EP1447569B1 - Device for pressure generation - Google Patents

Device for pressure generation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447569B1
EP1447569B1 EP04000839A EP04000839A EP1447569B1 EP 1447569 B1 EP1447569 B1 EP 1447569B1 EP 04000839 A EP04000839 A EP 04000839A EP 04000839 A EP04000839 A EP 04000839A EP 1447569 B1 EP1447569 B1 EP 1447569B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
compression
stages
pressure stages
pistons
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP04000839A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1447569A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Ress
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Loewenstein Medical Technology GmbH and Co KG
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Loewenstein Medical Technology GmbH and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B3/00Machines or pumps with pistons coacting within one cylinder, e.g. multi-stage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00Multi-stage pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00Multi-stage pumps
    • F04B25/02Multi-stage pumps of stepped piston type

Abstract

The device has two compression phases (1,2) that are switched into a row for compressing gas. Each compression phase is provided with a flask (4,5) that leads in a compression cylinder (6,7). A valve block (3) is arranged between the compression phases which are coupled such that the longitudinal axes of the flasks run on a common straight line.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Druckerzeugung, die mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Druckstufen zur Komprimierung eines Gases aufweist und bei der jede Druckstufe mit mindestens einem Kolben versehen ist, der in einem Kompressionszylinder geführt ist, und bei der die Druckstufen über einen Ventilblock miteinander gekoppelt sind, der zwischen den Druckstufen angeordnet ist, sowie bei der Längsachsen der Kolben im wesentlichen auf einer gemeinsamen Geraden verlaufenThe invention relates to a device for generating pressure, which has at least two pressure stages connected in series for compressing a gas and in which each pressure stage is provided with at least one piston, which is guided in a compression cylinder, and in which the pressure stages are coupled together via a valve block , Which is arranged between the pressure stages, as well as extend in the longitudinal axes of the pistons substantially on a common straight line

Derartige vorrichtungen werden häufig eingesetzt, um ein Gas ausgehend von einem Umgebungsdruck auf ein Hochdruckniveau zu komprimieren. Die Verwendung von mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Druckstufen führt hierbei zu einer Erhöhung der Verfahrenseffektivität gegenüber von einstufigen verdichtern. Die bekannten mehrstufigen Verdichter weisen in der Regel ein großes Bauvolumen und eine hohe Betriebslautstärke auf. Darüber hinaus ist die überwiegende Anzahl der bekannten mehrstufigen Verdichter dafür vorgesehen, ein großes Fördervolumen bei verhältnismäßig geringen Drücken zu erzeugen.Such devices are often used to compress a gas from an ambient pressure to a high pressure level. The use of several series-connected pressure stages leads to an increase in the process efficiency over single-stage compressors. The known multi-stage compressors usually have a large volume and a high operating volume on. In addition, the vast majority of known multi-stage compressors are designed to produce a large displacement at relatively low pressures.

Aus der US 464,223 A ist eine Vorrichtung zur Druckerzeugung bekannt, bei der zwei in Reihe geschaltete Druckstufen zur Komprimierung eines Gases verwendet sind. Jede Druckstufe ist mit einem Kolben versehen, der in einem Kompressionszylinder geführt ist. Die Kolben sind entlang einer gemeinsamen Längsachse in einem Ventilblock angeordnet. Die Vorrichtung dient als Kompressor zur Bereitstellung von Druckluft.US Pat. No. 4,643,223 A discloses a pressure generating device in which two pressure stages connected in series are used to compress a gas. Each pressure stage is provided with a piston which is guided in a compression cylinder. The pistons are arranged along a common longitudinal axis in a valve block. The device serves as a compressor for providing compressed air.

In der US 236,992 A wird ein weiterer Druckluftkompressor beschrieben, bei dem eine Mehrzahl von Kompressionskolben entlang einer gemeinsamen Achse angeordnet sind.In US 236992 A another air compressor is described in which a plurality of compression pistons are arranged along a common axis.

Aus der US-A 4,639,197 ist eine zweistufige Pumpe für flüssigen Stickstoff bekannt, die in einem Druckbereich von etwa 200 bar arbeitet.From US-A 4,639,197 a two-stage pump for liquid nitrogen is known, which operates in a pressure range of about 200 bar.

In der US-A-2,034,159 wird ein von einem Kurbelantrieb betätigter Gaskompressor beschrieben.In US-A-2,034,159 a crank-operated gas compressor is described.

Aus der US-A-5,984,642 ist ein mehrstufiger Kompressor bekannt, der zur Bereitstellung von Drücken bis zu etwa 15.000 bar ausgebildet ist.From US-A-5,984,642 a multi-stage compressor is known, which is designed to provide pressures up to about 15,000 bar.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung der einleitend genannten Art derart zu konstruieren, daß eine kompakte Gerätegestaltung bei hohem Wirkungsgrad bereitgestellt wird.The object of the present invention is to construct a device of the initially mentioned type such that a compact device design is provided with high efficiency.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Vorrichtung zur Druckerzeugung eine Druckgasflasche und einen Sauerstoffkonzentrator aufweist, wobei die Druckstufen zur Komprimierung von Sauerstoff und für eine Befüllung der Druckgasflaschen ausgebildet sind und daß ein Eingangsanschluß des ventilblockes mit dem Sauerstoffkonzentrator gekoppelt ist.This object is achieved in that the device for generating pressure has a compressed gas cylinder and an oxygen concentrator, wherein the pressure stages for compressing oxygen and for filling the compressed gas cylinders are formed and that an input terminal of the valve block is coupled to the oxygen concentrator.

Durch die Kopplung der Druckstufen mit Hilfe eines Ventilblocks, der zwischen den Druckstufen angeordnet ist, werden lange interne oder externe Verbindungsleitungen zwischen den Druckstufen vermieden. Hierdurch wird sowohl eine kompakte Gestaltung unterstützt als auch die Größe von Totvolumen reduziert. Die Anordnung der Längsachsen der Kolben entlang einer gemeinsamen Geraden führt zu einer einfachen Steuerbarkeit der Vorrichtung, zu einer hohen mechanischen Stabilität sowie zu einer hohen Standsicherheit.By coupling the pressure stages by means of a valve block, which is arranged between the pressure stages, long internal or external connecting lines between the pressure stages are avoided. This supports both a compact design and reduces the size of dead volume. The arrangement of the longitudinal axes of the piston along a common straight line leads to a simple controllability of the device, to a high mechanical stability and to a high stability.

Eine einfache Bewegungskopplung der Kolben wird dadurch unterstützt, daß die Druckstufen auf einander abgewandten Seiten des ventilblockes angeordnet sind.A simple movement coupling of the piston is supported by the fact that the pressure stages are arranged on opposite sides of the valve block.

Eine vorteilhafte Verdichtung wird dadurch unterstützt, daß die erste Druckstufe mit einem relativ zu einem Kompressionsraum der zweiten Druckstufe größer dimensionierten Kompressionsraum versehen ist.An advantageous compression is supported by the fact that the first pressure stage is provided with a larger compression space relative to a compression space of the second pressure stage.

Zur vermeidung von unerwünschten Rückströmvorgängen wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Druckstufen von einem verbindungskanal miteinander verbunden sind, in dessen Bereich ein Rückschlagventil angeordnet ist.To avoid unwanted Rückströmvorgängen it is proposed that the pressure stages of a connecting channel are interconnected, in the area of which a check valve is arranged.

Eine zeitliche Vergleichsmäßigung des Energieaufwandes für die Durchführung der Verdichtung wird dadurch unterstützt, daß die Kolben zur Durchführung von zeitlich phasenversetzt verlaufenden Kornpressionsvorgängen in den Druckstufen von einer Kolbenstange starr miteinander verbunden sind.A temporal comparison of the energy consumption for carrying out the compression is assisted by the fact that the pistons are rigidly connected to each other for performing temporally out of phase extending compression processes in the compression stages of a piston rod.

Eine typische Dimensionierung besteht darin, daß die Reihenschaltung der Druckstufen für eine Verdichtung auf ein Druckniveau von etwa 200 bar ausgebildet sind.A typical dimensioning is that the series connection of the pressure stages for compression to a pressure level of about 200 bar are formed.

Darüber hinaus ist daran gedacht, daß die Druckstufen eine Durchflußmenge von etwa 1 Liter pro Minute an der ersten Druckstufe zugeführtem unkomprimierten Gas ausgebildet sind.In addition, it is contemplated that the pressure stages are designed to be a flow rate of about 1 liter per minute of uncompressed gas supplied to the first pressure stage.

Ein mechanischer Antrieb wird dadurch bereitgestellt, daß die Kolben mit einem Kurbelantrieb verbunden sind.A mechanical drive is provided by connecting the pistons to a crank drive.

Eine andere Antriebsvariante besteht darin, daß die Kolben mit einem pneumatischen Antrieb verbunden sind.Another drive variant is that the pistons are connected to a pneumatic drive.

Die konstruktive Gestaltung des verdichters macht diesen insbesondere dafür geeignet, daß die Druckstufen zur Komprimierung von Sauerstoff ausgebildet sind.The structural design of the compressor makes this particular suitable for the fact that the pressure stages are designed to compress oxygen.

Eine Speicherung des vom Verdichter erzeugten Volumens an komprimiertem Gas kann dadurch erfolgen, daß die Druckstufen für eine Befüllung von Druckgasflaschen ausgebildet sind.A storage of the volume of compressed gas generated by the compressor can be effected in that the pressure stages are designed for filling of compressed gas cylinders.

Ein bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet wird dadurch erschlossen, daß die Druckstufen für eine Verwendung im Bereich der Beatmungstechnik ausgebildet sind.A preferred field of application is achieved in that the pressure stages are designed for use in the field of ventilation technology.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung einer zweistufigen Verdichtungsvorrichtung, bei der zwischen den beiden Druckstufen ein Ventilblock angeordnet ist,
Fig. 2
einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
einen weiteren Längsschnitt durch die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1.
In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown schematically. Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a two-stage compression device in which a valve block is disposed between the two pressure stages,
Fig. 2
a vertical section through the arrangement of FIG. 1 and
Fig. 3
a further longitudinal section through the arrangement of FIG. 1.

Aus der perspektivischen Darstellung in Fig. 1 ist zu erkennen, daß die Vorrichtung zur Druckerzeugung mit einer ersten Druckstufe (1) und einer zweiten Druckstufe (2) versehen ist. Die Druckstufen (1, 2) sind auf einander abgewandten Seiten eines Ventilblockes (3) angeordnet. Jede der Druckstufen (1, 2) ist mit einem Kolben (4, 5) ausgestattet, der in einem Kompressionszylinder (6, 7) geführt ist. Die Kolben (4, 5) sind von einer Kolbenstange (8) miteinander verbunden.From the perspective view in Fig. 1 it can be seen that the device for generating pressure with a first pressure stage (1) and a second pressure stage (2) is provided. The pressure stages (1, 2) are arranged on opposite sides of a valve block (3). Each of the pressure stages (1, 2) is equipped with a piston (4, 5) which is guided in a compression cylinder (6, 7). The pistons (4, 5) are connected to each other by a piston rod (8).

Jede der Druckstufen (1, 2) weist einen Kompressionsraum (9, 10) auf. Das zu verdichtende Gas wird der Vorrichtung über einen Eingangsanschluß (11) zugeführt. Das komprimierte Gas wird über einen Ausgangsanschluß (12) abgeleitet.Each of the pressure stages (1, 2) has a compression space (9, 10). The gas to be compressed is supplied to the device via an input port (11). The compressed gas is discharged via an output port (12).

Figur 2 verdeutlicht in einer Querschnittdarstellung den Aufbau der Vorrichtung. Zu erkennen ist beispielsweise die Abdichtung der Kolben (4, 5) gegenüber den Kompressionszylindern (6, 7) über ringförmige Dichtungen. Darüber hinaus ist zu erkennen, daß die Kolbenstange (8) über ein Lager (13) im Bereich des Ventilblockes (3) geführt ist. Das Lager (13) weist Dichtungen auf, um einen Gasübertritt zwischen den Druckstufen (1, 2) zu verhindern.Figure 2 illustrates in a cross-sectional view of the structure of the device. To recognize is for example the Sealing the pistons (4, 5) with respect to the compression cylinders (6, 7) via annular seals. In addition, it can be seen that the piston rod (8) via a bearing (13) in the region of the valve block (3) is guided. The bearing (13) has seals in order to prevent a gas transfer between the pressure stages (1, 2).

Innerhalb des Ventilblockes (3) verläuft ein Verbindungskanal (14), um Gas von der ersten Druckstufe (1) zur zweiten Druckstufe (2) zu leiten. Der Verbindungskanal (14) ist mit einem Rückschlagventil (15) versehen, um eine Gasrückströmung bei einer Verdichtung im Kompressionsraum (10) zu verhindern.Within the valve block (3) extends a connecting channel (14) to direct gas from the first pressure stage (1) to the second pressure stage (2). The connecting channel (14) is provided with a check valve (15) to prevent backflow of gas when compressed in the compression space (10).

Figur 3 zeigt die Anordnung gemäß Figur 1 in einer gegenüber Figur 2 um 90° Grad gedrehten Schnittebene. In dieser Darstellung sind der Eingangsanschluß (11) und der Ausgangsanschluß (12) zu erkennen. Gegenüber Figur 1 erfolgte eine Darstellung nach einer Drehung der Vorrichtung um 180° Grad. Im Bereich eines an den Kompressionsraum (10) angeschlossenen Ausgangskanals (16) ist ein Rückschlagventil (17) angeordnet, um ein Rückströmen des komprimierten Gases vom Ausgangsanschluß (12) in den Kompressionsraum (10) hinein zu vermeiden. An den Ausgangsanschluß (12) kann beispielsweise eine Druckgasflasche angeschlossen werden.FIG. 3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1 in a sectional plane rotated by 90 ° with respect to FIG. In this illustration, the input terminal (11) and the output terminal (12) can be seen. Compared to Figure 1 was a representation after a rotation of the device by 180 ° degrees. In the region of an outlet channel (16) connected to the compression space (10), a check valve (17) is arranged in order to prevent the compressed gas from flowing back from the outlet connection (12) into the compression space (10). For example, a compressed gas cylinder can be connected to the output connection (12).

Ein Antrieb der Vorrichtung kann in unterschiedlicher Art und Weise erfolgen. Bei der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsformen ist ein pneumatischer Antrieb realisiert. Alternativ ist es ebenfalls möglich, beispielsweise einen mechanischen Antrieb unter Verwendung eines Kurbelantriebes zu verwenden. Eine Einbringung der mechanischen Bewegungsenergie kann beispielsweise über eine nicht dargestellte Antriebsstange erfolgen, die in den Kolben (4) eingeschraubt wird. Der Kolben (4) ist mit einer Gewindebohrung (18) zur Ankopplung an weitere Bauelemente versehen.A drive of the device can be done in different ways. In the embodiments illustrated in the figures, a pneumatic drive is realized. Alternatively, it is also possible to use, for example, a mechanical drive using a crank drive. An introduction of the mechanical kinetic energy can be done for example via a drive rod, not shown, which is screwed into the piston (4) becomes. The piston (4) is provided with a threaded bore (18) for coupling to other components.

Ein Verdichtungsablauf wird derart durchgeführt, daß zunächst ein Rückhub des Kolbens (4) erfolgt, bei dem sich der Kolben (4) vom ventilblock (3) entfernt. Das zu verdichtende Gas strömt hierbei durch den Eingangsanschluß (11) in den Kompressionsraum (9) hinein. Nach einer Füllung des Kompressionsraumes (9) wird der Kolben (4) in Richtung auf den Ventilblock (3) bewegt und komprimiert das Gas innerhalb des Kompressionsraumes (9). Aufgrund der Kopplung mit der Kolbenstange (8) führt der Kolben (5) gleichzeitig eine Bewegung durch, bei der sich dieser vom Ventilblock (3) entfernt.A compression process is carried out such that initially a return stroke of the piston (4) takes place, in which the piston (4) from the valve block (3). The gas to be compressed flows through the inlet connection (11) into the compression chamber (9). After a filling of the compression space (9), the piston (4) is moved in the direction of the valve block (3) and compresses the gas within the compression space (9). Due to the coupling with the piston rod (8), the piston (5) at the same time performs a movement in which it is removed from the valve block (3).

Das vom Kolben (4) komprimierte Gas strömt hierdurch in den Kompressionsraum (10). Nach einem Abschluß dieser Kompressionsbewegung führen die Kolben (4, 5) erneut eine Bewegung in die entgegengesetzte Richtung durch. Der Kolben (5) komprimiert hierbei das Gas innerhalb des Kompressionsraumes (10). Ein Zurückströmen wird durch das Rückschlagventil (15) verhindert. Das komprimierte Gas aus dem Bereich des Kompressionsraumes (10) wird über den Ausgangsanschluß (12) zu einer vorgesehenen Aufnahmeeinrichtung geleitet. Im Kompressionsraum (9) erfolgt somit eine vorverdichtung und der Kompressionsraum (10) dient zur Hauptverdichtung.The gas compressed by the piston (4) thereby flows into the compression space (10). After completion of this compression movement, the pistons (4, 5) again perform a movement in the opposite direction. The piston (5) compresses the gas within the compression space (10). Backflow is prevented by the check valve (15). The compressed gas from the region of the compression chamber (10) is passed via the output terminal (12) to a designated receiving device. In the compression chamber (9) thus takes place a pre-compression and the compression chamber (10) is used for main compression.

Die in den Zeichnungen erläuterte Vorrichtung ist insbesondere für Anwendungen im Bereich der Medizintechnik geeignet, da sowohl ein geringes Bauvolumen als auch geringe Betriebsgeräusche erreicht werden. Insbesondere ist an eine Verwendung gedacht, bei der von einem Sauerstoffkonzentrator bereitgestellter Sauerstoff verdichtet und einer Druckgasflasche zugeführt wird. Die Druckgasflasche dient für eine mobile Sauerstoffversorgung eines Patienten.The illustrated in the drawings device is particularly suitable for applications in the field of medical technology, since both a low volume and low operating noise can be achieved. In particular, it is intended for use in the case of oxygen compressed by an oxygen concentrator and of a compressed gas cylinder is supplied. The compressed gas cylinder is used for a mobile oxygenation of a patient.

In den Bereichen der Rückschlagventile (15) können Filterelemente eingesetzt werden, um eine Verschmutzung der Ventile durch kleine Abriebpartikel der Dichtungen zu vermeiden, welche die Funktion der Ventile negativ beeinflussen können.In the areas of the check valves (15) filter elements can be used to prevent contamination of the valves by small wear particles of the seals, which can adversely affect the function of the valves.

Claims (10)

  1. Device for generating pressure, comprising at least two pressure stages (1, 2) connected in series for compressing a gas, each pressure stage (1, 2) being provided with at least one piston (4, 5) guided in a compression cylinder (6, 7), which pressure stages (1, 2) are coupled with one another by means of a valve block (3) disposed between the pressure stages (1, 2), the longitudinal axes of the pistons (4, 5) extending essentially on a common straight line, characterised in that the device for generating pressure has a pressure cylinder and an oxygen concentrator, the pressure stages (1, 2) being designed for compressing oxygen and filling the pressure cylinders, and an inlet connector (11) of the valve block (3) is coupled with the oxygen concentrator.
  2. Device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the pressure stages (1, 2) are disposed on sides of the valve block (3) remote from one another.
  3. Device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the first pressure stage (1) is provided with a compression chamber (9) which is of larger dimensions relative to a compression chamber (10) of the second pressure stage (2).
  4. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the pressure stages (1, 2) are connected to one another by a connecting passage (14), in the region of which a check valve (15) is disposed.
  5. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the pistons (4, 5) are rigidly connected to one another by a piston rod (8) in order to perform compression routines running with a phase shift in time in the pressure stages (1, 2).
  6. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the series connection of the pressure stages (1, 2) is designed for a compression to a pressure level of approximately 200 bar.
  7. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the pressure stages (1, 2) are designed for a through-flow quantity of approximately 1 litre per minute of uncompressed gas delivered at the first pressure stage (1).
  8. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the pistons (4, 5) are connected to a crank drive.
  9. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the pistons (4, 5) are connected to a pneumatic drive.
  10. Device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the pressure stages (1, 2) are designed for use in applications involving breathing technology.
EP04000839A 2003-01-24 2004-01-16 Device for pressure generation Expired - Lifetime EP1447569B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10302690 2003-01-24
DE10302690A DE10302690A1 (en) 2003-01-24 2003-01-24 Gas compression device has valve block arranged between two compression phases which are coupled such that longitudinal axes of flasks in compression phases run on common straight line

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1447569A1 EP1447569A1 (en) 2004-08-18
EP1447569B1 true EP1447569B1 (en) 2006-02-15

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EP04000839A Expired - Lifetime EP1447569B1 (en) 2003-01-24 2004-01-16 Device for pressure generation

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EP (1) EP1447569B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE317945T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10302690A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2714167A4 (en) * 2011-05-24 2015-06-24 Invacare Corp Oxygen compressor with boost stage
EP2809949A4 (en) 2012-02-03 2015-12-09 Invacare Corp Pumping device
DE102016107130A1 (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-19 Thomas Richter Pump for compressing a fluid
DE102017004088A1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-31 Wabco Gmbh Compressor, compressed air supply system for operating a pneumatic system and method for operating a compressed air supply system

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US464223A (en) * 1891-12-01 Ernest c
US236992A (en) * 1881-01-25 gushier
US1500975A (en) * 1922-01-09 1924-07-08 Henry Miller J Vacuum-operated mechanism
US2034159A (en) * 1932-11-10 1936-03-17 Everett W Swartwout Compressor
CH663065A5 (en) * 1984-07-20 1987-11-13 Cryomec Ag PUMPING DEVICE FOR CRYOGENEIC FLUIDS.
SE510191C2 (en) * 1994-06-06 1999-04-26 Asea Brown Boveri pressure amplifier

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ATE317945T1 (en) 2006-03-15
DE502004000286D1 (en) 2006-04-20
EP1447569A1 (en) 2004-08-18
DE10302690A1 (en) 2004-08-12

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