EP1424214B1 - Process and device for smoothing and compressing of the surface of pencils or the like - Google Patents
Process and device for smoothing and compressing of the surface of pencils or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1424214B1 EP1424214B1 EP03018894A EP03018894A EP1424214B1 EP 1424214 B1 EP1424214 B1 EP 1424214B1 EP 03018894 A EP03018894 A EP 03018894A EP 03018894 A EP03018894 A EP 03018894A EP 1424214 B1 EP1424214 B1 EP 1424214B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sonotrode
- pencils
- holes
- ultrasound
- smoothing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000722676 Calocedrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000896 Dyera costulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218982 Populus nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218638 Thuja plicata Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007313 Tilia cordata Species 0.000 description 1
- RRLHMJHRFMHVNM-BQVXCWBNSA-N [(2s,3r,6r)-6-[5-[5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxypentoxy]-2-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2h-pyran-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C1=C[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1OCCCCCOC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 RRLHMJHRFMHVNM-BQVXCWBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003499 redwood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
- B24B19/24—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground of wood, e.g. furniture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K19/00—Non-propelling pencils; Styles; Crayons; Chalks
- B43K19/16—Making non-propelling pencils
Definitions
- the invention relates to the fine machining of surfaces of wood and wood-based materials, especially rod-shaped elements and especially of pencils.
- Wood species such as redwood, jelutong or Cedar species (Incense cedar, Western red cedar) use that are characterized by good Distinguishing characteristics and therefore the after shaping Milling by milling a sufficiently clean and well-prepared for painting have fiber and tear-free surface.
- Wood species are becoming increasingly inexpensive and abundant native exchange wood species such as poplar species (eg black poplar, aspen), Willow, alder and pine used for pencil production. Own some wood species due to their more or less pronounced share of draft wood - Others by typical fiber deviations - the disadvantage that they more or are less workable and that resulting from the form-fitting Milling roughening unavoidable. These disturb the following Paint significantly and require increased paint or lead to committee.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. It is intended in particular a development for smoothing and compacting the Surface of pencils are proposed, which makes it possible to sustain stronger smoothness effect and from this a reduction of expenses for to achieve final treatment of the pens (painting) with high productivity.
- a method for smoothing and compacting the Surface of pencils provided in the high-power ultrasound in shape an interface friction acts on all sides on the surface of the workpieces.
- the interfacial friction is created by the workpieces being bumped be promoted by a sonotrode.
- the transport through the sonotrode takes place after machining the pencil blanks and before coating with varnish and / or foils.
- the power input is 0.1 to 0.5 Ws / mm 2 .
- the speed with which the pencils are pushed through the sonotrode is also constant; the value for this ranges from 20 to 200 mm / s.
- the shape of the cross section of the bushings corresponds with a small tolerance to the cross section of the pencils, namely ⁇ 0.01 mm 2 .
- the sonotrode has a plurality of feedthroughs arranged longitudinally and parallel to each other with respect to the vibration direction of the ultrasound. To ensure a lasting smoothness effect, however, their number is limited to 20.
- Both the sonotrode and the bushings preferably have a circular cross-section, wherein the outer diameter of the sonotrode (depending on the number of feedthroughs) between 40 and 120 mm and the lengths of the bushings (corresponding to the thickness of the sonotrode) between 40 and 300 mm.
- Fig. 1 shows this in a schematic representation of the device according to the invention.
- the device consists - as already described above - from the sonotrode. 2 with the bushings 5, the transport unit 3 including the plunger. 4 and the ultrasonic generator 1.
- a feed device is a roller bearing Sled, which is moved by a pneumatic cylinder.
- the cut to length Pencil blanks are positioned on a prism and by a driver on the slide for implementation (hole) 5 in the sonotrode 2 moves.
- On the inner surface of the bore of the sonotrode arises as a result of Surface friction of the smoothness effect, so that on the opposite side of the sonotrode emerging pins are smoothed.
- the cycle time depends on the positioning the round bars in the prism and is usually 5 s, with about 1 s is required as time for the puncture.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Feinbearbeitung von Oberflächen aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen, namentlich stabförmiger Elemente und hier besonders von Bleistiften.The invention relates to the fine machining of surfaces of wood and wood-based materials, especially rod-shaped elements and especially of pencils.
Die Feinbearbeitung von Oberflächen aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen, die einer Endbehandlung - üblicherweise durch Lackierung, vielfach aber auch in Form von Folienbeschichtung - unterzogen werden sollen, erfolgt bislang bevorzugt durch Schleifen. Ebene Flächen können mittels Walzen- oder Breitbundschleifmaschinen, bei denen der Schleifdruck mit Unterstützung elektronisch gesteuerter Gliederdruckbalken geregelt wird, vergleichsweise wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden. Dagegen ist die Oberflächenvergütung gefräster Profile nach wie vor problematisch, da besonders hier neben der nicht befriedigenden Ökonomie (hohe Schleifmittelkosten, kurze Standzeiten) die Probleme der nachhaltigen gesundheitlichen Gefährdung infolge von Stäuben (und die daraus resultierenden erheblichen Aufwendungen für leistungsstarke Absauganlagen) hinzukommen.The finishing of surfaces made of wood and wood materials, the one Final treatment - usually by painting, but often also in form of film coating - to be subjected, is done so far preferred by grinding. Flat surfaces can be removed by means of roll or broadband grinding machines, where the grinding pressure with support electronically controlled Element pressure bar is regulated to be produced comparatively economically. In contrast, the surface finish of milled profiles is still problematic, especially here in addition to the unsatisfactory economy (high Abrasives costs, short lives) the problems of sustainable health Danger due to dusts (and the resulting considerable Expenses for powerful extraction systems) are added.
Zur Herstellung von Holzbleistiften finden Holzarten wie Redwood, Jelutong oder Zedernarten (Incense cedar, Western red cedar) Verwendung, die sich durch gute Spanungseigenschaften auszeichnen und die deshalb nach der formgebenden Spanung durch Fräsen eine hinreichend saubere und zur Lackierung gut vorbereitete faser- und ausrißfreie Oberfläche aufweisen.Wood species such as redwood, jelutong or Cedar species (Incense cedar, Western red cedar) use that are characterized by good Distinguishing characteristics and therefore the after shaping Milling by milling a sufficiently clean and well-prepared for painting have fiber and tear-free surface.
Infolge von Verknappung und Verteuerung des Aufkommens der bisher eingesetzten Holzarten werden zunehmend kostengünstige und reichlich verfügbare einheimische Austauschholzarten wie Pappelarten (z. B. Schwarzpappel, Aspe), Weide, Erle und Kiefer für die Bleistiftproduktion eingesetzt. Einige Holzarten besitzen aufgrund ihres mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprägten Anteils an Zugholz - andere durch typische Faserabweichungen - den Nachteil, daß sie mehr oder weniger gut bearbeitbar sind und daß daraus folgend bei der formgebundenen Fräsbearbeitung Aufrauhungen unvermeidbar sind. Diese stören die folgende Lackierung erheblich und erfordern einen erhöhten Lackierungsaufwand oder führen zu Ausschuß.As a result of scarcity and price increase of the advent of the previously used Wood species are becoming increasingly inexpensive and abundant native exchange wood species such as poplar species (eg black poplar, aspen), Willow, alder and pine used for pencil production. Own some wood species due to their more or less pronounced share of draft wood - Others by typical fiber deviations - the disadvantage that they more or are less workable and that resulting from the form-fitting Milling roughening unavoidable. These disturb the following Paint significantly and require increased paint or lead to committee.
Um eine ausreichend glatte, saubere Oberfläche der Bleistiftrohlinge zu erreichen, ist infolge dessen deren Feinbearbeitung unumgänglich. Hierfür sind vielfältige Schleifvorrichtungen bekannt, so z. B. aus DE 298 08 146 eine problemlos in den üblichen Produktionsablauf integrierbare Vorrichtung, die sich durch eine vergleichsweise hohe Produktivität auszeichnet. Obgleich durch das Schleifen der gefrästen Flächen der ansonsten notwendige Lackauftrag wesentlich gemindert werden kann, bleibt das Problem, daß das Schleifwerkzeug zwar die Mehrzahl der Holzfasern abschneidet, zum Teil aber die Fasern nur andrückt und diese sich nach dem Kontakt mit flüssigen Beschichtungen wieder aufrichten. Die Folge ist, daß die geschliffenen Flächen erhöhten Anforderungen an nachfolgende Oberflächenveredelungen durch Lack und/oder Folien oft nicht genügen.To achieve a sufficiently smooth, clean surface of the pencil blanks, As a result, their fine machining is unavoidable. For this are manifold Grinding devices known, such. B. from DE 298 08 146 a problem in the usual production process integrable device, characterized by a comparatively high productivity. Although by grinding the Milled surfaces of the otherwise necessary paint job significantly reduced can be, the problem remains that the grinding tool, although the majority cut off the wood fibers, but in part only presses the fibers and these themselves Raise again after contact with liquid coatings. The result is, that the ground surfaces increased demands on subsequent surface finishing often not enough by lacquer and / or foils.
Es liegt daher nahe, die seit geraumer Zeit bekannten Verfahren der spanlosen Vergütung von Profiloberflächen zu nutzen. Thermoglättverfahren (vgl. z. B. DD 292 412) nutzen den Effekt, daß sich die Holzfasern unter mechanischem Druck und Einwirkung von Wärme plastisch verformen, wogegen die Vorschläge, den Glätteffekt mittels Ultraschall zu erreichen (siehe DE 196 53 317), die erforderliche Wärme durch die Schwingung eines ultraschallerregten Glättwerkzeuges im Kontaktbereich von Werkstück und Glättwerkzeug realisieren.It is therefore obvious, the well-known for some time process of non-cutting Use of remuneration of profile surfaces. Thermo-glazing process (see, for example, DD 292 412) use the effect that the wood fibers are under mechanical pressure and plastically deform the action of heat, whereas the proposals, the To achieve smoothness effect by means of ultrasound (see DE 196 53 317), the required Heat from the vibration of an ultrasonically excited smoothing tool in the Realize contact area of workpiece and smoothing tool.
Für Glättprozesse an Holz und Holzwerkstoffen, die auf der Wärmeentstehung durch Friktion (Reibungswärme) oder elektrische Energie (Beheizung) basieren, existieren labortechnisch erprobte Lösungsansätze. Das Erhitzen der Glättwerkzeuge auf Oberflächentemperaturen von 300...400°C stellt jedoch hohe Anforderungen an Werkzeugmaterial und Werkzeugspanung. Außerdem muß durch geeignete Konstruktion die Ableitung großer Wärmemengen in Führungselemente und Baugruppen der Bearbeitungsmaschine verhindert werden. Zusätzlich sind geeignete Maßnahmen zur Brandverhütung vorzusehen, da sich im industriellen Umfeld der Holzbearbeitung Stäube aus den spanenden Bearbeitungsprozessen unkontrolliert ablagern und praktisch nicht vollständig erfaßt werden können. Mit dem in DE 102 22 993 vorgestellten Werkzeug liegt eine für weite Anwendungsfälle geeignete Problemlösung vor, die jedoch den speziellen Anforderungen, namentlich hinsichtlich der Produktivität und sicheren Reproduzierbarkeit, einer Bleistiftfertigung systemimmanent nicht entsprechen kann.For smoothing processes on wood and wood based on heat generation by friction (friction heat) or electrical energy (heating), exist laboratory-technically proven solutions. Heating the smoothing tools on surface temperatures of 300 ... 400 ° C, however, high demands on tool material and tool chipping. In addition, must by suitable Construction the dissipation of large amounts of heat in guide elements and assemblies of the processing machine can be prevented. In addition are to provide appropriate fire prevention measures, since in the industrial Environment of woodworking Dusts from the machining processes Deposited uncontrollably and practically can not be fully recorded. With the presented in DE 102 22 993 tool is one for wide applications appropriate problem-solving before, however, the special requirements, namely in terms of productivity and safe reproducibility, one Pencil production systemically can not correspond.
Auch die aus DE 198 47 178 bekannte Vorrichtung zum Glätten von Oberflächen an Werkstücken aus Holz, die mit einem schneidenlosen ultraschallerregten Glättwerkzeug arbeitet, löst dies nicht. Obgleich angeregt wird, eine solche Vorrichtung, die sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch auszeichnet, daß die Schwingungsrichtung des Glättwerkzeuges an der Kontaktstelle mit der Flächennormalen jedes Profilabschnittes des Werkstücks einen Winkel zwischen 45° und 90° bildet, auch für stabförmige Werkstücke zu nutzen, liegt keine für das anforderungsgerechte Glätten und Verdichten der Oberfläche von Bleistiften nacharbeitbare Lösung vor. Vor allem ist nicht aufgezeigt, wie der versprochene Erfolg reproduzierbar erreicht werden soll.Also known from DE 198 47 178 device for smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood, which are equipped with a cuttingless ultrasonically excited Smoothing tool works, this does not solve. Although it is suggested that such a device, which according to the invention is characterized in that the direction of vibration of the smoothing tool at the contact point with the surface normal each Profile section of the workpiece forms an angle between 45 ° and 90 °, even for rod-shaped workpieces to use, there is no for the requirement Smoothing and compacting the surface of pencils reworkable solution in front. Above all, it is not shown how the promised success is reproducible should be achieved.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu beseitigen. Es soll insbesondere eine Entwicklung zum Glätten und Verdichten der Oberfläche von Bleistiften vorgeschlagen werden, die es ermöglicht, einen nachhaltig stärkeren Glätteffekt und daraus eine Reduzierung der Aufwendungen für die Endbehandlung der Stifte (Lackierung) bei hoher Produktivität zu erreichen.The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. It is intended in particular a development for smoothing and compacting the Surface of pencils are proposed, which makes it possible to sustain stronger smoothness effect and from this a reduction of expenses for to achieve final treatment of the pens (painting) with high productivity.
Diese Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 4
gelöst; zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen
der Ansprüche 2 und 3 sowie 5 bis 9.This object of the invention is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 4
solved; expedient embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features
of
Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Glätten und Verdichten der Oberfläche von Bleistiften vorgesehen, bei dem Hochleistungs-Ultraschall in Form einer Grenzflächenreibung allseitig auf die Oberfläche der Werkstücke einwirkt. Die Grenzflächenreibung wird dadurch erzeugt, daß die Werkstücke Stoß an Stoß durch eine Sonotrode gefördert werden. Der Transport durch die Sonotrode erfolgt nach der spanenden Bearbeitung der Bleistiftrohlinge und vor der Beschichtung mit Lack und/oder Folien.According to the invention, a method for smoothing and compacting the Surface of pencils provided in the high-power ultrasound in shape an interface friction acts on all sides on the surface of the workpieces. The interfacial friction is created by the workpieces being bumped be promoted by a sonotrode. The transport through the sonotrode takes place after machining the pencil blanks and before coating with varnish and / or foils.
Zur Erzeugung der Grenzflächenreibung wird mit konstanten Frequenzen im Bereich von 1 6 bis 30 kHz und konstanten Leistungen von minimal 500 W gearbeitet, wobei der Leistungseintrag 0,1 bis 0,5 Ws/mm2 beträgt. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Bleistifte Stoß an Stoß durch die Sonotrode geschoben werden, ist gleichfalls konstant; der Wert hierfür bewegt sich im Bereich von 20 bis 200 mm/s.To generate the boundary surface friction is carried out with constant frequencies in the range of 1 6 to 30 kHz and constant power of at least 500 W, the power input is 0.1 to 0.5 Ws / mm 2 . The speed with which the pencils are pushed through the sonotrode is also constant; the value for this ranges from 20 to 200 mm / s.
Die Form des Querschnittes der Durchführungen entspricht mit geringer Toleranz dem Querschnitt der Bleistifte, nämlich ±0.01 mm2. Vorzugsweise weist die Sonotrode zur Gewährleistung einer hohen Produktivität eine Vielzahl von Durchführungen, die zur Schwingungsrichtung des Ultraschalls längs und zueinander parallel angeordnet sind, auf. Zur Sicherung eines nachhaltigen Glätteffektes ist ihre Anzahl aber auf 20 beschränkt. Sowohl die Sonotrode als auch die Durchführungen weisen bevorzugt einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf, wobei die Außendurchmesser der Sonotrode (je nach Anzahl der Durchführungen) zwischen 40 und 120 mm und die Längen der Durchführungen (entspricht der Dicke der Sonotrode) zwischen 40 und 300 mm liegen.The shape of the cross section of the bushings corresponds with a small tolerance to the cross section of the pencils, namely ± 0.01 mm 2 . Preferably, to ensure high productivity, the sonotrode has a plurality of feedthroughs arranged longitudinally and parallel to each other with respect to the vibration direction of the ultrasound. To ensure a lasting smoothness effect, however, their number is limited to 20. Both the sonotrode and the bushings preferably have a circular cross-section, wherein the outer diameter of the sonotrode (depending on the number of feedthroughs) between 40 and 120 mm and the lengths of the bushings (corresponding to the thickness of the sonotrode) between 40 and 300 mm.
Mit den oben vorgestellten Verfahrensschritten und Verfahrensparametern ist es erstmals möglich, den physikalischen Effekt der Grenzflächenreibung industriell umzusetzen. Zudem gelang es überraschenderweise bei der Vergütung von Laubhölzern mit geringer Rohdichte (wie z. B. Erle, Pappel, Linde) eine mit Harthölzern vergleichbare Oberflächenhärte reproduzierbar zu erzielen. Die Aufwendungen für eine anschließende Oberflächenbeschichtung einschließlich deren Vorbehandlungsstufen werden aufgrund der höheren Ausgangsgüte deutlich geringer. Speziell bei der Bleistiftfertigung können die bislang üblichen komplizierten Profilschleifverfahren bei gleichzeitiger Minderung der Anzahl und Dicke der Beschichtung wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft ersetzt werden - und dies bei Substitution traditioneller Holzarten durch Weichholzsortimente. Des weiteren ist das Verfahren unkompliziert handhabbar und die dazugehörige Vorrichtung einfach aufgebaut; im Gegensatz zum Thermoglätten entfallen externe Regelvorgänge zur Temperierung der Glättwerkzeuge und das Brandrisiko.It is with the above presented process steps and process parameters possible for the first time, the physical effect of interface friction industrially implement. In addition, it surprisingly succeeded in the remuneration of Low-density hardwoods (such as alder, poplar, linden) with hardwoods comparable surface hardness to achieve reproducible. The expenses for a subsequent surface coating including their Pre-treatment stages are significantly lower due to the higher quality of output. Especially in pencil production, the usual complicated Profile grinding process while reducing the number and thickness of the coating be economically advantageous replaced - and this with substitution traditional wood species through softwood assortments. Furthermore, the procedure easy to handle and the associated device simply constructed; in contrast to thermo smoothing, external control processes are eliminated Temperature control of the smoothing tools and the fire risk.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels weiter dargestellt; Fig. 1 zeigt hierfür in schematischer Darstellung die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.The invention will be further illustrated by means of an embodiment; Fig. 1 shows this in a schematic representation of the device according to the invention.
Die Vorrichtung besteht - wie bereits ob en beschrieben - aus der Sonotrode 2
mit den Durchführungen 5, der Transporteinheit 3 einschließlich dem Stößel 4
sowie dem Ultraschall-Generator 1. Als Vorschubeinrichtung dient ein rollengelagerter
Schlitten, der durch einen Pneumatikzylinder bewegt wird. Die abgelängten
Bleistiftrohlinge werden auf einem Prisma positioniert und von einem Mitnehmer
am Schlitten zur Durchführung (Bohrung) 5 in der Sonotrode 2 bewegt.
Auf der inneren Mantelfläche der Bohrung der Sonotrode entsteht infolge der
Grenzflächenreibung der Glätteffekt, so daß die auf der Gegenseite der Sonotrode
austretenden Stifte geglättet sind.The device consists - as already described above - from the sonotrode. 2
with the
Zum Glätten wird das erste Rundstabelement vom Mitnehmer soweit in die Bohrung eingeführt, daß es etwa bündig mit der dem Schlitten zugewandten Seite der Sonotrode abschließt. Das vollständige Durchstoßen des ersten Stiftes wird mit dem dann folgenden Stift erreicht. Die Taktzeit ist abhängig von der Positionierung der Rundstabelemente im Prisma und beträgt meist 5 s, wobei etwa 1 s als Zeit für das Durchstoßen erforderlich ist. For smoothing the first round rod element from the driver as far into the hole introduced that it is approximately flush with the carriage side facing the sonotrode completes. The full piercing of the first pen will reached with the following pen. The cycle time depends on the positioning the round bars in the prism and is usually 5 s, with about 1 s is required as time for the puncture.
- 11
- Ultraschallgeneratorultrasonic generator
- 22
- Sonotrodesonotrode
- 33
- Transporteinheittransport unit
- 44
- pneumatischer Stößelpneumatic ram
- 55
- Durchführungen / Bohrungen in SonotrodeFeedthroughs / bores in Sonotrode
Claims (9)
- Method for the smoothing and compacting of the surface of pencils, integrated into the manufacturing process after the cutting of the pencil blanks and before the coating of the pencils with paints or films, wherein high-power ultrasound acts on the surface of the workpieces in the form of a boundary friction generated by transporting the workpieces through a sonotrode (2).
- Method according to Claim 1, wherein the process operates with constant frequencies in the range from 16 to 30 kHz and constant powers of minimum 500 W, the power input amounting to 0.1 to 0.5 Ws/mm2.
- Method according to Claims 1 and 2, wherein the pencils are moved through the sonotrode (2) end to end at a constant feedrate in the range from 20 to 200 mm/s.
- Fixture to realise the methods according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it incorporates an ultrasound unit, comprising an ultrasound generator (1) and a sonotrode (2) with apertures in the form of through-holes (5), as well as the corresponding control unit and a transport unit (3) which realises the transport of the pencils to the sonotrode (2), through the sonotrode (2) and away from the sonotrode (2).
- Fixture according to Claim 4, characterised in that the form of the cross-section of the through-holes (5) corresponds to the cross-section of the pencils with a tolerance of ±0.01 mm.
- Fixture according to Claim 5, characterised in that the sonotrode (2) possesses several through-holes (5), which are arranged parallel to each other lengthwise in the oscillating direction of the ultrasound.
- Fixture according to Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the sonotrode (2) possesses 1 to 20 through-holes (5).
- Fixture according to Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that both the sonotrode (2) and the through-holes (5) display a circular cross-section.
- Fixture according to Claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the outer diameter of the sonotrode (2) lies between 40 and 120 mm and the length of the through-holes (5) between 40 and 300 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10256125 | 2002-11-29 | ||
| DE10256125A DE10256125B4 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Method and apparatus for smoothing and compacting the surface of pencils or the like |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1424214A1 EP1424214A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| EP1424214B1 true EP1424214B1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
Family
ID=32240553
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03018894A Expired - Lifetime EP1424214B1 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2003-08-20 | Process and device for smoothing and compressing of the surface of pencils or the like |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1424214B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE313442T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10256125B4 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102729305A (en) * | 2012-07-22 | 2012-10-17 | 刘增武 | Device for treating surfaces of wooden-holder pencils |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104002587B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-02-08 | 苏州道众机械制造有限公司 | Three-position automated-assembly pencil production apparatus |
| CN103978810B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-05-18 | 苏州万图明电子软件有限公司 | A kind of for making three stations connection conveyer slideways of an equipment |
| CN110271324A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-24 | 周奕萌 | Chalk sleeve |
| CN110216759A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-10 | 苏州唐德机械有限公司 | A kind of boiling hot machine of double-station |
| CN111546177B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-07-06 | 河南职业技术学院 | Chalk end grinding device |
| DE102021128464A1 (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-04 | Faber-Castell Aktiengesellschaft | Grinding device for grinding both faces of a pin and method for grinding both faces of a pin |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4100324A (en) * | 1974-03-26 | 1978-07-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven fabric and method of producing same |
| DD292412A5 (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-08-01 | Veb Wtz Der Holzverarbeitenden Industrie,De | METHOD FOR PROCESSING WITH ORNAMENTALLY PROVIDED MOEBEL COMPONENTS |
| DE19653317C2 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1999-01-21 | Ima Montagetechnik Gmbh | Method and device for compacting and smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood or the like |
| DE29808146U1 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1998-08-27 | Ihd Inst Fuer Holztechnologie | Device for fine machining blanks for pencils or similar rod-shaped elements |
| SE9803091L (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 1999-07-19 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Ultrasonic assembly with annular working part which includes a flanged projection extending around the working part |
| DE19847178C2 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2003-05-22 | Ihd Inst Fuer Holztechnologie | Device for smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood and wood-based materials |
| DE10222993B3 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2004-01-29 | IHD Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH | Device for changing heated tools |
-
2002
- 2002-11-29 DE DE10256125A patent/DE10256125B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-20 DE DE50301980T patent/DE50301980D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-20 EP EP03018894A patent/EP1424214B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-20 AT AT03018894T patent/ATE313442T1/en active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102729305A (en) * | 2012-07-22 | 2012-10-17 | 刘增武 | Device for treating surfaces of wooden-holder pencils |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10256125A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
| ATE313442T1 (en) | 2006-01-15 |
| EP1424214A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| DE50301980D1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
| DE10256125B4 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
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