EP1448423B1 - Device and method for detecting rail movement - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for holding a transmitter and a receiver for detecting a deformation state of a component. The device includes a first holding part and a first receptacle, the transmitter being disposed on the first holding part via the first receptacle, wherein the first receptacle and the first holding part, together with the component, form at least one of a first connecting element, a first clamp, a first positive fit joint, a first glued joint, and a first welded joint. The device also includes a second holding part and a second receptacle, the receiver being disposed on the second holding part using the via receptacle, wherein the second receptacle and the second holding part, together with the component, form at least one of a second connecting element, a second clamp, a second positive fit joint, a second glued joint, and a second welded joint.

Description

The invention relates to a device for a transmitter and a receiver for detecting various states of deformation of a component, which are arranged independently of one another at a distance from each other via a receptacle on the component. European Patent Application EP 0 352 464 A discloses such a device.

A deformation transducer from international application WO 01/18487 A1 is already known, in which a transmitter and a receiver for measuring deformation states are jointly arranged on a plate. The plate is in this case attached via at least one clamping element to a component, wherein the clamping element has two pointed or round bearing parts and at least one bore corresponding to the plate.

The invention has the object of providing a holding device for a transmitter-receiver unit in such a way and to arrange that a simple and accurate installation is guaranteed.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the transmitter are arranged via a first receptacle on a first holding part and the receiver via a second receptacle on a second holding part, wherein the respective receptacle and the respective holding part one or more connecting elements or one or more clamping and form a positive connection or an adhesive connection or a welded connection with the component. This ensures that transmitter and receiver are arranged independently of each other on the component, wherein the receptacle for the transmitter and the receiver serves as part of the clamp connection at the same time. By integrating the recording in the clamping device, a deformation of the recording and thus an adjustment of the transmitter or the receiver is generated during the clamping process. The independence of transmitter and receiver receiver or holding part ensures an influence-free deformation absorption of the component. Neither transmitter nor receiver absorb a force generated by the deformation of the component.

It is also advantageous for this that the recording and the Holding part have a corresponding fit, wherein the fit as a tongue and groove connection and / or as a dowel pin is trained. By fitting the assembly effort or the Justieraufwand the recording on the holding part a minimum reduced.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the inclusion as a claw trained and by means of a pen and / or Screw connection is connected to the holding part, wherein the receptacle and / or the holding part as a bolt, Screw and / or cam trained clamping element has, which is in operative connection with the component. By using an additional clamping element can the recording regardless of the clamp connection on the Holding part to be attached. About the independent Clamping element, the recording together with the holding part be moved relative to the component, without the connection between receiving and holding part must be solved.

Of particular importance for the present invention, that the receptacle is a holding element for the transmitter and / or having the receiver, wherein the retaining element as a bore is formed and trained as a cap nut Fixing element for the transmitter and / or the receiver having. The training as precision drilling ensures optimal protection for the transmitter or the receiver, with sufficient length of the bore in this can be inserted and sunk there.

It is also advantageous that the first recording for the Transmitter and the second receiver for the receiver at least a corresponding, via a mounting aid in Having connectable adjustment surface, wherein the Adjustment surface as a groove, bore and / or chamfer is formed and the mounting aid with the adjustment surface corresponding adjusting elements such as a spring or a Pen. This allows a station recording and a receiver recording in a simple way relative aligned with each other. The mounting aid can for Any recordings find use and need not be at the Device remain behind.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that in a measuring range of Component are provided several receptacles, wherein the Receiver via an evaluation unit in operative connection stand.

An additional possibility is according to a development, that several on opposite sides of the component arranged transmitter-receiver pairs are provided. In the Use of the device for measuring track systems the transmitters and receivers are on each opposite sides of the rail, so with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rail on the right and the left Side of the rail, provided and extend over a track section to be measured between 3 m and 30 m.

Finally, it is advantageous that a measurement current generated by the receiver is transformed into a measurement voltage within the evaluation unit and the change in angle between transmitter and receiver on which the voltage change is based is determined according to the following formula: U 1 - U 2 U 1 + U 2 = Δα 1

In this connection, it is advantageous that the loading forces F _Q , F _Y on which the component is deformed are determined at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the component according to the following formula: F Q = Δα 1 + Δα 2 2 F Y = Δα 1 - Δα 2 Δα 1 + Δα 2 where F _{Q is} the force in the direction of the perpendicular and F _{Y is} the force perpendicular thereto and α ₁ , α _{2 is} the angular change of at least two different transceiver pairs, one-sided and / or opposite with respect to the Y-direction on the component are arranged.

It is also advantageous for this purpose that the deformation .DELTA.X of the Component is proportional to the detected angle change Δα and is detected as a function of the component length L, wherein the area of a so determined Deformation graph "X over L" by a Averaging ΔX 'of all one load cycle too Underlying deformation graphs is normalized and the Ratio of deformation ΔX to normalized Deformation ΔX 'is calculated. For standardization will be all corresponding to a normal load Averaging deformation graphs. The one of a normal Deformation of deviant graphene will not considered, as these are the overall result of the middle Falsify load graphs. Thus, all Factors such as temperature, track bed condition, Material quality and basic load of the component eliminated, giving a representation of a relative to the basic load standing deformation of the component is guaranteed.

Finally, it is advantageous that the connecting element from the positionable under the rail foot holding part and one at this height arranged, from two Legs formed receiving part, wherein in the one leg at least two screws screwed are, with the one screw against the component or the Rail foot can be applied and the other screw part one firm connection between the holding part and the component or the rail makes, the second leg against the holding part can be pressed via at least one screw.

Figur 1a

eine schematische Darstellung einer Schiene mit einem Sender und einem Empfänger;

Figur 1b

eine schematische Darstellung der Schiene mit einer Sender-Empfänger-Einheit;

Figur 2

eine schematische Darstellung der Schiene im Querschnitt mit einer Aufnahme und einem Halteteil;

Figur 3

eine schematische Darstellung der Schiene mit der Aufnahme und einer Montagehilfe;

Figur 4a

eine schematische Darstellung der Schiene mit dem Sender, dem Empfänger und einem Messstrahl;

Figur 4b

eine schematische Darstellung des Senders und des Empfängers mit neutralem Messstrahl;

Figur 4c

eine schematische Darstellung des Senders und des Empfängers mit abgelenktem Messstrahl;

Figur 4d

eine schematische Darstellung des Senders und des Empfängers in der Seitenansicht mit abgelenktem Messstrahl;

Figur 5

den Empfänger mit Stromabgriff und Teil der Auswerteeinheit;

Figur 6

eine schematische Darstellung der Schiene im Querschnitt mit gegenüber angeordneten Empfängern und abgelenktem Messstrahl;

Figur 7

Messgraph zweier Räder mit An- und Abfahrt;

Figur 8

eine schematische Darstellung eines Gleisbetts mit mehreren Sender-Empfänger-Einheiten und zwei Detektionsschalter-Paare;

Figur 9a1

Messgraph einer Biegelinie zwischen zwei Schwellen über der Zeit t;

Figur 9a2

Messgraph einer Biegelinie zwischen zwei Schwellen über dem Weg s;

Figur 9b1

Messgraph einer Biegelinie zwischen zwei Schwellen über dem Weg s mit Flachstelle;

Figur 9b2

Korrekturgraph für eine Biegelinie zwischen zwei Schwellen über dem Weg s;

Figur 9c1

Korrekturgraph für mehrere Messstellen über dem Weg s;

Figur 9c2

Messgraph mehrerer Messstellen über dem Weg s;

Figur 9d

Darstellung des Verhältnisses von Messgraph zu Korrekturgraph über dem Weg s;

Figur 9e1

Darstellung einer Auftragung des Rades durch ein Belastungsplateau;

Figur 9e2

Darstellung einer Polygone des Rades durch ein Belastungsschaubild;

Figur 9e3

Darstellung einer Unrundheit des Rades durch ein Belastungsschaubild;

Figur 9e4

Darstellung einer Flachstelle des Rades durch ein Belastungsschaubild.

Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the figures. It shows:

FIG. 1a

a schematic representation of a rail with a transmitter and a receiver;

FIG. 1b

a schematic representation of the rail with a transmitter-receiver unit;

FIG. 2

a schematic representation of the rail in cross section with a receptacle and a holding part;

FIG. 3

a schematic representation of the rail with the recording and a mounting aid;

FIG. 4a

a schematic representation of the rail with the transmitter, the receiver and a measuring beam;

FIG. 4b

a schematic representation of the transmitter and the receiver with a neutral measuring beam;

Figure 4c

a schematic representation of the transmitter and the receiver with deflected measuring beam;

FIG. 4d

a schematic representation of the transmitter and the receiver in the side view with deflected measuring beam;

FIG. 5

the receiver with power tap and part of the evaluation unit;

FIG. 6

a schematic representation of the rail in cross-section with opposed receivers and deflected measuring beam;

FIG. 7

Measuring graph of two wheels with arrival and departure;

FIG. 8

a schematic representation of a track bed with multiple transceiver units and two detection switch pairs;

FIG. 9a1

Measuring graph of a bending line between two thresholds over time t;

FIG. 9a2

Measuring graph of a bending line between two sleepers over the path s;

FIG. 9b1

Measuring graph of a bending line between two sleepers over the path s with flat position;

FIG. 9b2

Correction graph for a bend line between two thresholds over the path s;

FIG. 9c1

Correction graph for several measuring points over the path s;

FIG. 9c2

Measuring graph of several measuring points over the path s;

FIG. 9d

Representation of the ratio of measurement graph to correction graph over the path s;

FIG. 9e1

Representation of a plot of the wheel through a loading plateau;

FIG. 9e2

Representation of a polygon of the wheel through a load diagram;

FIG. 9e3

Representation of an out-of-roundness of the wheel through a load diagram;

FIG. 9e4

Representation of a flat spot of the wheel through a load diagram.

In Figure 1a is a railroad rail 70 with a Rail head 71 and a rail foot 72 in the Side view shown. On the rail 70 acts a Loading force F of a wheel 73 of a not shown Passenger or freight train. The force F is here on Point P introduced into the rail. About the points P1 and P2 or the thresholds 75, 75 ', the force F in the idealized illustrated substrate 76, 76 'and the Track bed derived in the form of a surface pressure. By the load F is a deformation of the rail 70 and of the elastic track bed, via a transmitter 2 and a receiver 3 is recorded.

The transmitter 2 or the receiver 3 is here in one first receptacle 20 and a second receptacle 30th provided, which via a first holding part 21 or via a second holding part 31 on the rail foot 72 of the rail 70th are arranged. Here, the first recording 20 and the second receptacle 30 of the load F generated deformation of the rail 70 and deformation of the Rail foot 72 follow and thus the deformation cycle take up. To record the deformation cycle is between the transmitter 2 and the first recording 20 and the Receiver 3 and the second receptacle 30 no force transferred so that the deformation cycle lossless or is determined without influence.

According to FIG. 1b, a unitary transmitter-receiver unit is provided 32 arranged in the region of the rail foot 72. The Transmitter-receiver unit 32 can be used as Strain gauge and / or be designed as a light guide, which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rail.

FIG. 1c shows two transceiver units 32, 32 '. with respect to the longitudinal direction of the rail 70 opposite arranged. The attachment is again at the respective Rail foot 72 and 72 '. The respective transmitter-receiver unit 32 is here over the entire length between the Threshold 75 and the threshold 75 'provided.

In Figure 2, the first receptacle 20 for the transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 on the rail foot 72 of the rail 70th arranged. The first receptacle 20 has this one Screw 22 with a first holding part 21. In addition to the screw 22, the first receptacle 20th with the first holding part 21, a fit 40, the off a spring 42 of the first receptacle 20 and a groove 41 of the first holding part 21 consists. By the Screw 22, the spring 42 in the groove 41st pressed so that at the junction between the first receptacle 20 and the first holding part 21 a positive connection is ensured.

The first receptacle 20 is substantially L-shaped formed and has a first leg 20.1 and a second leg 20.2. Between the second Leg 20.2 and the first holding part 21 is the Fit 40 provided with the spring 42 and the groove 41. The Spring 42 is on the second leg 20.2 of the first Receiving 20 and the groove 41 is on the first holding part 21st arranged. By the fit 40 is next to the Screw 22 a positive connection between the first receptacle 20 and the first holding part 21 guaranteed.

The connecting element may be from under the rail foot placeable holding part and one at this höhenbeweglich arranged, formed from two legs receiving part exist, wherein in the one leg at least two Screws are screwed, with one screw against the component or the rail foot can be applied and that other screw part a firm connection between the Holding part and the component or the rail manufactures, wherein the second leg against the holding part over at least a screw is pressable.

The first leg 20.1 of the first receptacle 20 has a formed as a bore holding member 24, the Recording of the transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 is used. to Fixation of the transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 is not a illustrated trained as a cap nut fixing element provided, which on the front side of the transmitter or the Receiver is arranged. The screw 22 is passed through the first leg 20.1 and engages in a Thread 21.1 of the first holding part 21 a.

In addition to the screw 22 and the fitting 40 is a Clamping element 23 is provided, which via a thread 23.1 the rail foot 72 is guided. That as a screw trained clamping element 23 thus braces the first Recording 20 via the first holding part 21 against the Rail foot 72. By the fit 40 is a clear Position of the second leg 20.2 relative to the first Holding part 21 ensures. By the biasing force of the Clamping element 23 is a bending force in the second Leg 20.2 initiated, leading to deformation and thus to an adjustment of the retaining element 24 for the Transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 leads.

On the opposite side of the rail 70 has the first holding part 21, a second groove 41 ', the Fixation of another recording, not shown serves.

According to Figure 3, the first receptacle 20 and the first Holding part 21 provided in the region of the rail foot 72. In addition to the first holding part 21, a second holding part 31 shown for receiving the second receptacle 30 for the receiver 3 is used. For mounting the first receptacle 20 or the second receptacle 30 is an assembly aid 51 intended. The mounting aid 51 has Adjusting elements 52, 52 ', which with an adjustment surface 50th the first holding part 21 and an adjusting surface 50 'of the second holding part 31 are connectable. The Adjusting elements 52, 52 'are in this case pin-shaped trained and engage in the trained as a bore Justierflächen 50 and 50 'a.

According to Figure 3, the adjustment surface 50 and the Adjusting surface 50 'on the bottom of the first Holding part 21 and the second holding part 31 is provided. It is also possible, the Justierflächen 50, 50 'on a other side surface of the receptacle 20 and / or the To provide holding part 21.

The schematic diagram according to FIG. 4a shows a rail 70 with the two thresholds 75, 75 'and a transmitter 2 and a receiver 3. The transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 are via a first receptacle 20 and a second receptacle 30, respectively the rail 70 is arranged. At the still unloaded Rail hits the emitted from the transmitter 2 measuring beam. 4 approximately in the middle of the receiver 3 or not shown receiver surface on. According to Figure 4b meets the Measuring beam 4 at the point E1 of the receiver 3, the Represents zero point. No measurement signal is generated.

In FIG. 4c, a load F1 results in a Deformation of the rail 70. As a result, the transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 in their relative position accordingly the deflection of the rail 70 by an angle adl twisted each other. The measuring beam 4 then hits at the Receiver 3 at a position E2, a distance ds1 to point E1. This will be a measurement signal generated, the distance between the point E1 and the Point E2 on the receiver 3 or a receiver surface 3.1 equivalent.

The distance which is denoted ds1 according to FIG. 4d is proportional to the angle change da1 and therefore proportional for force change df1 between a rest position according to FIG. 4a and the load state according to FIG. 4c.

According to FIG. 5, the change in position of the measuring beam 4 on the receiver 3 or its receiver surface 3.1 is shown from E1 to E2. This position change generates a measuring current I1 or I2, which is transformed by the evaluation unit 60 into a measuring voltage U1 or U2. The angular change da1 proportional to the deformation or to the force input is calculated according to the following formula: U 1 - U 2 U 1 + U 2 = Δα 1 = Δ S 1 = Δ F 1

According to FIG. 6, a traversing wheel 73 generates, on the one hand, a normal force F _Q and, on the other hand, a transverse force F _Y , where F _Y extends both at right angles to F _Q and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the rail 70. To detect both transverse forces F _Q and F _Y two transmitter-receiver units 32, 32 'are required, each with a receiver 3, 3', which are provided with respect to the rail 70 on opposite sides. Accordingly, F _Q and F _{Y are} calculated according to the following formulas: F Q = Δα 1 + Δα 2 2 F Y = Δα 1 - Δα 2 Δα 1 + Δα 2

In Figure 7, the measurement signal of a double Loading cycle shown. Before reaching the measuring point the wheel load generates a relief of the rail 70 in the Area of the measuring point, as the adjacent Rail section is loaded. The measuring signal has a Signal drop L1 on. With reaching the measuring point jumps the measuring signal is analogous to the load at the measuring point a first maximum M1, which after passing through the first Rades drops again. Subsequently, the measurement signal increases with passage of the second wheel back to a second Maximum value M2. After the passage of the second wheel In turn, there is a signal drop analogous to the approach.

In Figure 8 is shown schematically from above Track bed with a threshold 75 and a pair Rails 70, 70 'shown. With reference to the direction of travel of the train is to the left of the transceiver unit 32 or 32 ', a digital or analog detection switch 80 provided on each rail side six transmitter-receiver units 32 follow. The transmitter-receiver units 32 are alternately on the inside and the outside of the rail 70. these can alternatively only on the inside or only on the Be arranged outside. Then another is Detection switch 81 'is provided. By means of Detection switch 81, 81 ', the speed of the Train, the number and the relative position of the wheels determined and the measuring section is activated or deactivated become.

The measuring graph G shown in FIG. 9a1, between two thresholds 75, 75 'or between the centers of the two Thresholds 75, 75 'was determined, is in accordance with Figure 9a2 in divided into five specific measuring points. The specific ones Measuring points P3 to P7 serve for further signal processing or correlation with a correction graph according to FIG. 9b2.

FIG. 9b1 shows a measuring graph G with a first one relative maximum R1 and a second relative Maximum R2. These relative maxima are due to a Flat location of the wheel and the resulting Alternating load of the rail generated. The flat place leads to a brief drop in the load and thus to a relative minimum F of the graph G.

To achieve an independent comparison graph or Correction graph K will be a good bike for everyone graph showing a correction graph K, the is shown in Figure 9b2. The correction graph K is the same an average load cycle of a perfect wheel per sensor and per train crossing and therefore has neither relative maxima nor relative minima on.

In Figure 9c1 is the series of all correction graphs K1 to K6 represented by six consecutive measuring points. The Measuring points cover a rail section of approx. 3,60 m from. This length corresponds to at least one Wheel circumference. The measuring sections overlap each other each 100 mm to each side, leaving a gapless Recording the load over the entire rail section is guaranteed. In Figure 9c2 are by the Wheel load cycles generated standard load graph N1 to N6 for each measuring point 1 to 6 shown. Per Standard load graph N is about 1/6 of the circumference of the wheel shown. The first half of the measured wheel points Accordingly, a flat spot F on, according to FIG 9b1 a Order A follows.

FIG. 9d shows the ratio of standard load graph N to correction graph K for a wheel circumference as a load plateau, which ensures a percentage representation of the rail load with reference to the basic load. The standard load graph N according to FIG. 9e here represents the mean value of all the measuring graphs G of a train crossing normalized to the mean surface area. Irregularities of the respective wheel or of the measurement graph G are thereby retained. The standard load graph N and the reciprocal value of the correction graph K are superimposed here according to FIG. 9 e and have a common mirror value S, with the aid of which the ratio according to FIG. 9 d is determined according to the following formula: Q = S - N 1 K - S

According to FIG. 9f, specific wheel defects per Recognize wheel rotation based on the generated measurement graphs. To Figure 9e1 is a plot on the wheel, the initially generates an overload. In the graph according to 9e2 are relatively high frequency, symmetric Stress changes that indicate polygons. FIG. 9e3 shows a typical signal of out-of-roundness of the wheel, the leads to a symmetric graph of low frequency nature. Figure 9e4 shows a typical flat of the wheel, the first a load drop and then a Overload generated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

component

2

transmitter

3

receiver

3 '

receiver

3.1

receiver surface

4

measuring beam

11

opposite side

12

opposite side

20

first recording

20.1

first leg

20.2

second leg

21

first holding part

21.1

thread

22

screw

23

clamping element

23.1

thread

24

retaining element

30

second shot

31

second holding part

32

Transceiver unit

32 '

Transceiver unit

40

fit

41

groove

41 '

groove

42

feather

50

adjustment surface

50 '

adjustment surface

51

mounting aid

52

adjusting

52 '

adjusting

60

evaluation

70

rail

70 '

rail

71

railhead

72

rail

72 '

rail

73

wheel

75

Threshold, camp

75 '

Threshold, camp

80

detection switch

80 '

detection switch

81

detection switch

81 '

detection switch

Claims (16)

1. A device for a transmitter (2) and a receiver (3) to record different deformation states of an assembly part (1), which are arranged separately at a distance from each other using a retainer (20, 30) on the assembly part (1), characterized therein, that the transmitter (2) is arranged using a first retainer (20) on a first holding component (21), and the receiver (3) is arranged using a second retainer (30) on a second holding component (31), each retainer (20, 30) and each holding component (21, 31) forming one or more connecting elements or one or more clamping and form-fit connections, or one adhesive connection or one welded connection with the assembly part (1).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized therein, that the transmitter (2) and the receiver (3) form a deformation sensor, which is arranged directly on a track foot (72) of the assembly part (1) in the form of a railway track in the longitudinal direction of the railway track.
3. A device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized therein, that the retainer (20, 30) and the holding component (21, 31) comprise a corresponding fit (40).
4. A device according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized therein, that the fit (40) takes the form of a groove and tongue connection and/or a fitting pin.
5. A device according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized therein, that the retainer (20, 30) takes the form of a claw and is connected via a pin and/or a screw connection (22) to the holding component (21, 31).
6. A device according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterized therein, that the retainer (20, 30) and/or the holding component (21) comprises a clamping element (23), which is effectively connected to the holding component (1).
7. A device according to one of claims 1 - 6, characterized therein, that the clamping element (23) takes the form of a bolt, screw and/or cam.
8. A device according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterized therein, that the retainer (20, 30) comprises a holding component (24) for the transmitter (2) and/or the receiver (3).
9. A device according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterized therein, that the holding component (24) takes the form of a bore hole, and comprises a fastening element in the form of a cap nut for the transmitter (2) and/or the receiver (3).
10. A device according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized therein, that the first retainer (20) for the transmitter (2) and the second retainer (30) for the receiver (3) comprise at least one corresponding adjusting surface (50) which can be connected using a mounting aid (51).
11. A device according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized therein, that the adjusting surface (50) takes the form of a groove, a bore hole and/or a chamfer, the mounting aid (51) comprising corresponding adjusting elements (52) with the adjusting surface (50).
12. A device according to one of claims 1 - 11, characterized therein, that in a measuring range of the assembly part (1), several retainers (20, 30) are fitted, the receiver (3) being effectively connected via an evaluation unit (60).
13. A device according to one of claims 1 - 12, characterized therein, that several transmitter (2) - receiver (3) pairs are fitted, which are arranged on opposite sides (11, 12) of the assembly part (1).
14. A procedure for measuring the deformation of an assembly part using the device according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized by the following procedural steps:

    a) a measuring current generated by the receiver (3) is transformed into a measuring voltage within the evaluation unit (60)

    b) the change of angle which causes the change in voltage between the transmitter (2) and the receiver (3) is determined according to the following formula: U 1 - U 2 U 1 + U 2 = Δα1

    c) the loads F_Q, F_Y which cause the deformation of the assembly part at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the assembly part are determined according to the following formula: F Q = Δα1 + Δα2 2 F Y = Δα1 - Δα2 Δα1 + Δα2 wherein F_Q the load is in a perpendicular direction and F_Y the load runs at right angles, and α₁, α₂ is the change in angle of at least two different transmitter (2) - receiver (3) pairs, which are arranged in reference to the Y-direction on one side of the assembly part (1) and/or opposite each other.
15. A procedure according to claim 14, characterized by the following procedural steps:

    a) the deformation ΔX of the assembly part is proportional to the recorded change of angle Δα and is recorded in relation to the length of the assembly part L

    b) the surface area of a deformation graph "X over L" determined in this way is scaled by an average ΔX' of all the deformation graphs on which a load cycle is based

    c) the relationship between the deformation ΔX and the scaled deformation ΔX' is calculated
16. A device according to claim 1, characterized therein, that the connecting element consists of the holding component (21) which can be positioned underneath the track foot (72) and a retainer component (20) which is attached to this in a height-adjustable manner and which is formed by two arms (20.1, 20.2), wherein at least two screws (22, 23) can be screwed into one arm, wherein one screw (23) can be positioned against the assembly part (1) or the track foot (72), and the other screw component (22) creates a fixed connection between the holding component (21) and the assembly part (1) or track (70), it being possible to press the second arm (20.2) against the holding component (21) via at least one screw (22).

Images