EP1453072A1 - Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1453072A1
EP1453072A1 EP03360034A EP03360034A EP1453072A1 EP 1453072 A1 EP1453072 A1 EP 1453072A1 EP 03360034 A EP03360034 A EP 03360034A EP 03360034 A EP03360034 A EP 03360034A EP 1453072 A1 EP1453072 A1 EP 1453072A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
voltage
circuit
output signal
supervised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03360034A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1453072B1 (de
Inventor
Heinz Telefont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Priority to ES03360034T priority Critical patent/ES2268304T3/es
Priority to EP03360034A priority patent/EP1453072B1/de
Priority to AT03360034T priority patent/ATE332568T1/de
Priority to DE60306615T priority patent/DE60306615T2/de
Publication of EP1453072A1 publication Critical patent/EP1453072A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1453072B1 publication Critical patent/EP1453072B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of supervising the state of an electrical contact present in a load circuit.
  • relay contacts In safety critical systems, the state (open or closed) of all kinds of electrical contacts (e.g. relay contacts) need to be supervised for detection of faults.
  • special relays are used, for example relays with guided contacts, that enable any detection of contact failures by supervising corresponding contacts.
  • This object is achieved by a method of supervising the state of an electrical contact present in a load circuit, wherein an output signal is generated by a detection means present in a supervision circuit which is also connected to said contact and wherein the output signal changes depending on whether the contact is open or closed.
  • a current is flowing through the contact and thus through the load circuit and the supervision circuit. If a current is flowing in the supervision circuit a first output signal corresponding to a first logic level is generated by the detection means. If the contact is open and thus if no current is flowing in the load circuit and the supervision circuit, a second output signal corresponding to a second logic level is generated by the detection means.
  • the output signal of the supervision circuit can therefore be used for monitoring the state of the supervised electrical contact. If the state of the electrical contact changes, the output signal changes. In other words, each signal level of the output signal corresponds to a state of the electrical contact.
  • the supervision circuit allows the use of cheap, commercial relays in safety critical applications.
  • the logic or signal level of the output signal is "high” if the contact is closed and “low” if the contact is open.
  • the logic levels generated at the output of the supervision circuit can be used in evaluation units supervising several electrical contacts.
  • a first voltage is applied to the input of the detection means for generating a first signal level of the output signal when no current is flowing through the supervised contact, wherein the first voltage is reduced to a second lower voltage if a current is flowing through the supervised contact for generating a different signal level of the output signal.
  • the reduction in voltage can be achieved by providing a diode in the supervision circuit. If the supervised contact is open, no current is flowing through the diode. In contrast, if the supervised contact is closed, a current is flowing through the diode and the supervised contact, thus pulling the first voltage down to the second voltage. The change in voltage is detected by the detection means and the output signal is changed accordingly. This method allows detection of the state of the supervised contact without any energy consumption from the load circuit.
  • the supervision circuit can be used with both, a load circuit operating with direct current and alternating current. It is also possible to design the supervision circuit such, that no feedback occurs from the load circuit to the supervision circuit and vice versa. Furthermore, if the load circuit is operated with direct current, no care must be taken when connecting the supervision circuit to the load circuit because the rectifier ensures that the current through the supervised contact will always be in the correct direction.
  • a supervision circuit for monitoring the state of an electrical contact of a load circuit, said supervision circuit comprising a detection means generating an output signal and also the contact to be supervised, wherein the output signal is altered if the state of the contact changes.
  • a supervision circuit can be designed with low energy consumption, and with almost no feedback between the supervision circuit and the load circuit.
  • the supervision circuit allows supervision of a potential-free contact without energy consumption from the load circuit.
  • the supervision circuit also comprises a voltage supply applying a voltage to the detection means and a diode which is connected in series with the supervised contact for reducing the voltage if a current flows through the diode and the supervised contact.
  • the change in voltage causes the output signal of the detection means to change.
  • the voltage supply can be realized particularly easily by two optoelectronic couplers connected in series.
  • the two optoelectronic couplers are supplied with a control current via a separate voltage supply.
  • a voltage of about 0,7 V is created between the base and emitter of each optoelectronic coupler.
  • a voltage of about 1.4 V is created.
  • the optoelectronic couplers are used as a controlled photoelectric cell. They generate a control voltage, which is independent from the voltage of the load circuit. Alternatively, specific integrated circuits can be used as voltage supply.
  • the detection means comprises a third optoelectronic coupler.
  • An optoelectronic coupler is very sensitive to the change of the voltage at its input. A relatively small change in input voltage causes a change in the output of the optoelectronic coupler and thus in the output of the supervision circuit. In particular, if the supervised contact is closed, a control current flows over a diode and thus the voltage over the third optoelectronic coupler decreases, that now blocks the corresponding output.
  • the use of an optoelectronic coupler as the detection means further has the advantage that the contact can be supervised dynamically, i.e. a change in the contact state is detected immediately.
  • the use of optoelectronic couplers has the advantage that different components can be at different potentials.
  • the input side of the optoelectronic couplers forming the power supply can be at a different potential as the supervision and load circuit and the output side of the third optoelectronic coupler can yet again be at a different potential.
  • the supervision circuit can be used with an alternating current or a direct current flowing in the load circuit because due to the rectifier the current through the supervised contact always flows in the same direction.
  • the use of a Graetz rectifier also prevents a feedback from the load circuit to the supervision circuit.
  • a supervision circuit 1 comprising a voltage supply implemented by two optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 connected in series and the detection means 4 connected in parallel with the power supply.
  • the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 are supplied with a control current by the voltage supply 5 via resistor 6.
  • the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 generate a voltage at their base-emitter junction of 0,7 V, respectively.
  • the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 connected in series thus are an energy source for the detection means 4 provided with an optoelectronic coupler 7.
  • the capacity 8 buffers the dc voltage supplied by optoelectronic couplers 2 and 3.
  • the voltage supply formed by the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 is highly resistive.
  • the diode of optoelectronic coupler 7 is connected in parallel to the transistors of the optoelectronic couplers 2, 3.
  • the photodiode of the optoelectronic coupler 7 causes the voltage to be stabilized.
  • the output of the optoelectronic coupler 7 is connected to a voltage source 5a via resistor 9. If the full voltage generated by optoelectronic coupler 2, 3 is supplied to the input of the detection means 4, the output of the optoelectronic coupler 7 is pulled down to 0 V. Hence, the output signal at the output port E takes the logic level "low".
  • a load circuit 12 is shown, comprising a power generator 14 generating an ac current. It further comprises a load resistance 13 connected to the supervised contact 11, via a rectifier circuit 15, in particular a Graetz rectifier.
  • the rectifier 15 ensures that the current flowing through contact 11 always flows in the same direction.
  • the supervision circuit 1 can be used with a load circuit operating either with alternating or direct current.
  • the rectifier 15 and the diode 10 avoid any feedback from the load circuit to the supervision circuit 1.
  • the supervised contact 11 is part of a relay 16 which can be part of a safety critical application.
  • the top signal 20 corresponds to the signal A at the input of relay 16 of Fig. 1, meaning that in normal operation the relay is caused to switch, e.g. to close contact 11, if the logic level of signal A is "high".
  • Signal 21 corresponds to the voltage between points B and C in Fig. 1. Due to the rectifier 15 a rectified signal 21 is obtained if the contact 11 is in an open position. However, if contact 11 is closed, points B and C are at the same potential and therefore the signal decreases to 0.
  • Signal 22 corresponds to the voltage present between points D and C in Fig. 1, and thus to the voltage applied to the detection means 4.
  • Signal 23 corresponds to the output of the supervision circuit 1 at point E.
  • a first marker 24 is located in a position where the signal 20 is in a low state. This indicates that in normal operation the contact 11 should be open. Accordingly, in this state a rectified voltage lies between points B and C (see signal 21). The full voltage generated by optoelectronic couplers 2, 3 is applied to the input of optoelectronic coupler 7. Therefore, the signal at output E is at the logic level "low”. Another situation is shown at marker 25. A high voltage or the logic "high” level is applied to the relay 16. This causes the contact 11 to close and hence the voltage between B and C to decrease to 0. This also indicates, that a current is flowing to diode 10, thus reducing the voltage applied to input of the optoelectronic coupler 7 (signal 22).
  • an output signal 23 is generated by a detection means 4 present in a supervision circuit 1 also connected to said contact 11.
  • the output signal 23 changes depending on whether the contact 11 is open or closed. Thus, the state of the electrical contact 11 can be monitored.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
EP03360034A 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts Expired - Lifetime EP1453072B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES03360034T ES2268304T3 (es) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Metodo de supervision de un contacto electrico.
EP03360034A EP1453072B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts
AT03360034T ATE332568T1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur überwachung eines elektrischen kontakts
DE60306615T DE60306615T2 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03360034A EP1453072B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1453072A1 true EP1453072A1 (de) 2004-09-01
EP1453072B1 EP1453072B1 (de) 2006-07-05

Family

ID=32749017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03360034A Expired - Lifetime EP1453072B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Kontakts

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1453072B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE332568T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60306615T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2268304T3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2876482A1 (fr) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-14 Siemens Transp Systems Soc Par Dispositif d'envoi de commande de sortie securisee
CN100459000C (zh) * 2006-07-19 2009-02-04 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 爆炸开关状态检测装置
CN105556628A (zh) * 2013-06-21 2016-05-04 Wago管理有限责任公司 用于识别电气的开关触点的开关状态的监控线路和为此的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376277A (en) * 1980-10-17 1983-03-08 Honeywell Inc. Dynamic contact checking circuit
DE3642233A1 (de) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-23 Steuerungselektronik Schoefman Einrichtung fuer die selbstueberwachung von relaiskontakten
US5031110A (en) * 1989-08-21 1991-07-09 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. System for monitoring electrical contact activity
US6486647B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2002-11-26 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Circuit for monitoring an alternative current power switch

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376277A (en) * 1980-10-17 1983-03-08 Honeywell Inc. Dynamic contact checking circuit
DE3642233A1 (de) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-23 Steuerungselektronik Schoefman Einrichtung fuer die selbstueberwachung von relaiskontakten
US5031110A (en) * 1989-08-21 1991-07-09 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. System for monitoring electrical contact activity
US6486647B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2002-11-26 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Circuit for monitoring an alternative current power switch

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 232 (E - 765) 29 May 1989 (1989-05-29) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2876482A1 (fr) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-14 Siemens Transp Systems Soc Par Dispositif d'envoi de commande de sortie securisee
US7550868B2 (en) 2004-10-07 2009-06-23 Siemens Transportation Systems Sas Device for despatching a secure output command
CN100459000C (zh) * 2006-07-19 2009-02-04 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 爆炸开关状态检测装置
CN105556628A (zh) * 2013-06-21 2016-05-04 Wago管理有限责任公司 用于识别电气的开关触点的开关状态的监控线路和为此的方法
US9989594B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2018-06-05 Wago Verwaltungesellschaft Mbh Monitoring circuit for detecting a switching state of an electrical switching contact and method therefor
CN105556628B (zh) * 2013-06-21 2019-05-28 Wago管理有限责任公司 用于识别电气的开关触点的开关状态的监控线路和为此的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2268304T3 (es) 2007-03-16
ATE332568T1 (de) 2006-07-15
EP1453072B1 (de) 2006-07-05
DE60306615T2 (de) 2006-11-23
DE60306615D1 (de) 2006-08-17

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