EP1444867B1 - Mikrowellenapplikator - Google Patents

Mikrowellenapplikator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1444867B1
EP1444867B1 EP02783912A EP02783912A EP1444867B1 EP 1444867 B1 EP1444867 B1 EP 1444867B1 EP 02783912 A EP02783912 A EP 02783912A EP 02783912 A EP02783912 A EP 02783912A EP 1444867 B1 EP1444867 B1 EP 1444867B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
applicator
mode
microwave
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02783912A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1444867A2 (de
Inventor
Per Olov G. Risman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biotage AB
Original Assignee
Biotage AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biotage AB filed Critical Biotage AB
Priority to EP02783912A priority Critical patent/EP1444867B1/de
Publication of EP1444867A2 publication Critical patent/EP1444867A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1444867B1 publication Critical patent/EP1444867B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/70—Feed lines
    • H05B6/701—Feed lines using microwave applicators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/70—Feed lines
    • H05B6/705—Feed lines using microwave tuning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave applicator, to a system of microwave applicators and also to a method of using the applicator and the system in accordance with the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the field of microwave applicators to which to present invention belongs include those types having a load continuously transiting the heating chamber or chambers of the system.
  • the present invention is an improvement of heating systems consisting of mainly multiple single mode applicator assemblies in which the load to be heated has a constant cross section.
  • the simplest such applicator is a large multimode cavity, which may have holes in its walls (then preferably with attached metal tubes confining the microwaves to the cavity).
  • the short circular single mode TM 010 cavity is well known, but has the drawback that it can only take loads up to about 10 mm in diameter under favourable conditions, at the common microwave frequency of 2450 MHz. Better efficiency may be obtained with a longer circular TM 01p applicator.
  • TM 01 TM mode
  • TE and TM modes transverse electric and transverse magnetic (TM) modes.
  • Any TE modes used for the excitation of the load field have inherently a high impedance, and the typical loads of primary concern herein have a rather high permittivity, mainly between 10 and 70, and will therefore have a low impedance.
  • the lossiness of dielectric loads is by an equivalent electrical conductivity, but since TE modes lack an axial electric field component there is neither any efficient coupling for small loads nor any possibility to avoid a minimum axial length of the applicator of about half a free space wavelength.
  • TE modes are thus inferior to TM for the purpose here: namely allowing variations of the load permittivity, and using an axially short applicator, while maintaining high microwave efficiency.
  • the lowest order TM mode in the load is of the TM 0 type. This has a rotationally symmetric field and provides maximum heating at the load axis.
  • the most advanced version is described in the patent DE-2345706, where the load diameter is chosen so large that the heating intensity at the load periphery is very low; the applicator is then of the TM 02 type.
  • a drawback with that system is that the bound wave propagating at and in the dielectric rod-shaped load is that a very large fraction of its field energy resides inside the rod. This results in diffculties to confine the heating to only the load part inside the applicator, which in turn makes it necessary to allow axial zones outside the applicator with a length comparable to about twice the penetration depth, for residual heating and leakage protection.
  • the next higher order TM mode in the load is of the TM 1 type.
  • the heating pattern in the cross section of a reasonably circular load has then two diametrically located maxima, with a diametrical zone of zero heating at ⁇ 90°.
  • a microwave heating applicator with this mode is described in for example the patent US-5,834,744.
  • the applicator disclosed in that patent is excited by two diametrical slots fed by a common waveguide arranged in such a way that the TM 0 modes are suppressed.
  • the applicator is circular or polygonal, with the load located at the central axis, and the applicator mode is characterised by being of the TM 120 type. Additionally, the applicator design is dedicated for functioning with a longest possible axial length of the load of the order of one free space wavelength.
  • a waveguide mode transducer from rectangular TE 10 to TE 20 is described in for example the patent GB-1364734.
  • the transducer system is used to heat a wide and flat load moving past the end of the TE 20 waveguide. For that reason, stubs are placed in the waveguide to create mode impurities which would result in a heating pattern caused by a combination of that by the TE 10 and TE 20 modes, in an added external cavity with at least two such applicators and equipped with load rotation means.
  • One drawback with this known device is that the load needs to be wide and flat which limits the possibilities to heat larger volumes and also limits the possibility to control e.g. the heating rate.
  • the objects of the present invention are to achieve an applicator and a system of applicators that enable heating of load having a large cross section, that make it possible to more accurately control e.g. the heating rate and that better confine the heating in the load.
  • the system of microwave applicators according to the present invention consists mainly of multiple air-filled single mode applicators in which the load to be heated has a constant cross section.
  • a characteristic feature of the present invention is that the TM 1 type field in the load is created by using an applicator in which the basic second order electrical mode, in the terminology of the theory for multipole fields, is created. This is characterised by two maxima of the electrical field at opposite sides of the axis of the load; in its pure form this occurs in a closed circular TE 110 or TE 120 cavity.
  • the simplest rectangular waveguide or resonator in which this electric mode exists carries the TE 20 mode.
  • the microwave applicator is for applying microwave power to a load that preferably has a constant cross section.
  • the applicator is a mode transducer from rectangular TE 10 at the generator end to TE 20 at the application end and the load is located approximately centred and near a shorting wall of the latter section.
  • the mutually 90° displaced applicators in multi-applicator stacked assemblies have two additional functions: to confine the heating to take place mainly inside each applicator by choking action, and to act as a filter which reduces the crosstalk between adjacent applicators.
  • the field in the load is of the cylindrical TM 1 type and the pattern is improved by adding for example tuning rods between the opposite waveguide walls near the load.
  • the height of the applicator is made low; if this height is less than a half free space wavelength there can then be no mode with higher middle index than 0, i.e. the applicator fields are in principle the same at all levels.
  • the present invention is not limited to using a TE 10 waveguide with approximately half the width of the TE 20 part of the applicator, as shown in Fig.1 - but also a generalised feed where a portion includes a dielectric-filled waveguide carrying an equivalent mode to the rectangular TE 10 , which is also equivalent to the circular TE 11 mode.
  • the invention also includes applicators with larger heights, up to more than a full free space wavelength.
  • the uses of such applicators are typically not for continuously flowing loads but instead for stationary liquid loads in a round cylindrical microwave transparent container.
  • Such loads may be stirred by additional mechanical means such as a rotating beating device or a magnetic stirring system utilising small, magnetised bodies in the liquid.
  • additional mechanical means such as a rotating beating device or a magnetic stirring system utilising small, magnetised bodies in the liquid.
  • the uneven heating pattern with two maxima in the circular cross section is then overcome.
  • additional means are introduced according to the present invention.
  • the desired excitation type is the circular TM 1 field in a load, which is considered to have a small diameter for the purpose of this reasoning.
  • the mode is then TM 110 .
  • the simplest rectangular mode type in an empty waveguide that can excite the same load field type is the TE 20 waveguide mode.
  • the field along the centreline of propagation is then only magnetic, in the direction of propagation along the waveguide.
  • the applicators according to the invention have single feeds at the periphery of the waveguide-like structure, which has zero index in the axial (height) direction of the load.
  • the simplest such structure is thus a rectangular TE 201 cavity, but the feedings according to the invention and the fact that there is a net power propagation from the feeding towards the load will result in the last index being somewhat undefined, and in any case this distance to be more than half a guide wavelength in that direction.
  • a first example of the simplest applicator cross section perpendicular to the load axis is a rectangular box supporting a field which can best be described as rectangular TE 202 .
  • a part of the rectangular shaped applicator wall opposing and across from the feeding has a triangular cut. This is schematically illustrated in figure 1.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention relates to a rectangular TE 10 /TE 20 mode applicator (or transducer) 1 with the generator 2 connected at the TE 10 section.
  • the TE 20 section being closed by a shorting metal wall 3, and a cylindrical load 4 is located approximately at the centreline of the TE 20 section.
  • a tuning means 5 (here in the form of a rod) extends the whole way between the top and bottom surfaces in the TE 20 section.
  • the applicator is air-filled and made up from metal walls according to well-established manufacturing technique for microwave applicators. In the case of a pure TE 20 mode, the load location at the centreline provides the desired cylindrical TM 1 field in the load.
  • the rod 5 (preferably made from a metal) may then not be needed to obtain a symmetrical heating pattern in the load. However, it is of interest to provide a compact design, so in particular the TE 20 section is quite short.
  • the rod is then very convenient for adjusting the heating pattern; in addition, the rod 5 may also act to stabilise the heating pattern under conditions of different permittivity and dimensional changes of the load, as well as for improving the impedance matching.
  • the location of the load axis in relation to the shorting wall 3 should in accordance to the first order theory be a quarter mode wavelength away. However, it is normally determined by experiment or by microwave modelling.
  • the second preferred embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 2 relates to a system comprising two applicators 1,1' where the applicators have a common load axis, and that the applicators being rotated by approximately 90° around the load axis in relation to each other. It is naturally possible to arrange additional applicators where each applicator being rotated approximately 90° around the load axis with regard to an adjacent applicator.
  • the heating pattern has two diametrical maxima (each maximum is indicated by a "+”), one on each side of the TE 20 waveguide centreline 6; its angular variation can be described by a cos 2 function, according to known mode theory.
  • a second applicator will give a sin 2 variation, so that the summed angular variation will be 1, i.e. not vary at all.
  • the energy coupling between adjacent 90° displaced applicators by the load field may be made very small, so that the so-called crosstalk between such applicators will be very small, even if the associated generators are simultaneously excited.
  • the applicator 1 is designed so that it also works as a choke for the propagating fields from a first applicator through the load to a second applicator.
  • An example of this is shown in Figure 4, where only the lower applicator 1 is energised, and there is a second applicator 1'just above but none below the first applicator.
  • this feature is closely related to the first aspect of the second embodiment mentioned above.
  • the heating pattern is schematically illustrated in the same way as in figure 3.
  • the mode type to be choked is TE 10 .
  • the choking action is to be of the source (meaning excited load in this case) firstly being mismatched by the shorting wall 3, secondly by a field mismatch to this TE 10 mode in the TE 20 section, and thirdly another field mismatching when the TE 10 mode in it encounters the transducer section to the TE 10 section.
  • the third phenomenon has typically the strongest effect, and the procedure for choking optimisation is then by variation of the length of the TE 20 section, which is arbitrary with regard to the proper function of the applicator in heating mode, since the transition section as such is matched for that primary power flow.
  • the second parameter, for fine-tuning of the two functions of the applicator is to vary the location of the load axis in relation to the shorting wall 3, in combination with the use of one or several metal rods 5.
  • microwave modelling may be employed and will also allow studies of the various field patterns and intensities to assist in the work.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention relates to the design and use of multiple, low and closely stacked applicators to achieve high power densities in elongated or moving loads.
  • the TE 20 mode can in theory exist in a waveguide with arbitrarily small height, but there are of course practical limitations by the fact that the waveguide (integrated) impedance is proportional to its height, requiring a very large transformation ratio from the typically standard height of between a quarter and a half free space wavelength at magnetron generator transition to the TE 10 portion. There are, however, generally no problems when the height is changed in one short step 7 as shown in figure 5, by a factor of up to 3. This is then normally in the TE 20 section as shown in the same figure.
  • the step can also be used to improve the choking function, as described for the overall length of the TE 20 section for the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • An important aspect of the present invention in conjunction with the use of very low applicator heights is that the load location is where the electrical field of the TE 20 mode (there is in essence only a vertical such field) is minimum. Hence, the risk of arcing when high power is used is very much less than with rectangular TE 10 applicators (or, equivalently, cylindrical TM 0n0 applicators). By the combined use of multiple 90° displaced applicators with mutual choking function, extremely high heating intensities can quite easily be achieved also with typical magnetron powers, without any risk of arcing.
  • the heating rate With a specific heat capacity of the load of half of that of water, the heating rate then becomes over 100 K/ second.
  • Such heating rates may be desirable in pharmaceutical microwave chemistry applications, where polar liquids with reactants are very rapidly heated under high pressure to over 200°C.
  • FIG. 4 An example of the choking function also confining the heating pattern to only the energised applicator is shown in Figure 4 where an upper and a lower applicator are indicated.
  • the two stacked waveguide applicators (as illustrated in figure 2) are 25 mm high (b dimension) and the TE 10 and TE 20 sections are 86 and 172 mm wide ( ⁇ dimension), respectively.
  • the load diameter is 40 mm, its permittivity is 25-j6, the load is contained in a 5 mm material thickness glass tube with permittivity 4 and the operating frequency is 2450 MHz.
  • the distance from the TE 20 shorting wall to the centrally located load axis is 28 mm; the metal rod has a diameter of 17 mm and is located 10 mm to the left (in the direction of the TE 10 H knee inner corner) and 80 mm from the TE 20 shorting wall.
  • additional metal rods 8 are used as shown in Figure 6, with loads of such cross sectional size or shape that some deviations from the sin 2 angular variation occurs. Such variations are primarily caused by internal resonance effects in the load, or by non-resonant edge diffraction if the load has axial edges.
  • the method for determining the locations and sizes of these rods is again primarily by microwave modelling. It is then generally preferred to arrange four rods in a square pattern if the load cross section is also square (as in figure 6), to maintain the capability for choking by adjacent applicators.
  • the rod pattern can then be varied by both side length and angular position in relation to the TE 20 waveguide axis direction.
  • FIG. 7 An example of heating pattern in the central cross section plane of a 100 ⁇ 100 mm square, long load with permittivity 30-j3 at 915 MHz in an applicator with 60 mm height and 500 mm TE 20 section width is shown in Figure 7.
  • the heating pattern is illustrated by using "++" for the warmest part, "+” for the next warmest parts and so on to the coldest part that is indicated with a "-".
  • the load axis is 126 mm from the shorting wall and displaced by 18 mm from the applicator centreline. It is seen that the heating pattern becomes quite even with two, and even more so with four 90° displaced applicators.
  • the applicator is substantially thicker at least in the part of the TE 20 mode section where the load is arranged than in the TE 10 mode section, in a direction perpendicular to the major wave propagation.
  • This fifth embodiment is illustrated in figures 8 and 9.
  • the present invention also includes applicators with larger heights, up to more than a full free space wavelength.
  • a refinement of this embodiment of the invention is to then use metal plates parallell to the broad sides (floor and ceiling) of the applicator.
  • One metal plate 8 is seen in figures 8 and 9. These plates may be in continuous galvanic contact with the side (vertical) applicator walls, but that is not necessary for proper function.
  • a plate acts as a mode filter, prohibiting propagation of other than TE 20 p modes, provided the (vertical) distance between any plate(s) and the applicator floor or ceiling does not exceed about a half free space wavelength. Several plates may thus be used.
  • An extension of this embodiment is to firstly employ an upwards slope 7' from a part of the applicator near or in its feed by a TE 10 waveguide, or near the dielectric rod feed, being the transducer means according to the sixth embodiment described below, and secondly use a metal plate which extends to a position rather close to the slope.
  • This is illustrated in figure 8 where the metal plate 8 extends close to the waveguide slope 7' and the opposite applicator side wall in one cross section, and from the side wall of the TE 10 waveguide almost all the way to the load in the perpendicular cross section.
  • Figure 9 schematically illustrates the fifth embodiment from above where is shown the TE 20 mode section 12 provided with a metal plate 8, a load 4 and a tuning means 5.
  • a generalised transducer means is arranged between the waveguide transition between the TE 10 mode section and TE 20 mode section.
  • This generalised transducer means will be described with references to figures 10 and 11.
  • the transducer means is applicable to all embodiments of the present invention described herein.
  • Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the present invention and figure 11 shows a view from above schematically illustrating the same embodiment.
  • Figure 10 a schematic illustration showing the TE 10 mode section 14, a transducer means 10 and the TE 20 mode section 12. The same features are shown in figure 11 that in addition show the load 4 and the tuning means 5.
  • the transducer means 10 includes a dielectric-filled waveguide carrying the same mode as the rectangular TE 10 , which is equivalent to the circular TE 11 mode.
  • Such pressurised windows are just variable thickness, microwave transparent plates under mechanical pressure between two TE 10 waveguide flanges.
  • the impedance mismatching due to the plate is commonly so small (since the plate is relatively thin) that compensation is made by simple discrete components such as metal posts in the waveguide.
  • the fact that a half wavelength thick plate (of the window material) may minimise reflections may be employed.
  • Conical tapering into both the mating waveguides using low permittivity plastic material bodies is another possibility.
  • Such a transducer means is fed from a symmetrically located hole in the shorted end of the TE 10 waveguide and is impedance matched without any additional means.
  • the length of the dielectric-filled waveguide portion can therefore be arbitrarily long. This design is inherently different to prior art windows by the intermediate dielectric-filled waveguide section being impedance matched to the airfilled waveguide.
  • a preferred design of the transducer means is shown in figure 10, where a rectangular TE 10 waveguide 14 has a lower height (commonly labelled b dimension) than the other similar waveguide 12.
  • a circularly cylindrical ceramic body 10 protrudes certain but different distances into the waveguide ends, and is surrounded by metal between the waveguides. There are no additional matching components.
  • This type of matched transducer means requires certain dielectric data and diameters of the body, in relation to the rectangular waveguide dimensions and operating frequencies, in order for a sufficiently broadband impedance matching to be achieved.
  • an alumina rod with permittivity 9 must be about 29 mm in diameter and protrude about 25,5 mm into the waveguide.
  • an alumina rod with permittivity 9 must be about 29 mm in diameter and protrude about 25,5 mm into the waveguide.
  • a 60 ⁇ 86 mm waveguide and a rod with permittivity 6,8 its diameter must be about 38 mm and the protrusion must be about 28 mm.
  • the protruding part of the rod 10 can be made slightly wider than the rest, so that the rod cannot slide away.
  • the protrusion length of the wider part must than be made somewhat shorter.
  • Other deviations from the cylindrical shape can also be employed for the purpose, and are all within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
  • the insensitivity to liquid column height variations is to employ rod-shaped dielectric bodies with rather high permittivity, parallell to the metal rod 5.
  • the rods must then have a permittivity comparable with that of the liquid load, and also a comparable cross section area.
  • two rods with permittivity 20 and diameter 30 mm are located close to the load, on each side of the TE 20 centreline.
  • the sensitivity to liquid column height variations, as well as to load permittivity variations, is then reduced. Also the impedance matching variations for variations of these load parameters is reduced.
  • a typical applicator for 2450 MHz will have horizontal dimensions about 170 ⁇ 210 mm, plus the prolongation by a TE 10 feed waveguide. With a diameter of the load container of about 55 mm, the filling factor (load volume divided by applicator volume) becomes quite small. There may be instances when it is desirable to reduce the applicator dimensions. This can then be made by three methods:
  • the waveguide (the TE 20 mode section) is filled (or partly filled) with a dielectric material, e.g. PTFE or a ceramic material. This is mainly in order to decrease the size of the TE 20 mode section.
  • a dielectric material e.g. PTFE or a ceramic material.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the applicator, the system or the method for performing organic chemical synthesis reactions, and also for very rapid heating of wood, for cell wall disruption or similar.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Mikrowellenapplikator für ein Einleiten von Lasten, welcher ein Wellenleiterübergang zwischen dem Rechteck-TE10 und -TE20-Modus ist, enthaltend einen TE10-Modus-Abschnitt und einen TE20-Modus-Abschnitt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der TE20-Modus-Abschnitt derart angepasst ist, dass er die Last (4) in dem TE20-Modus-Abschnitt aufnehmen kann, und dass die Last so angepasst ist, dass sie mit ihrer Hauptachse senkrecht zu der Hauptausbreitungsrichtung des TE20-Modus in der Nähe einer Kurzschlusswand (3) des TE20-Modus-Abschnitts und auch in der Nähe der Mittellinie der genannten Ausbreitungsrichtung angeordnet ist.
  2. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrowellenenergie über eine Zuführeinrichtung, welche an dem TE10-Modus-Abschnitt angeordnet ist, dem Applikator zugeführt wird.
  3. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine dielektrische Wandlereinrichtung (10) zwischen dem TE10-Modus-Abschnitt (14) und dem TE20-Modus-Abschnitt (12) liegt.
  4. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dielektrischen Wandlereinrichtung ein mit dielektrischem Material gefülltes Rohr enthält.
  5. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Applikator mindestens in dem Teil des TE20-Modus-Abschnittes, in welchem die Last angeordnet ist, in einer Richtung senkrecht zu der Hauptwellenausbreitungsrichtung wesentlich dünner ist als in dem TE10-Modus-Abschnitt.
  6. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Applikator mindestens in dem Teil des TE20-Modus-Abschnittes, in welchem die Last angeordnet ist, in einer Richtung senkrecht zu der Hauptwellenausbreitungsrichtung wesentlich dicker ist als in dem TE10-Modus-Abschnitt.
  7. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Metallplatte (8) in dem TE20-Modus-Abschnitt angeordnet ist, um als Modusfilter zu wirken.
  8. Mikrowellenapplikator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine einzige Abstimmeinrichtung (5) so angeordnet ist, dass sie sich durch den Applikator hindurch erstreckt und sich in der Nähe der Last befindet, um ein im Wesentlichen symmetrisches zylindrisches Modusmuster vom TM1-Typ in der Last vorzusehen.
  9. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstimmeinrichtung aus Metall hergestellt ist.
  10. Mikrowellenapplikator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstimmeinrichtung aus einem dielektrischen Metall, z. B. Aluminium, hergestellt ist.
  11. Mikrowellenapplikator nach einem der Ansprüche 8 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei von vier Abstimmeinrichtungen (8) paarweise diametral die Last umgebend angeordnet sind.
  12. Mikrowellenapplikator nach einem der Ansprüche 8-11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstimmeinrichtung stabförmig ist.
  13. Mikrowellenapplikator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Last einen Querschnitt hat, welcher im Wesentlichen kreisförmig ist.
  14. Mikrowellenapplikator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der TE20-Modus-Abschnitt mindestens teilweise mit einem dielektrischen Material gefüllt ist, z. B. PTFE oder einem keramischen Material.
  15. System bestehend aus mindestens zwei Mikrowellenapplikatoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Applikatoren eine gemeinsame Lastachse haben, und dass benachbarte Applikatoren um ungefähr 90° um die Lastachse gedreht sind.
  16. System nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Applikatoren mit Energie versorgt ist, und dass benachbarte mit Energie versorgte oder nicht mit Energie versorgte Applikatoren als Drossel für benachbarte mit energie versorgte Applikatoren dienen.
  17. Verfahren zum Entwerfen eines Applikators nach einem der Ansprüche 1
    - 14 oder eines Systems nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren folgende Schritte enthält:
    - Verwenden einer im Wesentlichen vollständigen Modus-Wandler-Funktion zwischen Rechteck-TE10- und TE20 des 90° H Knie-Typs
    - Kurzschließen des TE20-Endes und Anordnen der Last mit ihrer Hauptachse senkrecht zu der Hauptausbreitungsrichtung des TE20-Modus nahe einer Kurzschlusswand des Abschnitts und nahe der Mittellinie der Ausbreitungsrichtung,
    - Einführen einer Abstimmeinrichtung zwischen einander gegenüberliegenden Hauptwänden des Wellenleiters nahe der Last,
    - Einrichten eines TM1-Typ-Feldes in der Last mittels Durchführen von Experimenten oder Mikrowellen-Modellieren unter Verwendung von Durchmesser und Stellungen der Abstimmeinrichtung als Variable.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, wenn dieser von Anspruch 15 oder 16 abhängt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren weiterhin enthält:
    - Ändern der Länge des TE20-Abschnittes durch Experiment oder Mikrowelle-Modellieren, bis die Kreuzkopplung zwischen den Applikatoren minimal wird.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass das Verfahren weiterhin enthält:
    - Ändern der Dicke des TE20-Abschnitts durch Experiment oder Mikrowellen-Modellieren.
  20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren weiterhin enthält:
    - Hinzufügen eines zweiten, um 90° versetzten, jedoch ansonsten identischen Appliaktors, so dass die Lastachse eine gemeinsame wird.
  21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 - 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren weiterhin enthält:
    - Anpassen des Applikators an eine Last mit einem nicht-kreisförmigen Querschnitt durch Verwenden von zwei oder vier Abstimmeinrichtungen, welche mindestens diametral paarweise die Last umgeben, und durch
    - Verändern der Stellungen dieser Abstimmeinrichtungen durch Experiment oder Mikrowellen-Modellieren, bis eine akzeptabel gleichmäßige, integrierte Erhitzung erreicht worden ist.
  22. Verwendung eines Applikators, eines Systems oder eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche zum Durchführen von organisch chemischen Synthesereaktionen.
  23. Verwendung eines Applikators, eines Systems oder eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1-21 für sehr schnelles Erhitzen von Holz, für Zellwandunterbrechung oder dergleichen.
EP02783912A 2001-11-09 2002-11-05 Mikrowellenapplikator Expired - Lifetime EP1444867B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02783912A EP1444867B1 (de) 2001-11-09 2002-11-05 Mikrowellenapplikator

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33232901P 2001-11-09 2001-11-09
EP01000611 2001-11-09
US332329P 2001-11-09
EP01000611 2001-11-09
PCT/SE2002/002004 WO2003040630A2 (en) 2001-11-09 2002-11-05 Microwave applicator system
EP02783912A EP1444867B1 (de) 2001-11-09 2002-11-05 Mikrowellenapplikator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1444867A2 EP1444867A2 (de) 2004-08-11
EP1444867B1 true EP1444867B1 (de) 2006-01-25

Family

ID=56290353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02783912A Expired - Lifetime EP1444867B1 (de) 2001-11-09 2002-11-05 Mikrowellenapplikator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1444867B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4330994B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE316751T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2002347715B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2465932C (de)
DE (1) DE60208920T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2003040630A2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9282594B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-03-08 Eastman Chemical Company Wood heater with enhanced microwave launching system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006130385A (ja) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-25 Tokyo Denshi Kk マイクロ波化学反応装置
US8674275B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2014-03-18 Corning Incorporated Method of fabricating a honeycomb structure using microwaves
JP5740414B2 (ja) * 2011-02-18 2015-06-24 充佳 岸原 高周波照射構造、流路構造体、及び高周波照射装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3247472A (en) * 1963-03-06 1966-04-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave devices exhibiting mode conversion using a resonantly biased gyromagnetic material
SE343742B (de) * 1970-10-19 1972-03-13 Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Ab
US5756975A (en) * 1996-11-21 1998-05-26 Ewes Enterprises Apparatus and method for microwave curing of resins in engineered wood products

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9282594B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-03-08 Eastman Chemical Company Wood heater with enhanced microwave launching system
US9456473B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-09-27 Eastman Chemical Company Dual vessel chemical modification and heating of wood with optional vapor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4330994B2 (ja) 2009-09-16
ATE316751T1 (de) 2006-02-15
DE60208920D1 (de) 2006-04-13
DE60208920T2 (de) 2006-09-07
CA2465932A1 (en) 2003-05-15
WO2003040630A2 (en) 2003-05-15
WO2003040630A3 (en) 2003-12-04
AU2002347715B2 (en) 2007-01-18
EP1444867A2 (de) 2004-08-11
JP2005509249A (ja) 2005-04-07
CA2465932C (en) 2013-02-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6960747B2 (en) Microwave applicator system
EP1044113B1 (de) Gerät und methode zur plasmaentladung mit dynamischer regelung
US4392039A (en) Dielectric heating applicator
CA2920411C (en) Traveling wave antenna for electromagnetic heating
EP1466504B1 (de) Mikrowellensystem zum erhitzen voluminöser länglicher lasten
US4513424A (en) Laser pumped by X-band microwaves
US6759808B2 (en) Microwave stripline applicators
EP1437033B1 (de) Mikrowellenheizvorrichtung
US7528353B2 (en) Microwave heating device
EP1444867B1 (de) Mikrowellenapplikator
US7276996B2 (en) Slotted dielectric resonators and circuits with slotted dielectric resonators
AU2002347715A1 (en) Microwave applicator system
US6933482B2 (en) Microwave heating apparatus
CN100544527C (zh) 微波加热设备、系统、方法及应用
CA2633939A1 (en) Microwave heating applicator
WO1993024969A1 (en) Tuning device for microwave dielectric resonators and filters
EP1521501A1 (de) Mikrowellenheizvorrichtung
EP1436077B1 (de) Mikrowellen beheizte vorrichtung
JP3269683B2 (ja) 漏れ波ｎｒｄガイド
Oksanen Variational analysis of dielectrically loaded multidepth corrugated waveguides
JP2006130385A (ja) マイクロ波化学反応装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20040507

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20041001

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: BIOTAGE AB

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20060125

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60208920

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20060413

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060425

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060425

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060506

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: A. BRAUN, BRAUN, HERITIER, ESCHMANN AG PATENTANWAE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060626

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20061106

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20061130

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20061026

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060426

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Owner name: BIOTAGE AB

Free format text: BIOTAGE AB#KUNGSGATAN 76#753 18 UPPSALA (SE) -TRANSFER TO- BIOTAGE AB#KUNGSGATAN 76#753 18 UPPSALA (SE)

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20061105

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060125

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PCAR

Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: HOLBEINSTRASSE 36-38, 4051 BASEL (CH)

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20151123

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20151117

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20151112

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20151120

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20151123

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20151130

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60208920

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20161201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20161105

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161130

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20170731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161106

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161105

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170601