EP1409769A2 - Dispositif electrolytique - Google Patents

Dispositif electrolytique

Info

Publication number
EP1409769A2
EP1409769A2 EP02716647A EP02716647A EP1409769A2 EP 1409769 A2 EP1409769 A2 EP 1409769A2 EP 02716647 A EP02716647 A EP 02716647A EP 02716647 A EP02716647 A EP 02716647A EP 1409769 A2 EP1409769 A2 EP 1409769A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
electrolysis device
anode
electrolysis
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02716647A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Lohrberg
Dirk Lohrberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1409769A2 publication Critical patent/EP1409769A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolysis device with at least one horizontally lying electrolysis cell, which has a housing and the anode of which is equipped with a membrane or a diaphragm and the cathode of which is equipped with a gas diffusion electrode, and with means for supplying and removing gas into or from the gas space of the cathode and means for supplying and removing electrolytes into and out of a first electrolyte chamber and into and out of a second electrolyte chamber, the electrolyte chambers being separated from one another by means of the membrane or the diaphragm ,
  • Such an electrolysis device is known for example from EP-A-182 144.
  • the electrolyte is introduced and removed via openings which are arranged at the edge between the electrodes. Because of this, the cross-sectional area of the openings is limited by the dimensions and the distance between the electrodes. Since the distance between the electrodes is only a few millimeters, the cross-sectional area available for the feeding and removal of the electrodes is relatively small.
  • Such electrolysis devices are therefore only suitable for electrolytically connected electrolytic cells, since these are penetrated by small amounts of electrolyte.
  • the tolerance range of the permissible hydraulic pressure is determined here by the overall height of the cell. This is usually a few centimeters to save material and space.
  • One way of generating only correspondingly low hydraulic pressures is therefore to constructively enlarge the inlet and outlet openings. This can be achieved in that the inlet and outlet openings are not arranged between the electrodes, but next to the electrodes, as in EP-A-0 168 600, EP-A-0 330 849 and EP-B-0 865 516 proposed.
  • the cross-sectional area of the openings is then no longer limited by the spacing of the electrodes from one another, but can be adapted to the increased amounts of electrolyte in an electrolytic series connection via the appropriate design of the frame geometry.
  • a disadvantage of such an arrangement of the openings is the additional production of a sealing frame, which connects the membrane or the diaphragm to the frame in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner, so that mixing of the quantities in the individual chambers is prevented.
  • a sealing frame also, because it lies between the electrodes, means that the distance between the electrodes is increased by the frame thickness. This increases the voltage drop in the electrolyte and thus the energy consumption.
  • This object is inventively z. B. solved in that the anode and membrane or the diaphragm each have at least one opening for supplying electrolytes in the second electrolyte chamber and at least one further opening for discharging electrolytes from the second electrolyte chamber.
  • the membrane or the diaphragm in the area of the electrolyte supply opening and the electrolyte discharge opening is clamped in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner by means of a sealing frame, the thickness of which does not exceed the thickness of the anode, as well as on the sealing frame and the anode.
  • a sealing frame the thickness of which does not exceed the thickness of the anode, as well as on the sealing frame and the anode.
  • Electrolysis cells today are constructed from metal, since the appropriate alloys ensure long-term resistance of the cells to chemical and mechanical loads at very high temperatures. Disadvantages of metal structures, however, are the mostly high costs for the material and the production, which usually include complex welding work. This is particularly true for cells that use different materials for the anode and cathode, such as. B. a chlor-alkali membrane cell, in which the anode consists of a ruthenium oxide-coated titanium-palladium alloy and the Nickel cathode.
  • Such cells are basically made up of an anode and a cathode tub with the respective electrodes. In the case of an electrical series connection, the individual tubs are welded to one another, for example, by means of explosively plated, bipolar strips.
  • the welding of the cells over such strips is ideally carried out with a laser, in which the welding area or the temperature zone can be spatially arranged in such a way that mixing of the different alloys and thus corrosion is prevented.
  • the manufacture of an electrolytic cell is easier if the anode and cathode are made of the same material as, for example, a cell for producing hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline solution using a gas diffusion cathode. In this case, nickel can be used as the material.
  • the electrodes are simply electrically connected to one another via bridges made of nickel or the cell walls themselves.
  • the partition must therefore be welded to the webs and the cell walls using continuous welds.
  • this usually leads to a delay because the material should be as thin as possible for economic reasons and the welding heat is not dissipated.
  • laser welding is also an option here, since the temperature zone can be determined very precisely in terms of space. Through a However, complex welding, long preparation times and high quality requirements make laser welding very cost-intensive.
  • the housing of the electrolytic cell is formed by two plastic plates, between which are Use of frame-like seals, the electrolyte chambers and the gas space are limited.
  • the middle plastic plate (s) forms the base of the upper electrolysis cell and the cover of the electrolysis cell located below.
  • the electrolyte supply and discharge channels of the second electrolyte chamber can be introduced, in particular milled, into these plastic plates in a simple manner. The same applies to electrolyte supply and discharge channels of the first electrolyte chamber.
  • PP, PVC and post-chlorinated PVC are suitable as plastics. These plastics are resistant to many chemicals, even at temperatures up to approx. 80 ° C.
  • the plastic plates can be covered with seals in such a way that the required electrolyte and gas spaces are created between the electrodes and the plastic plate without great effort. This eliminates the need for a material-intensive version with two trays or the welding in of a partition.
  • the plastic plates can preferably consist of different materials, since the anolyte and catholyte consist of different compounds. Since the anlolyte and catholyte are introduced via the same plastic plate, this can expediently consist of two different plastics.
  • the respective electrolyte discharge channels of the upper electrolysis cell can be in flow communication with the respective electrolyte feed channels of the electrolysis cell located underneath via external connecting pipelines.
  • the anode and the cathode extend beyond the seals which delimit the electrolyte chambers and the gas space and are provided with their electrical connections or connections from the anode to the cathode outside the chambers.
  • the electrical connections and connections can also still be in the plastic plate, for which edge recesses or openings can be provided; but they can also be arranged outside.
  • the material of the electrical connections and connections can be chosen freely since they no longer bear the chemical-thermal load on the electrolyte are exposed. It is therefore also possible to use highly conductive copper, for example, which is normally not used at this point due to its poor chemical-thermal resistance. This leads to a cost-effective reduction in the number and dimensions of the electrical connections and connections, including corresponding busbars to which the electrical connections are connected.
  • connections and / or connections are pressed with clamping elements with anode and cathode. Expensive welding is then unnecessary.
  • the gas requirement also plays a major role in the use of gas diffusion electrolysis. This must be a multiple of the stoichiometric requirement for the reaction taking place in gas diffusion electrolysis, so that there are no losses in efficiency.
  • oxygen is converted into a gas diffusion cathode with the hydrogen generated at the cathode to generate energy.
  • air is usually used instead of oxygen.
  • This requires inlet and outlet pipes with a correspondingly large cross section, as a result of which the thickness of the cell frame must disadvantageously be increased. A reduction in the cross-section while increasing the number of pipes is usually precluded for economic reasons.
  • a gas supply channel and a gas discharge channel penetrate the plastic plates delimiting the electrolytic cell (s) and possibly the anode and the cathode, sealing against the electrolyte chambers and in flow connection with the respective gas space from top to bottom.
  • the cross section of the feed and Discharge openings can thus be determined regardless of the plate thickness.
  • openings with the same dimensions are present in the individual plastic plates and possibly the electrodes, which are aligned with one another so that the gas, for example the air, is distributed in an energetically favorable manner with the smallest possible pressure loss in the cell stack.
  • the openings are designed so that the required cross-section is available, but there is still enough material for the current flow.
  • the air flow from top to bottom allows electrolyte, which penetrates the gas diffusion electrode, for example, through small leaks, to be removed.
  • Another advantage of the possibility of converting large amounts of gas is the increased absorption of the evaporation heat generated at the gas diffusion electrode, so that an internal cooling is created which replaces an external one and saves the costs for a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electrolysis device constructed from four electrolysis cells according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a sealing frame as shown in FIG. 2
  • the electrolysis device shown in FIG. 1 has four horizontally stacked electrolysis cells, with a housing 6 formed by plastic plates 6 ', 6 ", the uppermost plastic plate 6' a cover and the bottom plastic plate 6" a bottom of the top or bottom Form electrolysis cell, while the middle plastic plates 6 "simultaneously form the bottom of the electrolysis cell above and the lid of the electrolysis cell underneath.
  • Each electrolytic cell has an anode 8 with a membrane or a diaphragm 18 and a cathode 9 with a gas diffusion electrode 17, with corresponding seals 11, 12, 13 a first electrolyte chamber 4 as the anode space, a second electrolyte chamber 5 as the cathode space and on the outside of the cathode 9 a gas space 22 are formed.
  • Electrolyte 1 becomes the uppermost via an electrolyte supply channel 19 '
  • the electrolyte 1 flows laterally outward from the electrolyte discharge channel 20' into a connecting pipeline 10 adjoining there to the second plastic plate 6 ", which is the uppermost one
  • the electrolysis cell is delimited as the bottom and there into an electrolyte feed channel, which corresponds to the feed channel 19 'of the uppermost plastic plate 6', etc., until the electrolyte is discharged from the side of the penultimate plastic plate 6 "via an outlet pipe 25.
  • Gas such as Oxygen or air are supplied from above into a gas supply channel 21 which passes through all the plastic plates 6 ', 6 "of the housing 6 from top to bottom and which is sealed gas and liquid-tight against the electrolyte chambers 4, 5, but in each case in flow connection with the corresponding one
  • the gas supply channel 21 opens into the lowermost gas space at the bottom, and on the opposite side of the electrolysis cell stack a vertical gas discharge channel 23 extends from the uppermost gas space 22 into a lower outlet opening in the lowermost plastic plate 6 '.
  • the plastic plates 6 ′, 6 ′′ are provided with edge recesses 24 which are aligned with one another.
  • Electrical connections 7 for the anode 8 (top) and the cathode 9 (bottom) are provided on both sides at the top and bottom with current strips 2 , and in the middle plastic plates 6 "electrical connections 7 'between cathode 9 and anode 8 of successive electrolysis cells.
  • the busbars 2 and the connections 7 and connections 7 'can be made of a material that conducts electricity well, such as copper.
  • the connections 7 and the connections 7 'can furthermore be pressed with anode 8 and cathode 9 via clamping elements (not shown), so that welding is unnecessary.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates how sealing takes place in the area of an electrolyte supply opening 19 or an electrolyte discharge opening 20.
  • the membrane or the diaphragm 18 is angled upward in the area of the openings 19, 20 and is supported on one Sealing frame 15 guided, which has no greater thickness than the anode 8.
  • the sealing frame 15 is housed in a larger recess 27 of the anode 8 and delimits the openings 19, 20 inside.
  • Above the angled area of the membrane or diaphragm 18 is a Sealing element 14 over the anode 8 and up over the sealing frame 15. In the vicinity of the openings 19, 20, the membrane or the diaphragm 18 is clamped in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner with the edge facing the openings 19, 20 between the sealing frame 15 and the sealing element 14.
  • the sealing frame 15, which is shown in vertical section II in FIG. 2, has a narrow shape, the short sides of which are designed as arches, and thus surrounds the openings 19, 20.
  • busbars e.g. made of copper 3 gas, e.g. 0 2 or air

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif électrolytique comprenant au moins une cellule électrolytique horizontale pourvue d'un boîtier (6). L'anode (8) de cette cellule comporte une membrane ou un diaphragme (18) et sa cathode (9) une électrode à diffusion de gaz (17). Ce dispositif comprend des moyens d'amenée (21) et d'évacuation (23) de gaz (3) à l'intérieur et hors de la chambre de gaz (22) de la cathode (9), ainsi que des moyens d'amenée (16; 19) et d'évacuation (16; 20) d'électrolytes (1) à l'intérieur et hors de la première chambre électrolytique (4) et à l'intérieur et hors de la deuxième chambre électrolytique (5). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que l'anode (8) et la membrane ou le diaphragme (18) comprennent chacun au moins une ouverture pour l'amenée (19) d'électrolytes (1) dans la deuxième chambre électrolytique (5) et au moins une autre ouverture pour l'évacuation (20) d'électrolytes hors de cette deuxième chambre électrolytique.
EP02716647A 2001-02-22 2002-01-03 Dispositif electrolytique Withdrawn EP1409769A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10108452 2001-02-22
DE10108452A DE10108452C2 (de) 2001-02-22 2001-02-22 Elektrolyseeinrichtung
PCT/EP2002/000008 WO2002068721A2 (fr) 2001-02-22 2002-01-03 Dispositif electrolytique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1409769A2 true EP1409769A2 (fr) 2004-04-21

Family

ID=7675059

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02716647A Withdrawn EP1409769A2 (fr) 2001-02-22 2002-01-03 Dispositif electrolytique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20040074764A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1409769A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2435571A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10108452C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002068721A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1880043A4 (fr) * 2005-04-15 2009-06-03 Innovative Hydrogen Solutions Cellule electrolytique pour moteur a combustion interne
EP2765224B1 (fr) * 2013-02-12 2018-04-11 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une cellule d'électrolyse
EP2772977B1 (fr) 2013-02-27 2017-05-03 Airbus DS GmbH Système régénératif de piles à combustible avec purification de gaz
WO2017174563A1 (fr) 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Covestro Deutschland Ag Électrode bifonctionnelle et dispositif d'électrolyse pour l'électrolyse de chlore-alcali
KR101996479B1 (ko) * 2017-02-09 2019-07-03 정진호 전해질의 전기분해장치
CL2018001294A1 (es) * 2018-05-14 2019-12-27 Transducto S A Celda electrolitica de mono cámara y aparato a presión horizontal sellado para electro depositar metal desde soluciones electrolíticas.
DE102022207328A1 (de) 2022-07-19 2024-01-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Membran und Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine elektrochemische Zelle, sowie Elektrolysezelle und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Elektrolysezelle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4323435A (en) * 1979-02-23 1982-04-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of operating a solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cell
US4436608A (en) * 1982-08-26 1984-03-13 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Narrow gap gas electrode electrolytic cell
DE3420483A1 (de) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-05 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Bipolarer elektrolyseapparat mit gasdiffusionskathode
DE3439265A1 (de) * 1984-10-26 1986-05-07 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Elektrolyseapparat mit horizontal angeordneten elektroden
US4732660A (en) * 1985-09-09 1988-03-22 The Dow Chemical Company Membrane electrolyzer
US4911993A (en) * 1988-02-01 1990-03-27 Eltech Systems Corporation Bipolar, filter-press, consumable metal anode battery
US5292405A (en) * 1992-06-17 1994-03-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Electrolytic cell and method
DE19545332A1 (de) * 1995-12-05 1997-06-12 Karl Lohrberg Elektrolytzelle
DE10022592B4 (de) * 2000-05-09 2010-03-04 Peroxid-Chemie Gmbh & Co. Kg Bipolare Mehrzweckelektrolysezelle für hohe Strombelastungen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO02068721A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10108452A1 (de) 2002-09-12
WO2002068721A3 (fr) 2003-10-02
US20040074764A1 (en) 2004-04-22
DE10108452C2 (de) 2003-02-20
WO2002068721A2 (fr) 2002-09-06
CA2435571A1 (fr) 2002-09-06

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