EP1453072B1 - Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1453072B1
EP1453072B1 EP03360034A EP03360034A EP1453072B1 EP 1453072 B1 EP1453072 B1 EP 1453072B1 EP 03360034 A EP03360034 A EP 03360034A EP 03360034 A EP03360034 A EP 03360034A EP 1453072 B1 EP1453072 B1 EP 1453072B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
voltage
circuit
output signal
supervised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03360034A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1453072A1 (de
Inventor
Heinz Telefont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Priority to ES03360034T priority Critical patent/ES2268304T3/es
Priority to DE60306615T priority patent/DE60306615T2/de
Priority to EP03360034A priority patent/EP1453072B1/de
Priority to AT03360034T priority patent/ATE332568T1/de
Publication of EP1453072A1 publication Critical patent/EP1453072A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1453072B1 publication Critical patent/EP1453072B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of supervising the state of an electrical contact present in a load circuit and a supervision circuit.
  • relay contacts In safety critical systems, the state (open or closed) of all kinds of electrical contacts (e.g. relay contacts) need to be supervised for detection of faults.
  • special relays are used, for example relays with guided contacts, that enable any detection of contact failures by supervising corresponding contacts.
  • an electric power distribution system includes three conductors of a three-phase power line segment which is protected by a protective relay.
  • the protective relay monitors the current on the conductor through a current sensor and the voltage through potential transformers. If the conditions detected meet predetermined criteria, the protective relay energizes a coil of a trip relay having a contact, which, when closed, provides current for a station battery to the coil of the circuit breaker which opens a contact to interrupt the flow of current through the conductor.
  • the status of the contact which is an indication of the status of the circuit breaker, is monitored by the contact activity monitor.
  • the logic or signal level of the output signal is "high” if the contact is closed and “low” if the contact is open.
  • the logic levels generated at the output of the supervision circuit can be used in evaluation units supervising several electrical contacts.
  • a first voltage is applied to the input of the detection means for generating a first signal level of the output signal when no current is flowing through the supervised contact, wherein the first voltage is reduced to a second lower voltage if a current is flowing through the supervised contact for generating a different signal level of the output signal.
  • the reduction in voltage can be achieved by providing a diode in the supervision circuit. If the supervised contact is open, no current is flowing through the diode. In contrast, if the supervised contact is closed, a current is flowing through the diode and the supervised contact, thus pulling the first voltage down to the second voltage. The change in voltage is detected by the detection means and the output signal is changed accordingly. This method allows detection of the state of the supervised contact without any energy consumption from the load circuit.
  • the supervision circuit can be used with both, a load circuit operating with direct current and alternating current. It is also possible to design the supervision circuit such, that no feedback occurs from the load circuit to the supervision circuit and vice versa. Furthermore, if the load circuit is operated with direct current, no care must be taken when connecting the supervision circuit to the load circuit because the rectifier ensures that the current through the supervised contact will always be in the correct direction.
  • the object is also achieved by a supervision circuit for monitoring the state of an electrical contact of a load circuit according to claim 5.
  • a supervision circuit for monitoring the state of an electrical contact of a load circuit according to claim 5.
  • Such a supervision circuit can be designed with low energy consumption, and with almost no feedback between the supervision circuit and the load circuit.
  • the supervision circuit allows supervision of a potential-free contact without energy consumption from the load circuit.
  • the supervision circuit also comprises a diode which is connected in series with the supervised contact for reducing the voltage if a current flows through the diode and the supervised contact.
  • the change in voltage causes the output signal of the detection means to change.
  • the voltage supply can be realized particularly easily by two optoelectronic couplers connected in series.
  • the two optoelectronic couplers are supplied with a control current via a separate voltage supply.
  • a voltage of about 0,7 V is created between the base and emitter of each optoelectronic coupler.
  • a voltage of about 1.4 V is created.
  • the optoelectronic couplers are used as a controlled photoelectric cell. They generate a control voltage, which is independent from the voltage of the load circuit. Alternatively, specific integrated circuits can be used as voltage supply.
  • the detection means comprises an optoelectronic coupler.
  • An optoelectronic coupler is very sensitive to the change of the voltage at its input. A relatively small change in input voltage causes a change in the output of the optoelectronic coupler and thus in the output of the supervision circuit. In particular, if the supervised contact is closed, a control current flows over a diode and thus the voltage over the third optoelectronic coupler decreases, that now blocks the corresponding output.
  • the use of an optoelectronic coupler as the detection means further has the advantage that the contact can be supervised dynamically, i.e. a change in the contact state is detected immediately.
  • the use of optoelectronic couplers has the advantage that different components can be at different potentials.
  • the input side of the optoelectronic couplers forming the power supply can be at a different potential as the supervision and load circuit and the output side of the third optoelectronic coupler can yet again be at a different potential.
  • the supervision circuit can be used with an alternating current or a direct current flowing in the load circuit because due to the rectifier the current through the supervised contact always flows in the same direction.
  • the use of a Graetz rectifier also prevents a feedback from the load circuit to the supervision circuit.
  • a supervision circuit 1 comprising a voltage supply implemented by two optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 connected in series and the detection means 4 connected in parallel with the power supply.
  • the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 are supplied with a control current by the voltage supply 5 via resistor 6.
  • the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 generate a voltage at their base-emitter junction of 0,7 V, respectively.
  • the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 connected in series thus are an energy source for the detection means 4 provided with an optoelectronic coupler 7.
  • the capacity 8 buffers the dc voltage supplied by optoelectronic couplers 2 and 3.
  • the voltage supply formed by the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 is highly resistive.
  • the diode of optoelectronic coupler 7 is connected in parallel to the transistors of the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3.
  • the photodiode of the optoelectronic coupler 7 causes the voltage to be stabilized.
  • the output of the optoelectronic coupler 7 is connected to a voltage source 5a via resistor 9. If the full voltage generated by optoelectronic coupler 2, 3 is supplied to the input of the detection means 4, the output of the optoelectronic coupler 7 is pulled down to 0 V. Hence, the output signal at the output port E takes the logic level "low".
  • a diode 10 connected in series with a contact 11 to be supervised. If the contact 11 is in an open state, no current flows through diode 10. As soon as the contact 11 is closed, a current flows through diode 10, thereby reducing the voltage supplied to the input ports of the detection means 4. A reduction in the voltage at the input of the detection means causes the optoelectronic coupler 7 to switch off and the output signal E to take the logic "high" level.
  • a load circuit 12 is shown, comprising a power generator 13 generating an ac current. It further comprises a load resistance 14 connected to the supervised contact 11, via a rectifier circuit 15, in particular a Graetz rectifier.
  • the rectifier 15 ensures that the current flowing through contact 11 always flows in the same direction.
  • the supervision circuit 1 can be used with a load circuit operating either with alternating or direct current.
  • the rectifier 15 and the diode 10 avoid any feedback from the load circuit to the supervision circuit 1.
  • the supervised contact 11 is part of a relay 16 which can be part of a safety critical application.
  • the top signal 20 corresponds to the signal A at the input of relay 16 of Fig. 1, meaning that in normal operation the relay is caused to switch, e.g. to close contact 11, if the logic level of signal A is "high".
  • Signal 21 corresponds to the voltage between points B and C in Fig. 1. Due to the rectifier 15 a rectified signal 21 is obtained if the contact 11 is in an open position. However, if contact 11 is closed, points B and C are at the same potential and therefore the signal decreases to 0.
  • Signal 22 corresponds to the voltage present between points D and C in Fig. 1, and thus to the voltage applied to the detection means 4.
  • Signal 23 corresponds to the output of the supervision circuit 1 at point E.
  • a first marker 24 is located in a position where the signal 20 is in a low state. This indicates that in normal operation the contact 11 should be open. Accordingly, in this state a rectified voltage lies between points B and C (see signal 21). The full voltage generated by optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 is applied to the input of optoelectronic coupler 7. Therefore, the signal at output E is at the logic level "low”. Another situation is shown at marker 25. A high voltage or the logic "high” level is applied to the relay 16. This causes the contact 11 to close and hence the voltage between B and C to decrease to 0. This also indicates, that a current is flowing to diode 10, thus reducing the voltage applied to input of the optoelectronic coupler 7 (signal 22).
  • an output signal 23 is generated by a detection means 4 present in a supervision circuit 1 also connected to said contact 11.
  • the output signal 23 changes depending on whether the contact 11 is open or closed. Thus, the state of the electrical contact 11 can be monitored.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zur Überwachung des Zustandes eines elektrischen Kontaktes (11), der in einem Lastkreis (12) vorhanden ist, in welchem ein Ausgangssignal (23) durch eine Erkennungseinrichtung (4) erzeugt wird, die in einem Überwachungskreis (1) vorhanden ist, der ebenfalls mit dem Kontakt (11) verbunden ist, und in welchem sich der Logikpegel des Ausgangssignals (23) in Abhängigkeit davon ändert, ob der Kontakt (11) offen oder geschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Spannung an der Erkennungseinrichtung (4) durch eine separate Spannungsversorgung (optoelektronische Koppler 2, 3) des Überwachungskreises (1) angelegt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Logikpegel des Ausgangssignals (23) "high" ist, wenn der Kontakt (11) geschlossen ist, und "low" ist, wenn der Kontakt (11) offen ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Spannung, die am Eingang der Erkennungseinrichtung (4) zum Erzeugen eines ersten Signalpegels des Ausgangssignals (23) angelegt ist, wenn kein Strom durch den überwachten Kontakt (11) fließt, auf eine zweite niedrigere Spannung verringert wird, wenn Strom durch den überwachten Kontakt (11) zum Erzeugen eines anderen Signalpegels des Ausgangssignals (23) fließt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Laststrom durch den Kontakt (11) gleichgerichtet wird.
  5. Überwachungskreis (1) zum Überwachen des Zustandes eines elektrischen Kontaktes (11) eines Lastkreises (12), wobei der Überwachungskreis (1), der eine Erkennungseinrichtung (4) umfaßt, ein Ausgangssignal (23) erzeugt, in welchem der zu überwachende Kontakt (11) mit dem Überwachungskreis (1) verbunden wird, und sich das Ausgangssignal (23) ändert, wenn sich der Zustand des Kontaktes (11) ändert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überwachungskreis (1) seine eigene Spannungsversorgung (optoelektronische Koppler 2,3) umfaßt, die eine Spannung an die Erkennungseinrichtung (4) anlegen.
  6. Überwachungskreis nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überwachungskreis (11) ebenfalls eine Diode (10) umfaßt, welche in Reihe mit dem überwachten Kontakt (11) zum Verringern der Spannung geschaltet ist, wenn ein Strom durch die Diode (10) und den überwachten Kontakt (11) fließt.
  7. Überwachungskreis nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannungsversorgung durch zwei optoelektronische Koppler (2, 3) realisiert wird, die in Reihe geschaltet sind.
  8. Überwachungskreis nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erkennungseinrichtung (4) einen optoelektronischen Koppler (7) umfaßt.
  9. Überwachungskreis nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lastkreis (12) eine Gleichrichterschaltung (15) umfaßt, insbesondere einen Graetz-Gleichrichter, zum Verbinden der Lastspannungsversorgung (13) mit dem überwachten Kontakt (11).
EP03360034A 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts Expired - Lifetime EP1453072B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES03360034T ES2268304T3 (es) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Metodo de supervision de un contacto electrico.
DE60306615T DE60306615T2 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts
EP03360034A EP1453072B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts
AT03360034T ATE332568T1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur überwachung eines elektrischen kontakts

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03360034A EP1453072B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1453072A1 EP1453072A1 (de) 2004-09-01
EP1453072B1 true EP1453072B1 (de) 2006-07-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03360034A Expired - Lifetime EP1453072B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1453072B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE332568T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60306615T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2268304T3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013106487A1 (de) 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Überwachungsschaltung zum Erkennen eines Schaltzustandes eines elektrischen Schaltkontaktes und Verfahren hierzu

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2876482B1 (fr) 2004-10-07 2007-01-12 Siemens Transp Systems Soc Par Dispositif d'envoi de commande de sortie securisee
CN100459000C (zh) * 2006-07-19 2009-02-04 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 爆炸开关状态检测装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376277A (en) * 1980-10-17 1983-03-08 Honeywell Inc. Dynamic contact checking circuit
DE3642233C2 (de) * 1986-12-10 1994-03-24 Steuerungselektronik Schoefman Einrichtung für die Selbstüberwachung von Relaiskontakten
US5031110A (en) * 1989-08-21 1991-07-09 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. System for monitoring electrical contact activity
EP0920038A1 (de) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 Electrowatt Technology Innovation AG Schaltung zur Überwachung eines Wechselstromschalters

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013106487A1 (de) 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Überwachungsschaltung zum Erkennen eines Schaltzustandes eines elektrischen Schaltkontaktes und Verfahren hierzu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2268304T3 (es) 2007-03-16
EP1453072A1 (de) 2004-09-01
ATE332568T1 (de) 2006-07-15
DE60306615T2 (de) 2006-11-23
DE60306615D1 (de) 2006-08-17

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