EP1418555A1 - Presence detecor and use thereof - Google Patents

Presence detecor and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1418555A1
EP1418555A1 EP04003170A EP04003170A EP1418555A1 EP 1418555 A1 EP1418555 A1 EP 1418555A1 EP 04003170 A EP04003170 A EP 04003170A EP 04003170 A EP04003170 A EP 04003170A EP 1418555 A1 EP1418555 A1 EP 1418555A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image sensor
room
sensor
presence detector
signals
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EP04003170A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1418555B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Abrach
Hansjürg Dr. Mahler
Martin Dr. Rechtsteiner
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Siemens Schweiz AG
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Siemens Building Technologies AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19697—Arrangements wherein non-video detectors generate an alarm themselves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a presence detector with a passive infrared sensor for detection the presence of people in a room and with one in the visible spectral range working and activated by the passive infrared sensor for the Taking pictures of the room in question.
  • EP-A-0 591 585 there is a remote monitoring device with a camera, a Passive infrared sensor, an infrared lamp and a monitoring unit having a radio transmitter described.
  • the passive infrared sensor switches the infrared lamp and the camera and triggers the transmission of those recorded by the camera Images to a central office, in which the images are evaluated.
  • the monitoring unit also contains an image processor, the function of which is that Prepare camera image for transmission.
  • this remote monitoring device is not a presence detector is suitable, since the automatic actuation / control of with the presence of people in a room related parameters expected becomes. And for such an automatic actuation / control, it is unreasonable that the Decision on the presence of people in the room in question in one of the Presence detectors remote and possibly even from this remote control center he follows.
  • the passive infrared sensor is equipped with a so-called pyro sensor and means for focusing the thermal radiation falling from the room to be monitored onto the pyro sensor and detects movements of the ambient temperature based on the signal of the pyro sensor distinguishing heat sources in the surveillance room (see for example EP-A-0 303 913).
  • Such passive infrared sensors are today in many versions and available at reasonable prices, but they can be dormant, for example people working on a PC, difficult to recognize or not at all, and are therefore for the use in presence detectors in offices is only suitable to a limited extent. It is also not possible, with the passive infrared sensors available on the market today the degree of occupancy of a room.
  • the invention is now intended to provide a presence detector which has the disadvantages mentioned does not have, and in particular detects even the smallest movements and the occupancy recognizes and thereby for the automatic actuation / control of with the Presence of people in a room related parameters used can be.
  • This task is solved with a presence detector of the type mentioned in the introduction in that a processor in the presence detector for local and combined processing and evaluation of the sensor signals is provided, in which a determination of movements in relevant data is given.
  • the local and combined processing of the sensor signals makes it a "high-end" presence detector receive the smallest movements and to control the room lighting and other parameters can be used.
  • a second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the image sensor is formed by a CMOS image sensor, preferably an active pixel sensor.
  • the image sensor captures the space to be monitored using image technology, digitizes the image, and stores it as a reference image in a memory.
  • image technology digitizes the image
  • stores it as a reference image in a memory.
  • the presence detector is active, the image sensor makes intervals of An image of the monitored room in a split second saves these images for one certain time and compares it with the reference image and / or with each other.
  • the invention further relates to a use of the presence detector mentioned for the needs-based Actuation and / or control of conditioning devices in a room.
  • Conditioning devices include devices for influencing the respective Ambient conditions prevailing in the room, such as room brightness or Indoor climate to understand. Not least because of the saving of energy for lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, a need to switch them off or throttling in empty rooms and after switching on or switching to normal operation, as soon as a person enters the room. Controlling according to need means above that In addition, the control of heating / ventilation / air conditioning based on the number in one People.
  • the signal from the passive infrared detector is preferably used to activate the image sensor and, if necessary, used to turn on the room lighting and the signals from both Sensors for controlling the heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning of the Space.
  • the presence detector shown in FIG. 1 essentially consists of an image sensor 1, a passive infrared sensor 2 and an evaluation electronics 3 connected to it Control of the sensors and for processing and evaluating the sensor signals.
  • the image sensor 1 is equipped with a brightness sensor 4 for measuring the ambient brightness, which is also connected to the evaluation electronics 3 and for example by a photodiode is formed.
  • the image sensor 1 can be designed to measure the ambient brightness by taking a measure of the brightness of the pixels in its field of vision the known integration time. This size can be, for example, the mean or a Histogram or the maximum value of the brightness of the pixels.
  • the presence detector is designed to detect the presence of people in a room and based on the result of this monitoring, the lighting of the room as well its heating / ventilation / air conditioning and, if necessary, other conditioning devices to control. Taxes are understood to mean both rules and switching on and off become.
  • the evaluation electronics contain the dual function of the presence detector an output 5 for regulating the lighting and an output 6 for regulating the heating / ventilation / air conditioning of the room in question.
  • the aim of such a control is to condition and illuminate the room to be designed so that maximum comfort is achieved with minimal energy consumption.
  • the means among other things, only to switch the room lighting on and on again leave when there are people in the room and the heating / ventilation / air conditioning of the To coordinate the presence or absence of people in the room, knowledge of the room occupancy is desirable for the latter.
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • CID charge injection device
  • CMOS image sensor a so-called APS [APS: Active Pixel Sensor] is used, which is characterized by a very low Power consumption and the ability to access individual pixels.
  • additional application-specific analog or digital Functions for example simple image processing algorithms such as filters or exposure control, can be easily integrated.
  • the image sensor 1 is directed towards the room to be monitored, detects it in terms of image technology, digitizes the image and stores it as a reference image in a memory. If the image sensor 1 forming APS consists of 256 by 256 pixels, for example, then would be used a wide-angle lens at a distance of 15 m in front of the image sensor 1 a pixel of approximately 12 by 12 cm. Such a grid is suitable, even small movements of body parts, for example a hand or the head.
  • the image sensor 1 In the active state of the device, the image sensor 1 then takes a fraction of a second one image each of the monitored room, saves these images for a specific one Time and compares it with the reference image and / or with each other. In this comparison are relevant data for movements in space, for example the number of opposite pixel changed in the reference image or a movement of the objects, etc. determined. If for example the number of changed pixels reaches a certain value, this is called Movement in the monitored room interpreted.
  • the image sensor 1 Since the image sensor 1 is sensitive in the range of visible light, it needs a sufficient one Room lighting to be able to fulfill its function. This adequate lighting is ensured by the passive infrared sensor 2, by this, if necessary, immediately the person switches on the lighting after entering the room. There The passive infrared sensor can always enter the room with great movements 2 react to it safely and quickly. In this way, the image sensor 1 always provide a sufficiently illuminated room.
  • the image sensor 1 is advantageous in the times where there is nobody in the room, is switched off and is activated by the passive infrared sensor 2 activated. So that the lighting is only switched on when it is needed, the brightness sensor 4 performs a cyclical measurement of the room brightness. Furthermore the lighting can be switched off using the signal from the brightness sensor 4 as soon as it is no longer required for reasons of brightness.
  • a second criterion for switching off the lighting is the absence of people in the room in question. This switching off takes place on the basis of the signal from the image sensor 1, as soon as it no longer registers any movement, one in processing stage 3 provided counter starts, if a new movement signal occurs, be it is set to zero by the image sensor 1 or by the passive infrared sensor 2. No motion signal occurs then the meter continues to run and at a certain meter reading the lighting turns on switched off. To prevent unnecessary lighting, you can also provide that a switched-on lighting only remains switched on if there is sufficient large time constant, a sufficiently large signal from the passive infrared detector 2 occurs. You can fix the time constant at 45 to 60 minutes, for example, because you can assume that a person working on a PC at least every 45 minutes makes a movement recognizable by the passive infrared sensor 2.
  • Another way to increase the robustness of the presence detector is to use defined Repetitive movements caused by oscillating objects, such as curtains, fans or plant leaves or mask out.
  • the APS forming the image sensor can, for example, be an active pixel sensor with additional ones Signal evaluation in the pixels.
  • This signal evaluation can preferably be done in an amplification temporal changes and an inhibiting interaction of neighboring pixels exist, so that moving contours are highlighted (so-called neuromorphic Sensors or artificial retina).
  • motion detection is carried out directly on the chip performed, and internal logic can, for example, the number activated Count pixels or measure the size of pixel clusters, which also results in the Estimated number of people in the room and if the corresponding thresholds are exceeded a signal can be output.
  • the optics (not shown) of the image sensor 1 can be designed such that, according to FIG. 2, several partial areas T 1 to T 4 are imaged on the same image area BB.
  • This multiple use of the image sensor 1 results in a (virtual) resolution, so that an image sensor of lower resolution can be used for a constant spatial resolution. It does not matter that the unique spatial resolution is lost, as long as the sensor is only supposed to detect movements.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 shows that when a signal occurs of the passive infrared detector 2, the image sensor 1 is activated with the image analysis. If the lighting conditions it is required by the signal of the passive infrared detector 2 as well the room lighting is switched on.
  • the image analysis an examination of the from Image sensor 1 captured images based on movements. If no movement is detected, the status of a counter is increased, with each detected movement the counter status increases zero reset.
  • the passive infrared sensor is of course also in the active state of the image sensor 1 2 is still active and also issues a reset command when motion is detected to the counter. The meter reading is then compared to a threshold and if this threshold is exceeded, the lighting is switched off.
  • the image sensor takes a picture every second and examines it, and if the time constant of the presence detector is set so that 20 minutes after the last movement the lighting of the room is switched off, then the meter reading exceed 1'200 so that the light is switched off.
  • the simple signal evaluation shown in FIG. 3 can be almost can be refined as desired. For example, you can provide that the lighting is switched off if the passive infrared detector 2 does not deliver a signal at certain intervals, and / or can be used as a prerequisite for leaving a just turned on Illumination require that the image sensor 1 shortly after switching on the illumination the passive infrared sensor 2 detects movement.

Abstract

A presence detector has a passive infrared sensor (2) that activates a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon) visible light active pixel imaging sensor (1) with combined or separate ambient light measurement (4) and a combined sensor signal processor (3) with separate imaging of part images to control room lighting (5), air conditioning, ventilation and heating (6).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Präsenzmelder mit einem Passiv-Infrarotsensor zur Detektion der Anwesenheit von Personen in einem Raum und mit einem im sichtbaren Spektralbereich arbeitenden und durch den Passiv-Infrarotsensor aktivierbaren Bildsensor für die Aufnahme von Bildern des betreffenden Raumes.The present invention relates to a presence detector with a passive infrared sensor for detection the presence of people in a room and with one in the visible spectral range working and activated by the passive infrared sensor for the Taking pictures of the room in question.

In der EP-A-0 591 585 ist eine Fernüberwachungseinrichtung mit einer eine Kamera, einen Passiv-Infrarotsensor, eine Infrarotlampe und einen Funksender aufweisenden Überwachungseinheit beschrieben. Im Fall eines unerwartenden Zustands schaltet der Passiv-Infrarotsensor die Infrarotlampe und die Kamera ein und löst die Übertragung der von der Kamera aufgenommenen Bilder an eine Zentrale aus, in der die Bilder ausgewertet werden. Die Überwachungseinheit enthält ausserdem einen Bild-Prozessor, dessen Funktion darin besteht, das Kamerabild für die Übertragung auf zu bereiten.In EP-A-0 591 585 there is a remote monitoring device with a camera, a Passive infrared sensor, an infrared lamp and a monitoring unit having a radio transmitter described. In the event of an unexpected condition, the passive infrared sensor switches the infrared lamp and the camera and triggers the transmission of those recorded by the camera Images to a central office, in which the images are evaluated. The monitoring unit also contains an image processor, the function of which is that Prepare camera image for transmission.

Es liegt auf der Hand, dass diese Fernüberwachungseinrichtung nicht als Präsenzmelder geeignet ist, da von einem solchen in erster Linie die automatische Betätigung/Steuerung von mit der Anwesenheit von Personen in einem Raum zusammen hängenden Parametern erwartet wird. Und für eine solche automatische Betätigung/Steuerung ist es unzumutbar, dass die Entscheidung über die Anwesenheit von Personen in dem betreffenden Raum in einer vom Präsenzmelder abgesetzten und unter Umständen sogar von diesem weit entfernten Zentrale erfolgt.It is obvious that this remote monitoring device is not a presence detector is suitable, since the automatic actuation / control of with the presence of people in a room related parameters expected becomes. And for such an automatic actuation / control, it is unreasonable that the Decision on the presence of people in the room in question in one of the Presence detectors remote and possibly even from this remote control center he follows.

Der Passiv-Infrarotsensor ist mit einem sogenannten Pyrosensor und Mitteln zur Fokussierung der aus dem zu überwachenden Raum auf den Pyrosensor fallenden Wärmestrahlung ausgerüstet und detektiert anhand des Signals des Pyrosensors Bewegungen von sich von der Umgebungstemperatur unterscheidenden Wärmequellen im Überwachungsraum (siehe dazu beispielsweise die EP-A-0 303 913). Solche Passiv-Infrarotsensoren sind heute in vielen Ausführungen und zu günstigen Preisen erhältlich, sie vermögen aber ruhende, beispielsweise an einem PC arbeitende, Personen, nur schlecht oder gar nicht zu erkennen, und sind daher für die Verwendung in Präsenzmeldern in Büroräumen nur sehr bedingt geeignet. Es ist auch nicht möglich, mit den heute auf dem Markt erhältlichen Passiv-Infrarotsensoren den Belegungsgrad eines Raumes festzustellen. The passive infrared sensor is equipped with a so-called pyro sensor and means for focusing the thermal radiation falling from the room to be monitored onto the pyro sensor and detects movements of the ambient temperature based on the signal of the pyro sensor distinguishing heat sources in the surveillance room (see for example EP-A-0 303 913). Such passive infrared sensors are today in many versions and available at reasonable prices, but they can be dormant, for example people working on a PC, difficult to recognize or not at all, and are therefore for the use in presence detectors in offices is only suitable to a limited extent. It is also not possible, with the passive infrared sensors available on the market today the degree of occupancy of a room.

Durch die Erfindung soll nun ein Präsenzmelder angegeben werden, der die genannten Nachteile nicht aufweist, und der insbesondere auch kleinste Bewegungen detektiert und die Raumbelegung erkennt und dadurch für die automatische Betätigung/Steuerung von mit der Anwesenheit von Personen in einem Raum zusammen hängenden Parametern verwendet werden kann.The invention is now intended to provide a presence detector which has the disadvantages mentioned does not have, and in particular detects even the smallest movements and the occupancy recognizes and thereby for the automatic actuation / control of with the Presence of people in a room related parameters used can be.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Präsenzmelder der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass im Präsenzmelder ein Prozessor für die lokale und kombinierte Verarbeitung und Auswertung der Sensorsignale vorgesehen ist, bei welcher eine Bestimmung von für Bewegungen im genannten Raum relevanten Daten erfolgt.This task is solved with a presence detector of the type mentioned in the introduction in that a processor in the presence detector for local and combined processing and evaluation of the sensor signals is provided, in which a determination of movements in relevant data is given.

Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Präsenzmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die lokale Verarbeitung der Signale des Bildsensors unter Berücksichtigung der Signale des Passiv-Infrarotsensors erfolgt.This is a first preferred embodiment of the presence detector according to the invention characterized that taking into account the local processing of the signals of the image sensor the signals from the passive infrared sensor.

Durch die lokale und kombinierte Verarbeitung der Sensorsignale wird ein "high-end" Präsenzmelder erhalten, der kleinste Bewegungen erkennt und zur Steuerung der Raumbeleuchtung und anderer Parameter verwendet werden kann.The local and combined processing of the sensor signals makes it a "high-end" presence detector receive the smallest movements and to control the room lighting and other parameters can be used.

Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bildsensor durch einen CMOS-Bildsensor, vorzugsweise einen Aktiv Pixel Sensor, gebildet ist.A second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the image sensor is formed by a CMOS image sensor, preferably an active pixel sensor.

Der Bildsensor erfasst den zu überwachenden Raum bildtechnisch, digitalisiert das Bild, und legt es als Referenzbild in einem Speicher ab. Die Verwendung eines Aktiv Pixel Sensors, der sich durch einen sehr geringen Stromverbrauch auszeichnet, bietet die Möglichkeit des Zugriffs auf einzelne Pixel. Wenn der Aktiv Pixel Sensor aus genügend vielen Pixeln besteht, erhält man eine Rasterung, bei der auch kleine Bewegungen, wie beispielsweise Handbewegungen, erkannt werden. Im aktiven Zustand des Präsenzmelders macht der Bildsensor in Abständen von Sekundenbruchteilen jeweils ein Bild des überwachten Raumes, speichert diese Bilder für eine bestimmte Zeit und vergleicht sie mit dem Referenzbild und/oder untereinander.The image sensor captures the space to be monitored using image technology, digitizes the image, and stores it as a reference image in a memory. The use of an active pixel sensor that is characterized by a very low power consumption, offers the possibility of access on individual pixels. If the active pixel sensor consists of enough pixels, you get a grid in which even small movements, such as hand movements, are recognized become. When the presence detector is active, the image sensor makes intervals of An image of the monitored room in a split second saves these images for one certain time and compares it with the reference image and / or with each other.

Bevorzugte Weiterentwicklungen/Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemässen Präsenzmelders sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 4 bis 9 beansprucht.Preferred further developments / embodiments of the presence detector according to the invention are claimed in dependent claims 4 to 9.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiter eine Verwendung des genannten Präsenzmelders für die bedarfsgerechte Betätigung und/oder Steuerung von Konditionierungseinrichtungen eines Raumes.The invention further relates to a use of the presence detector mentioned for the needs-based Actuation and / or control of conditioning devices in a room.

Unter Konditionierungseinrichtungen sind Einrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der in dem jeweiligen Raum herrschenden Umgebungsbedingungen, wie beispielsweise Raumhelligkeit oder Raumklima, zu verstehen. Nicht zuletzt aus Gründen der Einsparung von Energie besteht besonders bei Beleuchtung, Heizung, Lüftung und Klimatisierung ein Bedarf nach deren Abschalten oder Drosselung in leeren Räumen und nach deren Einschalten oder Umstellung auf Normalbetrieb, sobald eine Person den Raum betritt. Bedarfsgerechte Steuerung bedeutet darüber hinaus die Steuerung von Heizung/Lüftung/Klimatisierung anhand der Anzahl der sich in einem Raum befindenden Personen.Conditioning devices include devices for influencing the respective Ambient conditions prevailing in the room, such as room brightness or Indoor climate to understand. Not least because of the saving of energy for lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, a need to switch them off or throttling in empty rooms and after switching on or switching to normal operation, as soon as a person enters the room. Controlling according to need means above that In addition, the control of heating / ventilation / air conditioning based on the number in one People.

Vorzugsweise wird das Signal des Passiv-Infrarotmelders für die Aktivierung des Bildsensors und, wenn nötig, für das Einschalten der Raumbeleuchtung verwendet und die Signale beider Sensoren für die Steuerung der Heizung und/oder Lüftung und/ oder Klimatisierung des Raumes.The signal from the passive infrared detector is preferably used to activate the image sensor and, if necessary, used to turn on the room lighting and the signals from both Sensors for controlling the heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning of the Space.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert; es zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein Blockschema eines erfindungsgemässen Präsenzmelders,
Fig. 2
ein Schema zur Erklärung einer Detailvariante des Präsenzmelders von Fig. 1; und
Fig. 3
ein Flussdiagramm einer einfachen Signalauswertung.
In the following the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment and the drawings; it shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows a block diagram of a presence detector according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a diagram for explaining a detailed variant of the presence detector of Fig. 1; and
Fig. 3
a flowchart of a simple signal evaluation.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Präsenzmelder besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Bildsensor 1, einem Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 und einer an diese angeschlossenen Auswerteelektronik 3 zur Steuerung der Sensoren und zur Verarbeitung und Auswertung der Sensorsignale. Der Bildsensor 1 ist mit einem Helligkeitssensor 4 zur Messung der Umgebungshelligkeit ausgerüstet, welcher ebenfalls mit der Auswerteelektronik 3 verbunden und beispielsweise durch eine Fotodiode gebildet ist. Alternativ kann der Bildsensor 1 zur Messung der Umgebungshelligkeit ausgebildet sein, indem er eine Grösse für die Helligkeit der Pixel in seinem Sichtbereich anhand der bekannten Integrationszeit misst. Diese Grösse kann beispielsweise der Mittelwert oder ein Histogramm oder der Maximalwert der Helligkeit der Pixel sein.The presence detector shown in FIG. 1 essentially consists of an image sensor 1, a passive infrared sensor 2 and an evaluation electronics 3 connected to it Control of the sensors and for processing and evaluating the sensor signals. The image sensor 1 is equipped with a brightness sensor 4 for measuring the ambient brightness, which is also connected to the evaluation electronics 3 and for example by a photodiode is formed. Alternatively, the image sensor 1 can be designed to measure the ambient brightness by taking a measure of the brightness of the pixels in its field of vision the known integration time. This size can be, for example, the mean or a Histogram or the maximum value of the brightness of the pixels.

Der Präsenzmelder ist dazu vorgesehen, die Anwesenheit von Personen in einem Raum festzustellen und anhand des Ergebnisses dieser Überwachung die Beleuchtung des Raumes sowie dessen Heizung/Lüftung/Klimatisierung und gegebenenfalls weitere Konditionierungseinrichtungen zu steuern. Unter Steuern soll dabei sowohl Regeln als auch Ein- und Ausschalten verstanden werden. Entsprechend dieser doppelten Funktion des Präsenzmelders enthält die Auswerteelektronik einen Ausgang 5 zur Regelung der Beleuchtung und einen Ausgang 6 zur Regelung der Heizung/Lüftung/Klimatisierung des betreffenden Raumes.The presence detector is designed to detect the presence of people in a room and based on the result of this monitoring, the lighting of the room as well its heating / ventilation / air conditioning and, if necessary, other conditioning devices to control. Taxes are understood to mean both rules and switching on and off become. The evaluation electronics contain the dual function of the presence detector an output 5 for regulating the lighting and an output 6 for regulating the heating / ventilation / air conditioning of the room in question.

Das Ziel einer solchen Steuerung besteht darin, die Raumkonditionierung und -beleuchtung so zu gestalten, dass mit minimalem Energieaufwand ein maximaler Komfort erzielt wird. Das bedeutet unter anderem, die Raumbeleuchtung nur dann einzuschalten und eingeschaltet zu lassen, wenn sich Personen im Raum befinden, und die Heizung/Lüftung/Klimatisierung des Raums ebenfalls auf die Anwesenheit oder Nichtanwesenheit von Personen im Raum abzustimmen, wobei für letzteres auch Kenntnis über die Raumbelegung wünschenswert ist.The aim of such a control is to condition and illuminate the room to be designed so that maximum comfort is achieved with minimal energy consumption. The means, among other things, only to switch the room lighting on and on again leave when there are people in the room and the heating / ventilation / air conditioning of the To coordinate the presence or absence of people in the room, knowledge of the room occupancy is desirable for the latter.

Der Bildsensor 1 ist im Bereich des sichtbaren Lichts empfindlich; er kann auf einem üblichen bildgebenden Verfahren (CCD [CCD: charge-coupled device], CID [CID: charge injection device] oder CMOS [CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor = komplementäre Metall-Oxid-Halbleiter-Struktur]) basieren. Vorzugsweise wird ein spezieller CMOS-Bildsensor, ein sogenannter APS [APS: Aktiv Pixel Sensor] verwendet, der sich durch einen sehr geringen Stromverbrauch und durch die Möglichkeit des Zugriffs auf einzelne Pixel auszeichnet. Ausserdem können in einem solchen APS zusätzliche applikationsspezifische analoge oder digitale Funktionen, zum Beispiel einfache Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen wie Filter oder Belichtungssteuerung, einfach integriert werden. Bezüglich APS wird auf die Artikel "A 128 x- 128 CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensor for Highly Integrated Imaging Systems" von Sunetra K. Mendis, Sabrina E. Kennedy und Eric R. Fossum, IEDM 93-538 und "128X128 CMOS Photodiode-Type Active Pixel Sensor With On-Chip Timing, Control and Signal Chain Electronics" von R. H. Nixon, S. E. Kemeny, C. O. Staller und E. R. Fossum in SPIE Vol. 2415 / 117, verwiesen.The image sensor 1 is sensitive in the range of visible light; he can on a usual imaging methods (CCD [CCD: charge-coupled device], CID [CID: charge injection device] or CMOS [CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor = complementary Metal-oxide-semiconductor structure]) based. A special CMOS image sensor, a so-called APS [APS: Active Pixel Sensor] is used, which is characterized by a very low Power consumption and the ability to access individual pixels. Furthermore In such APS, additional application-specific analog or digital Functions, for example simple image processing algorithms such as filters or exposure control, can be easily integrated. Regarding APS, the article "A 128 x- 128 CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensor for Highly Integrated Imaging Systems "by Sunetra K. Mendis, Sabrina E. Kennedy and Eric R. Fossum, IEDM 93-538 and "128X128 CMOS Photodiode-Type Active Pixel Sensor With On-Chip Timing, Control and Signal Chain Electronics "by R. H. Nixon, S.E. Kemeny, C.O. Staller and E.R. Fossum in SPIE Vol. 2415/117.

Der Bildsensor 1 ist auf den zu überwachenden Raum gerichtet, erfasst diesen bildtechnisch, digitalisiert das Bild und legt es als Referenzbild in einem Speicher ab. Wenn der den Bildsensor 1 bildende APS beispielsweise aus 256 mal 256 Pixeln besteht, dann würde bei Verwendung einer Weitwinkeloptik im Abstand von 15 m vor dem Bildsensor 1 einem Pixel eine Fläche von ungefähr 12 mal 12 cm entsprechen. Eine solche Rasterung ist geeignet, auch kleine Bewegungen von Körperteilen, beispielsweise einer Hand oder des Kopfes, zu detektieren.The image sensor 1 is directed towards the room to be monitored, detects it in terms of image technology, digitizes the image and stores it as a reference image in a memory. If the the image sensor 1 forming APS consists of 256 by 256 pixels, for example, then would be used a wide-angle lens at a distance of 15 m in front of the image sensor 1 a pixel of approximately 12 by 12 cm. Such a grid is suitable, even small movements of body parts, for example a hand or the head.

Im aktiven Zustand der Einrichtung macht dann der Bildsensor 1 in Abständen von Sekundenbruchteilen jeweils ein Bild des überwachten Raums, speichert diese Bilder für eine bestimmte Zeit und vergleicht sie mit dem Referenzbild und/oder untereinander. Bei diesem Vergleich werden für Bewegungen im Raum relevante Daten, beispielsweise die Anzahl der gegenüber dem Referenzbild geänderten Pixel oder eine Bewegung der Objekte, usw. bestimmt. Wenn beispielsweise die Anzahl der veränderten Pixel einen bestimmten Wert erreicht, wird dies als Bewegung im überwachten Raum interpretiert.In the active state of the device, the image sensor 1 then takes a fraction of a second one image each of the monitored room, saves these images for a specific one Time and compares it with the reference image and / or with each other. In this comparison are relevant data for movements in space, for example the number of opposite pixel changed in the reference image or a movement of the objects, etc. determined. If for example the number of changed pixels reaches a certain value, this is called Movement in the monitored room interpreted.

Da der Bildsensor 1 im Bereich des sichtbaren Lichts empfindlich ist, benötigt er eine ausreichende Raumbeleuchtung, um seine Funktion erfüllen zu können. Diese ausreichende Beleuchtung wird durch den Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 gewährleistet, indem dieser, falls erforderlich, unmittelbar nach dem Betreten des Raums durch eine Person die Beleuchtung einschaltet. Da das Betreten des Raums immer mit grossen Bewegungen verbunden ist, kann der Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 darauf sicher und schnell reagieren. Auf diese Weise findet der Bildsensor 1 immer einen genügend beleuchteten Raum vor. Der Bildsensor 1 ist mit Vorteil in den Zeiten, wo sich niemand im Raum befindet, ausgeschaltet und wird durch den Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 aktiviert. Damit die Beleuchtung nur dann eingeschaltet wird, wann eine solche benötigt wird, erfolgt durch den Helligkeitssensor 4 eine zyklische Messung der Raumhelligkeit. Ausserdem kann anhand des Signals des Helligkeitssensors 4 die Beleuchtung abgeschaltet werden, sobald sie aus Helligkeitsgründen nicht mehr benötigt wird. Since the image sensor 1 is sensitive in the range of visible light, it needs a sufficient one Room lighting to be able to fulfill its function. This adequate lighting is ensured by the passive infrared sensor 2, by this, if necessary, immediately the person switches on the lighting after entering the room. There The passive infrared sensor can always enter the room with great movements 2 react to it safely and quickly. In this way, the image sensor 1 always provide a sufficiently illuminated room. The image sensor 1 is advantageous in the times where there is nobody in the room, is switched off and is activated by the passive infrared sensor 2 activated. So that the lighting is only switched on when it is needed, the brightness sensor 4 performs a cyclical measurement of the room brightness. Furthermore the lighting can be switched off using the signal from the brightness sensor 4 as soon as it is no longer required for reasons of brightness.

Ein zweites Kriterium für das Abschalten der Beleuchtung ist die Nichtanwesenheit von Personen in dem betreffenden Raum. Dieses Abschalten erfolgt anhand des Signals des Bildsensors 1, indem dieser, sobald er keine Bewegung mehr registriert, einen in der Verarbeitungsstufe 3 vorgesehenen Zähler startet, der bei Auftreten eines neuerlichen Bewegungssignals, sei es vom Bildsensor 1 oder vom Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2, auf null gesetzt wird. Tritt kein Bewegungssignal auf, dann läuft der Zähler weiter und bei einem bestimmten Zählerstand wird die Beleuchtung ausgeschaltet. Zur Verhinderung von unnötiger Beleuchtung kann man auch vorsehen, dass eine eingeschaltete Beleuchtung nur dann eingeschaltet bleibt, wenn mit einer ausreichend grossen Zeitkonstante ein genügend grosses Signal des Passiv-Infrarotmelders 2 auftritt. Man kann die Zeitkonstante beispielsweise bei 45 bis 60 Minuten fixieren, weil man annehmen kann, dass auch eine an einem PC arbeitende Person zumindest alle 45 Minuten eine vom Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 erkennbare Bewegung macht.A second criterion for switching off the lighting is the absence of people in the room in question. This switching off takes place on the basis of the signal from the image sensor 1, as soon as it no longer registers any movement, one in processing stage 3 provided counter starts, if a new movement signal occurs, be it is set to zero by the image sensor 1 or by the passive infrared sensor 2. No motion signal occurs then the meter continues to run and at a certain meter reading the lighting turns on switched off. To prevent unnecessary lighting, you can also provide that a switched-on lighting only remains switched on if there is sufficient large time constant, a sufficiently large signal from the passive infrared detector 2 occurs. You can fix the time constant at 45 to 60 minutes, for example, because you can assume that a person working on a PC at least every 45 minutes makes a movement recognizable by the passive infrared sensor 2.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Robustheit des Präsenzmelders zu erhöhen, besteht darin, in definierten Raumbereichen wiederholt auftretende Bewegungen, die durch oszillierende Objekte, wie beispielsweise Vorhänge, Ventilatoren oder Pflanzenblätter, verursacht sind, auszufiltern oder auszumaskieren.Another way to increase the robustness of the presence detector is to use defined Repetitive movements caused by oscillating objects, such as curtains, fans or plant leaves or mask out.

Während für das Ein- und Ausschalten der Beleuchtung (Ausgang 5) eine integrale Bewegungsüberwachung über den gesamten Raum ausreichend ist, kann die für eine bedarfsgerechte Steuerung von Lüftung/Heizung/Klimatisierung (Ausgang 6) erforderliche Raumbelegung erst durch eine weitergehend Auswertung des Bildsignals gewonnen werden. Diese weitergehende Auswertung erfolgt beispielsweise dadurch, dass man den Sichtbereich des Bildsensors 1 in mehrere Teilbereiche unterteilt und das Sensorsignal für jeden Teilbereich separat auswertet. Dann kann man für jeden Teilbereich feststellen, ob sich eine Person in diesem aufhält. Auf diese Weise kann man die Belegung eines Raums zumindest abschätzen und die Lüftung/Heizung/Klimatisierung entsprechend steuern.While switching the lighting on and off (output 5), integral motion monitoring is sufficient over the entire room, the one for a needs-based Control of ventilation / heating / air conditioning (output 6) required room occupancy can only be obtained by further evaluating the image signal. This further Evaluation takes place, for example, by changing the field of vision of the image sensor 1 divided into several sections and the sensor signal is evaluated separately for each section. Then you can determine for each sub-area whether there is a person in it. On this way you can at least estimate the occupancy of a room and the ventilation / heating / air conditioning control accordingly.

Der den Bildsensor bildende APS kann beispielsweise ein Aktiv Pixel Sensor mit zusätzlicher Signalauswertung in den Pixeln sein. Diese Signalauswertung kann vorzugsweise in einer Verstärkung zeitlicher Änderungen und einer hemmenden Wechselwirkung benachbarter Pixel bestehen, so dass sich bewegende Konturen hervorgehoben werden (sogenannte neuromorphische Sensoren oder artificial retina). Auf diese Weise wird direkt auf dem Chip eine Bewegungsdetektion durchgeführt, und eine interne Logik kann beispielsweise die Anzahl aktivierter Pixel zählen oder die Grösse von Pixelanhäufungen (clusters) messen, wodurch ebenfalls die Anzahl der Personen im Raum abgeschätzt und bei Überschreiten entsprechender Schwellen ein Signal ausgegeben werden kann.The APS forming the image sensor can, for example, be an active pixel sensor with additional ones Signal evaluation in the pixels. This signal evaluation can preferably be done in an amplification temporal changes and an inhibiting interaction of neighboring pixels exist, so that moving contours are highlighted (so-called neuromorphic Sensors or artificial retina). In this way, motion detection is carried out directly on the chip performed, and internal logic can, for example, the number activated Count pixels or measure the size of pixel clusters, which also results in the Estimated number of people in the room and if the corresponding thresholds are exceeded a signal can be output.

Es wurde schon erwähnt, dass der Sichtbereich des Bildsensors 1 in mehrere Teilbereiche unterteilt werden kann. Anstatt diese Teilbereiche separat auszuwerten, kann man die Optik (nicht dargestellt) des Bildsensors 1 so ausbilden, dass gemäss Fig. 2 mehrere Teilbereiche T1 bis T4 auf denselben Bildbereich BB abgebildet werden. Man gewinnt durch diese mehrfache Ausnutzung des Bildsensors 1 an (virtueller) Auflösung, so dass für eine gleichbleibende Ortsauflösung ein Bildsensor geringerer Auflösung eingesetzt werden kann. Dass die eineindeutige Ortsauflösung verloren geht, spielt keine Rolle, so lange der Sensor nur Bewegungen erkennen soll.It has already been mentioned that the field of vision of the image sensor 1 can be subdivided into several sub-areas. Instead of evaluating these partial areas separately, the optics (not shown) of the image sensor 1 can be designed such that, according to FIG. 2, several partial areas T 1 to T 4 are imaged on the same image area BB. This multiple use of the image sensor 1 results in a (virtual) resolution, so that an image sensor of lower resolution can be used for a constant spatial resolution. It does not matter that the unique spatial resolution is lost, as long as the sensor is only supposed to detect movements.

Um ein längeres Anschalten der Beleuchtung aufgrund eines Fehlsignals des Passiv-Infrarotmelders 2 zu verhindern, kann man kurz nach dem Einschalten der Beleuchtung das Signal des Bildsensors 2 auf sich eindeutig bewegende Objekte hin analysieren oder auch ein Objekttracking (Verfolgung des Wegs der betreffenden Person) durchführen. Dies ist deswegen sinnvoll, weil sich eine Person erfahrungsgemäss kurz nach dem Betreten eines Raumes noch relativ stark bewegt und somit vom Bildsensor 1 sehr gut erkennbar ist.To switch the lighting on for a longer time due to a false signal from the passive infrared detector 2 to prevent the signal from the shortly after switching on the lighting Analyze image sensor 2 for clearly moving objects or also object tracking (Follow the path of the person concerned). This makes sense because experience has shown that a person is still relatively short after entering a room strongly moved and thus can be recognized very well by the image sensor 1.

Dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Flussdiagramm ist zu entnehmen, dass bei Auftreten eines Signals des Passiv-Infrarotmelders 2 der Bildsensor 1 mit der Bildanalyse aktiviert wird. Falls die Beleuchtungsverhältnisse es erfordern, wird durch das Signal des Passiv-Infrarotmelders 2 auch die Raumbeleuchtung eingeschaltet. Bei der Bildanalyse erfolgt eine Untersuchung der vom Bildsensor 1 aufgenommenen Bilder auf Bewegungen. Wenn keine Bewegung festgestellt wird, wird der Stand eines Zählers erhöht, bei jeder festgestellten Bewegung wird der Zählerstand auf null zurückgesetzt. Im aktiven Zustand des Bildsensors 1 ist selbstverständlich auch der Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 weiter aktiv und gibt ebenfalls bei Detektion einer Bewegung einen Rückstellbefehl an den Zähler ab. Anschliessend wird der Zählerstand mit einer Schwelle verglichen und bei Überschreiten dieser Schwelle wird die Beleuchtung abgeschaltet.The flowchart shown in FIG. 3 shows that when a signal occurs of the passive infrared detector 2, the image sensor 1 is activated with the image analysis. If the lighting conditions it is required by the signal of the passive infrared detector 2 as well the room lighting is switched on. During the image analysis, an examination of the from Image sensor 1 captured images based on movements. If no movement is detected, the status of a counter is increased, with each detected movement the counter status increases zero reset. The passive infrared sensor is of course also in the active state of the image sensor 1 2 is still active and also issues a reset command when motion is detected to the counter. The meter reading is then compared to a threshold and if this threshold is exceeded, the lighting is switched off.

Wenn beispielsweise der Bildsensor jede Sekunde ein Bild aufnimmt und dieses untersucht, und wenn die Zeitkonstante des Präsenzmelders so eingestellt ist, dass 20 Minuten nach der letzten Bewegung die Beleuchtung des Raums abgeschaltet wird, dann muss der Zählerstand den Wert 1'200 überschreiten, damit das Licht abgeschaltet wird.For example, if the image sensor takes a picture every second and examines it, and if the time constant of the presence detector is set so that 20 minutes after the last movement the lighting of the room is switched off, then the meter reading exceed 1'200 so that the light is switched off.

Wie schon erwähnt wurde, kann die in Figur 3 dargestellte einfache Signalauswertung nahezu beliebig verfeinert werden. So kann man beispielsweise vorsehen, dass die Beleuchtung abgeschaltet wird, wenn der Passiv-Infrarotmelder 2 nicht in bestimmten Abständen ein Signal liefert, und/oder man kann als Voraussetzung für das eingeschaltet Lassen einer soeben eingeschalteten Beleuchtung verlangen, dass der Bildsensor 1 kurz nach Einschalten der Beleuchtung durch den Passiv-Infrarotsensor 2 eine Bewegung detektiert.As already mentioned, the simple signal evaluation shown in FIG. 3 can be almost can be refined as desired. For example, you can provide that the lighting is switched off if the passive infrared detector 2 does not deliver a signal at certain intervals, and / or can be used as a prerequisite for leaving a just turned on Illumination require that the image sensor 1 shortly after switching on the illumination the passive infrared sensor 2 detects movement.

Für die Regelung von Heizung/Lüftung/Steuerung (Ausgang 6 der Auswerteelektronik 3) wird die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Signalsauswertung sinngemäss erweitert.For the regulation of heating / ventilation / control (output 6 of the evaluation electronics 3) the signal evaluation shown in Fig. 3 extended accordingly.

Claims (11)

Präsenzmelder mit einem Passiv-Infrarotsensor (2) zur Detektion der Anwesenheit von Personen in einem Raum und mit einem im sichtbaren Spektralbereich arbeitenden und durch den Passiv-Infrarotsensor (2) aktivierbaren Bildsensor (1) für die Erzeugung von Bildern des betreffenden Raumes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Präsenzmelder ein Prozessor (3) für die lokale und kombinierte Verarbeitung und Auswertung der Sensorsignale vorgesehen ist, bei welcher eine Bestimmung von für Bewegungen im genannten Raum relevanten Daten erfolgt.Presence detector with a passive infrared sensor (2) for detecting the presence of people in a room and with an image sensor (1) working in the visible spectral range and activated by the passive infrared sensor (2) for generating images of the room in question, characterized that a processor (3) is provided in the presence detector for the local and combined processing and evaluation of the sensor signals, in which a determination of data relevant to movements in the space mentioned takes place. Präsenzmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die lokale Verarbeitung der Signale des Bildsensors (1) unter Berücksichtigung der Signale des Passiv-Infrarotsensors (2) erfolgt.Presence detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the local processing of the signals of the image sensor (1) takes into account the signals of the passive infrared sensor (2). Präsenzmelder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bildsensor (1) durch einen CMOS-Bildsensor, vorzugsweise einen Aktiv Pixel Sensor, gebildet ist.Presence detector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the image sensor (1) is formed by a CMOS image sensor, preferably an active pixel sensor. Präsenzmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem genannten Raum eine durch den Passiv-Infrarotsensor (2) einschaltbare Beleuchtung vorgesehen ist, und dass das Ausschalten dieser Beleuchtung anhand des Ergebnisses der kombinierten Auswertung der Signale des Bildsensors (1) und der Signale des Passiv-Infrarot-Sensors (2) erfolgt.Presence detector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a lighting which can be switched on by the passive infrared sensor (2) is provided in the said room and that the switching off of this lighting on the basis of the result of the combined evaluation of the signals of the image sensor (1) and the signals of the passive infrared sensor (2). Präsenzmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bildsensor (1) in periodischen Abständen ein Bild des betreffenden Raumes macht und dieses für eine bestimmte Zeit speichert und mit einem Referenzbild vergleicht.Presence detector according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the image sensor (1) periodically takes an image of the room in question and stores it for a certain time and compares it with a reference image. Präsenzmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bildsensor (1) für die Messung der Umgebungshelligkeit ausgebildet oder mit Mitteln (4) zur Messung der Umgebungshelligkeit ausgerüstet ist.Presence detector according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the image sensor (1) is designed for measuring the ambient brightness or is equipped with means (4) for measuring the ambient brightness. Präsenzmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Auswertung der Signale des Bildsensors (1) eine Unterteilung des Sichtbereichs des Bildsensors (1) in mehrere Teilbereiche und eine separate Auswertung der Signale des Bildsensors (1) für jeden Teilbereich erfolgt.Presence detector according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that when the signals of the image sensor (1) are evaluated, the field of vision of the image sensor (1) is subdivided into a plurality of partial areas and the signals of the image sensor (1) are evaluated separately for each partial area , Präsenzmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die für Bewegungen im Raum relevanten Daten auf einzelne Pixel oder auf das gesamte Signal des Bildsensors (1) oder Teile von diesem beziehen können. Presence detector according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the data relevant for movements in space can relate to individual pixels or to the entire signal of the image sensor (1) or parts thereof. Präsenzmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bildsensor (1) eine Optik zur Abbildung mehrerer Teilbereiche (T1 - T4) auf denselben Bildbereich (BB) aufweist.Presence detector according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the image sensor (1) has an optical system for imaging a plurality of partial areas (T 1 - T 4 ) on the same image area (BB). Verwendung des Präsenzmelders nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 für die bedarfsgerechte Betätigung und/oder Steuerung von Konditionierungseinrichtungen eines Raumes.Use of the presence detector according to one of claims 1 to 9 for the needs-based Actuation and / or control of conditioning devices in a room. Verwendung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Signal des Passiv-Infrarotsensors (2) für die Aktivierung des Bildsensors (1) und, falls erforderlich, für das Einschalten der Raumbeleuchtung verwendet wird, und dass die Signale beider Sensoren (1 und 2) (1) für die Steuerung der Heizung und/oder Lüftung und/oder Klimatisierung des Raumes verwendet werden.Use according to claim 10, characterized in that the signal from the passive infrared sensor (2) is used to activate the image sensor (1) and, if necessary, to switch on the room lighting, and that the signals from both sensors (1 and 2) (1) can be used to control the heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning of the room.
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ATE375580T1 (en) 2007-10-15
EP1109141A1 (en) 2001-06-20
IL139611A0 (en) 2002-02-10
IL139611A (en) 2005-06-19
DE59914523D1 (en) 2007-11-22
EP1418555B1 (en) 2007-10-10
US6486778B2 (en) 2002-11-26
US20010015409A1 (en) 2001-08-23

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