EP1423454A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan-weichschaumstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan-weichschaumstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1423454A1 EP1423454A1 EP02767218A EP02767218A EP1423454A1 EP 1423454 A1 EP1423454 A1 EP 1423454A1 EP 02767218 A EP02767218 A EP 02767218A EP 02767218 A EP02767218 A EP 02767218A EP 1423454 A1 EP1423454 A1 EP 1423454A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ppm
- compounds
- flexible polyurethane
- polyurethane foams
- catalysts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 cyanide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical class [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBBLRPRYYSJUCZ-GRHBHMESSA-L (z)-but-2-enedioate;dibutyltin(2+) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.CCCC[Sn+2]CCCC ZBBLRPRYYSJUCZ-GRHBHMESSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEEGPFGTMRWCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n'-tetramethylbutane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N(C)C)N(C)C GEEGPFGTMRWCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [acetyloxy(dioctyl)stannyl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)CCCCCCCC CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000559 atomic spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L diacetyloxytin Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Sn]OC(C)=O PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYBNTRWJKQJDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dodecanoate;tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O PYBNTRWJKQJDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCCCN(C)C TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037074 physically active Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
- C08G65/2663—Metal cyanide catalysts, i.e. DMC's
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4866—Polyethers having a low unsaturation value
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
- B01J27/26—Cyanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing flexible polyurethane foams by reacting polyisocyanates with polyether alcohols.
- polyurethanes has been known for a long time and has been described many times. It is usually carried out by reacting polyisocyanates with compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms reactive with isocyanate groups.
- Polyols in particular polyether alcohols and / or polyester alcohols, are mostly used as compounds with two hydrogen atoms reactive with isocyanate groups.
- the polyether alcohols are usually produced by catalytic addition of lower alkylene oxides, mostly ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, onto H-functional starter substances. Potassium hydroxide solution is mostly used as a catalyst in the technical production of polyether alcohols.
- high molecular weight polyether alcohols such as are required especially when used for flexible polyurethane foams, side reactions occur with the use of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, which lead to the formation of the so-called unsaturated constituents in the polyether alcohol.
- These unsaturated components in the polyether alcohol are undesirable because they reduce the functionality of the polyether alcohols and also lead to odor problems in the polyether alcohols.
- EP 759 450 (US Pat. No. 5,811,829) describes polyether alcohols produced by means of DMC catalysts and prepolymers prepared therefrom with a content of double metal cyanides in the range between 10 and 1000 ppm. These compounds should have better storage stability than those without this multimetal cyanide content. The use of these polyether alcohols and prepolymers for the production of flexible polyurethane foams is not described.
- the core discoloration is observed especially at low densities of less than 40 kg / m3 and in particular of 30 kg / m3 due to the increasing temperature in the production of flexible polyurethane foams, in particular block flexible foams. In the worst case, the soft foams can burn off.
- Non-ferrous metals include cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, tin and zinc. These metals and their soluble compounds are mostly highly toxic to the human organism.
- the object of the invention was to develop a process for the production of flexible polyurethane foams by reacting polyisocyanates with polyether alcohols which were produced by means of multimetal cyanide catalysts, in which no core discoloration occurs and which leads to foams and from which no heavy metal ions emerge can.
- Production of flexible polyurethane foams can be used without core discolouration or other decomposition reactions if these contain a content of multimetal cyanide compounds in the range between 0.1 to 1000 ppm, in particular 1 to 500 ppm, preferably 10 to 200 ppm on
- this corresponds to a cobalt content of 0.008 ppm to 80 ppm, preferably 0.8 ppm to 40 ppm and in particular 1.6 to 20 16 ppm and a zinc content of 0.02 ppm to 200 ppm, preferably 2 ppm to 100 ppm and in particular from 4 to 40 ppm, based on the standard polyether polyurethane flexible foam with a density of approx. 30 kg / m3.
- the invention relates to a method for producing flexible polyurethane foams by reacting
- a polyether alcohol which can be prepared by reacting alkylene oxides with H-functional starter substances in the presence of DMC catalysts and containing DMC catalysts in the range between 0 , 1 to 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the polyether alcohol, are used.
- the invention further relates to flexible polyurethane foams without core discoloration, which can be produced by the process according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to flexible polyurethane foams which have extractable heavy metals below the limits of the Oeko-Tex Standard 100 according to product classes 2 to 4 of:
- the extraction is carried out with a foam body with the dimensions 100 x 100 x 50 mm using artificial sweat according to DIN 53160-2.
- the welding simulant has a pH of 6.5 ⁇ 0.1.
- composition of the sweat simulant is as follows:
- Lactic acid (> 88% by mass) 1.0 g / 1
- the foam body is stored in approx. 500 ml of artificial sweat in a migration cell with a cover for 24 hours at 40 ° C. After storage, the foam body is separated from the migration solution, the migration solution in the foam being removed by dripping.
- the quantitative detection is determined using an atomic desoption spectrometer or inductively coupled plasma (ICP).
- the invention further relates to the use of the flexible polyurethane foams produced by the process according to the invention for the manufacture of mattresses and furniture.
- the multimetal cyanide compounds have no negative influence on the urethane formation reaction.
- polyether alcohols used for the process according to the invention with a content of multimetal cyanide compounds in the range from 0.1 to 1000 ppm are, as described above, prepared by catalytic addition of alkylene oxides onto H-functional starter substances, using multimetal cyanide compounds as catalysts.
- the multimetal cyanide compounds used to prepare the polyether alcohols used according to the invention are known. They mostly have the general formula (I)
- M 1 is a metal ion selected from the group containing Zn2 +, Fe2 +, Co3 +, Ni2 +, Mn2 +, Co2 +, Sn2 +, Pb2 +, Mo4 +, Mo6 +, A13 +, V4 +, V5 +, Sr2 +, W4 +, W6 +, Cr2 +, Cr3 +, Cd2 +, Hg2 + , Pd2 +, Pt2 +, V2 +, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Ba2 +, Cu2 +,
- M 2 is a metal ion selected from the group containing Fe2 +, Fe3 +, Co2 +, Co3 +, Mn2 +, Mn3 +, V4 +, V5 +, Cr2 +, Cr3 +, Rh3 +, Ru2 +, Ir3 +
- A is an anion selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanide, thiocyanate, isocyanate, cyanate, carboxylate, oxalate or nitrate,
- X is an anion selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanide, thiocyanate, isocyanate, cyanate, carboxylate, oxalate or nitrate,
- L is a water-miscible ligand selected from the group comprising alcohols aldehydes, ketones, ethers, polyether esters, ureas, amides, nitriles, lactones, lactams and sulfides,
- e represents the coordination number of the ligand or 0
- f represents a fractional or whole number greater than or equal to 0
- h represents a fractional or whole number greater than or equal to 0.
- These compounds are prepared by generally known processes, by combining the aqueous solution of a water-soluble metal salt with the aqueous solution of a hexacyanometallate compound, in particular a salt or an acid, also referred to below as educt solutions, and, if appropriate, during or after the combination gives a water soluble ligand.
- a hexacyanometallate compound in particular a salt or an acid, also referred to below as educt solutions
- Such catalysts and their preparation are described for example in EP 862,947 and DE 197,42,978.
- Multimetal cyanide compounds are particularly advantageous for use as catalysts, and the corresponding acids are used in their preparation as cyanometallate compounds.
- the multimetal cyanide compounds preferably have a crystalline structure. Their particle size is preferably in the range between 0.1 and 100 ⁇ m.
- a particular advantage of the crystalline DMC catalysts, in particular those which have been prepared using cyanometalic acids, is their higher catalytic activity.
- the polyether alcohols can be prepared using a smaller amount of catalyst. The amount used in this case mostly corresponds to the amount of multimetal cyanide compounds according to the invention in the finished polyether alcohol. The elaborate removal of the multimetal cyanide compounds from the polyether alcohol after production can thus be dispensed with.
- multimetal cyanide compounds are preferably used in the form of suspensions, the multimetal cyanide compounds being suspended in organic compounds, preferably alcohols.
- polyether alcohols used for the process according to the invention are produced, as stated, by adding alkylene oxides to H-functional starter substances using the catalysts described.
- alkylene oxides can be used as alkylene oxides, for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and mixtures of the compounds mentioned are used as alkylene oxides.
- H-functional compounds are used as starting substances.
- alcohols with a functionality of 1 to 8, preferably 2 to 8, are used.
- the starting substances used are, in particular, alcohols with a functionality of 2 to 4, in particular 2 and 3.
- examples are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol.
- alkylene oxides are added by means of DMC catalysts, it is advantageous to use their reaction products with alkylene oxides, in particular propylene oxide, together with or instead of the alcohols mentioned.
- Such compounds preferably have a molecular weight of up to 500 g / mol.
- the addition of the alkylene oxides in the production of these reaction products can take place with any catalysts, for example with basic catalysts.
- the polyether alcohols for the production of flexible polyurethane foams mostly have a hydroxyl number in the range between 20 and 100 mgKOH / g.
- the addition of the alkylene oxides in the production of the polyether alcohols used for the process according to the invention can be carried out by the known processes. It is possible that the polyether alcohols contain only one alkylene oxide. When using several alkylene oxides, a so-called blockwise addition, in which the alkylene oxides are added one after the other, or a so-called statistical addition, in which the alkylene oxides are metered in together, is possible. It is also possible to incorporate both block-by-block and statistical sections into the polyether chain in the production of the polyether alcohols.
- Polyether alcohols having a high content of secondary hydroxyl groups and a content of ethylene oxide units in the polyether chain of at most 30% by weight, based on the weight of the polyether alcohol are preferably used for the production of flexible polyurethane foams.
- These polyether alcohols preferably have a propylene oxide block at the chain end.
- polyether alcohols with a high content of primary hydroxyl groups and an ethylene oxide end block in an amount of ⁇ 20% by weight, based on the weight of the polyether alcohol are used for the production of flexible molded polyurethane foams.
- the alkylene oxides are preferably added under the conditions customary for this, at temperatures in the range from 60 to 180 ° C., preferably between 90 to 140 ° C., in particular between 100 to 130 ° C. and pressures in the range from 0 to 20 bar in the range from 0 to 10 bar and in particular in the range from 0 to 5 bar.
- the mixture of starter substance and DMC catalyst can be pretreated by stripping before the start of the alkoxylation according to the teaching of WO 98/52689.
- the polyether alcohol is worked up by customary processes in that the unreacted alkylene oxides and volatile constituents are removed, usually by distillation, steam or gas stripping and or other methods of deodorization. If necessary, filtration can also be carried out.
- the DMC catalyst content according to the invention in the polyether alcohol can, as stated, be adjusted in various ways. It is thus possible, before the start of the reaction, to use the amount of DMC catalyst which corresponds to the content of this compound in the end product according to the invention. If a higher amount of DMC catalyst is used in the production of the polyether alcohols, the excess fraction can be removed from the polyether alcohol after the reaction.
- the usual and known methods of cleaning the polyether alcohols are suitable for this, for example the filtration, which can be carried out as a deep filtration or by means of a membrane, or sedimentation, for example by means of centrifugation.
- the polyether alcohols thus produced are, as described, preferably used as starting materials for the process according to the invention for the production of flexible polyurethane foams.
- isocyanates with two or more isocyanate groups in the molecule are used as polyisocyanates.
- Both aliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or preferably aromatic isocyanates, such as tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanates (crude) can be used.
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- CAde polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanates
- isocyanates which have been modified by the incorporation of urethane, uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, uretonimine and other groups, so-called modified isocyanates.
- TDI is used in particular for the production of flexible flexible foams
- MDI and its higher homologues are preferably used in the production of molded foams.
- Polyols can preferably be used as compounds having at least two groups which are reactive with isocyanate groups and are used in a mixture with the polyether alcohols according to the invention.
- the polyether polyols and the polyester polyols are of the greatest technical importance.
- the polyether polyols used for the production of polyurethanes are mostly produced by base-catalyzed addition of alkylene oxides, in particular ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, onto H-functional starter substances.
- Polyester polyols are usually made by esterifying polyfunctional carboxylic acids with polyfunctional alcohols.
- the compounds with at least two groups reactive with isocyanate groups also include the chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents, which can optionally also be used. These are at least two-functional amines and / or alcohols with molecular weights in the range from 60 to 400.
- the blowing agents used are mostly water, at the reaction temperature of the urethane reaction gaseous compounds which are inert to the starting materials of the polyurethanes, so-called physically active blowing agents, and mixtures thereof.
- the most common physical blowing agents are hydro- Substances with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, halogenated hydrocarbons with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, ketones, acetals, ethers, inert gases such as carbon dioxide or noble gases are used.
- a catalysts and / or metal compounds, in particular heavy metal salts and / or organometallic compounds, are preferably used as catalysts.
- known tertiary amines and / or with organic metal compounds are used as catalysts.
- organic metal compounds e.g. Tin compounds in question, such as
- Tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids e.g. Tin (II) acetate, tin (I ⁇ ) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the dialkyltin (IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. Dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and dioctyltin diacetate.
- organic amines which are customary for this purpose are: triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N , N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-butanediamine, N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-hexane-1,6-diamine, dimethylcyclohexylamm.
- the catalysts described can be used individually or in the form of mixtures.
- Release agents, flame retardants, dyes, fillers and / or reinforcing agents are used as auxiliaries and / or additives.
- the polyurethanes can be produced by the so-called one-shot process or by the prepolymer process.
- the flexible polyurethane foams can be block foams as well as molded foams.
- the soft foams produced in the amount according to the invention in the presence of multimetal cyanide compounds in the polyether alcohols show a significantly improved curing behavior without crack formation compared to those which had a lower or higher content of multimetal cyanide compounds.
- the flexible polyurethane foams produced by the process according to the invention show no or only an extremely low exposure to heavy metals even when exposed to moisture.
- the metals are effectively fixed in the foam matrix.
- the polyether alcohols according to the invention can be processed to flexible polyurethane foams with a high open cell or high air permeability and a trouble-free foam structure without crack formation and core combustion.
- Example 2 Determination of the migration of cobalt from the foam material, according to Example 1
- Simulants / test migration agents Artificial sweat according to DIN 53160 Migration conditions: 24 h at 40 ° C; the two test specimens - are each stored in approx. 500 ml artificial sweat in a migration cell with a cover -. Determination method: After storage and cooling to room temperature, the test specimen and migration solution were separated, the migration solution in the foam body being removed by dripping. Cobalt was determined by atomic spectroscopy in the Migrat.
- the initial weight of the initial weight of the test specimens can be the maximum amount of extractable cobalt (Co) M ig rat i on, derived.
- the value is w (Co) M i gra ti on . ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ g / kg.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10137628A DE10137628A1 (de) | 2001-08-03 | 2001-08-03 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Weichschaumstoffen |
| DE10137628 | 2001-08-03 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/007887 WO2003014190A1 (de) | 2001-08-03 | 2002-07-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan-weichschaumstoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1423454A1 true EP1423454A1 (de) | 2004-06-02 |
Family
ID=7693953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02767218A Withdrawn EP1423454A1 (de) | 2001-08-03 | 2002-07-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan-weichschaumstoffen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040192801A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1423454A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10137628A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003014190A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE373685T1 (de) * | 2004-06-09 | 2007-10-15 | Shell Int Research | Verfahren zur herstellung von geruchsarmem polyetherpolyol |
| CN1329428C (zh) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-08-01 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种除去聚醚多元醇中微量c1-c7低碳组分的方法 |
| CN100591644C (zh) * | 2005-12-23 | 2010-02-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种高导热、高强高密的SiC/Cu复相泡沫材料及其制备方法 |
| CN100400473C (zh) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-07-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种高强高韧SiC/Al泡沫材料及其制备方法 |
| US10258953B2 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2019-04-16 | Covestro Llc | Systems and processes for producing polyether polyols |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5248833A (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1993-09-28 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for purifying polyols made with double metal cyanide catalysts |
| US5416241A (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-05-16 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Method for purifying polyether polyols made with double metal cyanide catalysts |
| US5482908A (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-01-09 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Highly active double metal cyanide catalysts |
| US5811829A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1998-09-22 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Viscosity stable isocyanate-terminated prepolymers and polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols having improved storage stability |
| US5767323A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-06-16 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for preparing polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols having low levels of transition metals through double metal cyanide complex polyoxyalkylation |
| US5958994A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1999-09-28 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Method for decreasing the propensity for phase-out of the high molecular weight component of double metal cyanide-catalyzed high secondary hydroxyl polyoxypropylene polyols |
| DE19709031A1 (de) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Doppelmetallcyanidkatalysatoren |
| US5844070A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-01 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for rapid activation of double metal cyanide catalysts |
| DE19742978A1 (de) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-04-01 | Basf Ag | Multimetallcyanidkomplexe als Katalysatoren |
| US6063309A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-05-16 | Arco Chemical Technology L.P. | Dispersion polyols for hypersoft polyurethane foam |
| DE19840585A1 (de) * | 1998-09-05 | 2000-03-09 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetherolen durch ringöffnende Polymerisation von Alkylenoxiden |
| DE19903274A1 (de) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-03 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
| US6613714B2 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2003-09-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Multimetal cyanide compounds, their preparation and their use |
| DE10008630A1 (de) * | 2000-02-24 | 2001-09-06 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen in Gegenwart eines Multimetallcyanidkomplex-Katalysators |
| DE10008635A1 (de) * | 2000-02-24 | 2001-09-06 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
-
2001
- 2001-08-03 DE DE10137628A patent/DE10137628A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-07-16 US US10/484,600 patent/US20040192801A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-16 EP EP02767218A patent/EP1423454A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-16 WO PCT/EP2002/007887 patent/WO2003014190A1/de not_active Ceased
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| Title |
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| None * |
| See also references of WO03014190A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003014190A1 (de) | 2003-02-20 |
| DE10137628A1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
| US20040192801A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
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