EP1409167A1 - Method and device for shaping structural parts - Google Patents

Method and device for shaping structural parts

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Publication number
EP1409167A1
EP1409167A1 EP01962548A EP01962548A EP1409167A1 EP 1409167 A1 EP1409167 A1 EP 1409167A1 EP 01962548 A EP01962548 A EP 01962548A EP 01962548 A EP01962548 A EP 01962548A EP 1409167 A1 EP1409167 A1 EP 1409167A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ribs
rib
particles
nozzles
base body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01962548A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1409167B1 (en
Inventor
Frank WÜSTEFELD
Wolfgang Linnemann
Stefan Kittel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kugelstrahlzentrum Aachen GmbH
Original Assignee
Kugelstrahlzentrum Aachen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kugelstrahlzentrum Aachen GmbH filed Critical Kugelstrahlzentrum Aachen GmbH
Publication of EP1409167A1 publication Critical patent/EP1409167A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1409167B1 publication Critical patent/EP1409167B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
    • B21D11/08—Bending by altering the thickness of part of the cross-section of the work
    • B21D11/085—Bending by altering the thickness of part of the cross-section of the work by locally stretching or upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/47—Burnishing
    • Y10T29/479—Burnishing by shot peening or blasting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reshaping structural components, in particular those for use in aerospace, the structural components having a plate-shaped base body and elongated and approximately parallel ribs extending approximately at right angles therefrom and integrally connected to the base body, the Reshaping is carried out by particles of an abrasive, which strike surface areas of the structural component at high speed and cause plastic material deformation.
  • Forming processes of the type described in the introduction have long been used in the aerospace industry for the curvature of large-area components, for example of wings or fuselage shells.
  • Abrasives with a particle diameter of up to 2 - 4 mm are mainly used for forming structural components. While the abrasive is used for large-area processing of the components with the help of centrifugal wheels, hand blasting systems are used for the localized forming. These hand blasting machines are also used to bend ribs. In order to be able to deliberately deform the usually flat ribs on the basis of the beam geometry and the beam diameter, the ribs to be machined are partially covered with a mask, so that the desired expansion gradient is achieved in the rib regions to be reshaped.
  • Rubber or another shock-absorbing material is used to cover the non-pressurized surface sections of the ribs. Covering the ribs requires a great deal of effort, especially if several masks have to be made.
  • the so-called tong process (Eckhold process) is known from the prior art.
  • pliers with a kind of clamp grip grips the rib with two spaced gripping jaws at two adjacent locations. By a short movement of the two gripping jaws away from or towards each other, the rib is either locally stretched or compressed. Continuous convex or concave curvatures can be created by repeated use along the length of the rib. The curvature can be affected by the pincer stroke and the number of repetitions of these applications.
  • So-called age creep forming processes for structural components are also generally known.
  • the component is first produced in a flat shape by machining, in particular by milling.
  • the component is then placed in a mold that has the outer contours of the finished component.
  • the component is adapted to the shape under the influence of pressure and temperature. This process usually takes several hours.
  • Another disadvantage is that special shapes have to be made for each geometry. It is also necessary to determine the parameters, temperature, pressure and time for each component separately.
  • the use of the creep forming process is ruled out for materials that are not suitable for the heat treatment carried out. Another difficulty is to overstretch the component in the mold to a certain extent in order to compensate for the springback after the component has been removed from the mold, so that the exact desired component geometry is present.
  • the prior art also includes the process known from US Pat. No. 4,329,862 for the shot peening of plate-shaped components, in particular of wing structures.
  • the wing components to be blasted are reinforced by ribs.
  • the aforementioned US patent teaches to stretch the component in a first step by applying blasting agent on both sides and then to bend it in another direction by applying blasting agent on one side only.
  • one of the methods used in practice for reshaping structural components is to mill them from solid material using modern CNC milling machines. Apart from the considerable expenditure of material, this is only possible with slightly curved structures. The cost of the raw material to be made available in large thickness is considerable. Therefore, this method - especially for large components - can only be used economically in very few cases.
  • machining results in strong springback effects in the finished component, which impair its dimensional accuracy.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a method for reshaping structural components with which the most varied of geometries can be implemented on the finished components in a reliable and cost-effective manner.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that particles of the blasting agent are simultaneously applied to opposing surface regions of the ribs on opposite longitudinal sides.
  • the strength of the radius of curvature is influenced by the size and speed of the particles of the blasting medium and the duration of the blasting treatment.
  • Base body can be dispensed with. Automation of the proposed method is also possible, in particular if the geometry of the structural component being treated is measured online and is included in a control strategy for controlling the method.
  • either a longitudinal strip of the rib adjacent to a rib base or a longitudinal strip of the rib adjacent to a rib head can be exposed to particles of the abrasive, wherein the width of the longitudinal strips can correspond at most to the height of the ribs.
  • the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs of the component in the foot area are lengthened by the blasting agent application. This results in a concave curvature of the component, the term concave referring to the side of the plate-shaped base body provided with the ribs.
  • a convex curvature of the component is caused by an extension of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs in the head region, i.e. H. in the vicinity of their longitudinal end face.
  • both single-axis and multi-axis component curvatures and developments can be created.
  • the longitudinal ribs in the foot area are lengthened, whereas the transverse ribs in the head area are lengthened, a combination of concave and convex curvature of the component results, which creates a saddle-shaped geometry.
  • a saddle-shaped structure can be achieved in that a curvature transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ribs is carried out by blasting agent treatment of the base body in the (one-sided) manner known from the prior art.
  • the particles of the blasting agent have an average diameter of more than 4 mm. This means that structural components with thick-walled ribs can also be reliably formed. Large particles, in particular large balls with a diameter of more than 4 mm, allow the rib to penetrate to a great depth.
  • a further development of the method according to the invention consists in that the particles of the blasting agent emerge from opposing, directed nozzles of a blasting device which is moved in the longitudinal direction and in the vertical direction of the ribs.
  • This enables automation in the implementation of the method and the implementation of a wide variety of geometries.
  • it is advantageous to move the nozzles synchronously in the same direction and at the same speed. This ensures that opposing surface areas of the rib are always acted upon even when the treatment site is continuously shifted.
  • a device for reshaping structural components in particular for
  • the structural components having a plate-shaped base body and elongated ribs extending at right angles from it, integrally connected to the base body and extending approximately parallel to one another, enables particles of an abrasive impinging at high speed to be applied to surface areas of the structural component, making a plastic
  • Material deformation is effected, and according to the invention is characterized by at least two nozzles for a directed exit of one particle beam each, the two particle beams being directed towards one another and the nozzles being at a greater distance from one another than the thickness of the rib.
  • the nozzles can preferably be placed in spaces between adjacent ribs, which makes it possible to direct the particle beams onto the rib surface at an angle of approximately 90 °.
  • the previously described forming process can be carried out with comparatively simple means.
  • the fixed assignment of the two nozzles or the exit directions of the particle jets to one another always ensures that opposing surface regions of the rib are acted upon. If the nozzles can be placed in spaces between adjacent ribs, a perpendicular direction of impact of the particles on the surface areas to be processed is possible.
  • the nozzles can be moved together in the longitudinal direction and in the vertical direction of the ribs, as a result of which reshaping can also be carried out at large parts of the ribs in the case of large components.
  • a large number of possible geometrical reshapings can thus be implemented on the component to be reshaped.
  • 1 shows a device for shaping a structural component with two nozzles directed towards one another;
  • 2a shows a perspective view of a section of a structural component;
  • FIG. 2b shows a side view of the component according to FIG. 2a
  • Fig. 5 as Figure 4, but with concave curvature.
  • FIG. 1 shows only two nozzles la and lb of a device for reshaping structural components, from the front 2 a and 2 b of which a slightly conically expanding jet 3a / 3b of a particulate blasting agent emerges.
  • the particles of the abrasive have a spherical shape and have a diameter of more than 4 mm (for example 6 mm).
  • the supply of the blasting agent to the nozzles 1 a and 1 b and the other components of the blasting device are generally known and are therefore not shown in detail.
  • a structural component 4 is formed from a metallic material using the partially illustrated forming device.
  • This structural component 4 consists of a plate-shaped base body 5, which is only shown in sections, and a plurality of ribs 6, which extend at right angles therefrom and are integrally connected to the base body 5, of which only a single section is shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the ribs 6 run parallel and equidistantly at a distance from one another such that the nozzles 1 a and 1 b, including the associated feed device, can be positioned in the spaces between adjacent ribs 6.
  • FIG. 1 shows the case with nozzles 1a / 1b oriented perpendicular to the rib 6.
  • the particle beams it is also possible for the particle beams to strike the fin surface obliquely from above at an angle deviating from 90 °.
  • the nozzles la / lb can then be arranged and moved in a plane above the top of the ribs.
  • the common longitudinal axis 7 of both nozzles la / lb runs perpendicular to the two side surfaces 8a and 8b of the rib 6. This ensures that opposite and essentially congruent surface areas are acted upon by the jets 3a and 3b on the opposite side surfaces 8a and 8b , If the abrasive intensity is the same, there is a force equilibrium in the area of the applied rib sections, which prevents the rib 6 from bending or being deflected on one side.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show a structural component 4, shown in detail and in perspective in a side view, in which a longitudinal strip 10 starting from a rib head 9 and running parallel to the longitudinal extension of the rib 6 is particularly emphasized.
  • This longitudinal strip 10, the width 11 of which makes up approximately 40% of the height 12 of the rib 6, is acted on with blasting agent with the aid of the nozzle 2b.
  • an opposite longitudinal strip 10b (not visible in the figures) with the same width 11 is also exposed to blasting agent, with the aid of the nozzle 2a.
  • the nozzle arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is therefore overall, i. H. without the two nozzles 2a / 2b changing their position and orientation relative to one another, can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the rib 6 - for example at a constant speed.
  • FIG. 2 c shows the shape of the structural component 4 after blasting agent treatment in the area of the longitudinal strips 10a and 10b. Due to the material expansion occurring in the area of the rib head 9, i. H. an extension of the component in this area, both the rib 6 and the integrally connected base body 5 assume a convexly curved shape. Despite the curved shape, the side surfaces 8a and 8b of the rib 6 lie within one plane.
  • the structural component 4 can also be given a curvature perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the ribs 6 by blasting treatment of either the underside 13 or the top 14 of the base body 5.
  • a curvature perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the ribs 6 by blasting treatment of either the underside 13 or the top 14 of the base body 5.
  • saddle-shaped structures can be created.
  • structural components with a cassette structure, ie ribs crossing each other in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the component such a saddle-shaped structure can be achieved solely by blasting the ribs.
  • an additional blasting treatment of the base body is optionally also possible here.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c show the case in which a concave curvature of the structural component 4 is to be produced with the aid of an abrasive treatment.
  • the longitudinal strip 10a ' is located in the region of the rib base 15 and adjoins the top 14 of the base body 5 directly.
  • the structural component 4 assumes the concavely curved shape shown in FIG. 3c. Due to the stretching of the rib 6 in its foot region, the material of the plate-shaped base body 5 is also stretched at the same time. The width 11 of the longitudinal strips 10a 'and 10b' is again approximately 40% of the height 12 of the structural component 4.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 finally show the expansion distribution in the region of the longitudinal strips 10a (on the fin head) or 10a '(on the fin foot) to be blasted with blasting media. While the elongation in the case shown in FIG. 4 increases linearly from zero to a maximum value starting from a lower boundary line 16 of the edge strip 10a up to the rib head 9, the elongation in the structural component 4 according to FIG. 5 likewise increases linearly starting from an upper boundary line 17 of the longitudinal edge strip 10a 'up to the rib base 15 at the transition into the base body 5, where a maximum value of the stretch is present.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A structural part includes a plate-shaped base body and ribs that extend longitudinally approximately parallel to one another, and that are joined integrally to and protrude orthogonally from the base body. In a shaping method, the structural part is shaped by particles of blasting or peening shot, which strike the surface areas of the structural part at a high velocity to cause a plastic deformation thereof. Opposite surface areas of the ribs, located on opposite longitudinal sides of each rib, are simultaneously subjected to the action of particles of the blasting shot. An apparatus to perform the method includes two nozzles arranged facing toward one another with the rib therebetween, to form two jets of the blasting shot particles directed toward one another at the rib.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umformen von StrukturbauteilenMethod and device for reshaping structural components
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen, insbesondere solchen zur Verwendung in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, wobei die Strukturbauteile einen plattenformigen Grundkörper und ungefähr rechtwinklig davon ausgehende, einstückig mit dem Grundkörper verbundene, langgestreckte und ungefähr parallel zueinander verlaufende Rippen besitzen, wobei die Umformung durch Partikel eines Strahlmittels erfolgt, die mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf Oberflächenbereiche des Strukturbauteils auftreffen und eine plastische Materialverformung bewirken.The invention relates to a method for reshaping structural components, in particular those for use in aerospace, the structural components having a plate-shaped base body and elongated and approximately parallel ribs extending approximately at right angles therefrom and integrally connected to the base body, the Reshaping is carried out by particles of an abrasive, which strike surface areas of the structural component at high speed and cause plastic material deformation.
Speziell in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik werden häufig sogenannte Strukturbauteile bzw. Integralbauteile eingesetzt, die - meist einseitig, unter Umständen jedoch auch beidseitig - parallel zueinander verlaufende Rippen aufweisen, während die eventuell nicht mit Rippen versehene Seite eben ist. Falls sowohl in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung des Bauteils Rippen vorhanden sind, die ungefähr senkrecht zueinander verlaufen, erhält das Bauteil eine Kassettenstruktur. Um derartige Bauteile zu krümmen, müssen aufwendige Verfahren angewandt werden, da die Rippen - insbesondere wenn sie parallel zur Krümmungsrichtung verlaufen - einen erheblichen Umformwiderstand darstellen.In aerospace technology in particular, so-called structural components or integral components are used, which have ribs that run parallel to one another, mostly on one side, but under certain circumstances also on both sides, while the side that may not have ribs is flat. If there are ribs in the longitudinal direction as well as in the transverse direction of the component, which are approximately perpendicular to one another, the component is given a cassette structure. In order to bend components of this type, complex methods have to be used since the ribs — particularly if they run parallel to the direction of curvature — represent a considerable resistance to deformation.
Umformverfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art werden in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik bereits seit langer Zeit zur Krümmung von großflächigen Bauteilen, etwa von Tragflächen oder Rumpfschalen, angewendet. Bei der Umformung von Strukturbauteilen kommen hauptsächlich Strahlmittel mit einem Partikeldurchmesser von bis zu 2 - 4 mm zum Einsatz. Während das Strahlmittel zur großflächigen Bearbeitung der Bauteile mit Hilfe von Schleuderrädern aufgebracht wird, werden zur örtlich begrenzten Umformung Handstrahlanlagen eingesetzt. Diese Handstrahlanlagen werden auch zum Krümmen von Rippen verwendet. Um aufgrund der Strahlgeometrie und des Strahldurchmessers die üblicherweise flachen Rippen gezielt verformen zu können, werden die zu bearbeitenden Rippen partiell mit einer Maske abgedeckt, damit in den umzuformenden Rippenbereichen der gewünschte Dehnungsgradient erzielt wird. Zur Abdeckung der nicht zu beaufschlagenden Flächenabschnitte der Rippen wird Gummi oder ein anders stoßabsorbierendes Material eingesetzt. Die Abdeckung der Rippen erfordert einen sehr großen Aufwand, insbesondere wenn mehrere Masken angefertigt werden müssen. Als Alternative zu dem vorbeschriebenen Kugelstrahlverfahren ist aus dem Stand der Technik das sogenannte Zangenverfahren (Eckhold-Verfahren) bekannt. Bei diesen Verfahren packt eine Zange mit einer Art Klammergriff die Rippe mit zwei beabstandeten Greifbacken an zwei benachbarten Stellen. Durch eine kurze Bewegung der beiden Greifbacken voneinander weg oder aufeinander zu, wird die Rippe entweder lokal gedehnt oder gestaucht. Durch wiederholte Anwendung entlang der Längserstreckung der Rippe können kontinuierliche konvexe oder konkave Krümmungen erzeugt werde. Die Krümmung kann durch den Zangenhub und die Anzahl der Wiederholungen dieser Anwendungen beeinflußt werden.Forming processes of the type described in the introduction have long been used in the aerospace industry for the curvature of large-area components, for example of wings or fuselage shells. Abrasives with a particle diameter of up to 2 - 4 mm are mainly used for forming structural components. While the abrasive is used for large-area processing of the components with the help of centrifugal wheels, hand blasting systems are used for the localized forming. These hand blasting machines are also used to bend ribs. In order to be able to deliberately deform the usually flat ribs on the basis of the beam geometry and the beam diameter, the ribs to be machined are partially covered with a mask, so that the desired expansion gradient is achieved in the rib regions to be reshaped. Rubber or another shock-absorbing material is used to cover the non-pressurized surface sections of the ribs. Covering the ribs requires a great deal of effort, especially if several masks have to be made. As an alternative to the previously described shot peening process, the so-called tong process (Eckhold process) is known from the prior art. In this method, pliers with a kind of clamp grip grips the rib with two spaced gripping jaws at two adjacent locations. By a short movement of the two gripping jaws away from or towards each other, the rib is either locally stretched or compressed. Continuous convex or concave curvatures can be created by repeated use along the length of the rib. The curvature can be affected by the pincer stroke and the number of repetitions of these applications.
Auch wenn derartige Zangenverfahren automatisierbar sind, ist es als Nachteil anzusehen, daß aufgrund der geringen Dehnungen pro Zangenhub der Umformvorgang eine sehr große Zeit erfordert. Trotz der grundsätzlich möglichen Automation erfordert die Durchführung dieser Zangenverfahren vom Bediener viel Erfahrung, insbesondere wegen der Knickgefahr und des Rückfederungsverhaltens der Rippen.Even if such pliers processes can be automated, it is to be regarded as a disadvantage that the forming process requires a very long time due to the small expansions per pliers stroke. Despite the fundamentally possible automation, the implementation of these pliers processes requires a lot of experience from the operator, especially because of the risk of buckling and the springback behavior of the ribs.
Allgemein bekannt sind ferner auch sogenannte Kriechumformverfahren (Age creep forming) für Strukturbauteile. Das Bauteil wird in diesem Fall durch spanende, insbesondere durch Fräsbearbeitung zunächst in einer ebenen Gestalt hergestellt. Anschließend wird das Bauteil in eine Form eingelegt, die die Außenkonturen des fertigen Bauteils aufweist. Unter Einfluß von Druck und Temperatur wird das Bauteil an die Form angepaßt. Dieser Umformungsprozeß dauert in der Regel mehrere Stunden. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß für jede Geometrie spezielle Formen angefertigt werden müssen. Außerdem ist es erforderlich, die Parameter, Temperatur, Druck und Zeit für jedes Bauteil separat zu ermitteln. Außerdem scheidet die Anwendung des Kriechumformverfahrens für Werkstoffe aus, die für die dabei vorgenommene Wärmebehandlung nicht geeignet sind. Eine weitere Schwierigkeit besteht darin, das Bauteil in der Form um ein gewisses Maß zu überdehnen, um die Rückfederung nach Entfernung des Bauteils aus der Form zu kompensieren, damit die exakte gewünschte Bauteilgeometrie vorliegt.So-called age creep forming processes for structural components are also generally known. In this case, the component is first produced in a flat shape by machining, in particular by milling. The component is then placed in a mold that has the outer contours of the finished component. The component is adapted to the shape under the influence of pressure and temperature. This process usually takes several hours. Another disadvantage is that special shapes have to be made for each geometry. It is also necessary to determine the parameters, temperature, pressure and time for each component separately. In addition, the use of the creep forming process is ruled out for materials that are not suitable for the heat treatment carried out. Another difficulty is to overstretch the component in the mold to a certain extent in order to compensate for the springback after the component has been removed from the mold, so that the exact desired component geometry is present.
Zum Stand der Technik zählt außerdem das aus der US 4,329,862 bekannte Verfahren zur Kugelstrahlumformung von plattenformigen Bauteilen, insbesondere von Tragflügelstrukturen. Dabei ist jedoch nicht vorgesehen, daß die mit Strahlmittel zu beaufschlagenden Tragflügelbauteile durch Rippen verstärkt sind. Die vorgenannte US- Patentschrift lehrt vielmehr, das Bauteil in einem ersten Schritt durch eine beidseitige Strahlmittelbeaufschlagung zu strecken und anschließend durch eine lediglich einseitige Strahlmittelbeaufschlagung in eine andere Richtung zu krümmen. Schließlich besteht eine in der Praxis angewandte Methode zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen darin, diese mit Hilfe moderner CNC-Fräsmaschinen aus Vollmaterial zu fräsen. Abgesehen von dem erheblichen Materialaufwand ist dies lediglich bei schwach gekrümmten Strukturen möglich. Der Kostenaufwand für das in großer Dicke bereitzustellende Rohmaterial ist erheblich. Daher ist dieses Verfahren - insbesondere für großflächige Bauteile - nur in sehr wenigen Fällen wirtschaftlich einsetzbar. Außerdem resultieren auch aus der spanenden Bearbeitung starke Rückfederungseffekte im fertigen Bauteil, die dessen Maßhaltigkeit beeinträchtigen.The prior art also includes the process known from US Pat. No. 4,329,862 for the shot peening of plate-shaped components, in particular of wing structures. However, it is not provided that the wing components to be blasted are reinforced by ribs. Rather, the aforementioned US patent teaches to stretch the component in a first step by applying blasting agent on both sides and then to bend it in another direction by applying blasting agent on one side only. After all, one of the methods used in practice for reshaping structural components is to mill them from solid material using modern CNC milling machines. Apart from the considerable expenditure of material, this is only possible with slightly curved structures. The cost of the raw material to be made available in large thickness is considerable. Therefore, this method - especially for large components - can only be used economically in very few cases. In addition, machining results in strong springback effects in the finished component, which impair its dimensional accuracy.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen vorzuschlagen, mit dem sich auf zuverlässige und kostengünstige Weise unterschiedlichste Geometrien an den fertig bearbeiteten Bauteilen realisieren lassen.The invention is based on the object of proposing a method for reshaping structural components with which the most varied of geometries can be implemented on the finished components in a reliable and cost-effective manner.
Ausgehend von dem Umformverfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß auf gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten jeweils einer Rippe angeordnete, sich gegenüberliegende Oberflächenbereiche der Rippen gleichzeitig mit Partikeln des Strahlmittels beaufschlagt werden.Starting from the forming process of the type described in the introduction, this object is achieved according to the invention in that particles of the blasting agent are simultaneously applied to opposing surface regions of the ribs on opposite longitudinal sides.
Da die beaufschlagten Oberflächenbereiche sich direkt gegenüber liegen, wird eine Verwerfung bzw. ein Verzug der Rippe in Richtung quer zu ihrer Längserstreckung sicher verhindert. Ein derartiger Verzug ist insbesondere dann zu befürchten wenn eine Rippe - wie beim Handstrahlverfahren nach dem Stand der Technik - lediglich einseitig mit Strahlmittel beaufschlagt wird. Zum anderen wird durch das gleichzeitig von beiden Seiten her auf die Rippenoberfläche auftreffende Strahlmittel die Wirksamkeit jedes einzelnen Partikeltreffers erhöht. Die Energieverluste durch elastische Materialverformungen sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren minimiert. Je nach dem, in welcher Höhe der Rippe - bezogen auf den Grundkörper - die beidseitige Strahlmittelbeaufschlagung gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfolgt, lassen sich sowohl konvexe als auch konkaveSince the exposed surface areas lie directly opposite one another, warping or warping of the rib in the direction transverse to its longitudinal extent is reliably prevented. Such a delay is particularly to be feared if a rib - as in the case of the hand blasting method according to the prior art - is only exposed to blasting agent on one side. On the other hand, the effectiveness of each individual particle hit is increased by the blasting agent hitting the fin surface from both sides. The energy losses due to elastic material deformations are minimized in the method according to the invention. Depending on the height of the rib - based on the base body - the blasting agent is applied on both sides according to the inventive method, both convex and concave can be
Krümmungen des so behandelten Strukturbauteils erzielen. Die Stärke des Krümmungsradius wird dabei durch die Größe und Geschwindigkeit der Partikel des Strahlmittels sowie die Dauer der Strahlbehandlung beein-flußt. Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß die Umformung von Strukturbauteilen ausschließlich durch Beaufschlagung der Rippen erfolgen kann, so daß auf eine zusätzliche Behandlung desAchieve curvatures in the structural component treated in this way. The strength of the radius of curvature is influenced by the size and speed of the particles of the blasting medium and the duration of the blasting treatment. A particular advantage of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the shaping of structural components can only be carried out by acting on the ribs, so that an additional treatment of the
Grundkörpers verzichtet werden kann. Eine Automatisierung des vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens ist gleichfalls möglich, insbesondere wenn die Geometrie des behandelten Strukturbauteils Online gemessen und in einer Regelstrategie zur Steuerung des Verfahrens einbezogen wird. Nach einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann entweder ein an einen Rippenfuß angrenzender Längsstreifen der Rippe oder ein an einen Rippenkopf angrenzender Längsstreifen der Rippe mit Partikeln des Strahlmittels beaufschlagt werden, wobei die Breite der Längsstreifen maximal der Höhe der Rippen entsprechen kann.Base body can be dispensed with. Automation of the proposed method is also possible, in particular if the geometry of the structural component being treated is measured online and is included in a control strategy for controlling the method. According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, either a longitudinal strip of the rib adjacent to a rib base or a longitudinal strip of the rib adjacent to a rib head can be exposed to particles of the abrasive, wherein the width of the longitudinal strips can correspond at most to the height of the ribs.
Im vorstehend zuerst genannten Fall werden die Längs- und/oder Querrippen des Bauteils im Fußbereich durch die Strahlmittelbeaufschlagung verlängert. Hieraus ergibt sich eine konkave Krümmung des Bauteils, wobei der Begriff konkav auf die mit den Rippen versehene Seite des plattenformigen Grundkörpers bezogen ist.In the first case mentioned above, the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs of the component in the foot area are lengthened by the blasting agent application. This results in a concave curvature of the component, the term concave referring to the side of the plate-shaped base body provided with the ribs.
Im alternativen Fall wird eine konvexe Krümmung des Bauteils durch eine Verlängerung der Längs- und/oder Querrippen im Kopfbereich, d. h. in der Nähe ihrer Längsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseite, erzielt.In the alternative case, a convex curvature of the component is caused by an extension of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs in the head region, i.e. H. in the vicinity of their longitudinal end face.
Wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei Strukturbauteilen mit einer Kassettenstruktur, d. h. mit sich kreuzenden Längs- und Querrippen, angewendet, so lassen sich sowohl einachsige als auch mehrachsige Bauteilkrümmungen und Abwicklungen erzeugen. Werden beispielsweise die Längsrippen im Fußbereich verlängert, wohingegen die Querrippen im Kopfbereich verlängert werden, ergibt sich eine Kombination aus konkaver und konvexer Krümmung des Bauteils, wodurch eine sattelförmige Geometrie erzeugt wird. Bei Bauteilen die lediglich Längs- oder Querrippen aufweisen, läßt sich eine sattelförmige Struktur dadurch erzielen, daß eine Krümmung quer zur Längsrichtung der Rippen durch eine Strahlmittelbehandlung des Grundkörpers in der nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten (einseitigen) Weise durchgeführt wird.If the method according to the invention is used for structural components with a cassette structure, i. H. With intersecting longitudinal and transverse ribs, both single-axis and multi-axis component curvatures and developments can be created. If, for example, the longitudinal ribs in the foot area are lengthened, whereas the transverse ribs in the head area are lengthened, a combination of concave and convex curvature of the component results, which creates a saddle-shaped geometry. In the case of components which have only longitudinal or transverse ribs, a saddle-shaped structure can be achieved in that a curvature transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ribs is carried out by blasting agent treatment of the base body in the (one-sided) manner known from the prior art.
Die Erfindung weiter ausgestaltend wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Partikel des Strahlmittels einen mittleren Durchmesser von mehr als 4 mm aufweisen. Hierdurch lassen sich auch Strukturbauteile mit dickwandigen Rippen zuverlässig umformen. Großpartikel, insbesondere Großkugeln mit einem Durchmesser von mehr als 4 mm, ermöglichen eine Durchdringung der Rippe bis in eine große Tiefe.Developing the invention further, it is proposed that the particles of the blasting agent have an average diameter of more than 4 mm. This means that structural components with thick-walled ribs can also be reliably formed. Large particles, in particular large balls with a diameter of more than 4 mm, allow the rib to penetrate to a great depth.
Eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß die Partikel des Strahlmittels aus gegenüberliegenden, aufeinander zugerichteten Düsen einer Strahlvorrichtung austreten, die in Längsrichtung und in Hochrichtung der Rippen verfahren wird. Hierdurch wird eine Automatisierung bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie die Verwirklichung verschiedenster Geometrien ermöglicht. Des weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, die Düsen synchron in die selbe Richtung und mit derselben Geschwindigkeit zu verfahren. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, daß auch bei einer fortlaufenden Verlagerung des Behandlungsortes stets sich gegenüberliegende Oberflächenbereiche der Rippe beaufschlagt werden.A further development of the method according to the invention consists in that the particles of the blasting agent emerge from opposing, directed nozzles of a blasting device which is moved in the longitudinal direction and in the vertical direction of the ribs. This enables automation in the implementation of the method and the implementation of a wide variety of geometries. Furthermore, it is advantageous to move the nozzles synchronously in the same direction and at the same speed. This ensures that opposing surface areas of the rib are always acted upon even when the treatment site is continuously shifted.
Eine Vorrichtung zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen, insbesondere solchen zurA device for reshaping structural components, in particular for
Verwendung in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, wobei die Strukturbauteile einen plattenformigen Grundkörper und rechtwinklig davon ausgehende, einstückig mit dem Grundkörper verbundene, langgestreckte und ungefähr parallel zueinander verlaufende Rippen besitzen, ermöglicht die Beaufschlagung von Oberflächenbereichen des Strukturbauteils mit Partikeln eines mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auftreffenden Strahlmittels, wodurch eine plastischeUse in aerospace, the structural components having a plate-shaped base body and elongated ribs extending at right angles from it, integrally connected to the base body and extending approximately parallel to one another, enables particles of an abrasive impinging at high speed to be applied to surface areas of the structural component, making a plastic
Materialverformung bewirkt wird, und ist erfindungsgemäß durch mindestens zwei Düsen für einen gerichteten Austritt jeweils eines Partikelstrahls gekennzeichnet, wobei die beiden Partikelstrahlen aufeinander zugerichtet sind und die Düsen einen größeren Abstand voneinander aufweisen als die Dicke der Rippe. Vorzugsweise sind die Düsen in Zwischenräume zwischen benachbarten Rippen plazierbar, wodurch es möglich ist, die Partikelstrahlen unter einem Winkel von ca. 90° auf die Rippenoberfläche zu richten.Material deformation is effected, and according to the invention is characterized by at least two nozzles for a directed exit of one particle beam each, the two particle beams being directed towards one another and the nozzles being at a greater distance from one another than the thickness of the rib. The nozzles can preferably be placed in spaces between adjacent ribs, which makes it possible to direct the particle beams onto the rib surface at an angle of approximately 90 °.
Mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung läßt sich das zuvor beschriebenen Umformverfahren mit vergleichsweise einfachen Mitteln ausführen. Durch die feste Zuordnung der beiden Düsen bzw. der Austrittsrichtungen der Partikelstrahlen zueinander ist stets sichergestellt, daß sich gegenüberliegende Oberflächenbereiche der Rippe beaufschlagt werden. Wenn die Düsen in Zwischenräumen zwischen benachbarten Rippen plazierbar sind, ist eine senkrechte Auftreffrichtung der Partikel auf die zu bearbeitenden Oberflächenbereiche möglich.With such a device, the previously described forming process can be carried out with comparatively simple means. The fixed assignment of the two nozzles or the exit directions of the particle jets to one another always ensures that opposing surface regions of the rib are acted upon. If the nozzles can be placed in spaces between adjacent ribs, a perpendicular direction of impact of the particles on the surface areas to be processed is possible.
Schließlich ist gemäß der Erfindung noch vorgesehen, daß die Düsen gemeinsam in Längsrichtung und Hochrichtung der Rippen verfahrbar sind, wodurch sich auch bei großen Bauteilen an unterschiedlichsten Stellen der Rippen Umformungen durchführen lassen. Es lassen sich somit eine Vielzahl von möglichen geometrischen Umformungen an dem umzuformenden Bauteil realisieren.Finally, according to the invention it is also provided that the nozzles can be moved together in the longitudinal direction and in the vertical direction of the ribs, as a result of which reshaping can also be carried out at large parts of the ribs in the case of large components. A large number of possible geometrical reshapings can thus be implemented on the component to be reshaped.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung die in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist, näher erläutert. Es zeigt:The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment of a device which is shown in the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 Eine Vorrichtung zum Umformen eines Strukturbauteils mit zwei aufeinander zugerichteten Düsen; Fig. 2a eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausschnitts eines Strukturbauteils;1 shows a device for shaping a structural component with two nozzles directed towards one another; 2a shows a perspective view of a section of a structural component;
Fig. 2b eine Seitenansicht des Bauteils gemäß Figur 2a;2b shows a side view of the component according to FIG. 2a;
Fig. 2 c wie Figur 2 b, jedoch nach Herstellung einer konvexen Krümmung;2 c as in FIG. 2 b, but after producing a convex curvature;
Fig. 3 aFig. 3 a
bis 3c wie Figuren 2 a - 2 c, jedoch zur Herstellung einer konkaven Krümmung;to 3c like FIGS. 2a-2c, but for producing a concave curvature;
Fig. 4 die Dehnungsverteilung in einer Rippe bei konvexer Krümmung;4 shows the distribution of elongation in a rib with a convex curvature;
Fig. 5 wie Figur 4, jedoch bei konkaver Krümmung.Fig. 5 as Figure 4, but with concave curvature.
Figur 1 zeigt von einer Vorrichtung zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen lediglich zwei Düsen la und lb, aus deren Vorderseite 2 a bzw. 2b jeweils ein sich leicht konisch erweiternder Strahl 3a/ 3b eines partikelförmigen Strahlmittels austritt. Die Partikel des Strahlmittels besitzen eine Kugelform und weisen einen Durchmesser von mehr als 4 mm (beispielsweise 6 mm) auf. Die Zuführung des Strahlmittels zu den Düsen 1 a und 1 b sowie die weiteren Komponenten der Strahlvorrichtung sind allgemein bekannt und daher nicht näher dargestellt.FIG. 1 shows only two nozzles la and lb of a device for reshaping structural components, from the front 2 a and 2 b of which a slightly conically expanding jet 3a / 3b of a particulate blasting agent emerges. The particles of the abrasive have a spherical shape and have a diameter of more than 4 mm (for example 6 mm). The supply of the blasting agent to the nozzles 1 a and 1 b and the other components of the blasting device are generally known and are therefore not shown in detail.
Mit der teilweise dargestellten Umformvorrichtung wird ein Strukturbauteil 4 aus einem metallischen Material umgeformt. Dieses Strukturbauteil 4 besteht aus einem plattenformigen, lediglich abschnittsweise dargestellten Grundkörper 5 und einer Mehrzahl von rechtwinklig davon ausgehenden, einstückig mit dem Grundkörper 5 verbundenen Rippen 6, von denen der Übersichtlichkeit halber nur eine einzige abschnittsweise dargestellt ist. Die Rippen 6 verlaufen bei dem bearbeiteten Bauteil parallel und äquidistant in einem solchen Abstand zueinander, daß die Düsen la und lb einschließlich der zugehörigen Zuführeinrichtung in den Zwischenräumen zwischen benachbarten Rippen 6 positionierbar sind. Der Abstand A zwischen den Düsen la, lb ist derart bemessen, daß die zu behandelnde Rippe 6 mit der Dicke D dazwischen anzuordnen ist und gleichzeitig noch genügend Raum zwischen den Düsen la, lb und den Rippenoberflächen verbleibt, um einen störungsfreien Abfluß des Strahlmittels zu gewährleisten. In Figur 1 ist der Fall bei senkrecht zur Rippe 6 ausgerichteten Düsen la/lb dargestellt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Partikelstrahlen schräg von oben unter einem Winkel abweichend von 90° auf der Rippenoberfläche auftreffen zu lassen. Die Düsen la/lb können dann in einer Ebene oberhalb der Rippenoberseite angeordnet und verfahren werden.A structural component 4 is formed from a metallic material using the partially illustrated forming device. This structural component 4 consists of a plate-shaped base body 5, which is only shown in sections, and a plurality of ribs 6, which extend at right angles therefrom and are integrally connected to the base body 5, of which only a single section is shown for the sake of clarity. In the machined component, the ribs 6 run parallel and equidistantly at a distance from one another such that the nozzles 1 a and 1 b, including the associated feed device, can be positioned in the spaces between adjacent ribs 6. The distance A between the nozzles la, lb is dimensioned such that the rib 6 to be treated with the thickness D is to be arranged in between and at the same time there is still sufficient space between the nozzles la, lb and the fin surfaces in order to ensure a trouble-free discharge of the blasting medium , FIG. 1 shows the case with nozzles 1a / 1b oriented perpendicular to the rib 6. However, it is also possible for the particle beams to strike the fin surface obliquely from above at an angle deviating from 90 °. The nozzles la / lb can then be arranged and moved in a plane above the top of the ribs.
Die gemeinsame Längsachse 7 beider Düsen la/ lb, verläuft senkrecht zu den beiden Seitenflächen 8a und 8b der Rippe 6. Somit ist sichergestellt, daß auf den sich gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen 8a und 8b gegenüberliegende und im wesentlichen kongruente Oberflächenbereiche von den Strahlen 3a und 3b beaufschlagt werden. Im Falle gleicher Strahlmittelintensität herrscht somit im Bereich der beaufschlagten Rippenabschnitte ein Kräftegleichgewicht, das eine Knickung oder einseitige Auslenkung der Rippe 6 verhindert.The common longitudinal axis 7 of both nozzles la / lb runs perpendicular to the two side surfaces 8a and 8b of the rib 6. This ensures that opposite and essentially congruent surface areas are acted upon by the jets 3a and 3b on the opposite side surfaces 8a and 8b , If the abrasive intensity is the same, there is a force equilibrium in the area of the applied rib sections, which prevents the rib 6 from bending or being deflected on one side.
Den Figuren 2a und 2b läßt sich ein ausschnittsweise und perspektivisch in einer Seitenansicht dargestelltes Strukturbauteil 4 entnehmen, bei dem ein von einem Rippenkopf 9 ausgehender Längsstreifen 10 der parallel zur Längserstreckung der Rippe 6 verläuft, besonders vorgehoben ist. Dieser Längsstreifen 10, dessen Breite 11 ca. 40 % der Höhe 12 der Rippe 6 ausmacht, wird mit Hilfe der Düse 2b mit Strahlmittel beaufschlagt. Entsprechend wird ein gegenüberliegender in den Figuren nicht sichtbarer Längsstreifen 10b mit gleicher Breite 11 ebenfalls mit Strahlmittel beaufschlagt, und zwar unter Zuhilfenahme der Düse 2a. Die in Figur 1 dargestellten Düsenanordnung ist daher insgesamt, d. h. ohne daß die beiden Düsen 2a/2b ihre Position und Ausrichtung relativ zueinander ändern, in Längsrichtung der Rippe 6 - beispielsweise mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit - verfahrbar.FIGS. 2a and 2b show a structural component 4, shown in detail and in perspective in a side view, in which a longitudinal strip 10 starting from a rib head 9 and running parallel to the longitudinal extension of the rib 6 is particularly emphasized. This longitudinal strip 10, the width 11 of which makes up approximately 40% of the height 12 of the rib 6, is acted on with blasting agent with the aid of the nozzle 2b. Correspondingly, an opposite longitudinal strip 10b (not visible in the figures) with the same width 11 is also exposed to blasting agent, with the aid of the nozzle 2a. The nozzle arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is therefore overall, i. H. without the two nozzles 2a / 2b changing their position and orientation relative to one another, can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the rib 6 - for example at a constant speed.
In Figur 2 c ist dargestellt, welche Form das Strukturbauteil 4 nach einer Strahlmittelbehandlung im Bereich der Längsstreifen 10a und 10b eingenommen hat. Aufgrund der im Bereich des Rippenkopfes 9 eintretenden Materialdehnung, d. h. einer Verlängerung des Bauteils in diesem Bereich, nimmt sowohl die Rippe 6 als auch der einstückig damit verbundene Grundkörper 5 eine konvex gekrümmte Form ein. Trotz der gekrümmten Form liegen die Seitenflächen 8a und 8b der Rippe 6 innerhalb jeweils einer Ebene.FIG. 2 c shows the shape of the structural component 4 after blasting agent treatment in the area of the longitudinal strips 10a and 10b. Due to the material expansion occurring in the area of the rib head 9, i. H. an extension of the component in this area, both the rib 6 and the integrally connected base body 5 assume a convexly curved shape. Despite the curved shape, the side surfaces 8a and 8b of the rib 6 lie within one plane.
Zusätzlich zu der Krümmung in Längsrichtung der Rippe 6 kann das Strukturbauteil 4 durch eine Strahlbehandlung entweder der Unterseite 13 oder der Oberseite 14 des Grundkörpers 5 zusätzlich eine Krümmung senkrecht zur Längserstreckung der Rippen 6 erhalten. Auf diese Weise lassen sich sattelförmige Strukturen erzeugen. Im Fall von Strukturbauteilen mit Kassettenstruktur, d. h. sich kreuzenden Rippen in Längsund Querrichtung des Bauteils läßt sich eine derartige sattelförmige Struktur allein durch Strahlbehandlung der Rippen erzielen. Optional ist jedoch auch hier eine zusätzliche Strahlbehandlung des Grundkörpers möglich.In addition to the curvature in the longitudinal direction of the rib 6, the structural component 4 can also be given a curvature perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the ribs 6 by blasting treatment of either the underside 13 or the top 14 of the base body 5. In this way, saddle-shaped structures can be created. In the case of structural components with a cassette structure, ie ribs crossing each other in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the component, such a saddle-shaped structure can be achieved solely by blasting the ribs. However, an additional blasting treatment of the base body is optionally also possible here.
Die Figuren 3 a bis 3c zeigen den Fall, daß mit Hilfe einer Strahlmittelbehandlung eine konkave Krümmung des Strukturbauteils 4 erzeugt werden soll. Der Längsstreifen 10a' befindet sich in diesem Fall im Bereich des Rippenfußes 15 und schließt sich unmittelbar an die Oberseite 14 des Grundkörpers 5 an.FIGS. 3a to 3c show the case in which a concave curvature of the structural component 4 is to be produced with the aid of an abrasive treatment. In this case, the longitudinal strip 10a 'is located in the region of the rib base 15 and adjoins the top 14 of the base body 5 directly.
Nach erfolgter Strahlmittelbehandlung der sich gegenüber liegenden Längsstreifen 10a' und 10b' nimmt das Strukturbauteil 4 die in Figur 3c gezeigte konkav gekrümmte Form ein. Aufgrund der Dehnung der Rippe 6 in deren Fußbereich wird gleichzeitig das Material des plattenformigen Grundkörpers 5 mitgedehnt. Die Breite 11 der Längsstreifen 10a' und 10b' beträgt wiederum etwa 40% der Höhe 12 des Strukturbauteils 4.After the blasting agent treatment of the longitudinal strips 10a 'and 10b' lying opposite one another, the structural component 4 assumes the concavely curved shape shown in FIG. 3c. Due to the stretching of the rib 6 in its foot region, the material of the plate-shaped base body 5 is also stretched at the same time. The width 11 of the longitudinal strips 10a 'and 10b' is again approximately 40% of the height 12 of the structural component 4.
Den Figuren 4 und 5 läßt sich schließlich noch die Dehnungs Verteilung im Bereich der mit Strahlmittel zu beaufschlagenden Längsstreifen 10a (am Rippenkopf) bzw. 10a' (am Rippenfuß) entnehmen. Während die Dehnung bei dem in Figur 4 dargestellten Fall ausgehend von einer unteren Begrenzungslinie 16 des Randstreifens 10a bis hin zu dem Rippenkopf 9 linear von null auf einen Maximalwert zunimmt, wächst die Dehnung bei dem Strukturbauteil 4 gemäß Figur 5 ebenfalls linear ausgehend von einer oberen Begrenzungslinie 17 des Längsrandstreifens 10a' bis zu dem Rippenfuß 15 am Übergang in den Grundkörper 5, wo ein Maximalwert der Dehnung vorliegt. FIGS. 4 and 5 finally show the expansion distribution in the region of the longitudinal strips 10a (on the fin head) or 10a '(on the fin foot) to be blasted with blasting media. While the elongation in the case shown in FIG. 4 increases linearly from zero to a maximum value starting from a lower boundary line 16 of the edge strip 10a up to the rib head 9, the elongation in the structural component 4 according to FIG. 5 likewise increases linearly starting from an upper boundary line 17 of the longitudinal edge strip 10a 'up to the rib base 15 at the transition into the base body 5, where a maximum value of the stretch is present.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Verfahren zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen, insbesondere solchen zur Verwendung in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, wobei die Strukturbauteile einen plattenformigen Grundkörper und ungefähr rechtwinklig davon ausgehende einstückig mit dem Grundkörper verbundene langgestreckte und ungefähr parallel zueinander verlaufende1. A method for reshaping structural components, in particular those for use in aerospace, the structural components comprising a plate-shaped base body and approximately at right angles therefrom, elongated and approximately parallel to one another connected to the base body
Rippen besitzen, wobei die Umformung durch Partikel eines Strahlmittels erfolgt, die mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf Oberflächenbereiche des Strukturbauteils auftreffen und eine plastische Materialverformung bewirken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten jeweils einer Rippe angeordnete, sich gegenüberliegende Oberflächenbereiche der Rippen gleichzeitig mit Partikeln des Strahlmittels beaufschlagt werden.Have ribs, the reshaping being carried out by particles of an abrasive that hit surface areas of the structural component at high speed and cause plastic material deformation, characterized in that, on opposite longitudinal sides, one opposed surface area of the ribs simultaneously impinges on particles of the abrasive become.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein an einem Rippenfuß angrenzender Längsstreifen der Rippe mit Partikeln des Strahlmittels beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Breite des Längsstreifens maximal der Hälfte der Höhe der Rippe entspricht.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an adjacent to a rib base longitudinal strip of the rib with particles of the blasting agent is applied, the width of the longitudinal strip corresponds to a maximum of half the height of the rib.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein an einen Rippenkopf angrenzender Längsstreifen der Rippe mit Partikeln des Strahlmittels beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Breite des Längsstreifens maximal der Hälfte der Höhe der Rippe entspricht.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an adjacent to a rib head longitudinal strip of the rib with particles of the blasting agent is applied, the width of the longitudinal strip corresponds to a maximum of half the height of the rib.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikel des Strahlmittels einen mittleren Durchmesser von mehr als 4 mm aufweisen.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the particles of the blasting agent have an average diameter of more than 4 mm.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikel des Strahlmittels aus gegenüberliegenden aufeinander zugerichteten Düsen einer Strahl Vorrichtung austreten, die in Längsrichtung und Hochrichtung der Rippen verfahren werden.5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the particles of the blasting agent emerge from oppositely directed nozzles of a blasting device, which are moved in the longitudinal and vertical directions of the ribs.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen synchron in die selbe Richtung mit derselben Geschwindigkeit verfahren werden.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the nozzles are moved synchronously in the same direction at the same speed.
7. Vorrichtung zum Umformen von Strukturbauteilen (4), insbesondere solchen zur Verwendung in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, wobei die Strukturbauteile (4) einen plattenformigen Grundkörper (5) und ungefähr rechtwinklig davon ausgehende, einstückig mit dem Grundkörper (5) verbundene, langgestreckte und ungefähr parallel zueinander verlaufende Rippen (6) besitzen, wobei mittels der Vorrichtung Partikel eines Strahlmittels unter hoher Geschwindigkeit auf Oberflächenbereiche des Strukturbauteils (4) beförderbar sind, wo sie eine plastische Materialverformung bewirken, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens zwei Düsen (la lb) für einen gerichteten Austritt jeweils eines Partikelstrahls (3 a, 3b), wobei die Partikelstrahlen (3 a, 3b) aufeinander zugerichtet sind und die Düsen (la, lb) einen größeren Abstand (A) voneinander aufweisen als die Dicke (D) der Rippen (6).7. Device for reshaping structural components (4), in particular those for use in the aerospace industry, the structural components (4) having a plate-shaped base body (5) and extending approximately at right angles therefrom, integrally connected to the base body (5), elongated and roughly parallel to each other have extending ribs (6), particles of a blasting agent being able to be conveyed at high speed to surface areas of the structural component (4) by means of the device, where they cause plastic material deformation, characterized by at least two nozzles (la lb) for a directed exit of a particle beam in each case (3a, 3b), the particle beams (3a, 3b) being directed towards one another and the nozzles (la, lb) being at a greater distance (A) from one another than the thickness (D) of the ribs (6).
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen (la, lb) in Zwischenräumen zwischen benachbarten Rippen (6) plazierbar sind.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the nozzles (la, lb) can be placed in spaces between adjacent ribs (6).
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen (la, lb) gemeinsam in Längsrichtung und Hochrichtung der Rippen (6) verfahrbar sind. 9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the nozzles (la, lb) are movable together in the longitudinal direction and vertical direction of the ribs (6).
EP01962548A 2000-07-27 2001-07-17 Method and device for shaping structural parts Expired - Lifetime EP1409167B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10037029A DE10037029A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2000-07-27 Method and device for reshaping structural components
DE10037029 2000-07-27
PCT/DE2001/002601 WO2002010332A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2001-07-17 Method and device for shaping structural parts

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EP1409167A1 true EP1409167A1 (en) 2004-04-21
EP1409167B1 EP1409167B1 (en) 2005-03-23

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EP (1) EP1409167B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3795862B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20030022168A (en)
CN (1) CN1302127C (en)
AT (1) ATE291500T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001283770A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0112738B1 (en)
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DE (2) DE10037029A1 (en)
IL (2) IL153336A0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002010332A1 (en)

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DE50105741D1 (en) 2005-04-28
BR0112738B1 (en) 2009-01-13
IL153336A (en) 2006-04-10
DE10037029A1 (en) 2002-02-28
KR20030022168A (en) 2003-03-15
CA2412092A1 (en) 2002-02-07
AU2001283770A1 (en) 2002-02-13
CN1302127C (en) 2007-02-28
JP3795862B2 (en) 2006-07-12
WO2002010332A1 (en) 2002-02-07
JP2004536712A (en) 2004-12-09
US20040025555A1 (en) 2004-02-12
US7181944B2 (en) 2007-02-27
IL153336A0 (en) 2003-07-06
EP1409167B1 (en) 2005-03-23
CN1444663A (en) 2003-09-24
BR0112738A (en) 2003-06-24
CA2412092C (en) 2007-05-08

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