EP1440363A2 - Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback - Google Patents
Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedbackInfo
- Publication number
- EP1440363A2 EP1440363A2 EP02787352A EP02787352A EP1440363A2 EP 1440363 A2 EP1440363 A2 EP 1440363A2 EP 02787352 A EP02787352 A EP 02787352A EP 02787352 A EP02787352 A EP 02787352A EP 1440363 A2 EP1440363 A2 EP 1440363A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- input device
- handle
- frame
- carrier element
- linkage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G9/04737—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with six degrees of freedom
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04766—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks providing feel, e.g. indexing means, means to create counterforce
Definitions
- Input device based on the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic
- the present invention relates to an input device based on the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback for a computer, in particular for medical teleoperation with instruments, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such input devices are preferably required for difficult manipulations of objects that a person should not perform on them directly by hand, but remotely using an auxiliary machine or a robot with feeling. These are usually complex activities that require flexible, manual intervention by the operator and for which an exclusively visual control of robot activity is not sufficient.
- the operator who is usually physically separate from the place of work, receives important additional information that is independent of the visual sensory channel via haptic feedback of the input device.
- the haptic sensory channel which conveys both tactile and kinesthetic impressions, makes the position, orientation, weight and inertia of the robot and any tool attached, for example, tangible or palpable for the operator.
- the operator can receive information about the object to be manipulated, such as its size, shape, strength and surface quality.
- the operator can feel the working environment completely and feel the effect of their distant action - with or without additional visual control.
- Typical areas of application for such a telenavigation or operation are work in hostile environments such as in nuclear power plants, under water or in space.
- Control of construction machines, defusing bombs and, in particular, telesurgery are further application examples in which the haptic feedback of a (remote) input device is desired or even absolutely necessary.
- such input devices can also be used for the computer-aided simulation of manipulations on objects or human bodies described above, for example for experimental, teaching and training purposes.
- Both the manipulating tool, possibly without a robot, and the object to be processed are only available virtually in a computer or on its screen. In the simplest case, this can be a mouse pointer or a displayed finger on a graphical user interface with push buttons.
- Such input devices can also be used in combinations of real and virtual manipulation or haptic feedback.
- the linear actuators or their pull / push rods essentially form a bipod and a tripod, the foot-side ends of which are individually articulated on a common frame
- the ends of the tips are movably coupled to a likewise rod-shaped carrier element by means of multiple articulations.
- a pen-like handle is arranged on the carrier element.
- Hem feedback and two on / off buttons arranged on the handle are available, whereby actuators and buttons are connected to a computer.
- a major disadvantage of this device is that the delicate structure of the five linear actuators and the handle must be used to actuate it, and the operator's hand or forearm may collide with the actuators. This can cause undesirable control effects, damage to the device or even injuries to the forearm.
- Also stand only five active degrees of freedom are available and the buttons on the handle of the carrier element only allow the entry of Boolean information.
- the device connected to a computer unit essentially consists of a parallel-kinematic, six-axis drive and an operating knob.
- the drive comprises six spindles driven by stepper motors which, when arranged in pairs, form the shape of a tripod, one leg each consisting of two spindles guided approximately parallel to one another.
- the control knob At the top of the tripod is the control knob, which is coupled to the spindle via a triangular plate.
- the device has a power transmission option in six degrees of freedom, the control knob itself being passive. Due to the sluggish and gross motor function, the device is not suitable for difficult manipulations, e.g. for handling or remote control of surgical instruments are required. In addition, the range of action of the device is very limited, so that a larger area can only be processed with the aid of corresponding imaging scales greater than one. In addition to the mere navigation of a connected robot, additional tool functions with corresponding haptic feedback are not available with this device.
- the mobility of the pair of handles forms the fifth degree of freedom.
- a disadvantage of this input device is the complex and essentially serial structure of the kinematics with the weak points known in the art.
- corresponding force feedback functions are only intended for the gimbal suspension and for the displacement axis.
- the swivel range which is limited to a few degrees in the practical version, only allows unsatisfactory degree of realistic laparoscopy.
- the invention has for its object to provide a parallel kinematic input device with haptic feedback, which provides an active actuation function for a real or virtual tool and allows intuitive, realistic manipulation in a simple manner for many applications.
- the carrier element has a further grip part which is movable relative to the first grip part.
- the mutually movable handle parts are coupled via a force-sensitive handle actuator, which is preferably connected to the computer.
- any handles can be simulated with a second handle part, which forms a corresponding pair of handle parts with the first.
- These are preferably handles of hand-operated tools and instruments, such as, for example, scissors, pliers, clamps, syringes or any other tools or instruments with comparable gripping surfaces intended for hands or fingers.
- buttons, sliders or levers in which the focus is less on the gripping purpose and more on an actuation purpose, such as, for example, in a drilling machine, are also conceivable.
- the pair of handle parts according to the invention is advantageous in that the operator no longer has to adjust to unergonomic control elements or unusual handles.
- the device according to the invention can be used without any change to a skill that has been painstakingly acquired on appropriate tools. Surgeons in particular, who have to learn the handles for the precise operation of the medical instruments in years of continuous training, benefit from the described solution with two handle parts. Almost every hand-operated tool, for which at least one joint is provided for actuation, can be simulated accordingly with two handle parts that can be moved relative to one another.
- the direction of actuation of the handle parts is preferably aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent of the carrier element, but can also be perpendicular or at any other angle to it.
- the handle parts that are movable relative to one another also have haptic feedback by means of an intermediate, force-sensitive handle actuator.
- Known drives such as electromagnetic linear or stepper motors, can be used as handle actuators.
- Pneumatic or hydraulic drives are also conceivable for this. It goes without saying that the position of such actuators can be changed or positioned as desired or adjusted in any other way by appropriate control.
- force-sensitive actuators they have an additional sensor system with which a counteracting load, such as counterforce, moving mass and / or friction, can be determined.
- the hand or fingers can be adequately reported, for example, when the handle parts are moved towards one another, the resistance to the tool from the machined object that arises during this execution of the tool function. This applies to other types of movement such as moving apart, pivoting or twisting the handle parts corresponding. Of course, it is also possible to simply scan the real or virtual object without processing it.
- the handle actuator used can have any degree of freedom, preferably the same or the same as the handle parts themselves. It is advantageous if the handle actuator carries and / or guides at least one of the handle parts with corresponding joints at the same time.
- the handle actuator can be attached to or on the carrier element and partially on the handle parts or only on the handle parts.
- variable-length linear actuators used can preferably be electromagnetic linear direct drives, but also pneumatic or hydraulic linear direct drives.
- spindle and rack and pinion drives are conceivable, with only the distance between the articulations being variable and the spindle or the rack in itself being constant in length.
- force-sensitive actuators these drives also allow regulation of deflection and counteracting load.
- the linear actuators of the input device according to the invention are connected in a conventional manner by means of articulations, such as a cardan, spherical head or spherical shell joint or an alternative joint to this, both to the frame and to the carrier element in each case in two rotational degrees of freedom or pivotably, the linear actuators or whose actuators and stators together form a tripod.
- articulations such as a cardan, spherical head or spherical shell joint or an alternative joint to this, both to the frame and to the carrier element in each case in two rotational degrees of freedom or pivotably, the linear actuators or whose actuators and stators together form a tripod.
- Several individual articulations at one point or in a narrow area, as is the case between the carrier element and the tip of the tripod formed by the linear actuators, are referred to as a multiple articulation.
- the frame itself can be multi-level or, for example, a simple holder or a flat mounting plate.
- the support element itself is preferably carried out as a straight rod, for example as a tube or square profile. Furthermore, it is possible to design the carrier element in an arc shape.
- three further articulations are provided on the frame in addition to the three already present.
- the further articulation of the carrier element is designed as a second multiple articulation with three individual or combined articulations. It is essential that three additional force-sensitive linear actuators are provided, each of which acts on the second multiple linkage of the support element and on the three further linkages of the frame.
- the three linear actuators or their actuators and stators essentially form a second tripod.
- the first multiple linkage is movable relative to the second multiple linkage. This means that the two tips of the tripods can also be moved relative to one another, whereas the six articulations on the frame or the feet of the tripods remain stationary with respect to one another.
- the six linear actuators or the two tripods functionally form the handle actuator and the two handle parts are each structurally assigned to one of the tripods.
- the locations of the six articulations on the frame are constant with respect to one another.
- the multiple linkages on the carrier element and the linear actuators of one tripod coupled to them are movable relative to those of the other tripod. It is sufficient here, for example, if the multiple linkages of the one tripod are arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction of the carrier element. This can be via a variable-length carrier element, such as a cylinder / piston combination, for example, or via a longitudinally constant carrier element with a slide guided thereon.
- the carrier element can thus essentially consist of two parts that are movable relative to one another, with each part of the carrier element being assigned or attached to a handle part and the multiple linkage of a tripod. It is advantageous on the one hand that the degree of freedom of the multi-part carrier element can be used as a handle joint for the handle parts to be moved. The handle actuator no longer has to guide the handle parts and can therefore be carried out more easily. A particular advantage is the another that the linear actuators, which are divided into two tripods, can completely replace the handle actuator. Sufficient degrees of freedom are available with six linear actuators. In the case of multiple articulations of the support element which are stationary relative to one another, only five degrees of freedom are known to be required for the mathematical definition of the position / load of the input device.
- the missing information for the handle position / load is obtained from the position / load of the sixth linear actuator. If the handle position / load remains constant during operation, the sixth linear actuator has a positive effect on the precision and reliability due to the mathematical over-determination. In addition, the stability and reliability of the input device according to the invention are increased in this case.
- the mathematical calculations for controlling or evaluating the position / load are particularly simple if three of the linear actuators form an ideal tripod, at the tips of which the carrier element is articulated. If the axes of the linear actuators meet at least fictitiously in a single intersection and this intersection lies in the axis of the carrier element, trivial calculation methods can be used. With appropriate mathematical consideration, the linear actuators of the tripods can also run towards each other, e.g. if the linkages on the carrier element are arranged next to one another as in the prior art or the axes of rotation of a linkage do not intersect. With a constructive combination of several articulations in the convergence area of the tripods, it is possible to advantageously reduce joint play and also to save costs.
- the structure of the input device according to the invention consisting of frame, linear actuators and carrier element, can be variably configured depending on the conditions at the installation site. It is thus possible to arrange the section of the carrier element located between the two multiple articulations outside of both tripods, outside of one and within the other tripod, or within both tripods. For experimental purposes or where there is a large amount of space, it is preferable to use the to choose first configuration. For example, in confined spaces, in an installation partially below a desk or in an overhead installation, the latter two options can offer more advantages.
- the respective frame-side articulation of the two tripods can each span a frame level, which are preferably spaced parallel to one another.
- the two rack levels can, for example, be designed as rings and be firmly connected to one another via spacers.
- the mathematical calculations are considerably simplified if the respective frame-side linkages of the tripods are the corner points of two equilateral triangles, in particular if the triangles are spaced parallel to one another, and the straight line connecting the triangular centers of gravity to the triangles and the two triangles around the straight connecting line a sixth full circle, ie are swiveled by 60 degrees.
- the further articulation on the carrier element is also designed as a second multiple or double articulation.
- two further force-sensitive linear actuators are provided, each of which acts on the second multiple linkage and on the two further linkages of the frame, the linear actuators essentially forming a bipod and the distance between the two multiple linkages being constant. Grouping into a bipod and a tripod has mathematical advantages.
- the carrier element itself is constant in length and preferably made in one piece.
- the handle actuator is arranged kinematically independently of the linear actuators on or on the carrier element, so that in addition to the mobility of the handle parts, five degrees of freedom are also available for general navigation.
- the rod-shaped carrier element is direct or immediate via its further articulation coupled to the frame.
- the further articulation of the support element consequently also represents the articulation on the frame.
- the multiple articulation is movable relative to the further articulation, preferably displaceable relative to one another in the axial direction of the support element.
- the section of the carrier element which is located between the multiple linkage and the further linkage (frame-side linkage) is preferably variable in length, for example by means of a cylinder / piston combination.
- the carrier element can also be constant in length, in which case it is necessary that it is designed to be displaceable relative to the further (frame-side) articulation, for example as a toothed rack that can be pivoted at the pivot point.
- the distance of the two handle parts from the pivot point, ie for further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element can be changed. This changeability can be described as "immersing" the handles or the instrument in the object to be processed.
- the handle actuator is arranged directly between the handle parts, ie kinematically independently of the tripod, the three linear actuators are also for the mathematical determination of this additional degree of freedom
- This simple input device which is formed with only three linear actuators, is ideal for less complex tasks, for example with a simple laparoscopic intervention in an abdominal wall, a longitudinal movement restricted to a given pivot point is no longer a hindrance.
- the carrier element can be designed as a slide / guide combination, the first part of this combination being firmly connected to the first handle part and the multiple linkage of the carrier element, while the second part is displaceable with respect to the first and to the second handle part and the further ( frame-side) articulation of the support element is connected.
- the first handle actuator can be on one can be arranged anywhere between the further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element and the second handle part. For example, when using a rack as the second part of the slide / guide combination, this can be the case directly in the further (frame-side) linkage.
- the handle actuator can also be interposed or integrated into the support element at its engagement points, the support element then representing a fourth active leg in this section.
- the calculation method and the construction effort are simplified when the three linear actuators form an ideal tripod, at the tip of which the carrier element is at least fictionally articulated.
- a further simplification results if the three articulations of the frame and the further articulation (of the frame) of the support element lie in one plane.
- the three articulations of the frame are preferably the corner points of an equilateral triangle, in the center of gravity of which the further (frame-side) articulation of the carrier element is arranged.
- the plane or the triangle can also be the frame plane.
- the two handle parts are arranged such that they can rotate about the support element, a force-sensitive handle rotation actuator being provided, via which at least one of the handle parts is coupled to the support element.
- the two handle parts are preferably connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, so that it is sufficient to couple only one handle part to the handle actuator.
- the second With a corresponding rotational movement of the first grip part, the second follows the first in a rotationally guided manner around the carrier element.
- Rotary movements for example that of a screwdriver, are possible.
- a stepper motor can be used as a force-sensitive rotary handle actuator.
- the carrier element is embodied in at least three parts, two of the parts being rotatable in the multiple linkage and being coupled to the third part via a force-sensitive rotary handle actuator.
- the handle parts can each be fastened in a rotationally fixed manner to the first two parts of the carrier element.
- the carrier element is preferably designed as a slide / guide combination, the slide and guide being non-rotatable with respect to one another and being rotatable as a combination in the multiple articulation and in the axial direction of the carrier element, for example by means of a slewing ring.
- a stepper motor can in turn be used as the force-sensitive rotary handle actuator. This is switched between the rotatable parts and the third part, the third part being non-rotatable to the second multiple linkage or to the further linkage.
- the carrier element protrudes from the area formed by the multiple linkage and the further linkage of the carrier element in the axial direction of the carrier element. At least one grip part is arranged outside this area. It is possible to extend the support element on one side beyond this area and to arrange both gripping parts on this one extension, i.e. on one side outside, as well as to extend the support element on both sides and one of the grip parts on each of the opposite extensions, i.e. on both sides outside to arrange.
- the handle parts can be arranged outside the range of motion of the linear actuators. It is essential that the operator's hand or fingers can no longer collide with the actuators.
- the linear actuators and the frame can be clearly spaced from the handle parts.
- the frame and linear actuators in a compact design below and the handle parts above a desk, the carrier element projecting through the frame level and / or table surface. It is also advantageous to encapsulate the frame with the linear actuators, for example against dust and other environmental influences, and to keep only the gripping parts accessible to the operator. Depending on the area of application of the input device according to the invention, it can be advantageous if at least one of the two handle parts has at least one gripping opening, for example for at least one finger, similar to scissors.
- a real or virtual laparoscopic instrument can be remotely controlled with the input device according to the invention, the handle parts being modeled on those of a laparoscopic instrument.
- FIG. 1 a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment with two tripods
- FIG. 2 a schematic view according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4 a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment with two tripods in an alternative configuration
- FIG. 5 a schematic representation of a third exemplary embodiment with two tripods in an alternative configuration
- 6 a perspective illustration of a fourth embodiment with only one tripod
- FIGS. 7 and 8 a schematic illustration of a fifth embodiment with a bipod.
- Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a particularly preferred embodiment of the input device according to the invention with a fixed frame 10 and a rod-shaped support element 30 movable relative thereto.
- the frame 10 and the support element 30 are via six independent, adjustable in length and of the same design linear actuators 20 and 21 connected to each other.
- the frame 10 has a lower and an upper frame ring 11 and 12. These are spaced apart from one another in parallel or congruently via three spacers 13 which are regularly and vertically arranged on them in the circumferential direction.
- the frame rings 11 and 12 are each with the first ends of the three linear actuators 20 and 21 via only schematically illustrated articulations 41 and 40, of which only two are visible in Figure 1, in two rotational degrees of freedom, such as with ball or universal joints, pivotally connected. It can be seen that the three linkages 40 and the three linkages 41 on the frame rings 11 and 12 form two equilateral triangles which are pivoted relative to one another by 60 degrees.
- the three linear actuators 20 form a first and the three linear actuators 21 form a second group of three, each in the form of a substantially tapered tripod with a regular base area, the two tripods being opposed to one another and regularly intertwined.
- the linear ends of the linear actuators 20 and 21, respectively are divided into two at their lower ends by means of multiple articulations 51 and 50, respectively, with the lower end of an articulation element 33 and the lower end of a slide element 31 rotational degrees of freedom, such as with a ball or universal joint, pivotally connected.
- the articulation element 33 is opposite the multiple articulation 51 or the second ends of the linear actuators 20 in its own axis direction or support element direction provided in a rotationally fixed manner, whereas at the lower end of the slide element 31 an additional rotary joint, not shown, is interposed, which enables the slide element 31 to rotate about its own axis or in the direction of the carrier element with respect to the multiple linkages 50 or the second ends of the linear actuators 21.
- the swivel joint such as a slewing ring, is preferably structurally combined with the multiple linkage 50.
- the carrier element 30 also has a guide element 32 which is guided in sections in the tubular slide element 31 in a rotationally fixed manner and is displaceable relative to the latter.
- a handle rotary actuator or stepper motor 80 is arranged between the lower end of the guide element 32 and the upper end of the articulation element 33. This stepper motor 80 couples the guide element 32 and the slide element 31 to the articulation element 33 so as to be rotatable about the axis of the carrier element.
- the slide element 31 and the section of the guide element 32 which is located outside the two tripods, form an extension projecting on one side from the area or section of the multiple linkages 50 and 51.
- the extension penetrates the upper frame ring 11.
- a first handle part 70 and at the upper end of the guide element 32 a second handle part 71 are fastened, which form a pair of movable handle parts.
- Both grip parts have gripping openings laterally obstructed by the carrier element 30, the gripping opening of the first grip part 70 being provided for a thumb and the gripping opening of the second grip part 71 for the index and middle fingers of an operator's hand.
- the multiple linkages 50 and 51 move away from one another. If this is done by pressing the first handle part 70 onto the second handle part 71 without the position and orientation of the second changing in the process, the guide element 32 is displaced to a certain extent by the positionally constant slide element 31 and causes a lengthwise and Change in orientation of the linear actuators 20. If the compression of the handle parts 70 and 71 occurs by pulling the hen the second to the stationary first, the slide element 31 is pulled up along the guide element with the multiple linkage 50, and as a result the length and orientation of the linear actuators 21 change accordingly.
- the stepper motor 80 provides the rotatability of the two grip parts 70 and 71 about the axis of the carrier element. If both handle parts are rotated about this axis, the slide element 31 and the guide element 32 rotate both with respect to the multiple linkage 50 or the second ends of the linear actuators 21 and also with respect to the linkage element 33 and the multiple linkages 51 or the second ends of the linear actuators 20.
- this embodiment with the six linear actuators 20 and 21 and the stepper motor 80 over six, i.e. has three translatory and three rotatory active degrees of freedom as well as one active translatory degree of freedom of actuation, the handle actuator being replaced by a combination of the linear actuators and therefore not being able to be represented separately.
- FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment according to FIG. 1 schematically.
- the common frame 10 is only hinted at. However, all six frame-side articulations 40 and 41 on the upper frame ring 11 and the lower frame ring 12 can be seen.
- the two tripods of the linear actuators 20 and 21 are approximately in a symmetrical starting position, the carrier element 30 pointing vertically upwards.
- the multiple links 50 and 51 are each assigned the second ends of the linear actuators 20 and 21 together.
- the central axis of the carrier element and the axes of the linear actuators 20 and 21 ideally intersect there in a single point.
- Each of the linear actuators 20 and 21 can be pivoted at the respective point in two rotational degrees of freedom. After all, is good It can be seen that the slide element 31 is displaceably guided in the guide element 32 and that both the slide element 31 and the guide element 32 protrude through the multiple linkage 50.
- FIG. 3 also shows the first embodiment according to FIG. 1, but the tripods of the linear actuators 20 and 21 and the carrier element 30 are clearly deflected relative to the position in FIG. 2. It can be seen that the linear actuators 20 have very different lengths, and that the second multiple linkage 51 is located outside the tripod volume of the linear actuators 21.
- FIG. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment with two tripods in an alternative configuration, wherein it can be seen that the area of the carrier element 30 between the two multiple linkages 50 and 51 is arranged outside of both tripods. However, the orientation of the two tripods is the same as in the first embodiment; facing each other.
- FIG. 5 shows a third exemplary embodiment with two tripods in an alternative configuration, wherein it can be seen that the area of the carrier element 30 between the two multiple linkages 50 and 51 is in turn arranged outside both tripods.
- the two tripods are oriented the same this time; the tips of the tripods point upwards.
- FIG. 6 shows the basic structure of a fourth advantageous exemplary embodiment of the input device according to the invention, again with a fixed frame 10 and a rod-shaped carrier element 30 movable relative thereto.
- the frame 10 and the carrier element 30 are only of three independent, adjustable in length and of the same type executed linear actuators 21 connected to each other.
- the frame 10 is designed as a triangular plate in this embodiment.
- the lower ends of the linear actuators 20 can be pivoted in three rotational degrees of freedom via three articulations 40, which are only shown schematically connected to the frame 10.
- the articulations 40 define an equilateral triangle.
- the three linear actuators 21 form a group of three in the form of an essentially tapered tripod with a regular base area.
- the upper end of the linear actuators 21 is pivotally connected to the lower end of a slide element 31 of the carrier element 30 in each case in two rotational degrees of freedom via a multiple linkage 50 (not shown).
- a rotary joint (not shown) is additionally interposed at the lower end of the slide element 31, which enables the slide element 31 to rotate about its own axis with respect to the multiple linkage 50 or the upper ends of the linear actuators 21.
- the carrier element 30 has a guide element 32 which is guided in sections in the tubular slide element 31 in a rotationally fixed manner and is displaceable relative to the latter.
- the carrier element additionally has an intermediate element 34, a handle actuator 90 having a translational degree of freedom in the axis of the carrier element being connected between the lower end of the guide element 32 and the upper end of the intermediate element 34.
- the handle actuator 90 itself can be designed like a linear actuator, whereby this changes or detects the total length of the carrier element 30 between the guide part 32 and the intermediate part 34.
- a stepper motor 80 is switched on between the lower end of the intermediate element 34 and the upper end of an articulation element 33.
- the lower end of the articulation element 33 is connected via a further (frame-side) articulation 60 of the support element directly to the frame 10 in two rotational degrees of freedom.
- the articulation element 33 is in turn provided in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the frame 10.
- the articulation 60 is arranged in the centroid of the equilateral triangle of the articulations 40.
- the slide element 31 and the section of the guide element 32 which is located outside the tripod, form one side of the area or section of the multiple linkage 50 and the linkage 60.
- handle parts 70 and 71 are arranged in the same way, the rotational movement of which, together with the slide element 31 and the guide element 32, is designed in relation to the articulation element 33 and the multiple articulation 50 or the upper ends of the linear actuators 21 as in FIG.
- the slide element 31 moves downward along the guide element 32 and the distance between the The multiple linkage 50 and the linkage 60 are reduced, the length of the handle actuator 90 and that of the linear actuators 21 being shortened accordingly.
- the orientation of the linear actuators 21 also changes here.
- the opening takes place by pulling up the first handle part 70 relative to the second handle part 71 without the spatial position and orientation of the second and the slide element 31 changing, only the guide element is pulled upwards, the distance between the multiple linkage 50 and the Linkage 60 and the lengths and orientations of the linear actuators 21, however, remain constant and only the total length of the guide element 32 is lengthened by the handle actuator 90.
- the handle parts 70 and 71 are opened by an absolute movement of both handle parts, then in the first case all three linear actuators 21 are changed in length and orientation and the handle actuator 90 is changed in length. If both handle parts 70 and 71, with or without their actuation, are moved together in space, the orientation of the carrier element 30 together with the handle actuator 90 also changes.
- the handle actuator 90 can therefore also be referred to as the fourth leg of the input device.
- the rotatability is provided via a handle rotary actuator 80, the handle actuator 90 and the intermediate element 34 being coupled to the rotary movement.
- the order of the handle actuator and handle rotary actuator along the support element could also be exchanged.
- the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has the three linear actuators 21, the handle rotary actuator or stepper motor 80 and the handle actuator 90 over three, ie over one translatory and two rotational active degrees of freedom as well as over one active translational degree of freedom of actuation.
- the actuators of the input devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 can be connected to a computer (not shown) and, moreover, optionally with a motorized tool.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show a fifth embodiment of an input device with a bipod.
- a frame 10 has an upper frame ring 11, on which two frame-side articulations 40 are provided.
- a first multiple linkage 50 and a further (frame-side) linkage 60 are provided on a carrier element 30.
- the frame 10 and the support element 30 are movably connected to one another via two force-sensitive linear actuators 21, the linear actuators being switched on between the articulations 40 and the multiple articulation 50, forming a bipod.
- An additional force-sensitive linear actuator 21 ′ is arranged on the linkage 40 and takes over the function of the third linear actuator in the fourth exemplary embodiment.
- Frame upper frame ring lower frame ring spacer linear actuator of the first tripod linear actuator of the second tripod support element slide element guide element articulation element intermediate element frame-side linkage to the second tripod frame-side linkage to the first tripod first multiple linkage on the support element second multiple linkage on the support element further handle part of the handle element first handle part of the handle element first handle part first linkage part Stepper motor handle actuator
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
- Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10152779 | 2001-10-29 | ||
DE10152779 | 2001-10-29 | ||
PCT/DE2002/004037 WO2003038541A2 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1440363A2 true EP1440363A2 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1440363B1 EP1440363B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
Family
ID=7703742
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02787352A Expired - Lifetime EP1440363B1 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Input device in accordance with the parallel kinematic principle and with haptic feedback |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7356448B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1440363B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE418096T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002351663A1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE10295032D2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003038541A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005332157A (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-12-02 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Haptic force application type input device |
DE102005024667A1 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2006-12-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Haptic interface for use as haptic input device for interactive man-machine, has parallel kinematics independently operated from each other and provided for active or passive haptic reaction in form of forces and/or tactile impulses |
WO2007031071A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-22 | Albert Schaeffer | Joint for the coupling of a plurality of, in particular, rod-shaped coupling parts |
CA2642798A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Spineology, Inc. | Anchorless non-invasive force dissipation system for orthopedic instrumentation |
ATE525687T1 (en) | 2006-07-03 | 2011-10-15 | Force Dimension Technologies Sarl | ACTIVE GRIPPER FOR HAPTIC DEVICES |
EP2422939B9 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2013-10-23 | Deakin University | Method and apparatus for haptic control |
CN101600998B (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2011-12-28 | 马科外科公司 | Apparatus and method for providing an adjustable positive stop in space |
DE102008013495A1 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Polydimensions Gmbh | Haptic impression producing device for laparoscopic surgical simulation, has upper and lower joints fastened at pivot and working points, where Cartesian movements of kinematic device are transformed into rotatory and translatory movements |
US9161817B2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2015-10-20 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Robotic catheter system |
US20090248042A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Kirschenman Mark B | Model catheter input device |
US20090309825A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | User interface, method, and computer program for controlling apparatus, and apparatus |
DE102008058644A1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Num Industry Alliance Ag | cutter |
US8310350B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-11-13 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Mounting apparatus for a haptic surface |
US8310349B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-11-13 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Haptic surface with mechanical buttons |
US8535335B2 (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-09-17 | Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University) | Needle-coupled parallel mechanism |
US9645601B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2017-05-09 | Robert L. Stevenson | Point of control remote-actuation apparatus and methods |
CN108182843A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-19 | 武汉湾流科技股份有限公司 | A kind of motor vehicle repair teaching emulation tool and tutoring system |
RU2718595C1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-08 | Ассистирующие Хирургические Технологии (Аст), Лтд | Operator control unit for robotic surgical complex |
CN112349191B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-09-06 | 北京众绘虚拟现实技术研究院有限公司 | Parallel force feedback mechanism for laparoscopic surgery simulation |
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GB8904955D0 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1989-04-12 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Multi-axis hand controller |
US5223776A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1993-06-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Six-degree virtual pivot controller |
US5805140A (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1998-09-08 | Immersion Corporation | High bandwidth force feedback interface using voice coils and flexures |
US5731804A (en) | 1995-01-18 | 1998-03-24 | Immersion Human Interface Corp. | Method and apparatus for providing high bandwidth, low noise mechanical I/O for computer systems |
WO1995004959A1 (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-16 | Honeywell Inc. | Second generation six-degree-of-freedom virtual pivot hand controller |
US5625576A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1997-04-29 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Force reflecting haptic interface |
US6024576A (en) | 1996-09-06 | 2000-02-15 | Immersion Corporation | Hemispherical, high bandwidth mechanical interface for computer systems |
DE19649082C1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1998-01-08 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Remote control unit for implement with holder and two hexapods |
US6692485B1 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2004-02-17 | Endovia Medical, Inc. | Articulated apparatus for telemanipulator system |
US6379393B1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2002-04-30 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Prosthetic, orthotic, and other rehabilitative robotic assistive devices actuated by smart materials |
DE10055294C2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-10-31 | Storz Karl Gmbh & Co Kg | Simulator device with at least two degrees of freedom of movement for use with a real instrument |
-
2002
- 2002-10-29 DE DE10295032T patent/DE10295032D2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-29 WO PCT/DE2002/004037 patent/WO2003038541A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-29 AT AT02787352T patent/ATE418096T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-29 DE DE50213135T patent/DE50213135D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-29 EP EP02787352A patent/EP1440363B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-29 DE DE10250496A patent/DE10250496A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-29 AU AU2002351663A patent/AU2002351663A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-08-02 US US10/910,782 patent/US7356448B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03038541A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10250496A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
AU2002351663A1 (en) | 2003-05-12 |
WO2003038541A2 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
US7356448B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
ATE418096T1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
EP1440363B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
DE50213135D1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
US20050156877A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
DE10295032D2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
WO2003038541A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
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