EP1411784B1 - Zigarettenfilter - Google Patents

Zigarettenfilter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1411784B1
EP1411784B1 EP02756831A EP02756831A EP1411784B1 EP 1411784 B1 EP1411784 B1 EP 1411784B1 EP 02756831 A EP02756831 A EP 02756831A EP 02756831 A EP02756831 A EP 02756831A EP 1411784 B1 EP1411784 B1 EP 1411784B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
filter
general
cigarette
adsorbent material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02756831A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1411784A1 (de
EP1411784B8 (de
Inventor
James N. Figlar
Brian E. Tucker
F. Kelley St. Charles
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Brown and Williamson Holdings Inc
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Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1411784A1 publication Critical patent/EP1411784A1/de
Publication of EP1411784B1 publication Critical patent/EP1411784B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1411784B8 publication Critical patent/EP1411784B8/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/12—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of ion exchange materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cigarette filter that includes a smoke constituent adsorbent which, when combined with a carbon-based filtering material, demonstrates synergistic reductions in smoke vapor constituents.
  • Cigarettes include tobacco rods or columns which, when burned, produce a particulate and a vapor phase.
  • filters began to be attached to an end of the tobacco column.
  • the filter removed various smoke components.
  • the fibrous materials are not effective at removing volatile constituents, such as aldehydes, hydrogen cyanide and sulfides, which are found in the vapor phase.
  • an adsorbent or absorbent is combined with the fibrous material to improve removal of the vapor phase components.
  • cigarette filters have included activated carbon, porous minerals such as meerschaum, silica gel, cation-exchange resins and anion-exchange resins.
  • Anion exchange resins have been proposed for the removal of smoke acids, but strongly basic anion exchangers have no effect on smoke vapor phase aldehydes.
  • Weakly basic anion-exchange resins of porous structure are suitable for the removal of smoke acids and aldehydes, but their efficiency diminishes during smoking, as does that of carbon and porous minerals.
  • adsorbents can be used in combination in cigarette filters.
  • U.S. Patent 2,815,760 describes the use of an ion exchange material with materials which "chemically react with the harmful, nonalkaline and nonacid components of the smoke to form non-volatile compounds, thus retaining the latter to the filter.”
  • the aforesaid additives have not yielded satisfactory selective removal of such smoke phase components, as smoke aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde and acrolein.
  • Patent 4,300,577 describes the use of a weakly retentive absorbent for vapor-phase constituents intermingled with a second component having mainly primary amino functional groups for the removal of vapor-phase constituents, including aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide from tobacco smoke.
  • a weakly retentive absorbent for vapor-phase constituents intermingled with a second component having mainly primary amino functional groups for the removal of vapor-phase constituents, including aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide from tobacco smoke.
  • the filter of the '577 patent has not been shown to demonstrate adequate consumer acceptance or commercial viability.
  • BE 647 803 A discloses a reusable cartridge-filter-element for tobacco-articles which comprises its filter-sections in the following order: a cap with holes in it, a layer of cellulose, a layer of active charcoal-granulate, another layer of cellulose, a layer of a resin, another layer of cellulose and finally a bottom-part with holes in it, wherein this bottom-part is arranged towards the mouth-end.
  • US 3,280,823 discloses a filter-element for tobacco-articles comprising a resin, which releases nicotine and flavourants into tobacco-smoke.
  • This resin can be contained in a filter-base made out of commercially available filter-materials.
  • the present invention relates to a cigarette filter that includes a multiple section filter which reduces the level of predetermined smoke constituents.
  • the filter consists of a fibrous filter plug located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section containing a selective adsorbent material, and a section containing a general adsorbent material.
  • the filter plug can be any filter plug known in the art, such as cellulose acetate tow.
  • the general adsorbent material is selected from a group or relatively high surface area materials, such as activated charcoal, which are capable of adsorbing a range of chemical compounds without a high degree of specificity.
  • the selective adsorbent material is chosen based on the specific smoke constituents targeted for removal.
  • the selective adsorbent material is selected from a group of surface functionalized resin, wherein each resin consists of an essentially inert carrier with a surface area of greater than about 35 m 2 /g.
  • the selective adsorbent material has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix surface-functionalized with mainly primary and secondary amine functional groups.
  • the selective adsorbent material may be adjacent to a tobacco rod and the general adsorbent material positioned between the selective adsorbent section and the filter plug.
  • Preliminary data indicates that the orientation produces a synergistic effect in smoke constituent reductions .
  • the selective adsorbent and general adsorbent may be interspersed in a traditional filter plug material, such as cellulose acetate, or the adsorbents may be packed as a bed or thin layer sections within filter plug material.
  • the cigarette filter of the present invention includes a multiple section filter which reduces the levels of predetermined smoke constituents.
  • the filter consists of a fibrous filter plug located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section containing a selective adsorbent material, and a section containing a general adsorbent material.
  • a typical filter-tipped cigarette 10 has a filter 30 attached to a tobacco rod 20.
  • the tobacco rod 20 consists of a loose tobacco-containing mixture 22 wrapped in a cigarette paper 24, and the filter 30 includes a filter plug 32 wrapped in a plug wrap 34.
  • a sheet of tipping paper 36 joins the filter 30 to the tobacco rod 20.
  • a cigarette 110 has a multiple section filter 130 attached to the tobacco rod 20.
  • the filter 130 includes a filter plug 132, a section containing a general adsorbent 134 and a section containing a selective adsorbent 136.
  • the filter plug 132 is adjacent a first or mouth end 131 of the filter 130.
  • the bed of the selective adsorbent 136 is adjacent a second or tobacco-rod end 137 of the filter 130.
  • the bed of the general adsorbent 134 is positioned between the filter plug 132 and the selective adsorbent bed 136.
  • the filter plug 132 is made from a filamentary or fibrous material and provides a clean, neat appearance at the mouth end 131 of the cigarette.
  • the filter plug 132 also retains a firmness at the mouth end 131 as the cigarette 110 is consumed.
  • the filter plug 132 can be made from a variety of materials, among the most common being cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton, polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester web, polyester tow or combinations thereof.
  • a plasticizer may be included.
  • the general adsorbent section 134 includes a general adsorbent material 144 dispersed throughout a filter plug material 142, such as in a "dual-dalmatian" filter, known in the art.
  • the general adsorbent material 144 is selected from a group of relatively high surface area materials which are capable of adsorbing smoke constituants without a high degree of specificity.
  • the general adsorbent is selected from activated charcoal, activated coconut carbon, activated coal-based carbon, zeolite, silica gel, meerschaum, aluminum oxide, or combining thereof, as well as a mineral-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal with a density about 50% greater than coconut-based charcoal (available from Calgon Carbon, Pittsburgh, PA), Ambersorb 572 or Ambersorb 563 (a carbonaceous resin derived from the pyrolysis of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene available from Rohm and Haas, 5000 Richmond Street, Philadelphia, PA 19137), other materials having similar particle sizes, surface area and binding affinities, or combinations thereof.
  • metal oxides or other metal-based complexes may be included in the general adsorbent section.
  • the selective adsorbent section 136 includes a selective adsorbent material 146 dispersed throughout a filter plug material 142, such as in a "dual-dalmatian" filter, known in the art
  • the selective adsorbent material 146 is selected based on the material's 146 specificity for a predetermined class of chemical compounds.
  • the selective adsorbent material 146 is an ion-exchange resin, such as Duolite A7 (available from Rohm and Haas, 5000 Richmond Street, Philadelphia, PA 19137), or a material having similar functional groups and binding affinities.
  • the Duolite A7 has a phenol-formaldehyde rsin matrix and is surface-functionalized with primary and secondary amino groups, thereby enhancing the resin's specificity toward the aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide found in tobacco smoke.
  • the selective adsorbent material 146 must be selected taking into consideration that the contact conditions between the tobacco smoke and the adsorbent 146 are dependent on a number of variables, including how strongly the smoker pulls the smoke through the filter as the cigarette is being smoked and how much of the tobacco rod has been consumed prior to each puff.
  • the selective adsorbent 146 have a surface area of greater than about 35 m 2 / g so that there is minimal diffusional resistance and the surface area functional sites are easily accessible. Material with greater surface areas also demonstrate less noticeable performance decline if part of the surface is covered with a plasticizer, as might occur when the adsorbent 146 is dispersed in the filter plug 142.
  • the tobacco smoke is puffed by the smoker through the filter 130.
  • the smoke initially passes over the selective adsorbent section 136 where the targeted smoke constituents are adsorbed on the surface of the selective adsorbent material 146 and particulate matter in the smoke is retained by the filter plug material 142.
  • the remaining smoke then passes over the general adsorbent section 134 where other constituents may be retained by the adsorbent material 144 and additional particulate matter is retained by the filter plug material 142.
  • the remaining smoke then passes through the filter plug 132 where additional particulate matter can be removed.
  • the filtered smoke is then delivered to the smoker.
  • the multiple section filter 110 is made having a filter plug 132 made of cellulose acetate tow and being about 7 mm in length, and having a general adsorbent section 134 consisting of 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal 144 dispersed throughout cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 134 about 10 mm in length wherein the cellulose acetate tow is treated with a plasticizer, and having a selective adsorbent section 136 consisting of 40 mg of Duolite A7 dispersed throughout cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 136 about 10 mm in length wherein the cellulose acetate tow is treated with a plasticizer.
  • the multiple section filter 130 has the filter plug 132 adjacent the mouth end 131, the selective adsorbent section 136 adjacent the tobacco-rod end 137, and the general adsorbent section 134 positioned between the filter plug 132 and the selective adsorbent section 136.
  • analysis of the smoke vapor exiting at the mouth end 131 of the cigarette 210 shows statistically significant reductions in the levels of pyridine, hydrogen cyanide, benzene, propionitrile, crotonaldehyde, acetone, acrylonitrile, acetaldehyde, toluene, carbon disulfide, methyl ethyl ketone / butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetonitrile, and methanol as compared to cigarettes using charcoat-only filters.
  • a multi-section filter 630 for a cigarettte 610 includes the general adsorbent 344 and the selective adsorbent 346 dispersed in separate sections within a single length of fibrous filter material 342.
  • An advantage of the embodiment 110 of Figure 2 is that the smoke passes over the selective adsorbent material 146 before passing over the general adsorbent 144. This allows the selective adsorbent 146 to remove some specific smoke constituents before the general adsorbent 144 is exposed to the smoke, thereby allowing the general adsorbent 144 to be more effective in removing the remaining smoke constituents. Thus, there is a synergistic effect observed for the adsorbents in the cellulose acetate / general adsorbent / specific adsorbent orientation as compared to the cellulose acetate / specific adsorbent / general adsorbent orientation.
  • a multiple section filter 730 of a cigarette 710 includes only a general absorbent section 134 and a selective absorbent section 136.
  • Example 1 A cigarette 110 with a multiple section filter 130 is prepared as shown in Figure 2 wherein a filter plug 132 is made of cellulose acetate tow and is about 7 mm in length, a general adsorbent section 134 consists of about 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal 144 dispersed throughout plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 134 about 10 mm in length, and a selective adsorbent section 136 consists of about 40 mg of Duolite A7 dispersed throughout plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 136 about 10 mm in length.
  • a filter plug 132 is made of cellulose acetate tow and is about 7 mm in length
  • a general adsorbent section 134 consists of about 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal 144 dispersed throughout plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 134 about 10 mm in length
  • Example 2 A cigarette 210 with a multiple section filter 230 is prepared with the section orientations as shown in Figure 3 wherein the filter plug 132, the general adsorbent section 134, and the selective adsorbent section 136 are essentially identical to the filter plug 132, the general adsorbent section 134, and the selective adsorbent section 136 of Example 1.
  • the filter is attached to a tobacco rod having a length of about 56.5 mm and containing about 617 mg of a typical non-menthol cigarette blend wrapped in a 50 Coresta cigarette paper with about 1.8% citrate.
  • the cigarette delivers about 10.0 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 20 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.2 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 20 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.9 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 60 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.0 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 60 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.3 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 69 mg of a mineral-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal is used in the general adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal.
  • the cigarette delivers about 10.1 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 69 mg of a mineral-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal is used in the general adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal.
  • the cigarette delivers about 10.2 mg tar per cigarette.
  • Example 9 Representative cigarettes of Examples 1-6 are smoked to a butt length of about 4 mm from the tipping using a Borgwalt RM-20 smoking machine. Following the procedures set forth by the FTC, smoke constituents exiting the filter end of each cigarette are passed through a Cambridge filter pad, the vapor phase is collected in a bag and analyzed by GC/MS. The data is normalized to about 10 mg tar per cigarette.
  • the adsorbents 144, 146 may be packed within the filter plug material 142 as thin layer sections of general adsorbent 344 and selective adsorbent 346. Because the layer packed adsorbents would not be exposed to the same level of plasticizer as the tow-dispersed adsorbents, the adsorbents would retain more available surface area for interacting with smoke constituents.
  • the filter plug, the general adsorbent section, and the selective adsorbent section may vary in length and diameter, relative to any dimensions specified herein and relative to each other.
  • the various section dimensions may be optimized for a particular tobacco blend or for particular tobacco rod dimensions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Mehrsektions-Zigarettenfilter mit:
    (a) einer selektiven adsorbierenden Sektion (136) mit einem selektiven adsorbierenden Material (146), das ein Ionenaustausch-Harz mit einer Affinität für eine vorherbestimmte Klasse von chemischen Verbindungen und überall in einem faserigen Material dispergiert ist, wobei das Ionenaustausch-Harz eine Phenol-Formaldehyd- bzw. Phenoplast-Harzmatrix und mit primären und sekundären Amin-Gruppen oberflächen-funktionalisiert ist;
    (b) einer allgemeinen adsorbierenden Sektion (134) mit einem allgemeinen adsorbierenden Material (144) mit einer großen Oberflächen-Fläche bzw. einer hohen spezifischen Oberfläche, das in der Lage ist, Rauchbestandteile ohne ein hohes Maß an Spezifizität zu adsorbieren, wobei das allgemeine adsorbierende Material (144) aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Aktivkohle bzw. Aktiv-Holzkohle, aktiviertem Kokusnuss-Kohlenstoff bzw. - kohle, aktiviertem, auf Kohle basierendem Kohlenstoff bzw. Kohle, Zeolit, Silikagel, Meerschaum, Aluminiumoxid, einem auf Kohle basierenden Kohlenstoff bzw. Kohle, die aus Semianthrazit-Kohle hergestellt ist, einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Harz, das aus der Pyrolyse von sulfoniertem StyrolDivinylbenzol abgeleitet ist, oder Kombinationen hieraus besteht; und
    (c) einem Filter bzw. Filterstopfen (132), wobei die allgemeine adsorbierende Sektion (134) axial im Tandem zwischen dem Filterstopfen (132) und der selektiven adsorbierenden Sektion (136) ausgerichtet ist.
  2. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 1, wobei die allgemeine adsorbierende Sektion (134) das allgemeine adsorbierende Material (144) aufweist, das überall in einem faserigen Material verteilt bzw. dispergiert ist.
  3. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 1, wobei die allgemeine adsorbierende Sektion (134) ein eng-gepacktes Bett aus dem allgemeinen adsorbierenden Material (144) aufweist.
  4. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 1, wobei die allgemeine adsorbierende Sektion (134) weiterhin ein Metalloxid oder einen anderen, auf Metall basierenden Komplex enthält.
  5. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Filter ein faseriger Filterstopfen (132) ist, der aus Zellulose, Zelluloseacetat, Tau, Papier, Baumwolle, einem Polypropylen-Flächengebilde, einem Polypropylen-Tau, einem Polyester-Flächengebilde, einem Polyester-Tau oder Kombinationen hieraus hergestellt ist.
  6. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Filter (132) weiterhin ein Plastifiziermittel, ein flüssiges Additiv, ein Flavor-Mittel oder Kombinationen hieraus enthält.
  7. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 1, wobei das selektive adsorbierende Material (146) eine spezifische Oberfläche bzw. Oberflächen-Fläche hat, die größer als ungefähr 35 m.sup.2/g ist.
  8. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 1 mit:
    (a) einer vorgewählten Länge von faserigem Material;
    (b) einem selektiven adsorbierenden Material (146), das überall in einer ersten, vorher ausgewählten Sektion (136) längs der vorher ausgewählten Länge verteilt bzw. dispergiert ist, wobei das selektive adsorbierende Material (146) eine Affinität für eine vorher bestimmte Klasse von chemischen Verbindungen hat, die überall in dem faserigen Material dispergiert bzw. verteilt sind, wobei das selektive adsorbierende Material (146) ein lonenaustausch-Harz ist und das lonenaustausch-Harz eine Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzmatrix und mit primären und sekundären Amin-Gruppen oberflächen-funktionalisiert ist; und
    (c) einem allgemeinen adsorbierenden Material (146), das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus aktivierter Holzkohle bzw. Aktivkohle, aktiviertem Kokusnuss-Kohlenstoff bzw. -Kohle, aktiviertem, auf Kohle basierenden Kohlenstoff bzw. Kohle, Zeolit, Silikagel, Meerschaum, Aluminiumoxid, einer auf Kohle basierenden Holzkohle bzw. Kohlenstoff, die bzw. der aus Semianthrazit-Kohle hergestellt ist, einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Harz, das aus der Pyrolyse von sulfoniertem Styroldivinylbenzol abgeleitet ist, oder Kombinationen hieraus besteht, die überall in einer zweiten, vorher ausgewählten Sektion (134) längs der vorher ausgewählten Länge verteilt bzw. dispergiert sind, wobei das allgemeine adsorbierende Material (144) eine große Oberflächen-Fläche bzw. eine hohe spezifische Oberfläche hat und Rauchbestandteile ohne ein hohes Maß an Spezifizität adsorbieren kann, und wobei die allgemeine adsorbierende Sektion (134) axial im Tandem zwischen dem faserigen Material (132) und der selektiven adsorbierenden Sektion (136) ausgerichtet ist.
  9. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 8, wobei das allgemeine adsorbierende Material (144) weiterhin ein Metalloxid oder einen anderen, auf Metall basierenden Komplex enthält.
  10. Zigarettenfilter nach Anspruch 8, wobei das faserige Material ein Plastifiziermittel, ein flüssiges Additiv, ein Flavor-Mittel oder Kombinationen hiervon enthält.
EP02756831A 2001-08-01 2002-07-30 Zigarettenfilter Expired - Lifetime EP1411784B8 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30943501P 2001-08-01 2001-08-01
US30938801P 2001-08-01 2001-08-01
US309388P 2001-08-01
US309435P 2001-08-01
US11841 2001-10-30
US10/011,841 US20030066539A1 (en) 2001-08-01 2001-10-30 Cigarette Filter
PCT/US2002/024240 WO2003015544A1 (en) 2001-08-01 2002-07-30 Cigarette filter

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1411784A1 EP1411784A1 (de) 2004-04-28
EP1411784B1 true EP1411784B1 (de) 2011-10-12
EP1411784B8 EP1411784B8 (de) 2012-03-07

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EP02756831A Expired - Lifetime EP1411784B8 (de) 2001-08-01 2002-07-30 Zigarettenfilter

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US (2) US20030066539A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1411784B8 (de)
JP (1) JP4028483B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100838207B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100496312C (de)
AP (1) AP2134A (de)
AR (1) AR034967A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE527901T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2002322811B2 (de)
BR (1) BR0211853B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2454820C (de)
EA (1) EA005323B1 (de)
EG (1) EG23137A (de)
ES (1) ES2375106T3 (de)
HR (1) HRP20040166B1 (de)
HU (1) HUP0401565A3 (de)
IL (2) IL160150A0 (de)
MX (1) MXPA04001044A (de)
MY (1) MY128508A (de)
NO (1) NO20040452L (de)
NZ (1) NZ531256A (de)
OA (1) OA12647A (de)
PL (1) PL200589B1 (de)
RS (1) RS51032B (de)
TW (1) TWI239237B (de)
WO (1) WO2003015544A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200401077B (de)

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BR0211853B1 (pt) 2011-11-29
MY128508A (en) 2007-02-28
KR20040026699A (ko) 2004-03-31
MXPA04001044A (es) 2004-06-22
EA005323B1 (ru) 2005-02-24
OA12647A (en) 2006-06-16
HRP20040166A2 (en) 2004-08-31
JP4028483B2 (ja) 2007-12-26
NO20040452L (no) 2004-03-29
PL368136A1 (en) 2005-03-21
BR0211853A (pt) 2004-09-08
ATE527901T1 (de) 2011-10-15
WO2003015544A1 (en) 2003-02-27
KR100838207B1 (ko) 2008-06-13
TWI239237B (en) 2005-09-11
HRP20040166B1 (hr) 2013-11-22
AP2004002985A0 (en) 2004-03-31
AR034967A1 (es) 2004-03-24
PL200589B1 (pl) 2009-01-30
EP1411784A1 (de) 2004-04-28
RS11204A (en) 2007-02-05
ZA200401077B (en) 2005-06-29
EG23137A (en) 2004-04-28
HUP0401565A3 (en) 2012-09-28
CN1553777A (zh) 2004-12-08
JP2004538016A (ja) 2004-12-24
HUP0401565A2 (hu) 2004-11-29
EA200400191A1 (ru) 2004-06-24
AP2134A (en) 2010-07-13
CA2454820A1 (en) 2003-02-27
CA2454820C (en) 2007-06-05
US20030066539A1 (en) 2003-04-10
EP1411784B8 (de) 2012-03-07
CN100496312C (zh) 2009-06-10
IL160150A0 (en) 2004-07-25
IL160150A (en) 2008-03-20
RS51032B (sr) 2010-10-31
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AU2002322811B2 (en) 2006-03-09

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