the modulus of elasticity is increased and the end product is thus stiffer than the starting product. The tensile and bending strength must be high enough to meet the necessary bending radii and pressure tests when filled. The tensile stress of the raw material should be> 20 MPa.
Daher eignet sich insbesondere die Gruppe der thermoplastischen Elastomere (Kunststoffe, welche die Eigenschaften von Elastomeren besitzen und verarbeitbar wie Thermoplaste sind) und Copolymere zu diesem Zweck.The group of thermoplastic elastomers (plastics which have the properties of elastomers and can be processed like thermoplastics) and copolymers are therefore particularly suitable for this purpose.
Nach einer Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei der Formmasse und um ein thermoplastisches Elastomer aus der Gruppe: TPE-U (thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyurethan-Basis), TPE-A (thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyamid-Basis) , TPE-E (thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyester-Basis) , TPE-0 (themoplastische Elastomere auf Polyolefin-Basis) , Styrol- Block-Copolymere (SEBS-Blockpolymer, SBS-Blockpolymer) , EPDM/PE-Mischungen, EPDM/PP-Mischungen, EVA, PEBA (Polye- therblockamide) .According to one embodiment, the molding compound is a thermoplastic elastomer from the group: TPE-U (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyurethane), TPE-A (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyamide), TPE-E (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyester) -Base), TPE-0 (polyolefin-based themoplastic elastomers), styrene block copolymers (SEBS block polymer, SBS block polymer), EPDM / PE blends, EPDM / PP blends, EVA, PEBA (polyether block amides ).
Nach einer Ausführungsform ist der Füllstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe folgender Füllstoffe: Quarz, Aluminiumoxid, Magne- siumoxid, Aluminiumnitrid, Siliziumcarbid, Siliziumnitrid,According to one embodiment, the filler is selected from the group of the following fillers: quartz, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride,
Bornitrid, Zinksulfid sowie Mischungen daraus. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die vorgenannten Füllstoffe teilweise oder ganz durch gut wärmeleitfähige pulverförmige Metalle wie Aluminium, Kupfer, Silber zu ersetzen.Boron nitride, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof. It is also possible to partially or completely fill the aforementioned fillers to be replaced by highly thermally conductive powdered metals such as aluminum, copper, silver.
Bevorzugt sind Quarz, Aluminiumoxid und Bornitrid.Quartz, aluminum oxide and boron nitride are preferred.
Grundsätzlich können sowohl splittrige, sphärische, faserför- mige als auch plättchenförmige Partikel verwendet werden.In principle, both splintery, spherical, fibrous and platelet-shaped particles can be used.
Die Partikelgrösse richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Anwe- dungszweck. Beim Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen als Schlauchmaterialien ist es vorteilhaft mit der maximalen Partikelgröße deutlich unter zu realisierenden Wandstärke zu bleiben; bevorzugt beträgt die maximale Partikelgröße weniger als die halbe Wandstärke. Die mittlere Partikelgröße beträgt weniger als 200μm, bevorzugt weniger als lOOum, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 50μm. Vorteilhaft ist außerdem, eine bi- oder trimodale Partikelgrößenverteilung zu verwendenThe particle size depends on the respective application. When using the mixtures according to the invention as hose materials, it is advantageous to remain clearly below the wall thickness to be realized with the maximum particle size; the maximum particle size is preferably less than half the wall thickness. The average particle size is less than 200 μm, preferably less than 100 μm, particularly preferably less than 50 μm. It is also advantageous to use a bi- or trimodal particle size distribution
Prinzipiell ist die Verwendung von Additiven, Weichmachern, Haftvermittlern, Farbpigmenten, Verarbeitungshilfen zur gezielten Modifizierung von Verarbeitungs- und Endeigenschaften möglich und erlaubt. Aufgrund der Migrationsproblematik sollten die Additive, insbesondere die Weichmacher, nur sehr ausgewählt zugesetzt werden.In principle, the use of additives, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, color pigments, processing aids for the targeted modification of processing and final properties is possible and permitted. Due to the migration problem, the additives, especially the plasticizers, should only be added in a very selected manner.
Die Compounds werden üblicherweise kontinuierlich auf einem Zweischneckenextruder hergestellt. Dabei müssen die Verarbeitungsparameter auf den jeweiligen Kunststoff und den Füllstoff abgestimmt und die Schneckengeometrie angepasst werden.The compounds are usually produced continuously on a twin-screw extruder. The processing parameters must be matched to the respective plastic and filler and the screw geometry adjusted.
Prinzipiell ist die Herstellung auch diskontinuierlich in einem Kneter oder auf einem Kalander (z.B. Scherwalzenkalander) möglich.In principle, production is also possible discontinuously in a kneader or on a calender (e.g. shear roller calender).
Aufgrund der hohen Füllgrade und der eventuell auftretenden Abrasion muss auf entsprechende Ausrüstung der Compoundierma- schinen und Nachfolgeeinrichtungen geachtet werden (u. U. ge- panzerte Zylinder, Schnecken, Werkzeuge, Granuliermesser, etc. ) .Due to the high filling levels and the abrasion that may occur, care must be taken to ensure that the compounding machines and downstream equipment are equipped appropriately ( armored cylinders, screws, tools, pelletizers, etc.).
Der endgültige Compound muss für die Weiterverarbeitung über eine ausreichend feine Füllstoffverteilung und Homogenität verfügen.The final compound must have a sufficiently fine filler distribution and homogeneity for further processing.
Der Schlauch wird auf einer herkömmlichen Schlauchextrusions- linie hergestellt. Der Compound wird je nach Material in ei- nem Ein-/ bzw. Zweischneckenextruder aufgeschmolzen und homogenisiert. Im geschmolzenen Zustand wird der Compound zunächst über den Werkzeugeinsatz kontinuierlich zum Schlauch geformt und ausgetragen. Anschließend kalibriert, verfestigt, abgekühlt und aufgewickelt.The hose is manufactured on a conventional hose extrusion line. Depending on the material, the compound is melted and homogenized in a single- or twin-screw extruder. In the molten state, the compound is first continuously formed into a hose and discharged via the tool insert. Then calibrated, solidified, cooled and wound up.
Aufgrund der hohen Füllgrade und der Abrasion muss auf entsprechende Ausrüstung der Austragsextruder und Nachfolgeeinrichtungen geachtet werden (u. U. gepanzerte Zylinder, Schnecken, Werkzeugeinsätze, etc.).Due to the high degree of filling and abrasion, care must be taken to equip the discharge extruder and downstream equipment accordingly (possibly armored cylinders, screws, tool inserts, etc.).
Typischerweise beträgt der Innendurchmesser der Schläuche zwischen 1 mm und 20 mm bei einer Wandstärke von 0,05-5 mm; bevorzugt ist eine Wandstärke von 0,2-2 mm.The inner diameter of the hoses is typically between 1 mm and 20 mm with a wall thickness of 0.05-5 mm; a wall thickness of 0.2-2 mm is preferred.
Der Querschnitt des Schlauchs kann rund oder oval sein, oder auch aus mehreren durch Stege getrennten Kammern bestehen.The cross section of the hose can be round or oval, or can also consist of several chambers separated by webs.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schlauch kann wegen der hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Schlauchwand sowohl als Kühlschlauch als auch als Heizschlauch eingesetzt werden. Besonders geeignet ist der Schlauch zu Kühlung elektrischer Geräte wie Motoren oder Transformatoren. Denkbar sind aber auch Anwendungen wie Fußbodenheizungen und/oder andere Wärmetauscher aller Art.Because of the high thermal conductivity of the hose wall, the hose according to the invention can be used both as a cooling hose and as a heating hose. The hose is particularly suitable for cooling electrical devices such as motors or transformers. Applications such as underfloor heating and / or other heat exchangers of all kinds are also conceivable.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung noch anhand von 3 Beispielen erläutert: Für die nachfolgenden Beispiele erfolgte Compound- und Schlauchherstellung mit einem Zweischneckenextruder.In the following the invention will be explained with reference to 3 examples: For the following examples, compound and tube production was carried out using a twin-screw extruder.
Als Thermoplastmaterial wurde ein thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyamidbasis TPE-A) eingesetzt.A thermoplastic elastomer based on polyamide TPE-A) was used as the thermoplastic material.
Die Zusammensetzungen und Eigenschaften sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.The compositions and properties are summarized in the table below.
Beispiel 1 ist ein Vergleichsbeispiel ohne Zugabe von Füllstoff. Die Beispiele 2 und 3 zeigen gegenüber Beispiel 1 eine deutlich erhöhte Wärmeleitfähigkeit; trotz eines hohen Füll- stoffgehaltes ist bei den Beispielen 2 und 3 die Reißdehnung jedoch ausreichend hoch um einen Biegeradius von < 5 cm zu ermöglichen. Gegenüber handelsüblichen Thermoplastmaterialien und Schläuchen bzw. Rohren wird mit den erfindungsgemäßen Compounds eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 0,5-2 W/mK erzielt, die damit um den Faktor 3-10 über dem des Ausgangskunststoffs liegt. Gleichzeitig zeichnen sich die Schläuche durch hohe Flexibilität und Festigkeit aus. Durch die Reißdehnung von > 20 % ist es möglich, die hergestellten Schläuche mit einem Biegeradius von < 5cm zu verarbeiten. Trotz hoher Flexibilität weisen die hergestellten Schläuche einen Berstdruck von > 20 bar auf.Example 1 is a comparative example without the addition of filler. Examples 2 and 3 show a significantly increased thermal conductivity compared to Example 1; In spite of a high filler content, the elongation at break in Examples 2 and 3 is sufficiently high to enable a bending radius of <5 cm. Compared to commercially available thermoplastic materials and hoses or pipes, the compounds according to the invention achieve a high thermal conductivity of 0.5-2 W / mK, which is thus a factor of 3-10 above that of the starting plastic. At the same time, the hoses are characterized by high flexibility and strength. The elongation at break of> 20% makes it possible to process the hoses produced with a bending radius of <5cm. Despite the high flexibility, the hoses produced have a burst pressure of> 20 bar.
Es ist überraschend, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen trotz eines sehr hohen Füllstoffgehaltes eine Reißdehnung von > 20 % aufweisen und dass damit Schläuche herge- stellt werden können mit denen ein Biegeradius < 5cm ohne Reißen oder Abknicken realisiert werden kann. Weiterhin ist überraschend, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Schläuche einen Berstdruck von >20bar aufweisen. It is surprising that, despite a very high filler content, the compositions according to the invention have an elongation at break of> 20% and that hoses can be used to produce them with a bending radius <5 cm without tearing or kinking. It is also surprising that the hoses according to the invention have a burst pressure of> 20 bar.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit größer 0,5 W/mK eine thermoplastische ver- arbeitbaren Formmasse und einen Füllstoff umfassend.1. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds with a thermal conductivity greater than 0.5 W / mK comprising a thermoplastic processable molding compound and a filler.
2. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach Anspruch 1, mit einer Reißdehnung von größer 10 % bevorzugt größer 20%.2. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to claim 1, with an elongation at break of greater than 10%, preferably greater than 20%.
3. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, mit einer Zugfestigkeit von größer 15 MPa und/oder ein Elastizitätsmodul zwischen 100 und lOOOMPa hat.3. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to one of claims 1 or 2, having a tensile strength of greater than 15 MPa and / or a modulus of elasticity between 100 and 100,000 Pa.
4-, Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Formmasse ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe folgender thermoplastischer Elastomere: TPE-U (thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyurethan- Basis) , TPE-A (thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyamid- Basis) , TPE-E (thermoplastisches Elastomer auf Polyester- Basis) , TPE-0 (themoplastische Elastomere auf Polyolefin- Basis), Styrol-Block-Copolymere (SEBS-Blockpolymer, SBS- Blockpolymer) , EPDM/PE-Mischungen, EPDM/PP-Mischungen, EVA, PEBA (Polyetherblockamide) .4-, Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the molding composition is selected from the group of the following thermoplastic elastomers: TPE-U (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyurethane), TPE-A (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyamide), TPE -E (thermoplastic elastomer based on polyester), TPE-0 (themoplastic elastomer based on polyolefin), styrene block copolymers (SEBS block polymer, SBS block polymer), EPDM / PE blends, EPDM / PP blends, EVA, PEBA (polyether block amides).
5. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Füllstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe folgender Füllstoffe: Quarz, Alumi- niumoxid, Magnesiumoxid, Aluminiumnitrid, Siliziumcarbid, Siliziumnitrid, Bornitrid, Zinksulfid sowie Mischungen daraus.5. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler is selected from the group of the following fillers: quartz, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.
6. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Füllstoff wärme- leitfähige pulverförmige Metalle wie Aluminium, Kupfer, Silber umfasst. 6. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler comprises heat-conductive powdered metals such as aluminum, copper, silver.
7. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Gehalt an Füllstoff zwischen 15 und 50 Vol%.7. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to claim 1, with a filler content between 15 and 50 vol%.
8. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mittlere Partikelgröße der eingesetzten Füllstoffe weniger als 200um, bevorzugt weniger als lOOμm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 50μm beträgt.8. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the fillers used is less than 200 μm, preferably less than 100 μm, particularly preferably less than 50 μm.
9. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Füllstoff eine bi- oder trimodale Partikelgrössenverteilung hat.9. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to one of the preceding claims, in which the filler has a bi- or trimodal particle size distribution.
10. Flexible thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Compounds nach ei- nem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Partikel im Füllstoff eine maximale Partikelgröße deutlich unter der zu realisierenden Wandstärke haben.10. Flexible thermoplastically processable compounds according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particles in the filler have a maximum particle size significantly below the wall thickness to be realized.
11. Verwendung eines flexiblen thermoplastisch verarbeitbaren Compounds nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche zur Herstellung eines Schlauches.11. Use of a flexible thermoplastically processable compound according to one of the preceding claims for the production of a hose.
12. Verwendung nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Schlauch einen Innendurchmesser im Bereich von 1 bis 20 mm bei einer Wandstär- ke im Bereich von 0,05 bis 5 mm hat.12. Use according to claim 11, wherein the hose has an inner diameter in the range from 1 to 20 mm with a wall thickness in the range from 0.05 to 5 mm.
13. Verwendung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei der Schlauch zur Kühlung elektrischer Geräte wie Motoren oder Transformatoren verwendet wird.13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the hose is used for cooling electrical devices such as motors or transformers.
14. Verwendung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei der Schlauch für Fußbodenheizungen oder Wärmetauscher aller Art verwendet wird. 14. Use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the hose is used for underfloor heating or heat exchangers of all kinds.
EP02798270A 2001-12-17 2002-12-12 Heat-conducting thermoplastic compounds and uses thereof Withdrawn EP1456287A2 (en)

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