EP1440363B1 - Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback - Google Patents
Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1440363B1 EP1440363B1 EP02787352A EP02787352A EP1440363B1 EP 1440363 B1 EP1440363 B1 EP 1440363B1 EP 02787352 A EP02787352 A EP 02787352A EP 02787352 A EP02787352 A EP 02787352A EP 1440363 B1 EP1440363 B1 EP 1440363B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- input device
- articulation
- frame
- carrier element
- grip
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G9/04737—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with six degrees of freedom
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04766—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks providing feel, e.g. indexing means, means to create counterforce
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an input device according to a parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback for a computer, in particular for medical teleoperation with instruments, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such input devices are preferably required for difficult manipulations of objects, which a person should not make directly on them by hand, but remotely via an auxiliary machine or a robot with feeling. For the most part, these are complex activities that require flexible, manual intervention by the operator and in which a purely visual control of the robot activity is not sufficient.
- the operator who is usually locally separate from the work site, receives important additional information independent of the visual sense channel via a haptic feedback of the input device.
- the haptic sense channel which conveys both tactile and kinesthetic impressions, the operator, for example, the position, orientation, weight and inertia of the robot and a possibly placed tool made tangible or palpable.
- the operator can obtain information about the object to be manipulated itself, such as its size, shape, strength and surface texture.
- the operator can thus, with the help of the robot and the input device, fully feel the working environment and feel the effect of its remote action - with or without additional visual control.
- Typical applications for such a telenavigation or operation are working in hostile environments such as in nuclear power plants, under water or in space.
- Control of construction machinery, defusing bombs and in particular the telesurgery are other application examples in which the haptic feedback of a (fem) input device is desired or even essential.
- Such input devices can also be used for the computer assisted simulation of manipulations of objects or human bodies described above, such as for experimental, educational and training purposes.
- both the manipulating tool, possibly without a robot, and the object to be processed are only present virtually in a computer or on its screen. In the simplest case, this may be a mouse pointer or an illustrated finger on a push button graphical user interface.
- such input devices can also be used in combinations of real and virtual manipulation or haptic feedback.
- the linear actuators or their pull / push rods essentially form a two- and a tripod, the foot-side ends are articulated individually movable on a common frame and the tip-side ends are coupled in each case via multiple hinges with a likewise rod-shaped support member movable. Further, a pin-like handle is arranged on the support element.
- five mechanical degrees of freedom with haptic feedback and two on the handle arranged on / off keys are available with this input device, with actuators and buttons are connected to a computer.
- a major disadvantage of this device is that it must be intervened to operate in the graceful structure of the five linear actuators and the handle, which may conflict with the hand or the forearm of the operator with the actuators. This may cause undesirable control effects, damage the device, or even cause forearm injuries.
- stand Only five active degrees of freedom are available and the buttons on the handle of the support element allow only the input of Boolean information.
- the drive comprises six spindles driven by stepping motors which, arranged in pairs, form the shape of a tripod, one leg in each case consisting of two spindles guided approximately parallel to one another.
- the control knob At the top of the tripod is the control knob, which is coupled to the spindle via a triangular plate.
- the device has a power back transmission capability in six degrees of freedom, with the control knob itself being passive. Due to the sluggish and coarse motor operation, the device is not suitable for delicate manipulations, such as e.g. are required for handling or remote control of surgical instruments. In addition, the range of action of the device is very limited, so that a larger area can only be processed with the aid of corresponding image scales greater than one. Additional tool functions with corresponding haptic feedback are not available in addition to the mere navigation of a connected robot in this device.
- the mobility of the handle pair forms the fifth degree of freedom.
- a disadvantage of this input device is the complex and essentially serial structure of the kinematics with the known vulnerabilities.
- only for the gimbal suspension and for the displacement axis corresponding force feedback functions are provided.
- the limited in practice to a few degrees pivoting range allows a realistic laparoscopy to unsatisfactory extent.
- the invention has for its object to provide a parallel kinematic input device with haptic feedback, which provides an active actuation function for a real or virtual tool and allows intuitive, realistic manipulation in a simple manner for many applications.
- any handles can be modeled with a second handle part, which forms a corresponding pair of handle parts with the first.
- these are handles of hand-operated tools and instruments, such as scissors, forceps, ferrules, syringes or any other tools or instruments with comparable gripping surfaces intended for hands or fingers.
- handle part pair of the invention is advantageous in that the operator no longer has to adjust to unergonomic controls or unfamiliar handles.
- surgeons who have to acquire the handles for the precise operation of the medical instrumentation in a year-long and continuous training, benefit from the described solution with two handle parts.
- the actuating direction of the handle parts is preferably aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent of the support member, but may also be perpendicular or at any other angle thereto.
- tools that do not have their own operating mechanism such as a screwdriver or a scalpel.
- this is also possible for tools or machines that are not operated directly by hand.
- Another significant advantage of the input device according to the invention is that the mutually movable grip parts also have a haptic feedback by means of an intermediate, force-sensitive grip actuator.
- handle actuators known drives, such as electromagnetic linear or stepper motors can be used. Also pneumatic or hydraulic drives are conceivable for this purpose.
- the handle actuator used may have any degrees of freedom, preferably the same or the same as the handle parts themselves. It is advantageous if the handle actuator simultaneously carries and / or guides at least one of the handle parts with corresponding joints. In this case, the handle actuator may be mounted on or on the carrier element and partially on the handle parts or only on the handle parts.
- the parallel kinematic design principle often used in the prior art for processing machines with several, preferably identical linear actuators, is generally poorly known for input devices or for input / output devices. Nevertheless, even with these devices comparable advantages with respect to those with serial kinematics, such as, for example, lower component and maintenance requirements, higher precision and dynamics as well as easier control can be achieved.
- variable-length linear actuators used may preferably be electromagnetic linear direct drives, but also pneumatic or hydraulic linear direct drives.
- spindle and rack drives are conceivable, with only the distance of the linkages variable and the spindle or the rack itself is constant in length.
- force-sensitive actuators these drives also allow control of deflection and counteracting load.
- the linear actuators of the input device according to the invention are connected in a conventional manner by means of linkages, such as cardan, spherical head or ball joint or an alternative joint, both with the frame and with the support element in two rotational degrees of freedom or pivotally, the linear actuators or whose actuators and stators together form a tripod.
- the frame itself can be made multi-level or, for example, be a simple holder or a flat mounting plate.
- the carrier element itself is preferably designed as a straight rod, eg as a tube or square profile. Further, it is possible to perform the support element arcuate.
- three additional linkages are provided on the frame in addition to the three already existing.
- the further articulation of the carrier element is designed as a second multiple articulation with three individual or combined articulations. It is essential that in addition three further force-sensitive linear actuators are provided, which each act on the second multiple articulation of the carrier element and on the three other linkages of the frame.
- the three linear actuators or their actuators and stators essentially form a second tripod.
- the first multiple articulation is movable relative to the second multiple articulation. This means that the two tips of the tripods are also movable relative to each other, whereas the six frame-side linkages and the feet of the tripods remain stationary with respect to each other.
- the six linear actuators or the two tripods functionally form the grip actuator and the two grip parts are each structurally associated with one of the tripods.
- the locations of the six frame-side linkages are constant relative to one another.
- the multiple articulations on the carrier element and the linear actuators of the one tripod coupled thereto are movable relative to those of the other tripod.
- the carrier element can thus consist essentially of two mutually movable parts, wherein each part of the carrier element is assigned a handle part and the multiple articulation of a tripod or attached thereto. It is advantageous for one that the degree of freedom of the multi-part support member for the handle parts to be moved can be used as a wrist joint.
- the grip actuator no longer has to guide the grip parts and can be made correspondingly simpler.
- a special advantage proves to be others that the linear actuators split into two tripods can completely replace the grip actuator. There are enough degrees of freedom available with six linear actuators. In mutually stationary multiple articulations of the carrier element, only five degrees of freedom are required for the mathematical definition of the position / load of the input device.
- the missing information for the grip position / load is obtained from the position / load of the sixth linear actuator. If the handle position / load remains constant during operation, the sixth linear actuator has a positive effect on precision and reliability due to the mathematical overdetermination. In addition, the stability and reliability of the input device according to the invention is increased in this case.
- the mathematical calculations in the control or evaluation of the position / load are particularly simple if each three of the linear actuators form an ideal tripod, at the tips of the support member is articulated. If, in the tips, the axes of the linear actuators coincide at least fictitiously in a single point of intersection, and if this point of intersection lies in the axis of the carrier element, it is possible to use trivial calculation methods.
- the linear actuators of the tripods but also skewed converge, for example, if the linkages on the support element as in the prior art are arranged side by side or do not intersect the axes of rotation of a linkage.
- the linkages on the support element as in the prior art are arranged side by side or do not intersect the axes of rotation of a linkage.
- the structure of the input device according to the invention consisting of frame, linear actuators and support element, depending on the circumstances at the installation site can be variably configured.
- the section of the carrier element located between the two multiple articulations outside both tripods, outside the one and inside the other tripod, or inside both tripods.
- the first configuration is preferably the first configuration to choose.
- the latter two can provide more benefits.
- the respective frame-side articulation of the two tripods can each span a frame plane, which are preferably spaced parallel to each other.
- the two frame levels can for example be designed as rings and fixedly connected to each other via spacers.
- the mathematical calculations are simplified considerably if the respective frame-side linkages of the tripods are the vertices of two equilateral triangles, especially if the triangles are spaced parallel to each other, and the connecting line of the triangle centers to the triangles is perpendicular and the two triangles to the connecting line one sixth full circle, ie about 60 degrees, are pivoted against each other.
- the further articulation on the carrier element is likewise designed here as a second multiple or double articulation.
- two further force-sensitive linear actuators are provided, each of which acts on the second multiple articulation and on the two further articulations of the frame, wherein the linear actuators essentially form a bipod and the distance between the two multiple articulations is constant. Grouping into a tripod and a tripod again has mathematical advantages.
- the support element itself is lijnskonstant and preferably made in one piece.
- the handle actuator is kinematically independent of the linear actuators arranged on or on the carrier element, so that in addition to the mobility of the handle parts are also five degrees of freedom for general navigation available.
- the further articulation of the support element therefore also represents the articulation on the frame.
- the multiple articulation is movable relative to the further articulation, preferably displaceable relative to one another in the axial direction of the carrier element.
- two rotational degrees of freedom ie pivoting about the further articulation of the support member, preferably at a point available.
- the portion of the support element, which is located between the multiple articulation and the further (frame-side) articulation, is preferably variable in length, for example by means of a cylinder / piston combination.
- the carrier element can also be constant in length, wherein it is then necessary for it to be displaceable relative to the further (frame-side) articulation, for example as a rack pivotable in the pivot point. Accordingly, with this additional linear degree of freedom in the axial direction of the carrier element, the distance of the two gripping parts to the pivot point, ie to the further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element, can be changed. This variability can be described as "immersion" of the handles or the instrument in the object to be processed. If the grip actuator is arranged directly between the grip parts, ie kinematically independently of the tripod, then the three linear actuators are also sufficient for the mathematical certainty of this additional degree of freedom. This simple input device with only three linear actuators is ideal for less complex tasks. Thus, for example, in a simpler laparoscopic procedure in an abdominal wall, longitudinal mobility limited to a given pivot point is no longer a hindrance.
- the tripod and the handle actuator are each assigned one of the grip parts.
- the support member may be formed as a slide / guide combination, wherein the first part of this combination with the first handle part and the multiple articulation of the support member is firmly connected, while the second part relative to the first is displaceable and with the second handle part and the other ( frame side) articulation of the support element is connected.
- the first handle actuator can hereby at a be arranged anywhere between the other (frame-side) articulation of the support member and the second handle part. For example, this can be the case when using a rack as a second part of the slide / guide combination directly in the other (frame-side) linkage.
- the grip actuator can also be interposed or integrated into the carrier element at its engagement points, with the carrier element then virtually representing a fourth active leg in this section.
- the calculation method and design complexity are also simplified when the three linear actuators form an ideal tripod, at the tip of which the carrier element is at least fictitiously articulated.
- a further simplification results when the three linkages of the frame and the further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element lie in one plane.
- the three linkages of the frame are the corner points of an equilateral triangle, in the center of gravity of the further (frame-side) articulation of the support element is arranged.
- the plane or the triangle can also be frame plane.
- the two handle parts are arranged rotatably about the support member, wherein a force-sensitive Grifffitaktuator is provided, is coupled via the at least one of the handle parts with the support member.
- the two grip parts are connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner, so that it is sufficient to couple only one grip part to the grip actuator.
- the second With a corresponding rotational movement of the first handle part, the second follows the first positively guided in the direction of rotation about the carrier element.
- rotary motion such as a screwdriver, possible.
- complex tasks such as cutting and rolling a thread with a pair of scissors, can be performed under haptic feedback.
- a force-sensitive Grifffitaktuator a stepper motor can be used.
- the carrier element is designed in at least three parts, wherein two of the parts in the multiple articulation are rotatably movable and are coupled via a force-sensitive Grifffitaktuator with the third part.
- the gripping parts can each be fixed in a rotationally fixed manner to the first two parts of the carrier element.
- the carrier element is in this case preferably designed as a slide / guide combination, slide and guide being non-rotatable relative to one another and acting as a combination in the multiple articulation and in the axial direction of the carrier element, e.g. by means of a turntable, are rotatable.
- a force-sensitive Grifffitaktuator turn a stepper motor can be used. This is turned on between the rotatable parts and the third part, wherein the third part is rotationally fixed to the second multiple articulation or to the further articulation.
- the carrier element projects out of the region which the multiple articulation and the further articulation of the carrier element form, in the axial direction of the carrier element.
- At least one handle part is arranged outside this area. It is both possible to extend the carrier element on one side beyond this area and to extend both gripping parts on this one extension, ie on one side outside, and to extend the carrier element on both sides and one of the gripping parts on each one of the opposite extension, ie on both sides outside to arrange.
- the handle parts can be arranged outside the range of motion of the linear actuators. Of significant advantage is that the hand or the fingers of the operator can no longer collide with the actuators.
- the linear actuators and the frame can be clearly spaced from the handle parts.
- the frame and linear actuators in a compact design below and the handle parts above a desk, wherein the support element protrudes through the frame plane and / or table surface.
- At least one of the two grip parts has at least one gripping opening, e.g. for at least one finger similar to a pair of scissors.
- the operator can work very ergonomically depending on the preference and the tool used. Furthermore, it is possible to install the individual handle parts firmly and neutral. In the latter case, it is preferably possible to switch or change between a plurality of real or virtual tools and / or different tool functions at the push of a button.
- a real or virtual laparoscopic instrument can be remotely controlled, wherein the handle parts are modeled on those of a laparoscopic instrument.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a particularly preferred embodiment of the input device according to the invention with a fixed frame 10 and a relatively movable rod-shaped support member 30.
- the frame 10 and the support member 30 via six independent, adjustable in length and similarly executed linear actuators 20 and 21 with each other connected.
- the frame 10 has a lower and an upper frame ring 11 and 12. These are spaced from each other in a parallel or congruent manner by three spacers 13 which are arranged regularly and perpendicularly in the circumferential direction.
- the frame rings 11 and 12 are respectively connected to the first ends of the three linear actuators 20 and 21 via only schematically illustrated linkages 41 and 40, of which FIG.
- the three linkages 40 and the three links 41 on the frame rings 11 and 12 form two equilateral triangle, which are pivoted against each other by 60 degrees.
- the three linear actuators 20 form a first and the three linear actuators 21 form a second group of three, each in the form of a substantially tapered tripod with a regular base surface, wherein the two tripods are opposed to each other and regularly interlocked.
- the linear actuators 20 and 21 with their second ends via not shown Mehrfachanlenkungen 51 and 50 to the lower end of a Anlenkelements 33 and the lower end of a slide member 31 of the support member 30 in two rotational degrees of freedom, such as with a ball or universal joint, pivotally connected.
- the articulation element 33 is in this case opposite the multiple articulation 51 or the second ends of the linear actuators 20 in its own axial direction or carrier element direction rotatably provided, whereas at the lower end of the slide member 31 additionally an unillustrated pivot is interposed, which allows the slide member 31 to rotate about its own axis or in sensibleelementides against the Mehrfachanlenk Institute 50 and the second ends of the linear actuators 21.
- the rotary joint such as a turntable, is preferably structurally combined with the multiple articulation 50.
- the carrier element 30 also has a guide element 32, which is guided in sections in the rotatable manner in the tubular slide element 31 and is provided so as to be displaceable relative thereto.
- a Grifffitaktuator or stepper motor 80 Between the lower end of the guide member 32 and the upper end of the hinge member 33 is a Grifffitaktuator or stepper motor 80, respectively.
- This stepping motor 80 rotatably couples the guide element 32 and the slide element 31 with the articulation element 33 about the carrier element axis.
- the slider element 31 and the portion of the guide element 32 which is located outside of the two tripods forms an extension projecting on one side from the region or section of the multiple linkages 50 and 51.
- the extension penetrates the upper frame ring 11.
- a first handle portion 70 and the upper end of the guide member 32 a second handle portion 71 is attached, which form a mutually displaceable handle part pair.
- Both handle parts have from the support member 30 laterally spaced gripping openings, wherein the gripping opening of the first handle portion 70 is provided for a thumb and the gripping opening of the second handle portion 71 for the index and middle finger of a hand of an operator.
- the two gripping parts 70 and 71 are compressed by manual actuation, for example, the multiple articulations 50 and 51 move away from one another. If this is done by pressing down the first handle part 70 on the second handle part 71, without spatially changing position and orientation of the second case, so the guide member 32 is moved a little way through the stationary slide member 31 and caused by the multiple link 51 a length and Orientation change of the linear actuators 20. Is the compression of handle parts 70 and 71 by a drawing on of the second to thereby stationary first, the slider element 31 is pulled along the guide member with the multi-linkage 50 upwards, and as a result, the length and orientation of the linear actuators 21 change accordingly.
- this embodiment with the six linear actuators 20 and 21 and the stepper motor 80 has six, ie three translational and three rotary active space degrees of freedom and an active translational Betrelifacts shockedsgrad, the handle actuator replaced by combination of linear actuators and therefore not separately represented ,
- FIG. 2 is the first embodiment according to FIG. 1 shown schematically.
- the common frame 10 is merely indicated. However, there are all six frame-side linkages 40 and 41 on the upper frame ring 11 and the lower frame ring 12 can be seen.
- the two tripods of the linear actuators 20 and 21 are located approximately in a symmetrical starting position, wherein the support member 30 points vertically upwards.
- the multiple articulation 50 and 51 are respectively associated with the second ends of the linear actuators 20 and 21 together.
- the central axis of the carrier element and the axes of the linear actuators 20 and 21 intersect ideally there in each case in a single point.
- Each of the linear actuators 20 and 21 is pivotable at the respective point in two rotational degrees of freedom.
- the slide element 31 is displaceably guided in the guide element 32, and that both the slide element 31 and the guide element 32 project through the multiple articulation 50.
- FIG. 3 also shows the first embodiment according to FIG. 1
- the tripods of the linear actuators 20 and 21 and the support member 30 are opposite to the position in FIG. 2 clearly distracted. It can be seen that the linear actuators 20 have greatly different lengths, and that the second multiple articulation 51 is located outside the tripod volume of the linear actuators 21.
- FIG. 4 a second embodiment is shown with two tripods in an alternative configuration, wherein it can be seen that the region of the support member 30 between the two Mehrfachanlenkitch 50 and 51 is arranged outside of both tripods.
- the orientation of the two tripods is the same as in the first embodiment; aligned with each other.
- FIG. 5 a third embodiment is shown with two tripods in an alternative configuration, it being understood that the region of the support member 30 between the two multiple hinges 50 and 51 is again arranged outside of both tripods.
- the two tripods are the same orientation this time; the tips of the tripods point upwards.
- FIG. 6 shows the basic structure of a fourth advantageous embodiment of the input device according to the invention, again with a fixed frame 10 and a relatively movable rod-shaped support member 30.
- the frame 10 and the support member 30 are only three independent, adjustable in length and similarly executed linear actuators 21 interconnected.
- the frame 10 is executed in this embodiment as a triangular plate.
- the lower ends of the linear actuators 20 are in this case pivotally movable about three only schematically illustrated linkages 40 in two rotational degrees of freedom connected to the frame 10.
- the linkages 40 define an equilateral triangle.
- the three linear actuators 21 form a triad in the form of a substantially tapered tripod with a regular base.
- the linear actuators 21 are pivotably connected at their upper end via a multiple articulation 50, not shown, to the lower end of a slide element 31 of the carrier element 30 in two rotational degrees of freedom.
- a multiple articulation 50 not shown
- FIG. 1 is also interposed at the lower end of the slider element 31 additionally an unillustrated pivot, which allows the slider member 31 to rotate about its own axis against the Mehrfachanlekung 50 and the upper ends of the linear actuators 21.
- the support member 30 has as in FIG. 1 a guide member 32 which is partially guided in rotation in the tubular sliding element 31 and is provided relative to this displaceable.
- FIG. 1 a guide member 32 which is partially guided in rotation in the tubular sliding element 31 and is provided relative to this displaceable.
- the carrier element additionally comprises an intermediate element 34, wherein between the lower end of the guide element 32 and the upper end of the intermediate element 34, a handle actuator 90 is turned on with a translatory degree of freedom in carrier element axis.
- the handle actuator 90 itself can be designed like a linear actuator, wherein the latter changes or detects the total length of the carrier element 30 between the guide part 32 and the intermediate part 34.
- a stepping motor 80 is turned on between the lower end of the intermediate member 34 and the upper end of a link 33 is, as in FIG. 1 .
- the lower end of the coupling element 33 is pivotally connected via a further (frame-side) articulation 60 of the support member directly to the frame 10 in two rotational degrees of freedom.
- the coupling element 33 is again provided in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the frame 10.
- the articulation 60 is arranged in the centroid of the equilateral triangle of the linkages 40.
- FIG. 1 forms the slider element 31 and the portion of the guide member 32 which is located outside of the tripod, a one-sided out of the region or portion of the multiple link 50 and the linkage 60 protruding Renewal.
- On the extension grip parts 70 and 71 are arranged in the same way, the rotational movement together with the slider element 31 and the guide member 32 relative to the articulation element 33 and the Mehrfachanlenkung 50 and the upper ends of the linear actuators 21 as in FIG. 1 is designed.
- the slide member 31 moves along the guide member 32 down and the distance between the Multiple articulation 50 and the articulation 60 decreases, with both the length of the handle actuator 90 and that of the linear actuators 21 correspondingly shortened. In this case, the orientation of the linear actuators 21 changes as well.
- the handle actuator 90 can therefore also be referred to as the fourth leg of the input device.
- the Drehbewegberry is as in the embodiment in the FIG. 1 provided via a handle rotary actuator 80, wherein the handle actuator 90 and the intermediate member 34 are coupled to the rotational movement.
- the order of handle actuator and handle rotary actuator along the support member could also be swapped.
- This in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment has the three linear actuators 21, the Griffcardaktuator or stepping motor 80 and the handle actuator 90th over three, ie via a translatory and two rotary active space degrees of freedom as well as an active translatory Betrelifacts horrsgrad.
- the actuators in the FIGS. 1 and 6 Input devices shown are connected to a computer, not shown and beyond optionally with a motorized tool.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 a fifth embodiment of an input device with a bipod.
- a frame 10 has an upper frame ring 11, on which two frame-side linkages 40 are provided.
- a carrier element 30 On a carrier element 30, a first multiple articulation 50 and a further (frame-side) articulation 60 are provided.
- the frame 10 and the support member 30 are movably connected to each other via two force-sensitive linear actuators 21, wherein the linear actuators respectively between the linkages 40 and the Mehrfachanlenkung 50, forming a bipod are formed.
- an additional force-sensitive linear actuator 21 ' is arranged, which takes over the function of the third linear actuator in the fourth embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Eingabegerät nach parallelkinematischem Prinzip und mit haptischer Rückkopplung für einen Rechner, insbesondere zur medizinischen Teleoperation mit Instrumenten, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an input device according to a parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback for a computer, in particular for medical teleoperation with instruments, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Derartige Eingabegeräte werden bevorzugt für diffizile Manipulationen an Gegenständen benötigt, die eine Person an diesen nicht unmittelbar selbst mittels Handkraft, sondern remotiv über eine Hilfsmaschine bzw. einen Roboter mit Gefühl vornehmen soll. Zumeist sind dies komplexe Tätigkeiten, die ein flexibles, manuelles Eingreifen der Bedienperson erfordern und bei denen eine ausschließlich visuelle Kontrolle der Roboteraktivität nicht ausreichend ist. Hierzu erhält die vom Arbeitsort üblicherweise örtlich getrennte Bedienperson über eine haptische Rückkopplung des Eingabegeräts wichtige, vom visuellen Sinneskanal unabhängige Zusatzinformationen. Durch den haptischen Sinneskanal, der sowohl taktile als auch kinästhetische Eindrücke vermittelt, werden für die Bedienperson z.B. die Position, die Orientierung, das Gewicht und die Trägheit des Roboters und eines evtl. aufgesetzten Werkzeuges greif- bzw. fühlbar gemacht. Außerdem kann die bedienende Person Informationen über den zu manipulierenden Gegenstand selbst erhalten, wie z.B. dessen Größe, Form, Festigkeit und Obertlächenbeschaffenheit. Die Bedienperson kann somit mit Hilfe des Roboters und des Eingabegeräts die Arbeitsumgebung vollständig ertasten und die Wirkung ihres entfernten Tuns fühlen - mit oder ohne zusätzlich visueller Kontrolle. Typische Anwendungsbereiche für eine derartige Telenavigation bzw. -operation sind Arbeiten in lebensfeindlichen Umgebungen wie z.B. in Kernkraftwerken, unter Wasser oder im Weltraum. Steuerung von Baumaschinen, Entschärfung von Bomben sowie insbesondere die Telechirurgie sind weitere Anwendungsbeispiele bei denen die haptische Rückkopplung eines (Fem-)Eingabegerätes erwünscht oder sogar unbedingt erforderlich ist.Such input devices are preferably required for difficult manipulations of objects, which a person should not make directly on them by hand, but remotely via an auxiliary machine or a robot with feeling. For the most part, these are complex activities that require flexible, manual intervention by the operator and in which a purely visual control of the robot activity is not sufficient. To this end, the operator, who is usually locally separate from the work site, receives important additional information independent of the visual sense channel via a haptic feedback of the input device. Through the haptic sense channel, which conveys both tactile and kinesthetic impressions, the operator, for example, the position, orientation, weight and inertia of the robot and a possibly placed tool made tangible or palpable. In addition, the operator can obtain information about the object to be manipulated itself, such as its size, shape, strength and surface texture. The operator can thus, with the help of the robot and the input device, fully feel the working environment and feel the effect of its remote action - with or without additional visual control. Typical applications for such a telenavigation or operation are working in hostile environments such as in nuclear power plants, under water or in space. Control of construction machinery, defusing bombs and in particular the telesurgery are other application examples in which the haptic feedback of a (fem) input device is desired or even essential.
Solche Eingabegeräte können aber auch für die computerunterstütze Simulation oben beschriebener Manipulationen an Gegenständen oder menschlichen Körpern verwendet werden, wie z.B. zu Versuchs-, Lehr- und Trainingszwecken,. Dabei ist sowohl das manipulierende Werkzeug, evtl. ohne Roboter, als auch das zu bearbeitende Objekt lediglich virtuell in einem Computer bzw. auf dessen Bildschirm vorhanden. Im einfachsten Fall kann dies ein Mauszeiger oder ein dargestellter Finger auf einer grafischen Benutzeroberfläche mit Druckknöpfen sein.
Selbstverständlich können derartige Eingabegeräte auch in Kombinationen aus realer und virtueller Manipulation bzw. haptischer Rückkopplung eingesetzt werden.However, such input devices can also be used for the computer assisted simulation of manipulations of objects or human bodies described above, such as for experimental, educational and training purposes. In this case, both the manipulating tool, possibly without a robot, and the object to be processed are only present virtually in a computer or on its screen. In the simplest case, this may be a mouse pointer or an illustrated finger on a push button graphical user interface.
Of course, such input devices can also be used in combinations of real and virtual manipulation or haptic feedback.
Es sind bereits Eingabegeräte mit haptischer Rückkopplung für Rechner bekannt. So ist in "
Bekannt ist zudem eine in den 90er Jahren am Lehrstuhl für Ergonomie der Technischen Universität München ständig weiterentwickelte Vorrichtung mit der Kurzbezeichnung "Spinne". Diese ist u.a. in der Dissertation "Das Aktive Stellteil - ein ergonomisches Bedienkonzept", Bolte Uwe, 1991, beschrieben (s.a. http:// web.archive.org/web/2001*/http://www.ergonomie.tum.de/~rausch/Spinne/spider. htm). Die mit einer Rechnereinheit verbundene Vorrichtung besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem parallelkinematischen, sechsachsigen Antrieb und einem Bedienknauf. Dabei umfasst der Antrieb sechs von Schrittmotoren angetriebene Spindeln, die paarweise angeordnet die Form eines Dreibeins bilden, wobei jeweils ein Bein aus zwei zueinander annähernd parallel geführten Spindeln besteht. An der Spitze des Dreibeines befindet sich der Bedienknauf, der mit den Spindel über eine dreieckige Platte gekoppelt ist. Die Vorrichtung verfügt über eine Kraftrückübertragungsmöglichkeit in sechs Freiheitsgraden, wobei der Bedienknauf selbst passiv ist. Aufgrund der trägen und grobmotorischen Funktionsweise eignet sich die Vorrichtung nicht für diffizile Manipulationen, wie sie z.B. zur Handhabung bzw. zur Fernsteuerung von chirurgischen Instrumenten erforderlich sind. Zudem ist der Aktionsbereich der Vorrichtung sehr eingeschränkt, so dass ein größerer Bereich nur mit Hilfe entsprechender Abbildungsmaßstäbe größer eins bearbeitet werden kann. Zusätzliche Werkzeugfunktionen mit entsprechender haptischer Rückkopplung stehen neben der bloßen Navigation eines angeschlossenen Roboters bei dieser Vorrichtung nicht zur Verfügung.In addition, a device with the abbreviation "spider", which was constantly further developed in the 1990s at the Department of Ergonomics of the Technical University of Munich, is known. This is u.a. in the dissertation "The active control part - an ergonomic operating concept", Bolte Uwe, 1991, described (sa http: // web.archive.org/web/2001*/http://www.ergonomie.tum.de/~rausch / Spider / spider. Htm). The device connected to a computer unit consists essentially of a parallel kinematic, six-axis drive and a control knob. In this case, the drive comprises six spindles driven by stepping motors which, arranged in pairs, form the shape of a tripod, one leg in each case consisting of two spindles guided approximately parallel to one another. At the top of the tripod is the control knob, which is coupled to the spindle via a triangular plate. The device has a power back transmission capability in six degrees of freedom, with the control knob itself being passive. Due to the sluggish and coarse motor operation, the device is not suitable for delicate manipulations, such as e.g. are required for handling or remote control of surgical instruments. In addition, the range of action of the device is very limited, so that a larger area can only be processed with the aid of corresponding image scales greater than one. Additional tool functions with corresponding haptic feedback are not available in addition to the mere navigation of a connected robot in this device.
Schließlich ist aus der
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein parallelkinematisches Eingabegerät mit haptischer Rückkopplung zu schaffen, das eine aktive Betätigungsfunktion für ein reales oder virtuelles Werkzeug zur Verfügung stellt und ein intuitives, realitätsgetreues Manipulieren in einfacher Weise für viele Anwendungszwecke erlaubt.Based on this prior art, the invention has for its object to provide a parallel kinematic input device with haptic feedback, which provides an active actuation function for a real or virtual tool and allows intuitive, realistic manipulation in a simple manner for many applications.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Eingabegerät oben genannter Gattung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den entsprechend rückbezogenen Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is achieved by an input device of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are characterized in the correspondingly dependent subclaims.
Demgemäß weist das Trägerelement ein weiteres Griffteil auf, das relativ zum ersten Griffteil beweglich ist. Zudem sind die zueinander beweglichen Griffteile über einen vorzugsweise mit dem Rechner verbundenen, kraftsensitiven Griffaktuator gekoppelt. Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten einteiligen Griffen, wie stiftähnliche Griffel oder Knaufe, können mit einem zweiten Griffteil, das mit dem ersten ein korrespondierendes Griffteilpaar bildet, beliebige Griffe nachgebildet werden. Vorzugsweise sind dies Griffe von handbetätigten Werkzeugen und Instrumenten, wie beispielsweise Scheren, Zangen, Zwingen, Spritzen oder jeglichem anderen Werkzeugen bzw. Instrumenten mit vergleichbaren, für Hände oder Finger bestimmten Griffflächen. Auch einfache Tasten, Schieber oder Hebel, bei denen weniger der Greif-, sondern vielmehr ein Betätigungszweck im Vorder grund steht, wie beispielsweise bei einer Bohrmaschine, sind denkbar. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Griffteilpaar ist von Vorteil, dass sich die Bedienperson nun nicht mehr auf unergonomische Bedienelemente oder ungewohnte Griffe einstellen muss. Auf eine an entsprechenden Werkzeugen mühsam erworbene Fertigkeit kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ohne Umstellung weiterhin zurückgegriffen werden. Insbesondere Chirurgen, welche sich in einem jahrelangen und ständig anhaltenden Training die Handgriffe für das präzise Bedienen des medizinischen Instrumentariums aneignen müssen, profitieren von der beschriebenen Lösung mit zwei Griffteilen. Nahezu jedes handbetätigte Werkzeug, für das zum Betätigung mindestens ein Gelenk vorgesehen ist, kann mit zwei zueinander beweglichen Griffteilen entsprechend nachgebildet werden. Die Betätigungsrichtung der Griffteile ist dabei vorzugsweise parallel zur Längsausdehnung des Trägerelements ausgerichtet, kann aber auch senkrecht oder in jedem anderen Winkel dazu stehen. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, Werkzeuge nachzubilden, die keinen eigenen Betätigungsmechanismus aufweisen wie z.B. ein Schraubendreher oder ein Skalpell. Ebenso ist dies auch für Werkzeuge oder Maschinen möglich, die nicht unmittelbar von Hand betätigt werden.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Eingabegeräts ist, dass die zueinander beweglichen Griffteile mittels einem zwischengeschalteten, kraftsensitiven Griffaktuator ebenfalls über eine haptische Rückkopplung verfügen. Als Griffaktuatoren können bekannte Antriebe, wie z.B. elektromagnetische Linear- oder Schrittmotoren eingesetzt werden. Auch pneumatische oder hydraulische Antriebe sind hierfür denkbar. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die Stellung derartiger Aktuatoren durch entsprechende Ansteuerung beliebig veränder- bzw. positionierbar oder in sonstiger Weise einstellbar ist. Als kraftsensitive Aktuatoren verfügen diese über eine zusätzliche Sensorik, mit der eine entgegenwirkende Last, wie z.B. Gegenkraft, bewegte Masse und/oder Reibung, ermittelt werden kann. Mit Hilfe einer mit dem Griffaktuator verbundenen Rechnereinheit kann beispielsweise beim Aufeinanderzubewegen der Griffteile der dem Werkzeug vom bearbeiteten Gegenstand entgegengebrachte Widerstand, der sich während dieser Ausführung der Werkzeugfunktion ergibt, der Hand bzw. den Fingern adäquat rückgemeldet werden. Für andere Bewegungsarten wie Auseinanderbewegen, Verschwenken oder Verdrehen der Griffteile gilt dies entsprechend. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, den realen oder virtuellen Gegenstand lediglich abzutasten, ohne ihn dabei zu bearbeiten. Der verwendete Griffaktuator kann dabei beliebige Freiheitsgrade aufweisen, vorzugsweise den oder die gleichen wie die Griffteile selbst. Von Vorteil ist, wenn der Griffaktuator mindestens eines der Griffteile mit entsprechenden Gelenken gleichzeitig trägt und/oder führt. Dabei kann der Griffaktuator auf oder an dem Trägerelement und teilweise an den Griffteilen oder nur an den Griffteilen befestigt sein.
Das im Stand der Technik für Bearbeitungsmaschinen oftmals eingesetzte parallelkinematische Aufbauprinzip mit mehreren, vorzugsweise identischen Linearaktuatoren, ist für Eingabegeräte bzw. für Ein-/Ausgabegeräte im Allgemeinen wenig bekannt. Dennoch lassen sich auch bei diesen Vorrichtungen gegenüber solchen mit seriellen Kinematiken vergleichbare Vorteile, wie z.B. geringerer Bauteile- und Wartungsbedarf, höhere Präzision und Dynamik sowie einfachere Ansteuerung erzielen. Die verwendeten längenveränderlichen Linearaktuatoren können vorzugsweise elektromagnetische Lineardirektantriebe, aber auch pneumatische oder hydraulische Lineardirektantriebe sein. Ferner sind beispielsweise Spindel- und Zahnstangenantriebe denkbar, wobei lediglich der Abstand der Anlenkungen variabel und die Spindel bzw. die Zahnstange an sich längenkonstant ist. Als kraftsensitive Aktuatoren lassen auch diese Antriebe eine Regelung von Auslenkung und entgegenwirkender Last zu. Die Linearaktuatoren des erfindungsgemäßen Eingabegeräts sind in üblicher Weise mittels Anlenkungen, wie Kardan-, Kugelkopf- oder Kugelschalengelenk oder einem hierzu alternativen Gelenk, sowohl mit dem Gestell als auch mit dem Trägerelement jeweils in zwei rotatorischen Freiheitsgraden bzw. schwenkbeweglich verbunden, wobei die Linearaktuatoren bzw. deren Aktoren und Statoren zusammen ein Dreibein bilden. Mehrere einzelnen Anlenkungen an einer Stelle oder an einem engen Bereich, wie dies zwischen dem Trägerelement und der Spitze des durch die Linearaktuatoren gebildeten Dreibeins der Fall ist, werden als eine Vielfachanlenkung bezeichnet. Selbstverständlich ist es dem Fachmann auch möglich mehrere solcher Anlenkungen auch tatsächlich konstruktiv zu kombinieren, wodurch sich wiederum Genauigkeits- und Berechnungsvorteile ergeben.
Das Gestell selbst kann mehrebenig ausgeführt sein oder beispielsweise eine einfach Halterung oder eine ebene Befestigungsplatte sein. Das Trägerelement an sich ist vorzugsweise als gerader Stab, z.B. als Rohr oder Vierkantprofil, ausgeführt. Ferner ist es möglich, das Trägerelement bogenförmig auszuführen.Accordingly, the support member on another handle part which is movable relative to the first handle part. In addition, the mutually movable handle parts are coupled via a preferably connected to the computer, force-sensitive handle actuator. In contrast to the known one-piece handles, such as a pen-like stylus or pommel, any handles can be modeled with a second handle part, which forms a corresponding pair of handle parts with the first. Preferably, these are handles of hand-operated tools and instruments, such as scissors, forceps, ferrules, syringes or any other tools or instruments with comparable gripping surfaces intended for hands or fingers. Even simple keys, slides or levers, in which less of the gripping, but rather an operation purpose in the foreground is, such as in a drill, are conceivable. In which handle part pair of the invention is advantageous in that the operator no longer has to adjust to unergonomic controls or unfamiliar handles. On a painstakingly acquired at corresponding tools skill can still be used with the device according to the invention without conversion. In particular, surgeons, who have to acquire the handles for the precise operation of the medical instrumentation in a year-long and continuous training, benefit from the described solution with two handle parts. Almost every hand-operated tool, for which at least one joint is provided for actuation, can be emulated correspondingly with two mutually movable grip parts. The actuating direction of the handle parts is preferably aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent of the support member, but may also be perpendicular or at any other angle thereto. Of course, it is also possible to model tools that do not have their own operating mechanism such as a screwdriver or a scalpel. Likewise, this is also possible for tools or machines that are not operated directly by hand.
Another significant advantage of the input device according to the invention is that the mutually movable grip parts also have a haptic feedback by means of an intermediate, force-sensitive grip actuator. As handle actuators known drives, such as electromagnetic linear or stepper motors can be used. Also pneumatic or hydraulic drives are conceivable for this purpose. It goes without saying that the position of such actuators by any appropriate control can be changed or positioned as desired or adjustable in any other way. As force-sensitive actuators, these have an additional sensor with which a counteracting load, such as counterforce, moving mass and / or friction, can be determined. With the aid of a computer unit connected to the handle actuator, for example when the handle parts are moved toward each other, the resistance presented to the tool by the machined object, which results during this execution of the tool function, can be adequately confirmed by the hand or the fingers. For other types of movement such as moving apart, pivoting or twisting the handle parts this applies corresponding. Of course, it is also possible to only scan the real or virtual object without editing it. The handle actuator used may have any degrees of freedom, preferably the same or the same as the handle parts themselves. It is advantageous if the handle actuator simultaneously carries and / or guides at least one of the handle parts with corresponding joints. In this case, the handle actuator may be mounted on or on the carrier element and partially on the handle parts or only on the handle parts.
The parallel kinematic design principle often used in the prior art for processing machines with several, preferably identical linear actuators, is generally poorly known for input devices or for input / output devices. Nevertheless, even with these devices comparable advantages with respect to those with serial kinematics, such as, for example, lower component and maintenance requirements, higher precision and dynamics as well as easier control can be achieved. The variable-length linear actuators used may preferably be electromagnetic linear direct drives, but also pneumatic or hydraulic linear direct drives. Furthermore, for example, spindle and rack drives are conceivable, with only the distance of the linkages variable and the spindle or the rack itself is constant in length. As force-sensitive actuators, these drives also allow control of deflection and counteracting load. The linear actuators of the input device according to the invention are connected in a conventional manner by means of linkages, such as cardan, spherical head or ball joint or an alternative joint, both with the frame and with the support element in two rotational degrees of freedom or pivotally, the linear actuators or whose actuators and stators together form a tripod. Several individual linkages at a location or a narrow area, as is the case between the carrier element and the tip of the tripod formed by the linear actuators, are referred to as a multiple linkage. Of course, it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to actually constructively combine a plurality of such linkages, which in turn results in accuracy and calculation advantages.
The frame itself can be made multi-level or, for example, be a simple holder or a flat mounting plate. The carrier element itself is preferably designed as a straight rod, eg as a tube or square profile. Further, it is possible to perform the support element arcuate.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach Patentanspruch 2 sind an dem Gestell neben den drei bereits vorhandenen drei weitere Anlenkungen vorgesehen. Zudem ist die weitere Anlenkung des Trägerelements als eine zweite Vielfachanlenkung mit drei einzelnen oder zusammengefassten Anlenkungen ausgebildet. Wesentlich dabei ist, dass zusätzlich drei weitere kraftsensitive Linearaktuatoren vorgesehen sind, die jeweils an der zweiten Vielfachanlenkung des Trägerelements und an den drei weiteren Anlenkungen des Gestells angreifen. Die drei Linearaktuatoren bzw. deren Aktoren und Statoren bilden dabei im Wesentlichen ein zweites Dreibein. Ferner ist die erste Vielfachanlenkung relativ zur zweiten Vielfachanlenkung beweglich. Das bedeutet, dass die beiden Spitzen der Dreibeine ebenfalls zueinander beweglich sind, wohingegen die sechs gestellseitigen Anlenkungen bzw. die Füße der Dreibeine zueinander ortskonstant bleiben. Erfindungswesentlich ist außerdem, dass die sechs Linearaktuatoren bzw. die beiden Dreibein im Funktionszusammenhang den Griffaktuator bilden und die beiden Griffteile je einem der Dreibeine konstruktiv zugeordnet ist. Wie im Stand der Technik bekannt sind hierbei die Orte der sechs gestellseitigen Anlenkungen zueinander konstant. Die Vielfachanlenkungen am Trägerelement und die an diese gekoppelte Linearaktuatoren des einen Dreibeins sind jedoch gegenüber denen des anderen Dreibeins beweglich. Es genügt hierbei beispielsweise, wenn die Vielfachanlenkungen des einen Dreibeins in Achsrichtung desTrägerelements verschieblich angeordnet sind. Dies kann über ein längenvariables Trägerelement, wie eine z.B. Zylinder/Kolben-Kombination, oder über ein längskonstantes Trägerelement mit einem daran geführten Schieber sein. Das Trägerelement kann somit im Wesentlichen aus zwei zueinander beweglichen Teilen bestehen, wobei jedem Teil des Trägerelements ein Griffteil und die Vielfachanlenkung eines Dreibeins zugeordnet bzw. daran befestigt sind. Dabei ist zum einem vorteilhaft, dass der Freiheitsgrad des mehrteiligen Trägerelements für die zu bewegenden Griffteile als Griffgelenk verwendet werden kann. Der Griffaktuator muss die Griffteile nicht mehr führen und kann entsprechend einfacher ausgeführt werden. Als besonderer Vorteil erweist sich zum anderen, dass die in zwei Dreibeine aufgeteilten Linearaktuatoren den Griffaktuator gänzlich ersetzen können. Hierfür stehen mit sechs Linearaktuatoren ausreichend Freiheitsgrade zur Verfügung. Bei zueinander ortsfesten Vielfachanlenkungen des Trägerelements sind zur mathematischen Definiertheit der Stellung/Last des Eingabegeräts bekanntlich nur fünf Freiheitsgrade erforderlich. Die fehlende Information für die Griffstellung/-last wird aus der Stellung/Last des sechsten Linearaktuators gewonnen. Bleibt die Griffstellung/-last während der Bedienung konstant, so wirkt sich der sechste Linearaktuator aufgrund der mathematischen Überbestimmung positiv auf die Präzision und Zuverlässigkeit aus. Zudem wird in diesem Fall die Stabilität und die Ausfallsicherheit des erfindungsgemäßen Eingabegeräts erhöht.
Grundsätzlich ist anzumerken, dass sich die mathematischen Berechnungen bei der Ansteuerung bzw. Auswertung der Stellung/Last besonders einfach gestalten, wenn jeweils drei der Linearaktuatoren ein ideales Dreibein bilden, an deren Spitzen das Trägerelement angelenkt ist. Treffen sich in den Spitzen die Achsen der Linearaktuatoren zumindest fiktiv in einem einzigen Schnittpunkt und liegt dieser Schnittpunkt in der Achse des Trägerelements, kann mit trivialen Berechungsmethoden verfahren werden. Unter entsprechender mathematischer Berücksichtigung können die Linearaktuatoren der Dreibeine aber auch windschief aufeinander zulaufen, z.B. wenn die Anlenkungen am Trägerelement wie im Stand der Technik nebeneinander angeordnet sind oder sich die Rotationsachsen einer Anlenkung nicht schneiden. Bei konstruktiver Zusammenfassung mehrerer Anlenkungen im Konvergenzbereich der Dreibeine zu können in vorteilhafter Weise Gelenkspiele verringert und zudem Kosten eingespart werden.According to a particularly preferred embodiment according to claim 2, three additional linkages are provided on the frame in addition to the three already existing. In addition, the further articulation of the carrier element is designed as a second multiple articulation with three individual or combined articulations. It is essential that in addition three further force-sensitive linear actuators are provided, which each act on the second multiple articulation of the carrier element and on the three other linkages of the frame. The three linear actuators or their actuators and stators essentially form a second tripod. Furthermore, the first multiple articulation is movable relative to the second multiple articulation. This means that the two tips of the tripods are also movable relative to each other, whereas the six frame-side linkages and the feet of the tripods remain stationary with respect to each other. It is also essential to the invention that the six linear actuators or the two tripods functionally form the grip actuator and the two grip parts are each structurally associated with one of the tripods. As is known in the art, the locations of the six frame-side linkages are constant relative to one another. However, the multiple articulations on the carrier element and the linear actuators of the one tripod coupled thereto are movable relative to those of the other tripod. In this case, it suffices, for example, for the multiple articulations of the one tripod to be displaceable in the axial direction of the carrier element. This can be via a length-variable carrier element, such as a cylinder / piston combination, for example, or over a longitudinally constant carrier element with a slide guided on it. The carrier element can thus consist essentially of two mutually movable parts, wherein each part of the carrier element is assigned a handle part and the multiple articulation of a tripod or attached thereto. It is advantageous for one that the degree of freedom of the multi-part support member for the handle parts to be moved can be used as a wrist joint. The grip actuator no longer has to guide the grip parts and can be made correspondingly simpler. A special advantage proves to be others that the linear actuators split into two tripods can completely replace the grip actuator. There are enough degrees of freedom available with six linear actuators. In mutually stationary multiple articulations of the carrier element, only five degrees of freedom are required for the mathematical definition of the position / load of the input device. The missing information for the grip position / load is obtained from the position / load of the sixth linear actuator. If the handle position / load remains constant during operation, the sixth linear actuator has a positive effect on precision and reliability due to the mathematical overdetermination. In addition, the stability and reliability of the input device according to the invention is increased in this case.
Basically, it should be noted that the mathematical calculations in the control or evaluation of the position / load are particularly simple if each three of the linear actuators form an ideal tripod, at the tips of the support member is articulated. If, in the tips, the axes of the linear actuators coincide at least fictitiously in a single point of intersection, and if this point of intersection lies in the axis of the carrier element, it is possible to use trivial calculation methods. With appropriate mathematical consideration, the linear actuators of the tripods but also skewed converge, for example, if the linkages on the support element as in the prior art are arranged side by side or do not intersect the axes of rotation of a linkage. In a constructive summary of multiple linkages in the convergence region of the tripods can be reduced in an advantageous manner joint games and also costs can be saved.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass die Struktur der erfindungsgemäßen Eingabegeräts, bestehend aus Gestell, Linearaktuatoren und Trägerelement, je nach Gegebenheiten am Installationsort variabel konfiguriert werden kann. So ist es möglich, den sich zwischen den beiden Vielfachanlenkungen befindlichen Abschnitt des Trägerelements außerhalb beider Dreibeine, außerhalb des einen und innerhalb des anderen Dreibeins, oder innerhalb beider Dreibeine anzuordnen. Zu Versuchszwecken oder bei großem Platzangebot ist vorzugsweise die erste Konfiguration zu wählen. Beispielsweise bei beengten Raumverhältnissen, bei einer Installation teilweise unterhalb eines Schreibtisches oder bei einer Überkopfinstallation können die letzteren zwei Möglichkeiten mehr Vorteile bieten.It is particularly advantageous that the structure of the input device according to the invention, consisting of frame, linear actuators and support element, depending on the circumstances at the installation site can be variably configured. Thus, it is possible to arrange the section of the carrier element located between the two multiple articulations outside both tripods, outside the one and inside the other tripod, or inside both tripods. For experimental purposes or in large space is preferably the first configuration to choose. For example, in confined spaces, when installed partially below a desk, or overhead installation, the latter two can provide more benefits.
Die jeweiligen gestellseitigen Anlenkung der beiden Dreibeine können jeweils eine Gestellebene aufspannen, die vorzugsweise parallel zueinander beabstandet sind. Die zwei Gestellebenen können beispielsweise als Ringe ausgeführt und über Abstandshalter fest miteinander verbunden sein. Die mathematischen Berechnungen vereinfachen sich erheblich, wenn die jeweiligen gestellseitigen Anlenkungen der Dreibeine die Eckpunkte zweier gleichseitige Dreiecke sind, insbesondere dann, wenn die Dreiecke parallel zueinander beabstandet sind, und die Verbindungsgerade der Dreiecksschwerpunkte zu den Dreiecken senkrecht steht und die beiden Dreiecke um die Verbindungsgerade um einen sechstel Vollkreis, d.h. um 60 Grad, gegeneinander verschwenkt sind.The respective frame-side articulation of the two tripods can each span a frame plane, which are preferably spaced parallel to each other. The two frame levels can for example be designed as rings and fixedly connected to each other via spacers. The mathematical calculations are simplified considerably if the respective frame-side linkages of the tripods are the vertices of two equilateral triangles, especially if the triangles are spaced parallel to each other, and the connecting line of the triangle centers to the triangles is perpendicular and the two triangles to the connecting line one sixth full circle, ie about 60 degrees, are pivoted against each other.
Gemäß einer im Patentanspruch 7 gekennzeichneten alternativen Ausführungsform sind an Stelle von drei weiteren nur zwei weitere Anlenkungen am Gestell vorgesehen. Wie bei der Ausführungsform zuvor ist hier die weitere Anlenkung am Trägerelement ebenfalls als eine zweite Vielfach- bzw. Zweifachanlenkung ausgebildet. Ferner sind zwei weitere kraftsensitive Linearaktuatoren vorgesehen, die jeweils an der zweiten Vielfachanlenkung und an den zwei weiteren Anlenkungen des Gestells angreifen, wobei die Linearaktuatoren im Wesentlichen ein Zweibein bilden und der Abstand zwischen den beiden Vielfachanlenkungen konstant ist. Das Gruppieren in ein Zwei- und ein Dreibein hat wiederum mathematische Vorteile. Das Trägerelement selbst ist längskonstant und vorzugsweise einteilig ausgeführt. Der Griffaktuator ist von den Linearaktuatoren kinematisch unabhängig auf oder an dem Trägerelement angeordnet, so dass neben der Beweglichkeit der Griffteile ebenfalls fünf Freiheitsgrade für die allgemeine Navigation zur Verfügung stehen.According to an alternative embodiment characterized in claim 7, only two further linkages are provided on the frame instead of three further. As in the previous embodiment, the further articulation on the carrier element is likewise designed here as a second multiple or double articulation. Furthermore, two further force-sensitive linear actuators are provided, each of which acts on the second multiple articulation and on the two further articulations of the frame, wherein the linear actuators essentially form a bipod and the distance between the two multiple articulations is constant. Grouping into a tripod and a tripod again has mathematical advantages. The support element itself is längskonstant and preferably made in one piece. The handle actuator is kinematically independent of the linear actuators arranged on or on the carrier element, so that in addition to the mobility of the handle parts are also five degrees of freedom for general navigation available.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform gemäß Patentanspruch 8 ist das stabförmige Trägerelement über deren weitere Anlenkung direkt bzw. unmittelbar mit dem Gestell gekoppelt. Die weitere Anlenkung des Trägerelements stellt demzufolge zugleich die Anlenkung am Gestell dar. Außerdem ist die Vielfachanlenkung wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel relativ zu der weiteren Anlenkung beweglich, vorzugsweise in Achsrichtung des Trägerelements zueinander verschieblich. Neben der Beweglichkeit der Griffteile stehen zwei rotatorische Freiheitsgrade, d.h. Schwenkbeweglichkeit um die weitere Anlenkung des Trägerelements, vorzugsweise in einem Punkt, zu Verfügung. Der Abschnitt des Trägerelements, der sich zwischen der Vielfachanlenkung und der weiteren (gestellseitigen) Anlenkung befindet, ist vorzugsweise längenveränderlich, z.B. mittels einer Zylinder/Kolben-Kombination. Das Trägerelement kann aber auch längenkonstant sein, wobei es dann erforderlich ist, dass dieses gegenüber der weiteren (gestellseitigen) Anlenkung verschieblich, z.B. als eine im Drehpunkt schwenkbare Zahnstange, ausgeführt ist. Mit diesem zusätzlichen linearen Freiheitsgrad in Achsrichtung des Trägerelements kann demnach der Abstand der beider Griffteile zum Schwenkpunkt, d.h. zur weiteren (gestellseitigen) Anlenkung des Trägerelements, verändert werden. Diese Veränderbarkeit kann als "Eintauchen" der Griffe bzw. des Instrumentes in den zu bearbeitenden Gegenstand umschrieben werden. Ist der Griffaktuator unmittelbar zwischen den Griffteilen, d.h. von dem Dreibein kinematisch unabhängig angeordnet, so sind die drei Linearaktuatoren auch für die mathematische Bestimmtheit dieses zusätzlichen Freiheitsgrades ausreichend. Dieses einfache, mit nur drei Linearaktuatoren gebildete Eingabegerät eignet sich hervorragend für weniger komplexe Aufgaben. So ist beispielsweise bei einem einfacheren laparoskopischen Eingriff in einer Bauchdecke eine auf einen vorgegebenen Schwenkpunkt eingeschränkte Längsbeweglichkeit nicht weiter hinderlich.In a further preferred embodiment according to claim 8, the rod-shaped support member via the further articulation directly or directly coupled with the frame. The further articulation of the support element therefore also represents the articulation on the frame. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the multiple articulation is movable relative to the further articulation, preferably displaceable relative to one another in the axial direction of the carrier element. In addition to the mobility of the handle parts are two rotational degrees of freedom, ie pivoting about the further articulation of the support member, preferably at a point available. The portion of the support element, which is located between the multiple articulation and the further (frame-side) articulation, is preferably variable in length, for example by means of a cylinder / piston combination. However, the carrier element can also be constant in length, wherein it is then necessary for it to be displaceable relative to the further (frame-side) articulation, for example as a rack pivotable in the pivot point. Accordingly, with this additional linear degree of freedom in the axial direction of the carrier element, the distance of the two gripping parts to the pivot point, ie to the further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element, can be changed. This variability can be described as "immersion" of the handles or the instrument in the object to be processed. If the grip actuator is arranged directly between the grip parts, ie kinematically independently of the tripod, then the three linear actuators are also sufficient for the mathematical certainty of this additional degree of freedom. This simple input device with only three linear actuators is ideal for less complex tasks. Thus, for example, in a simpler laparoscopic procedure in an abdominal wall, longitudinal mobility limited to a given pivot point is no longer a hindrance.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn dem Dreibein und dem Griffaktuator je eines der Griffteile zugeordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann das Trägerelement als Schieber/Führungs-Kombination ausgebildet sein, wobei der erste Teil dieser Kombination mit dem ersten Griffteil und der Vielfachanlenkung des Trägerelements fest verbunden ist, während der zweite Teil gegenüber dem ersten verschieblich ist und mit dem zweiten Griffteil und der weiteren (gestellseitigen) Anlenkung des Trägerelements verbunden ist. Der erste Griffaktuator kann hierbei an einer beliebigen Stelle zwischen der weiteren (gestellseitigen) Anlenkung des Trägerelements und dem zweiten Griffteil angeordnet sein. Beispielsweise kann dies bei Verwendung einer Zahnstange als zweites Teil der Schieber/Führungs-Kombination unmittelbar in der weiteren (gestellseitigen) Anlenkung der Fall sein. Alternativ kann der Griffaktuator an seinen Angreifpunkten auch in das Trägerelement zwischengeschaltet bzw. integriert werden, wobei das Trägerelement in diesem Abschnitt dann quasi ein viertes aktives Bein darstellt.
Wie bei den vorgenannten Ausführungsformen vereinfachen sich auch bei dieser die Berechnungsmethode und der Konstruktionsaufwand, wenn die drei Linearaktuatoren ein ideales Dreibein bildet, an dessen Spitze das Trägerelement wenigsten fiktiv angelenkt ist.
Eine weitere Vereinfachung ergibt sich, wenn die drei Anlenkungen des Gestells und die weitere (gestellseitige) Anlenkung des Trägerelements in einer Ebene liegen. Vorzugweise sind dabei die drei Anlenkungen des Gestells die Eckpunkte eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks, in dessen Schwerpunkt die weitere (gestellseitige) Anlenkung des Trägerelement angeordnet ist. Die Ebene bzw. das Dreieck kann zugleich Gestellebene sein.It is particularly advantageous if the tripod and the handle actuator are each assigned one of the grip parts. For example, the support member may be formed as a slide / guide combination, wherein the first part of this combination with the first handle part and the multiple articulation of the support member is firmly connected, while the second part relative to the first is displaceable and with the second handle part and the other ( frame side) articulation of the support element is connected. The first handle actuator can hereby at a be arranged anywhere between the other (frame-side) articulation of the support member and the second handle part. For example, this can be the case when using a rack as a second part of the slide / guide combination directly in the other (frame-side) linkage. Alternatively, the grip actuator can also be interposed or integrated into the carrier element at its engagement points, with the carrier element then virtually representing a fourth active leg in this section.
As with the above-mentioned embodiments, the calculation method and design complexity are also simplified when the three linear actuators form an ideal tripod, at the tip of which the carrier element is at least fictitiously articulated.
A further simplification results when the three linkages of the frame and the further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element lie in one plane. Preferably, the three linkages of the frame are the corner points of an equilateral triangle, in the center of gravity of the further (frame-side) articulation of the support element is arranged. The plane or the triangle can also be frame plane.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens für sämtliche vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind die beiden Griffteile um das Trägerelement drehbeweglich angeordnet, wobei ein kraftsensitiver Griffdrehaktuator vorgesehen ist, über den mindestens eines der Griffteile mit dem Trägerelement gekoppelt ist. Vorzugsweise sind die beiden Griffteile miteinander drehfest verbunden, so dass es ausreichend ist, nur ein Griffteil mit dem Griffaktuator zu koppeln. Bei entsprechender Drehbewegung des ersten Griffteils folgt das zweite dem ersten zwangsgeführt in Drehrichtung um das Trägerelement. Durch die Ergänzung eines weiteren rotatorischen Freiheitsgrades erhöht sich die Flexibilität des Eingabegeräts enorm. Es sind Drehbewegung, z.B. die eines Schraubendrehers, möglich. In Kombination mit dem ersten Griffaktuator können komplexe Aufgaben, wie z.B. Schneiden und Aufrollen eines Fadens mit einer Schere, unter haptischer Rückkopplung durchgeführt werden. Als kraftsensitiver Griffdrehaktuator kann ein Schrittmotor eingesetzt werden.According to an advantageous development of the inventive concept for all the above-described embodiments, the two handle parts are arranged rotatably about the support member, wherein a force-sensitive Griffdrehaktuator is provided, is coupled via the at least one of the handle parts with the support member. Preferably, the two grip parts are connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner, so that it is sufficient to couple only one grip part to the grip actuator. With a corresponding rotational movement of the first handle part, the second follows the first positively guided in the direction of rotation about the carrier element. By adding another rotational degree of freedom, the flexibility of the input device increases enormously. There are rotary motion, such as a screwdriver, possible. In combination with the first handle actuator, complex tasks, such as cutting and rolling a thread with a pair of scissors, can be performed under haptic feedback. As a force-sensitive Griffdrehaktuator a stepper motor can be used.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform mit zusätzlichem rotatorischen Freiheitsgrad ist das Trägerelement mindestens dreiteilig ausgeführt, wobei zwei der Teile in der Vielfachanlenkung drehbeweglich sind und über einen kraftsensitiven Griffdrehaktuator mit dem dritten Teil gekoppelt sind. Die Griffteile können jeweils drehfest an den ersten zwei Teilen des Trägerelements befestigt sein. Das Trägerelement ist hierbei vorzugsweise als Schieber/Führungs-Kombination ausgeführt, wobei Schieber und Führung gegeneinander drehfest sind und als Kombination in der Vielfachanlenkung und in Achsrichtung des Trägerelements, z.B. mittels einem Drehkranz, drehbeweglich sind. Als kraftsensitiver Griffdrehaktuator kann wiederum ein Schrittmotor verwendet werden. Dieser ist zwischen den drehbeweglichen Teilen und dem dritten Teil eingeschaltet, wobei das dritte Teil zu der zweiten Vielfachanlenkung bzw. zu der weiteren Anlenkung drehfesten ist.In an alternative embodiment with additional rotational degree of freedom, the carrier element is designed in at least three parts, wherein two of the parts in the multiple articulation are rotatably movable and are coupled via a force-sensitive Griffdrehaktuator with the third part. The gripping parts can each be fixed in a rotationally fixed manner to the first two parts of the carrier element. The carrier element is in this case preferably designed as a slide / guide combination, slide and guide being non-rotatable relative to one another and acting as a combination in the multiple articulation and in the axial direction of the carrier element, e.g. by means of a turntable, are rotatable. As a force-sensitive Griffdrehaktuator turn a stepper motor can be used. This is turned on between the rotatable parts and the third part, wherein the third part is rotationally fixed to the second multiple articulation or to the further articulation.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ragt das Trägerelement aus dem Bereich, den die Vielfachanlenkung und die weiterer Anlenkung des Trägerelements bilden, in Achsrichtung des Trägerelements hinaus. Mindestens ein Griffteil ist dabei außerhalb dieses Bereichs angeordnet. Es ist sowohl möglich, das Trägerelement einseitig über diesen Bereich hinaus zu verlängern und beide Greifteile an dieser einen Verlängerung, also einseitig außerhalb anzuordnen, als auch das Trägerelement beidseitig zu verlängern und je eines der Griffteile an je einer der sich gegenüberliegenden Verlängerung, also beidseitig außerhalb anzuordnen. Durch die Verlängerung des Trägerelements können die Griffteile außerhalb des Bewegungsbereiches der Linearaktuatoren angeordnet werden. Von wesentlichem Vorteil ist dabei, dass die Hand oder die Finger der Bedienperson nicht mehr mit den Aktuatoren kollidieren können. Zudem können die Linearaktuatoren und das Gestell deutlich von den Griffteilen beabstandet sein. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, Gestell und Linearaktuatoren in kompakter Bauweise unterhalb und die Griffteile oberhalb eines Schreibtisches anzuordnen, wobei das Trägerelement durch die Gestellebene und/oder Tischoberfläche hindurchragt. Ferner ist es von Vorteil, das Gestell mit den Linearaktuatoren beispielsweise gegen Staub und sonstige Umwelteinflüsse zu kapseln und nur noch die Greifteile der Bedienperson zugänglich zu halten.According to a further advantageous development, the carrier element projects out of the region which the multiple articulation and the further articulation of the carrier element form, in the axial direction of the carrier element. At least one handle part is arranged outside this area. It is both possible to extend the carrier element on one side beyond this area and to extend both gripping parts on this one extension, ie on one side outside, and to extend the carrier element on both sides and one of the gripping parts on each one of the opposite extension, ie on both sides outside to arrange. By extending the support member, the handle parts can be arranged outside the range of motion of the linear actuators. Of significant advantage is that the hand or the fingers of the operator can no longer collide with the actuators. In addition, the linear actuators and the frame can be clearly spaced from the handle parts. For example, it is possible to arrange the frame and linear actuators in a compact design below and the handle parts above a desk, wherein the support element protrudes through the frame plane and / or table surface. Furthermore, it is advantageous to encapsulate the frame with the linear actuators, for example against dust and other environmental influences and to keep accessible only the gripping parts of the operator.
Je nach Einsatzgebiet des erfindungsgemäßen Eingabegeräts kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn mindestens eines der beiden Griffteile mindestens eine Greiföffnung aufweist, z.B. für wenigstens einen Finger ähnlich wie bei einer Schere.Depending on the field of use of the input device according to the invention, it may be advantageous if at least one of the two grip parts has at least one gripping opening, e.g. for at least one finger similar to a pair of scissors.
Durch Vorhalten mehrere Griffteile, die am Trägerelement entsprechend austauschbar angeordnet sind, kann die Bedienperson je nach Vorliebe und eingesetztem Werkzeug besonders ergonomisch arbeiten. Ferner ist es möglich, die individuellen Griffteile fest zu installieren und neutral zu gestalten. Im letzteren Fall kann vorzugsweise per Knopfdruck zwischen mehreren realen oder virtuellen Werkzeugen und/oder verschiedenen Werkzeugfunktionen umgeschaltet bzw. gewechselt werden.By holding a plurality of handle parts, which are arranged correspondingly interchangeable on the carrier element, the operator can work very ergonomically depending on the preference and the tool used. Furthermore, it is possible to install the individual handle parts firmly and neutral. In the latter case, it is preferably possible to switch or change between a plurality of real or virtual tools and / or different tool functions at the push of a button.
Schließlich kann in einer bevorzugten Anwendung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Eingabegerät ein reales oder virtuelle laparoskopisches Instrument ferngesteuert werden, wobei die Griffteile denjenigen eines laparoskopischen Instrumentes nachgebildet sind.Finally, in a preferred application with the input device according to the invention, a real or virtual laparoscopic instrument can be remotely controlled, wherein the handle parts are modeled on those of a laparoscopic instrument.
Nachfolgend wir die Erfindung anhand von fünf Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1:
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels mit zwei Dreibeinen,
- Fig. 2:
- eine schematische Darstellung nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3:
- eine schematische Darstellung nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 4:
- eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels mit zwei Dreibeinen in alternativer Konfiguration,
- Fig. 5:
- eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels mit zwei Dreibeinen in alternativer Konfiguration,
- Fig. 6:
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels mit nur einem Dreibein, und
- Fig. 7 und 8:
- eine schematische Darstellung eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels mit einem Zweibein.
It shows:
- Fig. 1:
- a perspective view of a first embodiment with two tripods,
- Fig. 2:
- a schematic representation after
Fig. 1 . - 3:
- a schematic representation after
Fig. 1 . - 4:
- a schematic representation of a second embodiment with two tripods in an alternative configuration,
- Fig. 5:
- a schematic representation of a third embodiment with two tripods in an alternative configuration,
- Fig. 6:
- a perspective view of a fourth embodiment with only a tripod, and
- FIGS. 7 and 8:
- a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment with a bipod.
Ferner ist ersichtlich, dass die drei Linearaktuatoren 20 eine erste und die drei Linearaktuatoren 21 eine zweite Dreiergruppe, jeweils in Form eines im Wesentlichen spitz zulaufenden Dreibeins mit regelmäßiger Grundfläche bilden, wobei die beiden Dreibeine einander entgegengerichtet und regelmäßig ineinander verschränkt sind. An den Konvergenzbereichen des ersten bzw. zweite Dreibeins sind die Linearaktuatoren 20 bzw. 21 mit ihren zweiten Enden über nicht näher dargestellte Vielfachanlenkungen 51 bzw. 50 mit dem unteren Ende eines Anlenkelements 33 bzw. dem unteren Ende eines Schieberelements 31 des Trägerelements 30 jeweils in zwei rotatorischen Freiheitsgraden, wie z.B. mit einem Kugel- oder Kreuzgelenk, schwenkbeweglich verbunden. Das Anlenkelement 33 ist dabei gegenüber der Vielfachanlenkung 51 bzw. den zweiten Enden der Linearaktuatoren 20 in eigener Achsrichtung bzw. Trägerelementrichtung drehfest vorgesehen, wohingegen am unteren Ende des Schieberelements 31 zusätzlich ein nicht dargestelltes Drehgelenk zwischengeschaltet ist, das es dem Schieberelement 31 ermöglicht, sich um die eigene Achse bzw. in Trägerelementrichtung gegenüber der Vielfachanlenkungen 50 bzw. den zweiten Enden der Linearaktuatoren 21 zu drehen. Das Drehgelenk, wie z.B. ein Drehkranz, ist vorzugsweise mit der Vielfachanlenkung 50 baulich kombiniert.
Der
Schließlich bildet das Schieberelement 31 und der Abschnitt des Führungselements 32, der sich außerhalb der beiden Dreibeine befindet, eine einseitig aus dem Bereich bzw. Abschnitt der Vielfachanlenkungen 50 und 51 hinausragende Verlängerung. Zugleich durchdringt die Verlängerung den oberen Gestellring 11. Einseitig an der Verlängerung bzw. am oberen Ende des Schieberelements 31 ist ein erstes Griffteil 70 und am oberen Ende des Führungselements 32 ein zweites Griffteil 71 befestigt, die ein zueinander verschiebbares Griffteilepaar bilden. Beide Griffteile weisen vom Trägerelement 30 seitlich beanstandete Greiföffnungen auf, wobei die Greiföffnung des ersten Griffteiles 70 für einen Daumen und die Greiföffnung des zweiten Griffteiles 71 für den Zeige- und Mittelfinger einer Hand einer Bedienperson vorgesehen ist.
Werden die beiden Griffteile 70 und 71 durch Handbetätigung beispielsweise zusammengedrückt, so entfernen sich die Vielfachanlenkungen 50 und 51 voneinander. Geschieht dies durch Herunterdrücken des ersten Griffteils 70 auf den zweiten Griffteil 71, ohne dass sich räumlich Position und Orientierung des zweiten dabei ändert, so wird das Führungselement 32 ein Stück weit durch das ortskonstante Schieberelement 31 verschoben und verursacht über die Vielfachanlenkung 51 eine Längen- und Orientierungsveränderung der Linearaktuatoren 20. Geschieht das Zusammendrücken Griffteile 70 und 71 durch ein Hinraufziehen des zweiten zum dabei ortsfesten ersten, so wird das Schieberelement 31 entlang des Führungselements mit der Vielfachanlenkung 50 nach oben gezogen, und infolgedessen verändern sich Länge und Orientierung der Linearaktuatoren 21 entsprechend. Erfolgt das Zusammendrücken der Griffteile 70 und 71 durch eine Absolutbewegung beider Griffteile, so werden alle sechs Linearaktuatoren 20 und 21 in Länge und Orientierung verändert. Das gleiche gilt, wenn beiden Griffteile, ohne diese zu betätigen, gemeinsam im Raum bewegt werden, wobei in diesem besonderen Fall nur die Orientierung des Trägerelements 30 verändert wird und der Abstand zwischen den Vielfachanlenkungen 50 und 51 dann konstant bleibt. Die Drehbewegbarkeit der beiden Griffteile 70 und 71 um die Trägerelementachse ist durch den Schrittmotors 80 vorgesehen. Werden beide Griffteile um diese Achse verdreht, so rotieren das Schieberelement 31 und das Führungselement 32 sowohl gegenüber der Vielfachanlenkung 50 bzw. den zweiten Enden der Linearaktuatoren 21 als auch gegenüber dem Anlenkelement 33 und der Vielfachanlenkungen 51 bzw. den zweiten Enden der Linearaktuatoren 20.
Bleibt anzumerken, dass dieses Ausführungsbeispiel mit den sechs Linearaktuatoren 20 und 21 und dem Schrittmotor 80 über sechs, d.h. drei translatorische und drei rotatorische aktive Raumfreiheitsgrade sowie über einen aktiven translatorischen Betätigungsfreiheitsgrad verfügt, wobei der Griffaktuator durch Kombination der Linearaktuatoren ersetzt und demnach nicht gesondert darstellbar ist.
Furthermore, it can be seen that the three
Of the
Finally, the
If the two
It should be noted that this embodiment with the six
In
In
In
Ferner ist ersichtlich, dass die drei Linearaktuatoren 21 eine Dreiergruppe in Form eines im Wesentlichen spitz zulaufenden Dreibeins mit regelmäßiger Grundfläche bilden. An dem Konvergenzbereich des Dreibeins sind die Linearaktuatoren 21 mit ihrem oberen Ende über eine nicht näher dargestellte Vielfachanlenkung 50 mit dem unteren Ende eines Schieberelements 31 des Trägerelement 30 jeweils in zwei rotatorischen Freiheitsgraden schwenkbeweglich verbunden. Wie in
Im Gegensatz zum Ausführungsbeispiel in
Zwischen dem unteren Ende des Zwischenelements 34 und dem oberen Ende eines Anlenkelements 33 ist, wie in
Wie in
Werden die beiden Griffteile 70 und 71 durch Handbetätigung beispielsweise noch weiter auseinanderbetätigt bzw. geöffnet, in dem nur das zweite Griffteil 71 heruntergedrückt und das erste Griffteil 70 ortskonstant bleibt, so verschiebt sich das Schieberelement 31 entlang des Führungselements 32 nach unten und der Abstand zwischen der Vielfachanlenkung 50 und der Anlenkung 60 verkleinert sich, wobei sich sowohl die Länge des Griffaktuators 90 als auch die der Linearaktuatoren 21 entsprechend verkürzt. Hierbei ändert sich auch die Orientierung der Linearaktuatoren 21.
Geschieht das Öffnen durch Hochziehen des ersten Griffteiles 70 gegenüber zweiten Griffteil 71, ohne dass sich dabei die räumlich Position und Orientierung des zweiten und des Schieberelements 31 ändert, so wird nur das Führungselement mit nach oben gezogen, wobei der Abstand zwischen der Vielfachanlenkung 50 und der Anlenkung 60 sowie die Längen und die Orientierungen der Linearaktuatoren 21 jedoch konstant bleiben und nur die Gesamtlänge des Führungselements 32 durch den Griffaktuator 90 verlängert wird. Erfolgt das Öffnen der Griffteile 70 und 71 durch eine Absolutbewegung beider Griffteile, so werden wie im ersten Fall alle drei Linearaktuatoren 21 in Länge und Orientierung und der Griffaktuator 90 in seiner Länge verändert. Werden beide Griffteile 70 und 71, mit oder ohne deren Betätigung, gemeinsam im Raum bewegt, so verändert sich zudem die Orientierung des Trägerelements 30 zusammen mit dem Griffaktuator 90. Der Griffaktuator 90 kann deswegen auch als viertes Bein des Eingabegerätes bezeichnet werden. Die Drehbewegbarkeit ist wie im Ausführungsbeispiel in der
Das in
Die Aktuatoren der in den
Furthermore, it can be seen that the three
In contrast to the embodiment in
Between the lower end of the
As in
If the two
Happens opening by pulling up the
This in
The actuators in the
Schließlich zeigen die
- 1010
- Gestellframe
- 1111
- oberer GestellringUpper frame ring
- 1212
- unterer Gestellringlower frame ring
- 1313
- Abstandshalterspacer
- 2020
- Linearaktuator des ersten DreibeinsLinear actuator of the first tripod
- 2121
- Linearaktuator des zweiten DreibeinsLinear actuator of the second tripod
- 3030
- Trägerelementsupport element
- 3131
- Schieberelementslide element
- 3232
- Führungselementguide element
- 3333
- Anlenkelementarticulation element
- 3434
- Zwischenelementintermediate element
- 4040
- gestellseitige Anlenkung zum zweiten DreibeinFrame-side linkage to the second tripod
- 4141
- gestellseitige Anlenkung zum ersten DreibeinFrame-side linkage to the first tripod
- 5050
- erste Vielfachanlenkung am Trägerelementfirst multiple articulation on the carrier element
- 5151
- zweite Vielfachanlenkung am Trägerelementsecond multiple articulation on the carrier element
- 6060
- weitere (gestellseitige) Anlenkung des Trägerelementsfurther (frame-side) articulation of the support element
- 7070
- erstes Griffteilfirst handle part
- 7171
- zweites Griffteilsecond handle part
- 8080
- Griffdrehaktuator, SchrittmotorHandle rotary actuator, stepper motor
- 9090
- Griffaktuatorgrip actuator
Claims (18)
- Input device operating on the parallel kinematic principle with haptic feedback for a computer, in particular for medical teleoperation with instruments,- with a frame (10) which exhibits three articulations (40),- with a rod-shaped carrier element (30) which exhibits a multiple articulation (50) and a further articulation (51; 60),- with the carrier element (30) coupled to the frame (10) so as to be mobile by means of three force-sensitive linear actuators (21) which in each case act on the multiple articulation (50) and on the articulations (40) of the frame (10), forming a tripod, and- with the rod-shaped carrier element (30) additionally coupled to the frame (10) by means of the further articulation (51; 60) as well so as to be able to move,- and with a grip part (70) arranged on the carrier element,characterised in that- the carrier element (30) exhibits a further grip part (71) which is mobile relative to the first grip part (70),- a force-sensitive grip actuator (20, 21; 90) is provided, and- at least one of the grip parts (70, 71) is coupled to the force-sensitive grip actuator (20, 21; 90).
- Input device according to claim 1, characterised in that- the frame (10) exhibits three further articulations (41),- the further articulation of the carrier element (30) is a second multiple articulation (51),- three further force-sensitive linear actuators (20) are provided which each act on the second multiple articulation (51) and on the further articulations (41) of the frame (10), forming a second tripod,- the first multiple articulation (50) is mobile relative to the second multiple articulation (51),- the two tripods form the first grip actuator (20, 21), and- the two grip parts (70, 71) are each associated with a tripod,
- Input device according, to claim 2, characterised in that
the portion of the carrier element (30) which is located between the two multiple locations (50, 51), is arranged outside the two tripods or outside one and inside the other tripod or inside the two tripods. - Input device according to claim 2, characterised in that
the respective articulations (40, 41) of the two tripods on the frame side each secure a frame level. - Input device according to claim 4, characterised in that
the respective articulations (40, 41) of the two tripods on the frame side are the corner points of two equilateral triangles. - Input device according to claim 5, characterised in that
the equilateral triangles are arranged parallel to one another at a distance, the straight line connecting the centroids of the triangles is perpendicular to the triangles and the two triangles are swivelled in relation to one another about the connecting straight line by a sixth of a full circle. - input device according to claim 1, characterised in that- the frame exhibits two further articulations,- the further articulation of the carrier element is a second multiple articulation,- two further force-sensitive linear actuators are provided which in each case act on the second multiple articulation and on the further articulations of the frame, forming a bipod, and- the first multiple articulation is a constant distance from the second multiple articulation.
- Input device according to claim 1, characterised in that
the carrier element (30) is coupled through its further articulation (60) directly
to the frame (10), and in that the multiple articulation (50) is mobile relative to the further articulation (60). - Input device according to claim 8, characterised in that
the tripod and the grip actuator (90) are each associated with one of the grip parts (70, 71). - Input device according to claim 8, characterised in that
the articulations (40) on the frame side and the further articulation (60) lie in one frame level. - Input device according to claim 8, characterised in that
the articulations (40) on the frame side are the corner points of an equilateral triangle, and the further articulation (60) lies in the centroid of the triangle. - Input device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that- the two grip parts (70, 71) are arranged so as to be rotationally mobile about the carrier element (30) and in that a force-sensitive rotational grip actuator (80) is provided by means of which at least one of the grip parts (70, 71) is coupled to the carrier element (30).
- Input device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
the carrier element (30) is in at least three parts, with two of the parts (31, 32) rotationally mobile in the multiple articulation (50) and coupled to a third part (33) by means of a force-sensitive rotational grip actuator. - Input device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
in its axial direction the carrier element (30) exhibits only one extension or two opposing extensions which project beyond the gap between the multiple articulation (50) and the further articulation (51, 60), and in that the just one extension exhibits two grip parts (70, 71) or the two extensions each exhibit one of the two grip parts (70, 71). - Input device according to at least one of claims 4 or,10, characterised in that the carrier element (30) extends through at least one frame level.
- Input device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
at least one of the two grip parts (70, 71) exhibits at least one gripping opening. - Input device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
at least one of the two grip parts (70, 71) is interchangeable with another grip part. - Input device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
the two grip parts (70, 71) simulate those of a laparoscopic instrument and in that the input device can be used for remote operation of a real or virtual laparoscopic instrument.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10152779 | 2001-10-29 | ||
DE10152779 | 2001-10-29 | ||
PCT/DE2002/004037 WO2003038541A2 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1440363A2 EP1440363A2 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1440363B1 true EP1440363B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
Family
ID=7703742
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02787352A Expired - Lifetime EP1440363B1 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7356448B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1440363B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE418096T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002351663A1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE10250496A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003038541A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005332157A (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-12-02 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Haptic force application type input device |
DE102005024667A1 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2006-12-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Haptic interface for use as haptic input device for interactive man-machine, has parallel kinematics independently operated from each other and provided for active or passive haptic reaction in form of forces and/or tactile impulses |
EP1989606A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2008-11-12 | Albert Schaeffer | Joint for the coupling of a plurality of, in particular, rod-shaped coupling parts |
WO2007084588A2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Spineology, Inc | Anchorless non-invasive force dissipation system for orthopedic instrumentation |
ATE525687T1 (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2011-10-15 | Force Dimension Technologies Sarl | ACTIVE GRIPPER FOR HAPTIC DEVICES |
CN101610877B (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 迪肯大学 | Method and apparatus for haptic control |
KR101486889B1 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2015-01-28 | 마코 서지컬 코포레이션 | Apparatus and method for providing an adjustable positive stop in space |
DE102008013495A1 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Polydimensions Gmbh | Haptic impression producing device for laparoscopic surgical simulation, has upper and lower joints fastened at pivot and working points, where Cartesian movements of kinematic device are transformed into rotatory and translatory movements |
US9161817B2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2015-10-20 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Robotic catheter system |
US20090248042A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Kirschenman Mark B | Model catheter input device |
US20090309825A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | User interface, method, and computer program for controlling apparatus, and apparatus |
DE102008058644A1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Num Industry Alliance Ag | cutter |
US8310350B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-11-13 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Mounting apparatus for a haptic surface |
US8310349B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-11-13 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Haptic surface with mechanical buttons |
US8535335B2 (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-09-17 | Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University) | Needle-coupled parallel mechanism |
US9645601B2 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-05-09 | Robert L. Stevenson | Point of control remote-actuation apparatus and methods |
CN108182843A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-19 | 武汉湾流科技股份有限公司 | A kind of motor vehicle repair teaching emulation tool and tutoring system |
RU2718595C1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-08 | Ассистирующие Хирургические Технологии (Аст), Лтд | Operator control unit for robotic surgical complex |
CN112349191B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-09-06 | 北京众绘虚拟现实技术研究院有限公司 | Parallel force feedback mechanism for laparoscopic surgery simulation |
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GB8904955D0 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1989-04-12 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Multi-axis hand controller |
US5223776A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1993-06-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Six-degree virtual pivot controller |
US5805140A (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1998-09-08 | Immersion Corporation | High bandwidth force feedback interface using voice coils and flexures |
US5731804A (en) | 1995-01-18 | 1998-03-24 | Immersion Human Interface Corp. | Method and apparatus for providing high bandwidth, low noise mechanical I/O for computer systems |
WO1995004959A1 (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-16 | Honeywell Inc. | Second generation six-degree-of-freedom virtual pivot hand controller |
US5625576A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1997-04-29 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Force reflecting haptic interface |
US6024576A (en) | 1996-09-06 | 2000-02-15 | Immersion Corporation | Hemispherical, high bandwidth mechanical interface for computer systems |
DE19649082C1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1998-01-08 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Remote control unit for implement with holder and two hexapods |
US6692485B1 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2004-02-17 | Endovia Medical, Inc. | Articulated apparatus for telemanipulator system |
AU6043099A (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-04-03 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Prosthetic, orthotic, and other rehabilitative robotic assistive devices actuated by smart materials |
DE10055294C2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-10-31 | Storz Karl Gmbh & Co Kg | Simulator device with at least two degrees of freedom of movement for use with a real instrument |
-
2002
- 2002-10-29 AU AU2002351663A patent/AU2002351663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-29 WO PCT/DE2002/004037 patent/WO2003038541A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-29 DE DE10250496A patent/DE10250496A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-29 AT AT02787352T patent/ATE418096T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-29 EP EP02787352A patent/EP1440363B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-29 DE DE10295032T patent/DE10295032D2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-29 DE DE50213135T patent/DE50213135D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-02 US US10/910,782 patent/US7356448B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50213135D1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
US20050156877A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
EP1440363A2 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
US7356448B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
WO2003038541A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
DE10250496A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
WO2003038541A2 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
ATE418096T1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
AU2002351663A1 (en) | 2003-05-12 |
DE10295032D2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
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