EP1446246A1 - Tool made from plastic - Google Patents

Tool made from plastic

Info

Publication number
EP1446246A1
EP1446246A1 EP02790339A EP02790339A EP1446246A1 EP 1446246 A1 EP1446246 A1 EP 1446246A1 EP 02790339 A EP02790339 A EP 02790339A EP 02790339 A EP02790339 A EP 02790339A EP 1446246 A1 EP1446246 A1 EP 1446246A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
plastic
tool according
deep
forming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02790339A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1446246B1 (en
Inventor
Mohamed Mekkaoui Alaoui
Jürgen VOSSBERG
Werner Hufenbach
Klaus Kunze
Peter Hochwald
Oliver Straube
Joachim LÖWEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland GmbH filed Critical Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland GmbH
Publication of EP1446246A1 publication Critical patent/EP1446246A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1446246B1 publication Critical patent/EP1446246B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/01—Selection of materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool comprising a partial area, which consists of a plastic, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded.
  • Tools made of steel or gray cast iron are conventionally used in forming processes, for example in deep drawing.
  • at least partially plastic forming tools have become known, which are used for certain applications, e.g. B. come into consideration for small series.
  • DE 199 00 597 A1 describes a sheet metal forming tool and a method for its production, in which the tool is produced from layers of plastic films which are glued one after the other.
  • Plastic powder can also be filled in layers in a work area and then sintered using a laser beam.
  • the methods described in this document are relatively complex on the one hand and, moreover, such tools can only be used for the forming of workpieces which are produced in small series with a limited number of production pieces.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a tool consisting of an alternative material with advantageous properties compared to conventional tools.
  • the tool is a forming tool and is made of plastic
  • the existing section, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded in the plastic is a forming area of the tool.
  • Said partial area of the tool consisting of a plastic, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded preferably comprises a front layer of the tool.
  • This part of the tool can contain graphite, for example, as a material with sliding properties.
  • the plastic of the tool preferably contains graphite powder in this partial region, in particular graphite powder with a grain size of between approximately 50 and approximately 250 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of said front layer in the forming area of the tool, in which the plastic contains a material with sliding properties is preferably at least about 5 mm. For example, the thickness of this front layer is in a range between approximately 5 and approximately 15 mm.
  • a preferred development of the task solution according to the invention provides that not only the forming area of the tool is made of plastic, but that the tool also has a rear structure consisting essentially of plastic.
  • the entire tool can accordingly consist of plastic, but only the sub-area forming the forming area has to consist of a plastic in which a material with sliding properties is embedded.
  • a cheaper material can be used for the rear triangle.
  • the rear of the tool preferably consists of a plastic containing a filler. Fillers such. As aluminum and / or cast iron and / or sand, preferably in powder form.
  • the rear triangle thus consists of a material that has sufficient pressure resistance.
  • the rear triangle can consist, for example, of full casting, including the plastic and the filler or fillers.
  • the front layer of the tool which serves as the forming area, has, on the one hand, increased pressure resistance in the areas which come into contact with the workpiece to be formed, whereby the incorporated material with sliding properties also provides the slidability in the area of the contact surface. It is quasi in the forming area, i. That is, a self-lubricating effect is achieved in the area of the front surface of the tool, through which the use of conventional lubricants can be completely or largely eliminated.
  • the production of deep-drawing tools is preferred.
  • These can be stamps, sheet metal holders or dies, for example, especially for deep-drawing metal parts.
  • the deep-drawing tools according to the invention are particularly suitable for forming metal parts such. B. for automotive or aircraft construction. By storing the material with sliding properties, it is prevented that z. B. a metal sheet, which is stressed in a pulling direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the deep-drawing tool, particles, in particular filler particles, are torn out of the plastic matrix and cracks thereby arise in the tool.
  • plastic tools made from the materials according to the invention compared to conventional steel tools lie in the material costs, for example, which are up to about 70% lower.
  • the plastics used for the production of the tools are easier to process and as a result the mechanical use in the production of the tools is lower.
  • the energy and power requirements in machine work for the manufacture of the tools can be z. B. reduce by 65%.
  • the training period is also up to 60% shorter, for example, than with steel tools.
  • the use of plastics according to the invention for the manufacture of the tools leads to a considerable weight reduction of, for example, up to 60% and thus to a lower load on the crane systems.
  • the tools can be changed more flexibly and cost-effectively, which in turn saves a lot of money, time and energy.
  • the tools are also suitable for recycling since they can be completely reused as fillers for the production of new plastic tools, which means that there are no disposal costs.
  • the elastic behavior of the plastics leads to an increase in the quality of the formed workpieces.
  • Embedding graphite in the plastic of the tools creates a self-lubricating effect on the contact layers of the tool. If it is still necessary to use liquid lubricants during the forming process, then the amount of lubricants required can be reduced significantly, for example by approx. 3 g / m 2 .
  • the friction conditions during deep drawing are improved by introducing graphite powder into the plastic.
  • the elimination or reduction of liquid lubricants during deep drawing significantly reduces pollution in the work area and thus relieves the environment.
  • the preferred modular design of the plastic tools according to the invention comprising the front layer (forming area) and the rear structure, enables a large proportion of the tools to be reused.
  • the material with sliding properties into the front layer and the resulting (largely) elimination of liquid lubricants, there is usually no need to degrease the finished drawn parts.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly schematically simplified perspective illustration for explaining a deep-drawing process by means of a tool according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second schematically simplified view in section to explain the deep-drawing process
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematically simplified perspective view of a tool according to the invention installed in a deep-drawing device
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a finished part, which was deep-drawn using a tool according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly schematically simplified perspective illustration of an arrangement of tools for deep-drawing a sheet metal part 10.
  • An upper tool part 8 is provided for forming the sheet metal part 10 in the deep-drawing process, and a corresponding lower tool part 9 in the form of a die receiving the upper tool part 8.
  • the upper tool part 8 consists of a rear structure 12 made of plastic and a front layer 11 forming the forming area, which also consists of plastic, but a graphite powder 7 is embedded in this plastic to achieve a self-lubricating effect when the sheet metal part 10 is formed.
  • the plastic forming the rear end 12 of the tool usually also contains fillers, but these can be conventional fillers in order to impart certain desired properties to the tool, for example in order to ensure sufficient pressure resistance of the rear end 12.
  • the lower tool part 9 is also made of plastic, whereby a conventional plastic can also be used here, provided that it does not concern the forming areas. However, it is recommended that those areas, which come into contact with the sheet 10 to be deep-drawn during the forming process, also made of a plastic with the lower part 9 of the tool to produce stored sliding material. This is specified in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2, which illustrates the forces acting during the deep-drawing process in a schematically simplified illustration.
  • Figure 2 shows the position of a sheet metal part 10 between the front layers 11 of an upper tool part 8 and a lower tool part 9.
  • the plastic front layers 11 contain embedded graphite powder 7 to achieve the sliding effect.
  • the arrow indicates that during the deep-drawing process a shear force acts on the sheet 10 as well as on the front surfaces of the two tools, which acts in principle perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tools.
  • This stress on shear between the sheet 10 and the front layers 11 of the upper tool part 8 or lower tool part 9, each provided with embedded graphite results in a sliding effect which is due to the lubricating properties of the graphite. This eliminates the use of a liquid lubricant. It was also found that the inclusion of the graphite in the respective front layers 11 of the tools also increases their compressive strength at the contact surface.
  • FIG. 3 shows a more detailed perspective view of a detail from a deep-drawing device, in which one recognizes the plastic rear end 12 of the tool, which is attached to an upper plate 20 of the device, which is lowered during the deep-drawing process. This lowering of the plate 20 and the tool made of plastic takes place in a tool guide 14 of the device, which will not be explained in more detail here.
  • the front layer 11 of the tool which is also made of plastic and provided with graphite inclusions, and the sheet metal holder 13 of the device underneath it can be seen.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a metal part which was deep-drawn from a metal sheet using a tool of the type according to the invention.
  • This is a shielding plate 15 for a motor vehicle.
  • points the shielding plate 15 after the shaping process has convex areas 18 and concave areas 19.
  • the shielding plate 15 also has various punched-out areas 16 and forming areas introduced in the deep-drawing process, for example the bead-like depression 17 that can be seen in the drawing. It was found that metal parts of this type can be deep-drawn in excellent quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool comprising a partial region made from plastic, in which a material with slide bearing properties is inlaid. Said tool is a moulding tool, which can be applied, for example, in the deep-drawing of metal pieces. The partial region in which the material with slide bearing properties, for example graphite, is inlaid, is a front layer (11) of the tool, comprising the moulding region thereof. The backing (12) of the tool is also made from plastic, which can optionally contain conventional fillers. The front layer (11) of the tool, reinforced, for example, with graphite, permits a deep drawing optionally without the use of lubricants, whereby the moulding region of the tool has good slide bearing properties and a high pressure resistance.

Description

Werkzeug aus Kunststoff Plastic tool
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Werkzeug umfassend einen Teilbereich, der aus einem Kunststoff besteht, in den ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften eingelagert ist.The present invention relates to a tool comprising a partial area, which consists of a plastic, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded.
Herkömmlicherweise werden bei Umformprozessen, beispielsweise beim Tiefziehen, Werkzeuge aus Stahl oder Grauguss verwendet. In jüngerer Zeit sind auch bereits mindestens teilweise aus Kunststoff bestehende Umformwerkzeuge bekannt geworden, die für bestimmte Anwendungen, z. B. für Kleinserien in Betracht kommen. Beispielsweise beschreibt die DE 199 00 597 A1 ein Blechumformungswerkzeug und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung, bei dem das Werkzeug aus Schichten von Kunststofffolien hergestellt wird, die nacheinander übereinander geklebt werden. Dabei kann auch Kunststoffpulver schichtweise in einen Arbeitsraum gefüllt und danach mittels eines Laserstrahls versintert werden. Die in dieser Druckschrift beschriebenen Verfahren sind aber zum einen relativ aufwendig und außerdem kommen derartige Werkzeuge nur für die Umformung von Werkstücken in Betracht, die in kleinen Serien mit einer begrenzten Fertigungsstückzahl hergestellt werden.Tools made of steel or gray cast iron are conventionally used in forming processes, for example in deep drawing. In recent times, at least partially plastic forming tools have become known, which are used for certain applications, e.g. B. come into consideration for small series. For example, DE 199 00 597 A1 describes a sheet metal forming tool and a method for its production, in which the tool is produced from layers of plastic films which are glued one after the other. Plastic powder can also be filled in layers in a work area and then sintered using a laser beam. The methods described in this document, however, are relatively complex on the one hand and, moreover, such tools can only be used for the forming of workpieces which are produced in small series with a limited number of production pieces.
Die DE 93 18 272.4 U1 beschreibt ein Werkzeug für die spanlose Verformung von Werkstücken, wobei das Werkzeug an sich aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, insbesondere Grauguss besteht, aber ein Führungsteil des Werkzeugs, welches eine Gleitfläche aufweist, aus einem Duroplast mit Faser- oder Gewebeeinlage und mit Einlagerungen aus Lamellengraphit hergestellt ist. Dadurch sollen die Gleiteigenschaften verbessert und der Verschleiß gemindert werden. Dieses bekannte Werkzeug besteht jedoch nur im Bereich gegeneinander verschiebbarer Werkzeugteile wie Schlitten und dergleichen teilweise aus Kunststoff, nicht jedoch in den Umformbereichen selbst in denen das Werkzeug auf ein Werkstück einwirkt. Ein einen Umformbereich des Werkzeugs bildender Biegestempel besteht vielmehr aus Metall.DE 93 18 272.4 U1 describes a tool for the non-cutting deformation of workpieces, the tool itself consisting of a metallic material, in particular gray cast iron, but a guide part of the tool, which has a sliding surface, made of a thermoset with fiber or fabric insert and is made with lamellar graphite. This should improve the sliding properties and reduce wear. However, this known tool is only partially made of plastic in the area of mutually displaceable tool parts such as slides and the like, but not in the forming areas themselves in which the tool acts on a workpiece. Rather, a bending die forming a forming area of the tool consists of metal.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein aus einem alternativen Werkstoff bestehendes Werkzeug mit vorteilhaften Eigenschaften gegenüber herkömmlichen Werkzeugen zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is to create a tool consisting of an alternative material with advantageous properties compared to conventional tools.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe liefert ein erfindungsgemäßes Werkzeug der eingangs genannten Gattung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Werkzeug ein Umformwerkzeug und der aus Kunststoff bestehende Teilbereich, bei dem in den Kunststoff ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften eingelagert ist, ist ein Umformbereich des Werkzeugs. Der genannte Teilbereich des Werkzeugs bestehend aus einem Kunststoff, in den ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften eingelagert ist, umfasst vorzugsweise eine Frontschicht des Werkzeugs. Als Material mit Gleiteigenschaften kann dieser Teilbereich des Werkzeugs beispielsweise Graphit enthalten. Vorzugsweise enthält der Kunststoff des Werkzeugs in diesem Teilbereich Graphitpulver, insbesondere Graphitpulver in einer Korngröße von zwischen etwa 50 und etwa 250 μm. Die Dicke der genannten Frontschicht im Umformbereich des Werkzeugs, in der der Kunststoff ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften enthält, beträgt vorzugsweise wenigstens etwa 5 mm. Beispielsweise liegt die Dicke dieser Frontschicht in einem Bereich zwischen etwa 5 und etwa 15 mm.This object is achieved by a tool according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset with the characterizing features of the main claim. According to the invention, the tool is a forming tool and is made of plastic The existing section, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded in the plastic, is a forming area of the tool. Said partial area of the tool consisting of a plastic, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded, preferably comprises a front layer of the tool. This part of the tool can contain graphite, for example, as a material with sliding properties. The plastic of the tool preferably contains graphite powder in this partial region, in particular graphite powder with a grain size of between approximately 50 and approximately 250 μm. The thickness of said front layer in the forming area of the tool, in which the plastic contains a material with sliding properties, is preferably at least about 5 mm. For example, the thickness of this front layer is in a range between approximately 5 and approximately 15 mm.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabenlösung sieht vor, dass nicht nur der Umformbereich des Werkzeugs aus Kunststoff besteht, sondern, dass das Werkzeug auch einen im wesentlichen aus Kunststoff bestehenden Hinterbau aufweist. Das gesamte Werkzeug kann demnach aus Kunststoff bestehen, wobei jedoch nur der den Umformbereich bildende Teilbereich aus einem Kunststoff bestehen muss, in den ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften eingelagert ist. Für den Hinterbau kann man ein kostengünstigeres Material verwenden. Vorzugsweise besteht der Hinterbau des Werkzeugs aus einem einen Füllstoff enthaltenden Kunststoff. Dabei kommen Füllstoffe wie z. B. Aluminium und/oder Grauguss und/oder Sand, vorzugsweise in Pulverform in Betracht. Der Hinterbau besteht damit aus einem Werkstoff, der eine ausreichende Druckfestigkeit aufweist. Der Hinterbau kann beispielsweise aus Vollguss bestehen umfassend den Kunststoff und den oder die Füllstoffe. Die als Umformbereich dienende Frontschicht des Werkzeugs hat zum einen eine erhöhte Druckfestigkeit in den Bereichen, die mit dem umzuformenden Werkstück in Kontakt treten, wobei durch das eingearbeitete Material mit Gleiteigenschaften zudem die Gleitfähigkeit im Bereich der Kontaktfläche gegeben ist. Es wird quasi im Umformbereich, d. h., im Bereich der Frontfläche des Werkzeugs ein Selbstschmiereffekt erzielt, durch den die Verwendung herkömmlicher Schmiermittel vollständig oder weitgehend entfallen kann.A preferred development of the task solution according to the invention provides that not only the forming area of the tool is made of plastic, but that the tool also has a rear structure consisting essentially of plastic. The entire tool can accordingly consist of plastic, but only the sub-area forming the forming area has to consist of a plastic in which a material with sliding properties is embedded. A cheaper material can be used for the rear triangle. The rear of the tool preferably consists of a plastic containing a filler. Fillers such. As aluminum and / or cast iron and / or sand, preferably in powder form. The rear triangle thus consists of a material that has sufficient pressure resistance. The rear triangle can consist, for example, of full casting, including the plastic and the filler or fillers. The front layer of the tool, which serves as the forming area, has, on the one hand, increased pressure resistance in the areas which come into contact with the workpiece to be formed, whereby the incorporated material with sliding properties also provides the slidability in the area of the contact surface. It is quasi in the forming area, i. That is, a self-lubricating effect is achieved in the area of the front surface of the tool, through which the use of conventional lubricants can be completely or largely eliminated.
Bevorzugt ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung die Herstellung von Tiefziehwerkzeugen. Dies können beispielsweise Stempel, Blechhalter oder Matrizen sein, insbesondere für das Tiefziehen von Metallteilen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Tiefziehwerkzeuge eignen sich insbesondere für das Umformen von Metallteilen z. B. für den Automobilbau oder Flugzeugbau. Durch die Einlagerung des Materials mit Gleiteigenschaften wird verhindert, dass beim Tiefziehvorgang z. B. eines Metallblechs, welches dabei in einer Zugrichtung senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Tiefziehwerkzeugs beansprucht wird, Partikel, insbesondere Füllstoffpartikel aus der Kunststoffmatrix herausgerissen werden und dadurch Risse im Werkzeug entstehen.In the context of the present invention, the production of deep-drawing tools is preferred. These can be stamps, sheet metal holders or dies, for example, especially for deep-drawing metal parts. The deep-drawing tools according to the invention are particularly suitable for forming metal parts such. B. for automotive or aircraft construction. By storing the material with sliding properties, it is prevented that z. B. a metal sheet, which is stressed in a pulling direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the deep-drawing tool, particles, in particular filler particles, are torn out of the plastic matrix and cracks thereby arise in the tool.
Die Vorteile der Kunststoffwerkzeuge aus den erfindungsgemäßen Materialien gegenüber herkömmlichen Stahlwerkzeugen liegen in den beispielsweise bis zu etwa 70 % niedrigeren Materialkosten. Die für die Herstellung der Werkzeuge verwendeten Kunststoffe lassen sich besser verarbeiten und dadurch ist bei der Herstellung der Werkzeuge der maschinelle Einsatz geringer. Der Energie- und Leistungsbedarf bei der Maschinenarbeit zur Herstellung der Werkzeuge lässt sich z. B. um 65 % reduzieren. Die Einarbeitungszeit ist ebenfalls bis zu beispielsweise 60 % kürzer als bei Stahlwerkzeugen. Die Verwendung von erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffen zur Herstellung der Werkzeuge führt zu einer erheblichen Gewichtsreduzierung von beispielsweise bis zu 60 % und dadurch zu einer geringeren Belastung der Krananlagen. Die Werkzeuge lassen sich flexibler und kostengünstiger ändern, wobei wiederum eine hohe Kosten-, Zeit-, und Energieersparnis erzielt wird. Die Werkzeuge sind außerdem recyclinggeeignet, da sie sich als Füllstoffe zur Herstellung neuer Kunststoffwerkzeuge vollständig wiederverwenden lassen, wodurch die Entsorgungskosten entfallen.The advantages of plastic tools made from the materials according to the invention compared to conventional steel tools lie in the material costs, for example, which are up to about 70% lower. The plastics used for the production of the tools are easier to process and as a result the mechanical use in the production of the tools is lower. The energy and power requirements in machine work for the manufacture of the tools can be z. B. reduce by 65%. The training period is also up to 60% shorter, for example, than with steel tools. The use of plastics according to the invention for the manufacture of the tools leads to a considerable weight reduction of, for example, up to 60% and thus to a lower load on the crane systems. The tools can be changed more flexibly and cost-effectively, which in turn saves a lot of money, time and energy. The tools are also suitable for recycling since they can be completely reused as fillers for the production of new plastic tools, which means that there are no disposal costs.
Das elastische Verhalten der Kunststoffe führt zu einer Qualitätserhöhung bei den umgeformten Werkstücken. Durch das Einbetten von Graphit in den Kunststoff der Werkzeuge wird ein Selbstschmiereffekt an den Kontaktschichten des Werkzeugs erzeugt. Wenn es bei der Umformung überhaupt noch notwendig ist, zusätzlich flüssige Schmiermittel einzusetzen, dann lässt sich in jedem Fall die Menge der notwendigen Schmiermittel wesentlich verringern, beispielsweise um ca. 3 g/m2. Die Reibungsverhältnisse beim Tiefziehen werden durch das Einbringen von Graphitpulver in den Kunststoff verbessert. Durch das Entfallen bzw. die Verringerung von flüssigen Schmiermitteln beim Tiefziehen wird die Verschmutzung im Arbeitsbereich wesentlich verringert und damit die Umwelt entlastet.The elastic behavior of the plastics leads to an increase in the quality of the formed workpieces. Embedding graphite in the plastic of the tools creates a self-lubricating effect on the contact layers of the tool. If it is still necessary to use liquid lubricants during the forming process, then the amount of lubricants required can be reduced significantly, for example by approx. 3 g / m 2 . The friction conditions during deep drawing are improved by introducing graphite powder into the plastic. The elimination or reduction of liquid lubricants during deep drawing significantly reduces pollution in the work area and thus relieves the environment.
Die bevorzugte modulare Bauweise der erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffwerkzeuge umfassend die Frontschicht (Umformbereich) und den Hinterbau ermöglicht die Wiederbenutzung eines großen Anteils der Werkzeuge. Durch die Einarbeitung des Materials mit Gleiteigenschaften in die Frontschicht und das dadurch bedingte (weitgehende) Entfallen von flüssigen Schmierstoffen erübrigt sich in der Regel auch das Entfetten der fertigen Ziehteile. Die in den Unteransprüchen genannten Merkmale betreffen bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabenlösung. Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Detailbeschreibung.The preferred modular design of the plastic tools according to the invention, comprising the front layer (forming area) and the rear structure, enables a large proportion of the tools to be reused. By incorporating the material with sliding properties into the front layer and the resulting (largely) elimination of liquid lubricants, there is usually no need to degrease the finished drawn parts. The features mentioned in the subclaims relate to preferred developments of the task solution according to the invention. Further advantages of the invention result from the following detailed description.
Nachfolgend wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigenThe present invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show
Fig. 1 eine stark schematisch vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung zur Erläuterung eines Tiefziehvorgangs mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs;1 shows a highly schematically simplified perspective illustration for explaining a deep-drawing process by means of a tool according to the invention;
Fig. 2 eine zweite schematisch vereinfachte Ansicht im Schnitt zur Erläuterung des Tiefziehvorgangs;2 shows a second schematically simplified view in section to explain the deep-drawing process;
Fig. 3 eine schematisch vereinfachte perspektivische Ansicht eines in eine Tiefziehvorrichtung eingebauten erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs;3 shows a schematically simplified perspective view of a tool according to the invention installed in a deep-drawing device;
Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines fertigen Teils, welches mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs tiefgezogen wurde.Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a finished part, which was deep-drawn using a tool according to the invention.
Zunächst wird auf Figur 1 Bezug genommen. Die Zeichnung zeigt in stark schematisch vereinfachter perspektivischer Darstellung eine Anordnung von Werkzeugen für das Tiefziehen eines Blechteils 10. Es ist ein Werkzeugoberteil 8 zur Umformung des Blechteils 10 im Tiefziehverfahren vorgesehen sowie ein entsprechendes Werkzeugunterteil 9 in Form einer das Werkzeugoberteil 8 aufnehmenden Matrize. Das Werkzeugoberteil 8 besteht aus einem Hinterbau 12 aus Kunststoff und einer den Umformbereich bildenden Frontschicht 11 , die ebenfalls aus Kunststoff besteht, wobei jedoch in diesen Kunststoff ein Graphitpulver 7 eingelagert ist zur Erzielung eines Selbstschmiereffekts bei der Umformung des Blechteils 10.Reference is first made to FIG. 1. The drawing shows a highly schematically simplified perspective illustration of an arrangement of tools for deep-drawing a sheet metal part 10. An upper tool part 8 is provided for forming the sheet metal part 10 in the deep-drawing process, and a corresponding lower tool part 9 in the form of a die receiving the upper tool part 8. The upper tool part 8 consists of a rear structure 12 made of plastic and a front layer 11 forming the forming area, which also consists of plastic, but a graphite powder 7 is embedded in this plastic to achieve a self-lubricating effect when the sheet metal part 10 is formed.
Der den Hinterbau 12 des Werkzeugs bildende Kunststoff enthält in der Regel ebenfalls Füllstoffe, jedoch können dies Füllstoffe konventioneller Art sein, um dem Werkzeug bestimmte gewünschte Eigenschaften zu verleihen, beispielsweise, um eine ausreichende Druckfestigkeit des Hinterbaus 12 zu gewährleisten. Das Werkzeugunterteil 9 besteht ebenfalls aus Kunststoff, wobei hier ebenfalls ein herkömmlicher Kunststoff verwendet werden kann, soweit es sich nicht um die Umformbereiche handelt. Allerdings empfiehlt es sich, auch bei dem Werkzeugunterteil 9 diejenigen Bereiche, die bei dem Umformvorgang mit dem tiefzuziehenden Blech 10 in Kontakt zu treten, aus einem Kunststoff mit dem eingelagerten Gleitmaterial herzustellen. Dies wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf Figur 2, die in schematisch vereinfachter Darstellung die beim Tiefziehvorgang wirkenden Kräfte verdeutlicht, näher spezifiziert.The plastic forming the rear end 12 of the tool usually also contains fillers, but these can be conventional fillers in order to impart certain desired properties to the tool, for example in order to ensure sufficient pressure resistance of the rear end 12. The lower tool part 9 is also made of plastic, whereby a conventional plastic can also be used here, provided that it does not concern the forming areas. However, it is recommended that those areas, which come into contact with the sheet 10 to be deep-drawn during the forming process, also made of a plastic with the lower part 9 of the tool to produce stored sliding material. This is specified in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2, which illustrates the forces acting during the deep-drawing process in a schematically simplified illustration.
Figur 2 zeigt die Lage eines Blechteils 10 zwischen den Frontschichten 11 eines Werkzeugoberteils 8 und eines Werkzeugunterteils 9. In beiden Fällen enthalten die aus Kunststoff bestehenden Frontschichten 11 zur Erzielung des Gleiteffekts eingelagertes Graphitpulver 7. In der Zeichnung ist durch den Pfeil angedeutet, dass beim Tiefziehvorgang auf das Blech 10 ebenso wie auf die Frontflächen der beiden Werkzeuge eine Scherkraft einwirkt, die im Prinzip senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Werkzeuge einwirkt. Durch diese Beanspruchung auf Scherung zwischen dem Blech 10 und den jeweils mit eingelagertem Graphit versehenen Frontschichten 11 von Werkzeugoberteil 8 bzw. Werkzeugunterteil 9 wird ein Gleiteffekt erzielt, der auf die Schmiereigenschaften des Graphits zurückgeht. Damit erübrigt sich die Verwendung eines flüssigen Schmierstoffs. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, dass durch die Einlagerung des Graphits in die jeweiligen Frontschichten 11 der Werkzeuge auch deren Druckfestigkeit an der Kontaktfläche gesteigert wird.Figure 2 shows the position of a sheet metal part 10 between the front layers 11 of an upper tool part 8 and a lower tool part 9. In both cases, the plastic front layers 11 contain embedded graphite powder 7 to achieve the sliding effect. In the drawing, the arrow indicates that during the deep-drawing process a shear force acts on the sheet 10 as well as on the front surfaces of the two tools, which acts in principle perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tools. This stress on shear between the sheet 10 and the front layers 11 of the upper tool part 8 or lower tool part 9, each provided with embedded graphite, results in a sliding effect which is due to the lubricating properties of the graphite. This eliminates the use of a liquid lubricant. It was also found that the inclusion of the graphite in the respective front layers 11 of the tools also increases their compressive strength at the contact surface.
Mit einer Ziehmatrize gemäß der in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellten Art wurden mehrere hundert Teile gezogen. Danach wurde der Zustand des Werkzeugs untersucht und es wurde festgestellt, dass dieser ohne weiteres ein weiteres Ziehen von tausenden von Teilen erlaubt.Several hundred parts were drawn using a drawing die of the type shown schematically in FIG. Then the condition of the tool was examined and it was found that it easily allowed another drawing of thousands of parts.
Figur 3 zeigt noch einmal etwas genauer in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Ausschnitt aus einer Tiefziehvorrichtung, bei der man den aus Kunststoff bestehenden Hinterbau 12 des Werkzeugs erkennt, der an einer oberen Platte 20 der Vorrichtung befestigt ist, die beim Tiefziehvorgang abgesenkt wird. Dieses Absenken der Platte 20 und des aus Kunststoff bestehenden Werkzeugs erfolgt in einer Werkzeugführung 14 der Vorrichtung, die hier nicht näher erläutert werden soll.FIG. 3 shows a more detailed perspective view of a detail from a deep-drawing device, in which one recognizes the plastic rear end 12 of the tool, which is attached to an upper plate 20 of the device, which is lowered during the deep-drawing process. This lowering of the plate 20 and the tool made of plastic takes place in a tool guide 14 of the device, which will not be explained in more detail here.
In Figur 3 erkennt man weiterhin die mit Graphiteinlagerungen versehene ebenfalls aus Kunststoff bestehende Frontschicht 11 des Werkzeugs sowie den darunter liegenden Blechhalter 13 der Vorrichtung.In FIG. 3, the front layer 11 of the tool, which is also made of plastic and provided with graphite inclusions, and the sheet metal holder 13 of the device underneath it can be seen.
In Figur 4 ist in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Metallteil dargestellt, welches aus einem Metallblech mittels eines Werkzeugs der erfindungsgemäßen Art tiefgezogen wurde. Dabei handelt es sich hier um ein Abschirmblech 15 für ein Kraftfahrzeug. Wie man erkennt, weist das Abschirmblech 15 nach dem Umformvorgang konvex gewölbte Bereiche 18 sowie konkav gewölbte Bereiche 19 auf. Das Abschirmblech 15 hat außerdem diverse Ausstanzungen 16 sowie im Tiefziehprozess eingebrachte Umformbereiche wie beispielsweise die aus der Zeichnung erkennbare sickenartige Vertiefung 17. Es wurde festgestellt, dass sich mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeuge derartige Metallteile in hervorragender Qualität tiefziehen lassen. FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a metal part which was deep-drawn from a metal sheet using a tool of the type according to the invention. This is a shielding plate 15 for a motor vehicle. As you can see, points the shielding plate 15 after the shaping process has convex areas 18 and concave areas 19. The shielding plate 15 also has various punched-out areas 16 and forming areas introduced in the deep-drawing process, for example the bead-like depression 17 that can be seen in the drawing. It was found that metal parts of this type can be deep-drawn in excellent quality.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Graphitpulvergraphite powder
WerkzeugoberteilUpper die
WerkzeugunterteilTool part
Blechteilsheet metal part
Frontschichtfront layer
Hinterbaurear
Blechhalterblankholder
Werkzeugführungtool guide
Abschirmblechshield
Ausstanzungenouts
Vertiefung konvex gewölbter Bereich konkav gewölbter BereichDeepening convex area concave area
Platte plate

Claims

PATE N TA N S P R Ü C H E PATE N TA NSPRÜ CHE
1. Werkzeug umfassend einen Teilbereich, der aus einem Kunststoff besteht, in den ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften eingelagert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkzeug ein Umformwerkzeug ist und der Teilbereich (11) ein Umformbereich des Werkzeugs ist.1. Tool comprising a partial area, which consists of a plastic, in which a material with sliding properties is embedded, characterized in that the tool is a forming tool and the partial area (11) is a forming area of the tool.
2. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teilbereich (11 ) eine Frontschicht des Werkzeugs umfasst.2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial region (11) comprises a front layer of the tool.
3. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teilbereich (11 ) des Werkzeugs als Material mit Gleiteigenschaften Graphit enthält.3. Tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partial region (11) of the tool contains graphite as a material with sliding properties.
4. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teilbereich (11 ) des Werkzeugs Graphitpulver enthält.4. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the partial region (11) of the tool contains graphite powder.
5. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teilbereich (11 ) des Werkzeugs Graphitpulver in einer Korngröße von zwischen etwa 50 und etwa 250 μm enthält.5. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the portion (11) of the tool contains graphite powder in a grain size of between about 50 and about 250 microns.
6. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkzeug im Umformbereich wenigstens eine Frontschicht aus Kunststoff enthaltend ein Material mit Gleiteigenschaften umfasst, wobei die Dicke der Frontschicht wenigstens etwa 5 mm beträgt.6. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tool in the forming area comprises at least one front layer made of plastic containing a material with sliding properties, the thickness of the front layer being at least about 5 mm.
7. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frontschicht (11) eine Dicke zwischen etwa 5 und etwa 15 mm aufweist.7. Tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the front layer (11) has a thickness between about 5 and about 15 mm.
8. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben dem aus Kunststoff bestehenden Teilbereich (11) das Werkzeug einen ebenfalls im wesentlichen aus Kunststoff bestehenden Hinterbau (12) aufweist.8. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in addition to the partial area (11) made of plastic, the tool also has a rear end (12) also essentially made of plastic.
9. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hinterbau des Werkzeugs aus einem einen Füllstoff enthaltenden Kunststoff besteht. 9. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rear of the tool consists of a plastic containing a filler.
10. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hinterbau (12) als Füllstoff Aluminium und/oder Grauguss und/oder Sand, vorzugsweise in Pulverform enthält.10. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rear structure (12) contains aluminum and / or gray cast iron and / or sand, preferably in powder form, as a filler.
11. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses ein Tiefziehwerkzeug ist.11. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that this is a deep-drawing tool.
12. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses ein Stempel, Blechhalter oder eine Matrize für das Tiefziehen von Metallteilen ist.12. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that this is a stamp, sheet holder or a die for the deep drawing of metal parts.
13. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses ein Tiefziehwerkzeug für das Umformen von Metallteilen für den Automobilbau oder Flugzeugbau ist. 13. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is a deep-drawing tool for the forming of metal parts for automobile construction or aircraft construction.
EP02790339A 2001-11-09 2002-11-06 Tool made from plastic Expired - Fee Related EP1446246B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10155234 2001-11-09
DE10155234A DE10155234A1 (en) 2001-11-09 2001-11-09 Plastic tool
PCT/EP2002/012389 WO2003039782A1 (en) 2001-11-09 2002-11-06 Tool made from plastic

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1446246A1 true EP1446246A1 (en) 2004-08-18
EP1446246B1 EP1446246B1 (en) 2008-06-11

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US (1) US20050034504A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1446246B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005507782A (en)
DE (2) DE10155234A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003039782A1 (en)

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DE102016007037A1 (en) * 2016-06-08 2017-12-14 Audi Ag Method for producing a metalworking tool
DE102016213375B4 (en) 2016-07-21 2022-10-13 Audi Ag Method of making a metalworking tool and metalworking tool

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US3088174A (en) * 1959-01-28 1963-05-07 Gen Motors Corp Method of producing a reinforced plastic die
US3631745A (en) * 1967-07-06 1972-01-04 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Method of fabricating metal dies
FR2640168B2 (en) * 1988-08-02 1994-09-02 Chausson Usines Sa PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RESIN CONCRETE TOOLS FOR FORMING, PARTICULARLY STAMPING, CUTTING AND THE LIKE, OF METAL SHEET PARTS
FR2676189B1 (en) * 1991-05-07 1995-07-07 Chausson Ingenierie PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOLS FOR PRESSING MACHINES.
DE19720927A1 (en) * 1996-05-20 1997-11-27 Hasco Normalien Hasenclever Co Lubricating coating for ejector pins in pressure diecasting tools
DE19646122C2 (en) * 1996-11-08 2003-04-10 Forschungsges Umformtechnik Hold-down device for the segmental control of the material flow
DE20013526U1 (en) * 2000-08-05 2000-12-07 Avdel Verbindungselemente Device for connecting sheets by punch riveting or clinching

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Title
See references of WO03039782A1 *

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WO2003039782A1 (en) 2003-05-15
DE50212369D1 (en) 2008-07-24
DE10155234A1 (en) 2003-05-22
US20050034504A1 (en) 2005-02-17
JP2005507782A (en) 2005-03-24
EP1446246B1 (en) 2008-06-11

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