EP1439597A1 - Transmission path switching system 1 input / 2 outputs avoiding transmission failures in satellites systems - Google Patents

Transmission path switching system 1 input / 2 outputs avoiding transmission failures in satellites systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1439597A1
EP1439597A1 EP03293176A EP03293176A EP1439597A1 EP 1439597 A1 EP1439597 A1 EP 1439597A1 EP 03293176 A EP03293176 A EP 03293176A EP 03293176 A EP03293176 A EP 03293176A EP 1439597 A1 EP1439597 A1 EP 1439597A1
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Prior art keywords
components
portions
parallel
line
integer multiple
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1439597B1 (en
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Jean-Christophe Cayrou
Régis Barbaste
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/15—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of transmission electromagnetic signals, including microwave signals, in in particular the switching of such signals, and relates to a device for switching from one channel to two without a single point of failure.
  • the present invention finds its application in particular in the framework of signal processing systems reporting a structure in which the functional modules are organized so as to lead to a type two for one redundancy.
  • modules that are duplicated so that it can be remedied failure affecting the operation of a functional module by operation of an identical or similar module which duplicates it in a parallel branch.
  • Such redundancy is conventionally applied to various modules included in equipment on board and for example to amplifier modules allowing to act on signals which are transmitted via waveguides.
  • the commands applied on each channel must necessarily be complementary if the devices are identical (transistors of the same nature, diodes, ). Therefore, if the orders do not reach one devices, and a fortiori to both, they do not behave either as short circuits, nor as open circuits.
  • the signal is spreading then simultaneously in both channels and the losses are then at a minimum division losses, i.e. 3 db (half the signal in each of the channels). If the switch is placed upstream of a receiving head, these losses are inadmissible from a system point of view. The switch then constitutes a single point of failure.
  • the selection of one or the other of the two branches of the system is carried out by activation of the first processing module of one of the two branches and corresponding adaptation of the impedance of this branch for energy extraction and transmission electromagnetic signals propagating in the waveguide, the other branch with reflective impedance (no transmission).
  • the present invention aims in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • a switching device a lane towards two, comprising a portion of entry line and two portions of output lines connected to said portion of input line at a branch point and defining with said portion of entry line two possible propagation paths for electromagnetic signals arriving via said portion of entry line at said branch point, each output line portion comprising an electronic component to two states, forming either substantially an open circuit, or substantially a short circuit depending on application of an adequate control signal and being in one of the two aforementioned states in the absence of a signal control, these two identical electronic components being mounted, each, in series in or in parallel on one of the two portions of lines of outlet, device characterized in that it has an asymmetrical structure, the two propagation paths differentiating themselves by their configurations and / or parity of their electrical lengths, expressed in quarter wavelengths, between said components and the point branch line, in such a way that, whatever the state of the said components, one of the two channels is busy and the other channel is blocked for said electromagnetic signals.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a switching device 5 a route to two, comprising a portion of input line 1 and two portions of output lines 2 and 3 connected to said portion of input line 1 to the level of a branch point A and defining with said portion of input line 1 two possible propagation paths 1 - 2 and 1 - 3 for electromagnetic signals arriving through said portion of input line 1 at said branch point A, each portion of outlet line 2 and 3 comprising an electronic component 4 and 4 'with two states, forming either substantially an open circuit, i.e.
  • the switching device 5 without single point of failure has an asymmetrical structure, both propagation paths (1-2 and 1-3) differentiating between them by their configurations and / or parity of their electrical lengths, expressed in quarter wavelengths, between said components 4, 4 'and the point branch line A, so that, whatever the state of the said components, one of the two channels is busy and the other channel is blocked for said electromagnetic signals.
  • the two identical electronic components 4 and 4 ' form each, in the absence of a control signal, ideally a short circuit (zero or almost zero impedance) or an open circuit (high impedance) and are controlled by the same control signal which forces them simultaneously in one of the two aforementioned states.
  • the 4 'electronic component on channel 1 - 3 has a open circuit but in parallel configuration, so that it is invisible from point C. Channel 1 - 3 is therefore busy, while channel 1 - 2 is blocked.
  • the electronic components 4 and 4 ' are chosen from the group formed by solid state components (diodes, transistors, microelectronic switches or the like) and micro-machined components.
  • the subject of the invention is also, as shown in the figure 6, a type 2 for 1 redundancy system comprising two identical functional parallel branches.
  • This system is characterized in that the selective transmission electromagnetic signals to one of the two branches 6 and 6 'east produced by means of a switching device 5 as described above, each portion of output line 2, 3 of said device 5 being connected to the input of one of the two branches 6 and 6 'of said system.
  • the outputs of the two branches 6 and 6 ' are connected to the portions of output lines 2 and 3 of a switching device 5 of the aforementioned type mounted in reverse, of so as to form a two-way to one switching device.
  • line should be understood as covering any medium capable of carrying signals electromagnetic and in particular as concerning lines in the form of wire conductors, in ribbons, in tracks, in waveguides, etc.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Indexing, Searching, Synchronizing, And The Amount Of Synchronization Travel Of Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Abstract

The device has two propagation channels (1-2, 1-3) differentiated by their configurations and/or by parity of their electrical lengths, expressed in quarts along a wave, between electronic components (4, 4) and a point of junction A. The channels are differentiated in such a way that one channel is busy and another channel is blocked for electromagnetic signals, independent of state of electronic components. An Independent claim is also included for a redundancy system.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la transmission de signaux électromagnétiques, notamment de signaux hyperfréquence, en particulier la commutation de tels signaux, et a pour objet un dispositif de commutation une voie vers deux sans point de panne unique.The present invention relates to the field of transmission electromagnetic signals, including microwave signals, in in particular the switching of such signals, and relates to a device for switching from one channel to two without a single point of failure.

La présente invention trouve notamment son application dans le cadre des systèmes de traitement de signaux faisant état d'une structure dans laquelle les modules fonctionnels sont organisés de manière à aboutir à une redondance de type deux pour un.The present invention finds its application in particular in the framework of signal processing systems reporting a structure in which the functional modules are organized so as to lead to a type two for one redundancy.

En effet, certains types d'équipements, notamment les équipements destinés à être embarqués dans des satellites, comportent des modules qui sont dupliqués, de manière qu'il puisse être remédié à une panne affectant le fonctionnement d'un module fonctionnel par mise en fonctionnement d'un module identique ou similaire qui le duplique dans une branche parallèle.Indeed, certain types of equipment, in particular the equipment intended to be embarked on satellites, include modules that are duplicated so that it can be remedied failure affecting the operation of a functional module by operation of an identical or similar module which duplicates it in a parallel branch.

Une telle redondance, dite de type deux pour un, est classiquement appliquée à divers modules inclus dans des équipements embarqués et par exemple à des modules amplificateurs permettant d'agir sur des signaux qui sont transmis par l'intermédiaire de guides d'ondes.Such redundancy, called type two for one, is conventionally applied to various modules included in equipment on board and for example to amplifier modules allowing to act on signals which are transmitted via waveguides.

Dans de tels cas de redondances en deux pour un, on utilise actuellement classiquement un commutateur une voie vers deux (SPDT) mécanique (commutateur T par exemple), qui reste dans un état préalablement établi en l'absence de commande. Il découle de cette propriété qu'une commande appropriée est nécessaire pour changer le commutateur d'état.In such cases of two-for-one redundancy, we use currently classically a one way to two switch (SPDT) mechanical (switch T for example), which remains in a state previously established in the absence of an order. It follows from this property that an appropriate command is required to change the status switch.

Un exemple d'un tel commutateur mécanique est donné sur la figure 1 où dans la configuration 1 (figure 1A), le commutateur permet au signal de se propager de l'accès 1 vers l'accès 3 (l'accès 2 lui étant interdit) puis, après une commande ou un actionnement approprié(e) (configuration 2 - figure 1B), le commutateur permet au signal de se propager de l'accès 1 vers l'accès 2 (l'accès 3 lui étant interdit).An example of such a mechanical switch is given on the Figure 1 where in configuration 1 (Figure 1A), the switch allows the signal to propagate from access 1 to access 3 (access 2 being prohibited) then, after an appropriate command or actuation (configuration 2 - figure 1B), the switch allows the signal to propagate from access 1 towards access 2 (access 3 being prohibited).

Compte tenu du fait que le commutateur mécanique reste dans un état fonctionnel donné en l'absence de commande, il ne constitue pas de point de panne unique. Given that the mechanical switch remains in a functional state given in the absence of an order, it does not constitute single point of failure.

Néanmoins, ces commutateurs mécaniques font état d'un encombrement important et sont relativement lourds, ce qui rend leur utilisation pénalisante dans certaines applications, notamment dans les applications spatiales.However, these mechanical switches show a large footprint and are relatively heavy, making them penalizing use in certain applications, in particular in space applications.

Pour remédier à ces inconvénients et limitations, il a été proposé de remplacer les commutateurs mécaniques par des dispositifs de commutation utilisant des composants électroniques.To remedy these drawbacks and limitations, it has been proposed to replace mechanical switches with safety devices switching using electronic components.

Toutefois, en l'absence de commande (tension ou courant d'alimentation), un commutateur une voie vers deux utilisant des composants électroniques à solide (diodes, transistors, ...) est dans une configuration indéterminée et non fonctionnelle. Cet état de fait résulte de la symétrie des voies du commutateur.However, in the absence of a command (voltage or current ), a one-to-two switch using solid state electronic components (diodes, transistors, ...) is in a indeterminate and non-functional configuration. This state of affairs results from the symmetry of the switch channels.

Pour mieux comprendre le problème posé par cette situation, on explique ci-après le fonctionnement de tels commutateurs électroniques connus en relation avec les figures 2 et 3 annexées, dans le cas d'une configuration série (figure 2) et d'une configuration parallèle (figure 3).To better understand the problem posed by this situation, we explains below the operation of such electronic switches known in connection with Figures 2 and 3 attached, in the case of a serial configuration (Figure 2) and a parallel configuration (Figure 3).

Dans le cas de la figure 2, la distance électrique entre les points A et B d'une part, A et C d'autre part est égale à un multiple entier de la moitié de la longueur d'onde du signal. Les dispositifs permettant la commutation d'une voie vers l'autre sont placés en série sur chacune des voies et les commandes appliquées au dispositif de chacune des voies sont complémentaires. Dans le principe, le commutateur fonctionne de la façon suivante :

  • Cas 1 : la commande envoyée sur le dispositif placé sur la voie 1 - 2 (1 vers 2) fait que celui-ci se comporte comme un court-circuit. La commande complémentaire envoyée sur le dispositif placé sur la voie 1 - 3 fait que celui-ci se comporte alors comme un circuit ouvert. Vue de l'embranchement au point A, la voie 1 - 2 est adaptée alors que la voie 1 - 3 présente un circuit ouvert. La voie 1 - 2 est donc passante et la voie 1 - 3 est bloquée.
  • Cas 2 : c'est le cas complémentaire du cas 1. La voie 1 - 3 est passante et la voie 1 - 2 est bloquée.
In the case of FIG. 2, the electrical distance between points A and B on the one hand, A and C on the other hand is equal to an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the signal. The devices enabling switching from one channel to the other are placed in series on each of the channels and the commands applied to the device of each of the channels are complementary. In principle, the switch works as follows:
  • Case 1: the command sent to the device placed on channel 1 - 2 (1 to 2) causes it to behave like a short circuit. The additional command sent to the device placed on channel 1 - 3 causes it to behave like an open circuit. View of the branch at point A, track 1 - 2 is adapted while track 1 - 3 has an open circuit. Channel 1 - 2 is therefore busy and channel 1 - 3 is blocked.
  • Case 2: this is the complementary case of case 1. Channel 1 - 3 is busy and channel 1 - 2 is blocked.

Dans le cas de la figure 3, la distance électrique entre les points A et B d'une part, A et C d'autre part est égale à un multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde du signal. Les dispositifs permettant la commutation d'une voie vers l'autre sont placés en parallèle sur chacune des voies. Les commandes appliquées au dispositif de chacune des voies sont complémentaires. Dans le principe, ce commutateur fonctionne de la façon suivante :

  • Cas 1 : la commande envoyée sur le dispositif placé sur la voie 1 - 2 fait que celui-ci se comporte comme un court-circuit. L'impédance vue de l'embranchement au point A est un circuit ouvert. La commande complémentaire envoyée sur le dispositif placé sur la voie 1 - 3 fait que celui-ci se comporte alors comme un circuit ouvert. Placé en parallèle, celui-ci est donc transparent. Vues de l'embranchement au point A, la voie 1 - 3 est adaptée alors que la voie 1 - 2 présente un circuit ouvert. La voie 1 - 3 est donc passante et la voie 1 - 2 est bloquée.
  • Cas 2 : c'est le cas complémentaire au cas 1. La voie 1 - 2 est passante et la voie 1 - 3 est bloquée.
In the case of FIG. 3, the electrical distance between points A and B on the one hand, A and C on the other hand is equal to an odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength of the signal. The devices enabling switching from one channel to the other are placed in parallel on each of the channels. The commands applied to the device of each channel are complementary. In principle, this switch works as follows:
  • Case 1: the command sent to the device placed on channel 1 - 2 causes it to behave like a short circuit. The impedance seen from the branch at point A is an open circuit. The additional command sent to the device placed on channel 1 - 3 causes it to behave like an open circuit. Placed in parallel, it is therefore transparent. Seen from the branch at point A, track 1 - 3 is adapted while track 1 - 2 has an open circuit. Channel 1 - 3 is therefore busy and channel 1 - 2 is blocked.
  • Case 2: this is the complementary case to case 1. Channel 1 - 2 is busy and channel 1 - 3 is blocked.

On remarque que, du fait de la symétrie du commutateur, les commandes appliquées sur chacune des voies doivent nécessairement être complémentaires si les dispositifs sont identiques (transistors de même nature, diodes, ...). De ce fait, si les commandes ne parviennent pas à l'un des dispositifs, et a fortiori aux deux, ceux-ci ne se comportent ni comme des courts-circuits, ni comme des circuits ouverts. Le signal se propage alors simultanément dans les deux voies et les pertes sont alors au minimum les pertes de division, c'est-à-dire 3 db (la moitié du signal dans chacune des voies). Si le commutateur est placé en amont d'une tête de réception, ces pertes sont inadmissibles d'un point de vue système. Le commutateur constitue alors un point de panne unique.Note that, due to the symmetry of the switch, the commands applied on each channel must necessarily be complementary if the devices are identical (transistors of the same nature, diodes, ...). Therefore, if the orders do not reach one devices, and a fortiori to both, they do not behave either as short circuits, nor as open circuits. The signal is spreading then simultaneously in both channels and the losses are then at a minimum division losses, i.e. 3 db (half the signal in each of the channels). If the switch is placed upstream of a receiving head, these losses are inadmissible from a system point of view. The switch then constitutes a single point of failure.

Des dispositifs de commutation dans lesquels le problème mentionné ci-dessus est présent sont notamment décrits dans les documents US-A-4 316 159, US-A-4 779 065 et US-A-5 696 470, en relation avec des arrangements de commutation simples, doubles ou matriciels, associés ou non à des systèmes à redondance en deux pour un.Switching devices in which the problem mentioned above is present are notably described in the documents US-A-4,316,159, US-A-4,779,065 and US-A-5,696,470, in connection with single, double or matrix switching arrangements, associated or no to two-for-one redundancy systems.

Il a également été proposé, en vue de supprimer les commutateurs ou les dispositifs actifs de commutation analogues en tant que tels, de fournir un guide d'ondes sous forme d'un tube creux apte à transmettre des signaux électromagnétiques et dans la paroi duquel sont montés deux organes de prélèvement de champs électromagnétiques (ou sondes de couplage) reliés aux deux branches fonctionnelles dupliquées d'un système à redondance en deux pour un. Une telle solution est notamment divulguée par le document WO 01/82405. It has also been proposed to remove the switches or similar active switching devices as as such, to provide a waveguide in the form of a hollow tube capable of transmit electromagnetic signals and in the wall of which are mounted two devices for sampling electromagnetic fields (or coupling probes) connected to the two duplicated functional branches a two-for-one redundancy system. One such solution is in particular disclosed by document WO 01/82405.

La sélection de l'une ou de l'autre des deux branches du système est réalisée par activation du premier module de traitement de l'une des deux branches et adaptation correspondante de l'impédance de cette branche pour un prélèvement et une transmission de l'énergie électromagnétique des signaux se propageant dans le guide d'ondes, l'autre branche présentant une impédance réfléchissante (aucune transmission).The selection of one or the other of the two branches of the system is carried out by activation of the first processing module of one of the two branches and corresponding adaptation of the impedance of this branch for energy extraction and transmission electromagnetic signals propagating in the waveguide, the other branch with reflective impedance (no transmission).

Toutefois, cette dernière solution nécessite la fourniture d'une structure formant guide d'ondes et pourvue des deux sondes de prélèvement (montage mécanique précis) et généralement des modules supplémentaires d'adaptation d'impédance à la suite de chaque sonde, d'où il résulte une constitution d'ensemble encombrante, complexe et coûteuse.However, the latter solution requires the provision of a waveguide structure and provided with two sampling probes (precise mechanical assembly) and generally additional modules impedance matching following each probe, resulting in a bulky, complex and costly overall structure.

La présente invention a notamment pour but de pallier les inconvénients précités.The present invention aims in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

A cet effet, elle a pour objet un dispositif de commutation une voie vers deux, comprenant une portion de ligne d'entrée et deux portions de lignes de sortie reliées à ladite portion de ligne d'entrée au niveau d'un point d'embranchement et définissant avec ladite portion de ligne d'entrée deux voies de propagation possibles pour des signaux électromagnétiques arrivant par ladite portion de ligne d'entrée audit point d'embranchement, chaque portion de ligne de sortie comprenant un composant électronique à deux états, formant soit sensiblement un circuit ouvert, soit sensiblement un court-circuit en fonction de l'application d'un signal de commande adéquat et se trouvant dans l'un des deux états précités en l'absence de signal de commande, ces deux composants électroniques identiques étant montés, chacun, en série dans ou en parallèle sur une des deux portions de lignes de sortie, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une structure dissymétrique, les deux voies de propagation se différenciant entre elles par leurs configurations et/ou par la parité de leurs longueurs électriques, exprimées en quarts de longueurs d'onde, entre lesdits composants et le point d'embranchement, de telle manière que, quel que soit l'état desdits composants, une des deux voies est passante et l'autre voie est bloquée pour lesdits signaux électromagnétiques.To this end, it relates to a switching device a lane towards two, comprising a portion of entry line and two portions of output lines connected to said portion of input line at a branch point and defining with said portion of entry line two possible propagation paths for electromagnetic signals arriving via said portion of entry line at said branch point, each output line portion comprising an electronic component to two states, forming either substantially an open circuit, or substantially a short circuit depending on application of an adequate control signal and being in one of the two aforementioned states in the absence of a signal control, these two identical electronic components being mounted, each, in series in or in parallel on one of the two portions of lines of outlet, device characterized in that it has an asymmetrical structure, the two propagation paths differentiating themselves by their configurations and / or parity of their electrical lengths, expressed in quarter wavelengths, between said components and the point branch line, in such a way that, whatever the state of the said components, one of the two channels is busy and the other channel is blocked for said electromagnetic signals.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :

  • La figure 4 est une représentation fonctionnelle d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de commutation deux voies vers une selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 5 est une représentation fonctionnelle d'un second mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, et,
  • La figure 6 est une représentation fonctionnelle simplifiée d'un système à redondance en deux pour un comprenant au moins un dispositif selon l'invention.
    • The invention will be better understood from the following description, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 4 is a functional representation of a first embodiment of a two-way to one switching device according to the invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a functional representation of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, and,
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified functional representation of a redundancy system in two for one comprising at least one device according to the invention.

    • Les figures 4 et 5 montrent un dispositif 5 de commutation une voie vers deux, comprenant une portion de ligne d'entrée 1 et deux portions de lignes de sortie 2 et 3 reliées à ladite portion de ligne d'entrée 1 au niveau d'un point d'embranchement A et définissant avec ladite portion de ligne d'entrée 1 deux voies de propagation possibles 1 - 2 et 1 - 3 pour des signaux électromagnétiques arrivant par ladite portion de ligne d'entrée 1 audit point d'embranchement A, chaque portion de ligne de sortie 2 et 3 comprenant un composant électronique 4 et 4' à deux états, formant soit sensiblement un circuit ouvert, soit sensiblement un court-circuit en fonction de l'application d'un signal de commande adéquat et se trouvant dans l'un des deux états précités en l'absence de signal de commande, ces deux composants électroniques identiques 4 et 4' étant montés, chacun, en série dans ou en parallèle sur une des deux portions de lignes de sortie 2 et 3.Figures 4 and 5 show a switching device 5 a route to two, comprising a portion of input line 1 and two portions of output lines 2 and 3 connected to said portion of input line 1 to the level of a branch point A and defining with said portion of input line 1 two possible propagation paths 1 - 2 and 1 - 3 for electromagnetic signals arriving through said portion of input line 1 at said branch point A, each portion of outlet line 2 and 3 comprising an electronic component 4 and 4 'with two states, forming either substantially an open circuit, i.e. substantially a short circuit in depending on the application of a suitable control signal which is in one of the two aforementioned states in the absence of a control signal, these two identical electronic components 4 and 4 'being mounted, each in series in or in parallel on one of the two portions of output lines 2 and 3.

    Conformément à l'invention, le dispositif de commutation 5 sans point de panne unique présente une structure dissymétrique, les deux voies de propagation (1-2 et 1-3) se différenciant entre elles par leurs configurations et/ou par la parité de leurs longueurs électriques, exprimées en quarts de longueurs d'onde, entre lesdits composants 4, 4' et le point d'embranchement A, de telle manière que, quel que soit l'état desdits composants, une des deux voies est passante et l'autre voie est bloquée pour lesdits signaux électromagnétiques.According to the invention, the switching device 5 without single point of failure has an asymmetrical structure, both propagation paths (1-2 and 1-3) differentiating between them by their configurations and / or parity of their electrical lengths, expressed in quarter wavelengths, between said components 4, 4 'and the point branch line A, so that, whatever the state of the said components, one of the two channels is busy and the other channel is blocked for said electromagnetic signals.

    Ainsi, en fournissant un dispositif de commutation 5 dissymétrique, il est possible de s'affranchir du cas de panne en l'absence d'alimentation ou de signal de commande pour les composants électroniques 4 et 4' formant interrupteurs à deux états (bloquant/passant), ledit dispositif 5 ne constituant pas de ce fait un point de panne unique.So by providing a switching device 5 asymmetrical, it is possible to overcome the case of failure in the absence supply or control signal for components electronic 4 and 4 'forming two-state switches (blocking / passing), said device 5 therefore not constituting a single point of failure.

    Les deux composants électroniques identiques 4 et 4' forment chacun, en l'absence de signal de commande, idéalement un court-circuit (impédance nulle ou quasi-nulle) ou un circuit ouvert (impédance élevée) et sont commandés par le même signal de commande qui les force simultanément dans l'un des deux états précités.The two identical electronic components 4 and 4 'form each, in the absence of a control signal, ideally a short circuit (zero or almost zero impedance) or an open circuit (high impedance) and are controlled by the same control signal which forces them simultaneously in one of the two aforementioned states.

    Du fait des dispositions précitées, des configurations différentes des deux voies de propagation (montage en série ou un parallèle des composants 4 et 4') et de la prévision de longueurs électriques déterminées jusqu'aux composants 4 et 4' au niveau de chacune des voies, il est possible de disposer systématiquement au point d'embranchement A d'une voie adaptée autorisant la transmission et d'une voie formant circuit ouvert et bloquant la transmission.Due to the above provisions, different configurations two propagation paths (series or parallel mounting of components 4 and 4 ') and the prediction of determined electrical lengths up to components 4 and 4 'at each channel, it is possible systematically have at a branch point A a track adapted authorizing the transmission and a channel forming an open circuit and blocking transmission.

    Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, et comme le montre la figure 4 des dessins annexés, l'un des composants électroniques 4, 4' est monté en série dans l'une des deux portions de lignes de sortie 2, 3 et l'autre composant électronique 4, 4' est monté en parallèle sur l'autre partie de ligne de sortie 3, 2, les conditions suivantes étant, en outre, vérifiées :

    • LAB : multiple entier de la demi longueur d'onde ;
    • LAC : multiple entier impair du quart de longueur d'onde ;
    • LCD : multiple entier de la demi longueur d'onde ;
      avec :
      • LXY : distance électrique entre les points X et Y ;
      • A : point d'embranchement portion de ligne d'entrée (1)/portions de lignes de sortie 2, 3 ;
      • B : point d'entrée du composant 4 monté en série ;
      • C : point d'embranchement portion de ligne de sortie 3/portion de ligne dérivée 7 au niveau de la portion de ligne 3 comportant le composant 4 monté en parallèle ;
      • D : point d'entrée du composant 4' monté en parallèle.
    According to a first embodiment of the invention, and as shown in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings, one of the electronic components 4, 4 'is mounted in series in one of the two portions of output lines 2, 3 and the other electronic component 4, 4 ′ is mounted in parallel on the other part of the output line 3, 2, the following conditions being moreover satisfied:
    • L AB : integer multiple of the half wavelength;
    • L AC : odd integer multiple of a quarter wavelength;
    • L CD : integer multiple of the half wavelength;
      with:
      • L XY : electrical distance between points X and Y;
      • A: branch point of inlet line portion (1) / outlet line portions 2, 3;
      • B: entry point of component 4 connected in series;
      • C: branch point of outlet line portion 3 / branch portion of branch line 7 at the portion of line 3 comprising the component 4 mounted in parallel;
      • D: component entry point 4 'mounted in parallel.

    Dans ce cas, lorsque les composants électroniques 4 et 4' forment un circuit ou un interrupteur ouvert en l'absence de commande, le composant 4 de la voie 1 - 2 présente une impédance infinie (circuit ouvert), en pratique très grande, et l'impédance de la voie 1 - 2, vue depuis l'embranchement A, est un circuit ouvert.In this case, when the electronic components 4 and 4 ' form an open circuit or switch in the absence of a command, the component 4 of channel 1 - 2 has infinite impedance (circuit open), in practice very large, and the impedance of channel 1 - 2, seen from branch line A is an open circuit.

    Le composant électronique 4' sur la voie 1 - 3 présente un circuit ouvert mais en configuration parallèle, de sorte qu'il est invisible depuis le point C. La voie 1 - 3 est donc passante, alors que la voie 1 - 2 est bloquée. The 4 'electronic component on channel 1 - 3 has a open circuit but in parallel configuration, so that it is invisible from point C. Channel 1 - 3 is therefore busy, while channel 1 - 2 is blocked.

    En cas de panne sur la voie 1 - 3, les composants 4 et 4' sont basculés par une commande adaptée à l'état de court-circuit (impédance très faible). La voie 1 - 2 devient alors passante. Sur la voie 1 - 3, le court-circuit au point D provoque un court-circuit au point C et donc un circuit ouvert au point A (inversion d'impédance). La voie 1 - 3 est alors bloquée.In the event of a failure on track 1 - 3, components 4 and 4 'are switched by a command adapted to the short-circuit state (very impedance low). Channel 1 - 2 then becomes busy. On track 1 - 3, the short circuit at point D causes a short circuit at point C and therefore a circuit open at point A (inversion of impedance). Channel 1 - 3 is then blocked.

    Lorsque, dans le cas de la figure 4, les composants électroniques 4 et 4' présentent une impédance nulle (c'est-à-dire forment des courts-circuits) en l'absence de commande, il résulte de l'étude précédente que la voie 1 - 2 est naturellement passante et la voie 1- 3 naturellement bloquée.When, in the case of FIG. 4, the components electronics 4 and 4 'have zero impedance (i.e. form short circuits) in the absence of an order, it results from the study previous that channel 1 - 2 is naturally on and channel 1- 3 naturally blocked.

    Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté à la figure 5 des dessins annexés, les deux composants 4 et 4' sont montés en parallèle sur les deux portions de lignes de sortie 2 et 3, les conditions suivantes étant vérifiées :

    • LAB : multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde ;
    • LAC : multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde ;
    • LCD : multiple entier de la demi longueur d'onde ;
    • LBE : multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde ;
      avec :
      • LXY : distance électrique entre les points X et Y ;
      • A : point d'embranchement portion de ligne d'entrée 1/portions de lignes de sortie 2, 3 ;
      • B et C : points d'embranchement portions de lignes de sortie 2, 3/portions de lignes dérivées 7, 7' respectives ;
      • E et D : points d'entrée des composants 4 et 4' montés en parallèle.
    According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings, the two components 4 and 4 ′ are mounted in parallel on the two portions of output lines 2 and 3, the following conditions being satisfied:
    • L AB : odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength;
    • L AC : odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength;
    • L CD : integer multiple of the half wavelength;
    • L BE : odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength;
      with:
      • L XY : electrical distance between points X and Y;
      • A: branch point of inlet line portion 1 / outlet line portions 2, 3;
      • B and C: branch points of output line portions 2, 3 / portions of derived lines 7, 7 'respectively;
      • E and D: entry points of components 4 and 4 'connected in parallel.

    En partant du fonctionnement du second mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, l'homme du métier comprendra que, quel que soit l'état (passant/bloqué) des composants 4 et 4' en l'absence de signal de commande, l'une des voies 1 - 2 et 1 - 3 est naturellement passante ou adaptée et l'autre est naturellement bloquée.Starting from the operation of the second embodiment described above, the person skilled in the art will understand that, whatever the state (passing / blocked) of components 4 and 4 'in the absence of a signal command, one of channels 1 - 2 and 1 - 3 is naturally on or adapted and the other is naturally blocked.

    Préférentiellement, les composants électroniques 4 et 4' sont choisis dans le groupe formé par les composants à état solide (diodes, transistors, interrupteurs microélectroniques ou analogues) et les composants micro-usinés. Preferably, the electronic components 4 and 4 'are chosen from the group formed by solid state components (diodes, transistors, microelectronic switches or the like) and micro-machined components.

    L'invention a également pour objet, comme le montre la figure 6, un système à structure de redondance du type 2 pour 1 comprenant deux branches parallèles fonctionnelles identiques.The subject of the invention is also, as shown in the figure 6, a type 2 for 1 redundancy system comprising two identical functional parallel branches.

    Ce système est caractérisé en ce que la transmission sélective des signaux électromagnétiques vers l'une des deux branches 6 et 6' est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commutation 5 tel que décrit ci-dessus, chaque portion de ligne de sortie 2, 3 dudit dispositif 5 étant reliée à l'entrée de l'une des deux branches 6 et 6' dudit système.This system is characterized in that the selective transmission electromagnetic signals to one of the two branches 6 and 6 'east produced by means of a switching device 5 as described above, each portion of output line 2, 3 of said device 5 being connected to the input of one of the two branches 6 and 6 'of said system.

    Selon une caractéristique additionnelle de l'invention, les sorties des deux branches 6 et 6' sont reliées aux portions de lignes de sortie 2 et 3 d'un dispositif de commutation 5 du type précité monté en inverse, de manière à former un dispositif de commutation deux voies vers une.According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the outputs of the two branches 6 and 6 'are connected to the portions of output lines 2 and 3 of a switching device 5 of the aforementioned type mounted in reverse, of so as to form a two-way to one switching device.

    Dans la présente, le terme "ligne" doit être compris comme couvrant tout support susceptible de transporter des signaux électromagnétiques et notamment comme concernant des lignes sous forme de conducteurs filaires, en rubans, en pistes, en guides d'ondes, etc.As used herein, the term "line" should be understood as covering any medium capable of carrying signals electromagnetic and in particular as concerning lines in the form of wire conductors, in ribbons, in tracks, in waveguides, etc.

    Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the modes of realization described and represented in the attached drawings. Modifications remain possible, especially from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without leaving for as much of the scope of protection of the invention.

    Claims (8)

    Dispositif de commutation une voie vers deux, comprenant une portion de ligne d'entrée et deux portions de lignes de sortie reliées à ladite portion de ligne d'entrée au niveau d'un point d'embranchement et définissant avec ladite portion de ligne d'entrée deux voies de propagation possibles pour des signaux électromagnétiques arrivant par ladite portion de ligne d'entrée audit point d'embranchement, chaque portion de ligne de sortie comprenant un composant électronique à deux états, formant soit sensiblement un circuit ouvert, soit sensiblement un court-circuit en fonction de l'application d'un signal de commande adéquat et se trouvant dans l'un des deux états précités en l'absence de signal de commande, ces deux composants électroniques identiques étant montés, chacun, en série dans ou en parallèle sur une des deux portions de lignes de sortie, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une structure dissymétrique, les deux voies de propagation (1-2 et 1-3) se différenciant entre elles par leurs configurations et/ou par la parité de leurs longueurs électriques, exprimées en quarts de longueurs d'onde, entre lesdits composants (4, 4') et le point d'embranchement (A), de telle manière que, quel que soit l'état desdits composants, une des deux voies est passante et l'autre voie est bloquée pour lesdits signaux électromagnétiques.One-to-two channel switching device, comprising an input line portion and two output line portions connected to said input line portion at a branch point and defining with said line portion input two possible propagation paths for electromagnetic signals arriving by said portion of input line at said branch point, each portion of output line comprising a two-state electronic component, forming either substantially an open circuit or substantially a short -circuit according to the application of a suitable control signal and being in one of the two aforementioned states in the absence of a control signal, these two identical electronic components being mounted, each one, in series in or in parallel on one of the two portions of output lines, device characterized in that it has an asymmetrical structure, the two propagation paths (1-2 and 1-3) differentiating between them by their configurations and / or by the parity of their electrical lengths, expressed in quarter wavelengths, between said components (4, 4 ') and the branch point (A), so that , whatever the state of said components, one of the two channels is on and the other channel is blocked for said electromagnetic signals. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux composants (4 et 4') forment chacun un circuit ouvert en l'absence de signal de commande.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the two components (4 and 4 ') each form an open circuit in the absence of a control signal. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux composants (4 et 4') présentent une impédance nulle ou quasi-nulle en l'absence de signal de commande.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the two components (4 and 4 ') have a zero or almost zero impedance in the absence of a control signal. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'un des composants électroniques (4, 4') est monté en série dans l'une des deux portions de lignes de sortie (2, 3) et en ce que l'autre composant électronique (4, 4') est monté en parallèle sur l'autre partie de ligne de sortie (3, 2), les conditions suivantes étant, en outre, vérifiées : LAB : multiple entier de la demi longueur d'onde ; LAC : multiple entier impair du quart de longueur d'onde; LCD : multiple entier de la demi longueur d'onde ;
    avec : LXY : distance électrique entre les points X et Y ; A : point d'embranchement portion de ligne d'entrée (1)/portions de lignes de sortie (2, 3) ; B : point d'entrée du composant (4) monté en série ; C : point d'embranchement portion de ligne de sortie (3)/portion de ligne dérivée (7) au niveau de la portion de ligne (3) comportant le composant (4) monté en parallèle ; D : point d'entrée du composant (4') monté en parallèle.     Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one of the electronic components (4, 4 ') is mounted in series in one of the two portions of output lines (2, 3) and in that the other electronic component (4, 4 ') is mounted in parallel on the other output line part (3, 2), the following conditions being additionally satisfied: L AB : integer multiple of the half wavelength; L AC : odd integer multiple of a quarter wavelength; L CD : integer multiple of the half wavelength;
    with: L XY : electrical distance between points X and Y; A: branch point of inlet line portion (1) / outlet line portions (2, 3); B: entry point of the component (4) connected in series; C: branch point of outlet line portion (3) / branched line portion (7) at the level of the line portion (3) comprising the component (4) mounted in parallel; D: component entry point (4 ') mounted in parallel.     Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux composants (4 et 4') sont montés en parallèle sur les deux portions de lignes de sortie (2 et 3), les conditions suivantes étant vérifiées : LAB : multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde ; LAC: multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde ; LCD multiple entier de la demi longueur d'onde ; LBE : multiple entier impair du quart de la longueur d'onde ;
    avec : LXY : distance électrique entre les points X et Y ; A : point d'embranchement portion de ligne d'entrée (1)/portions de lignes de sortie (2, 3) ; B et C : points d'embranchement portions de lignes de sortie (2, 3)/portions de lignes dérivées (7, 7') respectives ; E et D : points d'entrée des composants (4 et 4') montés en parallèle.     Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two components (4 and 4 ') are mounted in parallel on the two portions of output lines (2 and 3), the following conditions being satisfied: L AB : odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength; L AC : odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength; L CD multiple whole of the half wavelength; L BE : odd integer multiple of a quarter of the wavelength;
    with: L XY : electrical distance between points X and Y; A: branch point of inlet line portion (1) / outlet line portions (2, 3); B and C: branch points of output line portions (2, 3) / derived line portions (7, 7 ') respectively; E and D: entry points of components (4 and 4 ') mounted in parallel.     Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les composants électroniques (4 et 4') sont choisis dans le groupe formé par les composants à état solide et les composants micro-usinés.Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electronic components (4 and 4 ') are chosen from the group formed by the solid state components and the micromachined components. Système à structure de redondance du type 2 pour 1 comprenant deux branches parallèles fonctionnelles identiques, caractérisé en ce que la transmission sélective des signaux électromagnétiques vers l'une des deux branches (6 et 6') est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commutation (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, chaque portion de ligne de sortie (2, 3) dudit dispositif (5) étant reliée à l'entrée de l'une des deux branches (6 et 6') dudit système.System with redundancy structure of type 2 for 1 comprising two identical functional parallel branches, characterized in that the selective transmission of the electromagnetic signals to one of the two branches (6 and 6 ') is carried out by means of a device switch (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, each portion of the output line (2, 3) of said device (5) being connected to the input of one of the two branches (6 and 6 ' ) of said system. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les sorties des deux branches (6 et 6') sont reliées aux portions de lignes de sortie (2 et 3) d'un dispositif de commutation (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 monté en inverse, de manière à former un dispositif de commutation deux voies vers une.System according to Claim 7, characterized in that the outputs of the two branches (6 and 6 ') are connected to the portions of output lines (2 and 3) of a switching device (5) according to any one of the claims 1 to 6 mounted in reverse, so as to form a two-way to one switching device.
    EP03293176A 2003-01-17 2003-12-16 Transmission path switching system 1 input / 2 outputs avoiding transmission failures in satellites systems Expired - Lifetime EP1439597B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR0300485A FR2850206B1 (en) 2003-01-17 2003-01-17 SWITCH DEVICE ONE TRACK TO TWO WITHOUT SINGLE BREAK POINT
    FR0300485 2003-01-17

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    EP1439597A1 true EP1439597A1 (en) 2004-07-21
    EP1439597B1 EP1439597B1 (en) 2006-09-13

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    US (1) US7068123B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1439597B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE339779T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE60308304T2 (en)
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    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US7177619B2 (en) * 2005-01-25 2007-02-13 International Business Machines Corporation Dual gate FinFET radio frequency switch and mixer
    WO2007041090A2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-12 Nektar Therapeutics Receptacles and kits, such as for dry powder packaging

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    EP1237222A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-04 TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (publ) Multiband transformation stage for a multiband r.f. switching device
    EP1258940A2 (en) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Multiband high-frequency switch

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    JPH0435501A (en) * 1990-05-31 1992-02-06 Fujitsu Ltd Switch circuit
    US5872491A (en) * 1996-11-27 1999-02-16 Kmw Usa, Inc. Switchable N-way power divider/combiner
    US5856713A (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-01-05 Raytheon Company N-way MMIC switch
    US5990580A (en) * 1998-03-05 1999-11-23 The Whitaker Corporation Single pole double throw switch

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    FR1548893A (en) * 1966-12-30 1968-12-06
    EP1237222A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-04 TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (publ) Multiband transformation stage for a multiband r.f. switching device
    EP1258940A2 (en) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Multiband high-frequency switch

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ATE339779T1 (en) 2006-10-15
    US20040150492A1 (en) 2004-08-05
    FR2850206A1 (en) 2004-07-23
    US7068123B2 (en) 2006-06-27
    EP1439597B1 (en) 2006-09-13
    DE60308304T2 (en) 2007-04-05
    FR2850206B1 (en) 2005-05-20
    DE60308304D1 (en) 2006-10-26

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