EP1394314B1 - Piston press - Google Patents

Piston press Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1394314B1
EP1394314B1 EP03015920A EP03015920A EP1394314B1 EP 1394314 B1 EP1394314 B1 EP 1394314B1 EP 03015920 A EP03015920 A EP 03015920A EP 03015920 A EP03015920 A EP 03015920A EP 1394314 B1 EP1394314 B1 EP 1394314B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
hydraulic
piston
hydraulic cylinder
ram
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03015920A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1394314A3 (en
EP1394314A2 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Bringewatt
Heinz Engelbert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co filed Critical Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
Publication of EP1394314A2 publication Critical patent/EP1394314A2/en
Publication of EP1394314A3 publication Critical patent/EP1394314A3/en
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Publication of EP1394314B1 publication Critical patent/EP1394314B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F47/00—Apparatus of the press type for expelling water from the linen
    • D06F47/04—Apparatus of the press type for expelling water from the linen by a fluid-actuated ram
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/02—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
    • B30B9/06—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams co-operating with permeable casings or strainers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to piston presses according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Piston presses of the type mentioned here serve to remove liquids from a moist or wet pressed material. Such piston presses are preferably used in laundries in order to dehydrate laundry of all kinds. For this purpose, the laundry coming from a washing machine in the reciprocating press is freed from a large part of the still bound liquid, the so-called bound liquor. The liquid is pressed out of the laundry under high pressure by the reciprocating press and then the laundry, largely freed from the bound liquor, is dried ( US-A-4 615 190 )
  • the piston press has a press frame on which a press ram is attached.
  • the punch has a hydraulic cylinder and a piston plate movable up and down from the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the stamp plate is attached to the free end of an extendable and retractable piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the stamp plate of the press ram After the laundry has been dewatered by a shutdown of the stamp plate, the stamp plate of the press ram is unloaded in an idle stroke.
  • the hydraulic fluid on the piston side of the hydraulic cylinder must flow back into a hydraulic tank.
  • the idle stroke for starting up the stamp plate requires a lot of time, whereby the cycle time of the dewatering process is unnecessarily prolonged.
  • the shutdown of the stamp plate is also partially without contact of the stamp plate with the laundry, so essentially free of load.
  • the hydraulic cylinder When load-free shutdown of the stamp plate, the hydraulic cylinder is operated with a larger flow.
  • the hydraulic pump In time before reaching the laundry, the hydraulic pump is switched to a lower flow rate, whereby the stamper plate is lowered at a comparatively low speed until completion of the drainage.
  • the resulting two-stage lowering speed of the stamp plate still leads to quite high cycle times of each dewatering process.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a reliable working piston press, which has a reduced cycle times compared to known piston presses.
  • a piston press to solve this problem has the features of claim 1.
  • the punch plate of the press ram can always be moved up and down at maximum speed.
  • the speed of movement of the stamp plate is adaptable to the prevailing conditions.
  • the stamp plate can perform idle strokes for booting and unloaded lowering the laundry with the greatest possible speed.
  • such a hydraulic pump is used whose flow rate is variable depending on the load.
  • the hydraulic pump is controlled so that its power is approximately constant, whereby at lower load of the press ram, the hydraulic pump generates a larger flow and thereby the punch plate is moved up and down faster at lower load.
  • the hydraulic cylinder leading hydraulic lines including the terminals are provided with a relatively large cross-section.
  • This is such a cross-section that is larger than the usual, standardized cross-section of the connections and the associated hydraulic lines to the respective hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the stamp plate can be supplied in the unloaded or little loaded state with large volume flows of hydraulic fluid.
  • the flow cross sections of the hydraulic lines and connections for draining hydraulic fluid are relatively large. This allows a large amount of hydraulic fluid to flow away from the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the regulation of the temperature of the hydraulic fluid is preferably carried out by a thermostatic valve. This ensures, if necessary, by heating the hydraulic fluid to ensure that it constantly has a certain minimum temperature. If necessary, the hydraulic fluid can be cooled if it is not to exceed a certain temperature.
  • the respective distance measuring device is associated with a press yoke of the press frame.
  • a reliable, fixed reference point for analog distance measuring device is created. From this fixed reference point, the analog distance measuring device determines the distance between the stamp plate or the press cage and the stamp yoke.
  • the stamp plate itself or arranged on the press basket flag-like projection serves as a reflector for the signals of the analog distance measuring device.
  • the distance measuring device itself serves as transmitter and receiver at the same time.
  • the analog distance measuring device is designed as an acoustic distance measuring device.
  • This is preferably at least one ultrasonic sensor. This determines according to the principle of a "sonar" by ultrasonic waves, the distance of the sensor from a point where the ultrasonic waves impinge. This point acts as a reflector and is assigned to a defined position of the stamp plate or the press basket. The distance between the stamp plate and the cover plate of the socket can be determined from the determined distance. It is also possible to determine whether or not the press basket is supported by its underside on the cover plate of the base.
  • the figures show a piston press 10 for dewatering washed laundry 11.
  • the liquid contained in the washed laundry 11, namely the so-called bound liquor is pressed out to the greatest possible extent by the piston press 10.
  • the piston press 10 has a lower base 12, which has a flat top wall 13 on its upper side.
  • drainage holes 14 are partially arranged. These are through-holes, which are designed to pass liquid, in particular water, through the cover wall 13.
  • a liquid-permeable upper strand of a material at least in the region of the drainage bores 14, can be provided Be arranged conveyor, whereby the laundry 11 is wegtransportierbar after dehydration of the piston press 10.
  • the conveyor may be formed so that the upper strand is drivable in opposite directions, so that the dewatered laundry 11 can be transported away to different, opposite sides of the piston press 10, for example, to different, each in front of a row of several side by side arranged dryers movable conveyors.
  • Each of the preferably also raised and lowered trained on opposite sides of the reciprocating press 10 is used to selectively feed all the dryer a number.
  • a plurality, preferably four, vertical columns 15 are arranged on the base 12 .
  • the upper ends of all pillars 15 are connected by a press yoke 16.
  • the base 12, the pillars 15 and the press yoke 16 essentially form a rigid press frame 17.
  • the press jig 16 preferably carries a center in the middle of a press ram 18.
  • the press ram 18 is formed of a press cylinder 16 attached to the hydraulic cylinder 19, the piston rod 20 is passed down through the press yoke 16.
  • the piston rod 20 has a firmly connected to the same stamp plate 21.
  • the stamp plate 21 is preferably cylindrical and has on the underside a pad body 22 made of an elastically deformable material.
  • the punch plate 21 corresponds to a press basket 23.
  • the preferably cylindrical press basket 23 is open over the entire surface both at the top and at the bottom. With its open underside of the press basket 23 rests during the drainage of the laundry 11 on the top wall 13 of the base 12 and on the upper run of the top wall 13 of the base 12 at least partially overlapping conveyor.
  • the continuous drainage holes 14 in the top wall 13 extend like a grid over at least the area of the circular press basket 23.
  • the press die 18 can be inserted into the press basket 23 from the open upper side with the die plate 21. In this case, the cushion body 22 presses under the die plate 21 on the laundry 11 located in the press basket 23 and dewaters it.
  • the press basket 23 can be raised and lowered by preferably two opposing pressure medium cylinders 24, preferably hydraulic cylinders, of which only one pressure medium cylinder 24 is shown in the figures for the sake of clarity.
  • the Pressure medium cylinder 24 are fixed with their piston parts 25 under the press yoke 16.
  • An up and down movable piston rod 26 of each pressure medium cylinder 24 is hinged to a fixedly connected to a side wall of the press basket 23 support arm 27.
  • the pressure medium cylinders 24 of the press basket 23 can be raised so far that the open bottom of the press cage 23 is so far from the top wall 13 of the base 12 until the dewatered laundry 11 can get out of the press basket 23 and the upper run of the conveyor from the Piston press 10 can be transported away.
  • the press basket 23 is formed in several parts in the piston press 10 shown here. Accordingly, the press basket 23 is composed of a press cage lower part 28 and a press basket upper part 29.
  • the press basket lower part 28 is formed as a thick-walled cylinder with fully open end faces. The lower end face of the press basket lower part 28 rests on the top wall 13 of the base 12.
  • the height of the press cage lower part 28 is designed such that exclusively the water is pressed out of the laundry 11 by the press die 17.
  • the press basket upper part 29 is provided with a jacket body made of thin sheet metal. The two opposite end faces of the press basket upper part 29 are open over the entire surface.
  • the upper part of the press basket 29 rests on the lower part of the press basket 28, wherein the inner diameter of the upper part of the press basket 29 either corresponds to the inner diameter of the lower part of the press basket 28 or is slightly larger.
  • the inner diameter of the basket bottom part 28 and the upper edge of the press basket 29 are slightly larger than the outer diameter of the punch plate 20 of the ram 17.
  • the upper region of the press basket upper part 29 is in the illustrated embodiment ( Fig. 1 ) dimensioned slightly larger than the lower part of the press basket upper part 29 by on one side, namely on the left side of the Fig. 1 , the upper part of the press basket upper part 29 has a laterally widening.
  • This expansion corresponds to one in the Fig. 1 only schematically illustrated loading chute 30.
  • the loading chute 30 is the laundry to be dehydrated hinein makeuper at harnessem ram 17 in the press cage.
  • the press basket upper part 29 essentially serves only to guide the laundry 11, so that it reaches the press basket lower part 28 in a targeted manner, in which only the subsequent dewatering of the laundry 11 takes place.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 19 of the ram 18 is supplied on its piston side 31 via a hydraulic line 32 with hydraulic oil. This is done by a hydraulic pump 33.
  • the hydraulic line 32 is provided with a relatively large inner diameter.
  • the connections of the hydraulic line 32 to the hydraulic cylinder 19 are dimensioned so that they have a relatively large free cross section, which preferably corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the hydraulic line 32.
  • the inner diameter of the hydraulic line 32 and the free flow cross-sections of the connections are dimensioned so that they are significantly larger than conventional connections and hydraulic lines.
  • the inner diameter of the hydraulic lines 32 and the free control cross section of the connections 20 to 40%, in particular 25 to 30% of the piston diameter of the hydraulic cylinder 19.
  • the piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 has because of the guided therein and in diameter relatively large ( Fig. 2 Therefore, the hydraulic line leading to the piston rod side 34 (not shown) and their connections in the inner diameter are smaller than the hydraulic line 32 are dimensioned.
  • the diameter of the hydraulic line, not shown on the piston rod side 34 but nevertheless according to the invention significantly larger.
  • the piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 can be supplied with a relatively large hydraulic oil flow.
  • the hydraulic pump 33 is particularly designed according to the invention.
  • the hydraulic pump 33 is one whose hydraulic oil delivery flow is infinitely variable.
  • the hydraulic pump 33 is adjustable so that its power remains constant.
  • the flow rate that is to say the quantity of hydraulic oil flow delivered by the hydraulic pump 33 per unit time
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil per unit time increases and, as a result, the plunger 18 moves up and down faster with the platen 21.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil per unit time is reduced by the constant regulated power of the hydraulic pump 33 at a constant pressure.
  • the pressing force required for effective dewatering can be exerted on the laundry 11 by the stamp plate 21 with the cushion body 22 fixed thereunder, by moving the press ram 18 more slowly downward to dehydrate the laundry 11.
  • the preferably also designed as a hydraulic cylinder pressure cylinder 24 for moving up and down of the press cage 23 are preferably also supplied by hydraulic pump 33 with hydraulic oil. It is also conceivable, however, to use a separate hydraulic pump for this purpose, which is in particular also a hydraulic pump 33 with a continuously variable flow rate and a constant power control. Also, not shown on the hydraulic connections the piston side and on the piston rod side of the pressure cylinder designed as a hydraulic cylinder 24 are larger in diameter than conventional hydraulic lines, which as well as the hydraulic cylinder 19 and the pressure cylinder 24 for raising and lowering the press cage 23 are relatively quickly on and extendable.
  • the hydraulic oil for supplying the hydraulic cylinder 19 and optionally also the pressure medium cylinder 24 is preferably provided with a temperature control. This ensures that the hydraulic oil, which is conveyed by the hydraulic pump 33, always has a minimum temperature, that is not colder than intended.
  • the regulation of the hydraulic oil temperature is preferably carried out by a thermostatic valve. So that a certain minimum temperature is not exceeded, the thermostatic valve regulates any heating of the hydraulic oil which may become necessary. It is also conceivable to provide a control of the maximum temperature of the hydraulic oil, so that the overheating of the hydraulic oil can be avoided.
  • the thermostatic valve is then used alternatively to cause heating or cooling of the hydraulic oil when the temperature of the hydraulic oil exceeds a maximum value (cooling) or falls below a minimum value (heating).
  • the base 12 of the piston press 10 is designed as a frame tank 35, in which at least one storage container 36 is integrated.
  • the Indian Fig. 1 schematically illustrated frame tank 35 has in the region between the columns 15 on a cavity which forms the storage container 36.
  • the cavity is disposed between the top wall 13 and a bottom wall 37 of the base 12 spaced therefrom.
  • the storage tank 36 is located completely in the area below the drainage hole 14 of the top wall 13.
  • the storage tank 36 is provided with support profiles 38 for reasons of stability.
  • the support profiles 38 are located between the top wall 13 and the bottom wall 37 and both support frame-like against each other.
  • Transverse through holes 39 in the support profiles 38 make them liquid permeable, so that in spite of the support profiles 38 a contiguous storage container 36 is located below the drainage hole 14 in the top wall 13 itself. If necessary, it is conceivable to form some support profiles 38 impermeable to water, so that a plurality of small storage container 36 arise, which can be filled and emptied as needed.
  • the individual storage containers 36 may be connected to one another by pipelines and / or valves such that, if required, a liquid exchange between the individual storage containers 36 can take place.
  • the analog distance measuring device has an acoustic sensor element, which is designed as an ultrasonic sensor 40 in the embodiment shown. This is fixedly mounted under the press yoke 16, in such a way that an acoustic measurement signal, namely sound waves emitted by the ultrasonic sensor 40, strike an upper side of the stamp plate 21. The sound waves are reflected here and received by the ultrasonic sensor 40 again.
  • the distance between the top side of the stamp plate 21 and the ultrasonic sensor 40 at the underside of the press yoke 16 is continuously determined. From this, due to the known structural dimensions of the piston press 10, the distance of the underside of the punch plate 21 and the pad body 22 secured therebelow to the press basket 23, in particular the top wall 13 of the base 12, whereupon the press basket 23 rests, determine. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable to provide an ultrasonic sensor 40 under the press yoke 16 or on the underside of the stamp plate 21, whereby the distance between the stamp plate 21 and the cushion body 22 to the top of the heap of laundry 11 in the press basket 23 can be determined. The press ram 18 can then be driven selectively and at high speed to the laundry 11.
  • At least one further ultrasonic sensor or another acoustic distance measuring device is mounted on the underside of the press yoke 16 in order to determine the position of the press basket 23.
  • This ultrasonic sensor is mounted under the press yoke 16 in such a way that its signal, namely its sound waves, strike either the support arm 27 on the press basket 23 or a separate reflection means projecting outwards relative to the press basket 23. Based on the reflected back sound waves then the distance of the support arm 27 or the separate reflector on the press cage 23 to the ultrasonic sensor on the underside of the press yoke 16 can be determined.
  • this ultrasonic sensor it can thus be ascertained whether the press basket 23 stands on the top wall 13 of the base 12 and can be filled with laundry 11 to be drained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Accessory Of Washing/Drying Machine, Commercial Washing/Drying Machine, Other Washing/Drying Machine (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

The press (10) has a hydraulic pump feeding fluid to a hydraulic cylinder (19) with a piston rod (20) pushing down on a plate (21) with a flexible bolster (22). The bolster may consist of a bag filled with fluid and fits into a large diameter cylinder (23) containing the wet clothes (11). The clothes rest on a foundation plate (13) with perforations (14) for release of water. An ultrasonic distance sensor (40) on the fixed yoke of the press monitors the position of the piston, and there may be a thermostat keeping the temperature of the hydraulic fluid for the press above a given minimum.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Kolbenpressen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to piston presses according to the preamble of claim 1.

Kolbenpressen der hier angesprochenen Art dienen dazu, Flüssigkeiten aus einem feuchten oder nassen Pressgut zu entfernen. Bevorzugt finden solche Kolbenpressen in Wäschereien Verwendung, um Wäsche aller Art zu entwässern. Dazu wird die aus einer Waschmaschine kommende Wäsche in der Kolbenpresse von einem Großteil der darin noch gebundenen Flüssigkeit, der sogenannten gebundenen Flotte, befreit. Die Flüssigkeit wird von der Kolbenpresse unter hohem Druck aus der Wäsche herausgepresst und anschließend die so Größtenteils von der gebundenen Flotte befreite Wäsche getrocknet ( US-A- 4 615 190 ),Piston presses of the type mentioned here serve to remove liquids from a moist or wet pressed material. Such piston presses are preferably used in laundries in order to dehydrate laundry of all kinds. For this purpose, the laundry coming from a washing machine in the reciprocating press is freed from a large part of the still bound liquid, the so-called bound liquor. The liquid is pressed out of the laundry under high pressure by the reciprocating press and then the laundry, largely freed from the bound liquor, is dried ( US-A-4 615 190 )

Die Kolbenpresse weist ein Pressengestell auf, an dem ein Pressstempel befestigt ist. Der Pressstempel verfügt über einen Hydraulikzylinder und eine vom Hydraulikzylinder aufund abbewegbare Stempelplatte. Die Stempelplatte ist dazu am freien Ende einer einund ausfahrbaren Kolbenstange des Hydraulikzylinders befestigt.The piston press has a press frame on which a press ram is attached. The punch has a hydraulic cylinder and a piston plate movable up and down from the hydraulic cylinder. The stamp plate is attached to the free end of an extendable and retractable piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

Nachdem durch einen Herunterfahren der Stempelplatte die Wäsche entwässert worden ist, wird die Stempelplatte des Pressstempels unbelastet in einem Leerhub hochgefahren.
Dabei muss die auf der Kolbenseite des Hydraulikzylinders sich befindende Hydraulikflüssigkeit in einen Hydrauliktank zurückströmen. Dadurch erfordert bei bekannten Kolbenpressen der Leerhub zum Hochfahren der Stempelplatte viel Zeit, wodurch die Taktzeit des Entwässerungsvorgangs unnötig verlängert wird.After the laundry has been dewatered by a shutdown of the stamp plate, the stamp plate of the press ram is unloaded in an idle stroke.
The hydraulic fluid on the piston side of the hydraulic cylinder must flow back into a hydraulic tank. As a result, in known piston presses the idle stroke for starting up the stamp plate requires a lot of time, whereby the cycle time of the dewatering process is unnecessarily prolonged.

Auch das Herunterfahren der Stempelplatte erfolgt teilweise ohne einen Kontakt der Stempelplatte mit der Wäsche, also im Wesentlichen lastfrei. Um die Zeit des lastfreien Herunterfahren der Stempelplatte zu reduzieren, ist es bei bekannten Kolbenpressen bekannt, Hydraulikpumpen mit zwei unterschiedlichen Förderströmen zu verwenden. Beim lastfreien Herunterfahren der Stempelplatte wird der Hydraulikzylinder mit einem größeren Förderstrom betrieben. Rechtzeitig vor dem Erreichen der Wäsche wird die Hydraulikpumpe umgeschaltet auf einen geringeren Förderstrom, wodurch die Stempelplatte bis zum Abschluss der Entwässerung mit einer vergleichsweise geringe Geschwindigkeit abgesenkt wird. Die dadurch zustande kommende zweistufige Absenkgeschwindigkeit der Stempelplatte führt immer noch zu recht hohen Taktzeiten jedes Entwässerungsvorgangs.The shutdown of the stamp plate is also partially without contact of the stamp plate with the laundry, so essentially free of load. In order to reduce the time of load-free shutdown of the stamp plate, it is known in known piston presses to use hydraulic pumps with two different flow rates. When load-free shutdown of the stamp plate, the hydraulic cylinder is operated with a larger flow. In time before reaching the laundry, the hydraulic pump is switched to a lower flow rate, whereby the stamper plate is lowered at a comparatively low speed until completion of the drainage. The resulting two-stage lowering speed of the stamp plate still leads to quite high cycle times of each dewatering process.

Ausgehend vom Vorstehenden liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrund, eine zuverlässig arbeitende Kolbenpresse zu schaffen, die eine im Vergleich zu bekannten Kolbenpressen verringerte Taktzeiten aufweist.Based on the above, the present invention seeks to provide a reliable working piston press, which has a reduced cycle times compared to known piston presses.

Eine Kolbenpresse zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 auf. Durch die Verwendung einer Hydraulikpumpe mit stufenlos verstellbarem Förderstrom kann die Stempelplatte des Pressstempels stets mit maximaler Geschwindigkeit auf- und abgefahren werden. Die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Stempelplatte ist so an die jeweils vorherrschenden Bedingungen anpassbar. Dadurch lassen sich kürzest mögliche Taktzeiten realisieren. Insbesondere kann die Stempelplatte Leerhübe zum Hochfahren und zum unbelasteten Absenken auf die Wäsche mit größtmöglicher Geschwindigkeit ausführen.A piston press to solve this problem has the features of claim 1. By using a hydraulic pump with infinitely variable flow rate, the punch plate of the press ram can always be moved up and down at maximum speed. The speed of movement of the stamp plate is adaptable to the prevailing conditions. As a result, the shortest possible cycle times can be realized. In particular, the stamp plate can perform idle strokes for booting and unloaded lowering the laundry with the greatest possible speed.

Vorzugsweise wird eine solche Hydraulikpumpe verwendet, deren Förderstrom in Abhängigkeit von der Belastung veränderlich ist. Insbesondere wird die Hydraulikpumpe so geregelt, dass ihre Leistung etwa annähernd konstant ist, wodurch bei geringerer Belastung des Presstempels die Hydraulikpumpe einen größeren Förderstrom erzeugt und dadurch die Stempelplatte bei geringerer Belastung schneller auf- und abbewegt wird.Preferably, such a hydraulic pump is used whose flow rate is variable depending on the load. In particular, the hydraulic pump is controlled so that its power is approximately constant, whereby at lower load of the press ram, the hydraulic pump generates a larger flow and thereby the punch plate is moved up and down faster at lower load.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung der zuvor beschriebenen Kolbenpresse sieht vor, dass mindestens zur Kolbenseite, vorzugsweise auch der Kolbenstangenseite, des Hydraulikzylinders führende Hydraulikleitungen einschließlich der Anschlüsse mit einem verhältnismäßig großem Querschnitt versehen sind. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen solchen Querschnitt, der größer ist als der übliche, genormte Querschnitt der Anschlüsse und der dazu gehörenden Hydraulikleitungen zum jeweiligen Hydraulikzylinder. Dadurch werden verhältnismäßig große Strömungswege für die zu den Hydraulikzylindern strömende Hydraulikflüssigkeit und auch die abströmende Hydraulikflüssigkeit geschaffen. Insbesondere der Hydraulikzylinder zum Hochfahren und Herunterfahren der Stempelplatte kann so im unbelasteten oder wenig belasteten Zustand mit großen Volumenströmen an Hydraulikflüssigkeit versorgt werden. Vor allem die Strömungsquerschnitte der Hydraulikleitungen und Anschlüsse für abfließende Hydraulikflüssigkeit sind verhältnismäßig groß ausgebildet. Hierdurch kann eine große Menge von Hydraulikflüssigkeit vom Hydraulikzylinder abfließen. Eine ebenso große Menge von Hydraulikflüssigkeit kann auf der anderen Seite des Hydraulikzylinders zugeführt werden, wodurch die Stempelplatte vom Hydraulikzylinder mit einer hohen Geschwindigkeit auf- und abbewegbar ist. Vor allem lässt sich so der Leerhub zum Anheben der Stempelplatte in die Ausgangsposition der Kolbenpresse deutlich verkürzen. Aber auch das Absenken der Stempelplatte kann bis zur Belastung derselben sehr schnell erfolgen. Das gilt insbesondere dann, wenn mit einer Hydraulikpumpe gearbeitet wird, deren Förderstrom stufenlos verstellbar ist. Die Geschwindigkeit beim Absenken der Stempelplatte nimmt vor allem bei Verwendung einer Hydraulikpumpe mit stufenlos regelbarem Förderstrom konstanter Leistung kontinuierlich ab, und zwar proportional zur Zunahme der Presskraft.An advantageous further development of the above-described reciprocating press provides that at least to the piston side, preferably also the piston rod side, the hydraulic cylinder leading hydraulic lines including the terminals are provided with a relatively large cross-section. This is such a cross-section that is larger than the usual, standardized cross-section of the connections and the associated hydraulic lines to the respective hydraulic cylinder. As a result, relatively large flow paths for the hydraulic fluid flowing to the hydraulic cylinders and also the outflowing hydraulic fluid are created. In particular, the hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the stamp plate can be supplied in the unloaded or little loaded state with large volume flows of hydraulic fluid. In particular, the flow cross sections of the hydraulic lines and connections for draining hydraulic fluid are relatively large. This allows a large amount of hydraulic fluid to flow away from the hydraulic cylinder. An equally large amount of hydraulic fluid can be supplied to the other side of the hydraulic cylinder, whereby the die plate is movable up and down by the hydraulic cylinder at a high speed. Above all, the idle stroke for lifting the stamp plate into the starting position of the reciprocating press can be significantly shortened. But even the lowering of the stamp plate can be done very quickly to the same load. This is especially true when working with a hydraulic pump, the flow rate is infinitely adjustable. The speed when lowering the stamp plate decreases continuously, especially when using a hydraulic pump with continuously variable flow constant power, in proportion to the increase in pressing force.

Es ist des Weiteren vorgesehen, die Temperatur der Hydraulikflüssigkeit zur regeln, vorzugsweise konstant zu halten. Dadurch wird die Durchflussmenge der Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch Anschlüsse und Hydraulikleitungen nicht durch eine zunehmende Viskosität bei zu kalter Hydraulikflüssigkeit beeinträchtigt. Die Regelung der Temperatur der Hydraulikflüssigkeit erfolgt vorzugsweise durch ein Thermostatventil. Dieses sorgt durch ein erforderlichenfalls erfolgendes Aufheizen der Hydraulikflüssigkeit dafür, dass diese konstant eine bestimmte Mindesttemperatur aufweist. Erforderlichenfalls kann die Hydraulikflüssigkeit gekühlt werden, wenn sie eine bestimmte Temperatur nicht übersteigen soll.It is further provided to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid, preferably to keep constant. As a result, the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid through ports and hydraulic lines is not affected by an increasing viscosity when the hydraulic fluid is too cold. The regulation of the temperature of the hydraulic fluid is preferably carried out by a thermostatic valve. This ensures, if necessary, by heating the hydraulic fluid to ensure that it constantly has a certain minimum temperature. If necessary, the hydraulic fluid can be cooled if it is not to exceed a certain temperature.

Eine andere Weiterbildung der zuvor beschriebenen Kolbenpresse sieht eine analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung vor. Durch die analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung lässt sich die Position des Pressstempels und/oder des Presskorbs zuverlässig und mit ausreichender Genauigkeit bestimmen. Jedoch ist die erfindungsgemäße analoge Abstandsmessung störunanfälliger und vor allem billiger als bei bekannten Kolbenpressen eingesetzte induktive Messstäbe.Another development of the previously described piston press provides an analog distance measuring device. By means of the analog distance measuring device, the position of the press ram and / or the press basket can be determined reliably and with sufficient accuracy. However, the analog distance measurement according to the invention is more susceptible to interference and, above all, cheaper than inductive measuring rods used in known piston presses.

Vorzugsweise ist die jeweilige Abstandsmesseinrichtung einem Pressenjoch des Pressengestells zugeordnet. Dadurch ist ein zuverlässiger, fester Referenzpunkt für analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung geschaffen. Von diesem festen Bezugspunkt aus ermittelt die analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung den Abstand der Stempelplatte bzw. des Presskorbs zum Stempeljoch. Dabei dient die Stempelplatte selbst oder einer am Presskorb angeordneter fahnenartiger Vorsprung als Reflektor für die Signale der analogen Abstandsmesseinrichtung. Die Abstandsmesseinrichtung selbst dient dabei gleichzeitig als Sender und Empfänger.Preferably, the respective distance measuring device is associated with a press yoke of the press frame. As a result, a reliable, fixed reference point for analog distance measuring device is created. From this fixed reference point, the analog distance measuring device determines the distance between the stamp plate or the press cage and the stamp yoke. In this case, the stamp plate itself or arranged on the press basket flag-like projection serves as a reflector for the signals of the analog distance measuring device. The distance measuring device itself serves as transmitter and receiver at the same time.

Vorzugsweise ist die analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung als eine akustische Abstandsmesseinrichtung ausgebildet. Hierbei handelt es sich vorzugsweise um mindestens einen Ultraschallsensor. Dieser ermittelt nach dem Prinzip eines "Echolots" durch Ultraschallwellen den Abstand des Sensors von einer Stelle, auf der die Ultraschallwellen auftreffen. Diese Stelle wirkt als Reflektor und ist einer definierten Position der Stempelplatte bzw. des Presskorbs zugeordnet. Aus dem ermittelten Abstand lässt sich der Abstand der Stempelplatte zur Deckplatte des Sockels ermitteln. Ebenso lässt sich so ermitteln, ob sich der Presskorb mit seiner Unterseite auf der Deckplatte des Sockels abstützt oder nicht.Preferably, the analog distance measuring device is designed as an acoustic distance measuring device. This is preferably at least one ultrasonic sensor. This determines according to the principle of a "sonar" by ultrasonic waves, the distance of the sensor from a point where the ultrasonic waves impinge. This point acts as a reflector and is assigned to a defined position of the stamp plate or the press basket. The distance between the stamp plate and the cover plate of the socket can be determined from the determined distance. It is also possible to determine whether or not the press basket is supported by its underside on the cover plate of the base.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpresse wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht der Kolbenpresse, und
Fig. 2
eine detaillierte (vergrößerte) Darstellung eines oberen Teils der Kolbenpresse mit einem Pressstempel.
A preferred embodiment of the piston press according to the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings. In this show:
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of the piston press, and
Fig. 2
a detailed (enlarged) view of an upper part of the piston press with a ram.

Die Figuren zeigen eine Kolbenpresse 10 zum Entwässern gewaschener Wäsche 11. Dazu wird von der Kolbenpresse 10 die in der gewaschenen Wäsche 11 enthaltene Flüssigkeit, nämlich die sogenannte gebundene Flotte, weitestgehend herausgepresst.The figures show a piston press 10 for dewatering washed laundry 11. For this purpose, the liquid contained in the washed laundry 11, namely the so-called bound liquor, is pressed out to the greatest possible extent by the piston press 10.

Die Kolbenpresse 10 verfügt über einen unteren Sockel 12, der an seiner Oberseite über eine ebene Deckwandung 13 verfügt. In der Deckwandung 13 sind bereichsweise Entwässerungsbohrungen 14 angeordnet. Es handelt sich dabei um Durchgangsbohrungen, die zum Hindurchleiten von Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, durch die Deckwandung 13 ausgebildet sind. Auf der Oberseite der Deckwandung 13 kann ein mindestens im Bereich der Entwässerungsbohrungen 14 flüssigkeitsdurchlässiges Obertrum eines Förderers angeordnet sein, womit die Wäsche 11 nach dem Entwässern von der Kolbenpresse 10 wegtransportierbar ist. Der in den Figuren nicht gezeigte Förderer kann so ausgebildet sein, dass das Obertrum in entgegengesetzten Richtungen antreibbar ist, so dass die entwässerte Wäsche 11 wahlweise zu unterschiedlichen, gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Kolbenpresse 10 abtransportierbar ist, beispielsweise zu verschiedenen, jeweils vor einer Reihe aus mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Trocknern verfahrbaren Förderern. Jeder der vorzugsweise auch heb- und senkbar ausgebildeten Förderer auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Kolbenpresse 10 dient zur wahlweisen Beschickung aller Trockner einer Reihe.The piston press 10 has a lower base 12, which has a flat top wall 13 on its upper side. In the top wall 13 drainage holes 14 are partially arranged. These are through-holes, which are designed to pass liquid, in particular water, through the cover wall 13. On the upper side of the cover wall 13, a liquid-permeable upper strand of a material, at least in the region of the drainage bores 14, can be provided Be arranged conveyor, whereby the laundry 11 is wegtransportierbar after dehydration of the piston press 10. The conveyor, not shown in the figures may be formed so that the upper strand is drivable in opposite directions, so that the dewatered laundry 11 can be transported away to different, opposite sides of the piston press 10, for example, to different, each in front of a row of several side by side arranged dryers movable conveyors. Each of the preferably also raised and lowered trained on opposite sides of the reciprocating press 10 is used to selectively feed all the dryer a number.

Auf dem Sockel 12 sind mehrere, vorzugsweise vier, senkrechte Säulen 15 angeordnet. Die oberen Enden aller Säulen 15 sind durch ein Pressenjoch 16 verbunden. Der Sockel 12, die Säulen 15 und das Pressenjoch 16 bilden im Wesentlichen ein starres Pressengestell 17.On the base 12 a plurality, preferably four, vertical columns 15 are arranged. The upper ends of all pillars 15 are connected by a press yoke 16. The base 12, the pillars 15 and the press yoke 16 essentially form a rigid press frame 17.

Das Pressenjoch 16 trägt vorzugsweise mittig einen Pressstempel 18. Der Pressstempel 18 ist gebildet aus einem am Pressenjoch 16 befestigten Hydraulikzylinder 19, dessen Kolbenstange 20 nach unten durch das Pressenjoch 16 hindurchgeführt ist. Am unteren Ende weist die Kolbenstange 20 eine fest mit derselben verbundene Stempelplatte 21 auf. Die Stempelplatte 21 ist vorzugsweise zylindrisch ausgebildet und verfügt an der Unterseite über einen Polsterkörper 22 aus einem elastisch verformbaren Material.The press jig 16 preferably carries a center in the middle of a press ram 18. The press ram 18 is formed of a press cylinder 16 attached to the hydraulic cylinder 19, the piston rod 20 is passed down through the press yoke 16. At the lower end, the piston rod 20 has a firmly connected to the same stamp plate 21. The stamp plate 21 is preferably cylindrical and has on the underside a pad body 22 made of an elastically deformable material.

Mit der Stempelplatte 21 korrespondiert ein Presskorb 23. Der vorzugsweise zylindrische Presskorb 23 ist sowohl an der Oberseite, als auch an der Unterseite vollflächig offen. Mit seiner offenen Unterseite ruht der Presskorb 23 während der Entwässerung der Wäsche 11 auf der Deckwandung 13 des Sockels 12 bzw. auf dem Obertrum des die Deckwandung 13 des Sockels 12 mindestens teilweise überdeckenden Förderers. Die durchgehenden Entwässerungsbohrungen 14 in der Deckwandung 13 erstrecken sich rasterartig mindestens über den Bereich des kreisrunden Presskorbs 23. Im Presskorb 23 befindet sich die zu entwässernde Wäsche 11. Der Pressstempel 18 ist mit der Stempelplatte 21 von der offenen Oberseite her in den Presskorb 23 einfahrbar. Dabei drückt der Polsterkörper 22 unter der Stempelplatte 21 auf die sich im Presskorb 23 befindliche Wäsche 11 und entwässert diese dabei.The punch plate 21 corresponds to a press basket 23. The preferably cylindrical press basket 23 is open over the entire surface both at the top and at the bottom. With its open underside of the press basket 23 rests during the drainage of the laundry 11 on the top wall 13 of the base 12 and on the upper run of the top wall 13 of the base 12 at least partially overlapping conveyor. The continuous drainage holes 14 in the top wall 13 extend like a grid over at least the area of the circular press basket 23. In the press basket 23, the laundry 11 to be dewatered is located. The press die 18 can be inserted into the press basket 23 from the open upper side with the die plate 21. In this case, the cushion body 22 presses under the die plate 21 on the laundry 11 located in the press basket 23 and dewaters it.

Der Presskorb 23 ist durch vorzugsweise zwei einander gegenüberliegende Druckmittelzylinder 24, vorzugsweise Hydraulikzylinder, von denen in den Figuren der besseren Übersicht halber nur ein Druckmittelzylinder 24 gezeigt ist, anhebbar und absenkbar. Die Druckmittelzylinder 24 sind mit ihren Kolbenteilen 25 unter dem Pressenjoch 16 befestigt. Eine auf- und abbewegbare Kolbenstange 26 jedes Druckmittelzylinders 24 ist an einem fest mit einer Seitenwand des Presskorbs 23 verbundenen Tragarm 27 angelenkt. Von den Druckmittelzylindern 24 ist der Presskorb 23 soweit anhebbar, dass die offene Unterseite des Presskorbs 23 von der Deckwandung 13 des Sockels 12 so weit beabstandet ist, bis die entwässerte Wäsche 11 aus dem Presskorb 23 herausgelangen kann und vom Obertrum des Förderers aus dem Bereich der Kolbenpresse 10 abtransportierbar ist.The press basket 23 can be raised and lowered by preferably two opposing pressure medium cylinders 24, preferably hydraulic cylinders, of which only one pressure medium cylinder 24 is shown in the figures for the sake of clarity. The Pressure medium cylinder 24 are fixed with their piston parts 25 under the press yoke 16. An up and down movable piston rod 26 of each pressure medium cylinder 24 is hinged to a fixedly connected to a side wall of the press basket 23 support arm 27. Of the pressure medium cylinders 24 of the press basket 23 can be raised so far that the open bottom of the press cage 23 is so far from the top wall 13 of the base 12 until the dewatered laundry 11 can get out of the press basket 23 and the upper run of the conveyor from the Piston press 10 can be transported away.

Der Presskorb 23 ist bei der hier gezeigten Kolbenpresse 10 mehrteilig ausgebildet. Demnach setzt sich der Presskorb 23 zusammen aus einem Presskorbunterteil 28 und einem Presskorboberteil 29. Das Presskorbunterteil 28 ist als ein dickwandiger Zylinder mit vollständig offenen Stirnseiten ausgebildet. Die untere Stirnseite des Presskorbunterteils 28 ruht auf der Deckwandung 13 des Sockels 12. In der Höhe ist das Presskorbunterteil 28 so ausgebildet, dass hierin ausschließlich das Auspressen des Wassers aus der Wäsche 11 durch den Pressstempel 17 erfolgt. Das Presskorboberteil 29 ist mit einem Mantelkörper aus dünnem Blech versehen. Auch die beiden gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten des Presskorboberteils 29 sind vollflächig offen. Mit einer unteren Stirnseite ruht das Presskorboberteil 29 auf dem Presskorbunterteil 28, wobei der Innendurchmesser des Presskorboberteils 29 entweder dem Innendurchmesser des Presskorbunterteils 28 entspricht oder geringfügig größer ist. Der Innendurchmesser des Presskorbunterteils 28 und des Presskorboberteils 29 sind etwas größer als der Außendurchmesser der Stempelplatte 20 des Pressstempels 17. Damit ist der Pressstempel 17 zwängungsfrei in den Presskorb 23 ein- und aus demselben herausfahrbar.The press basket 23 is formed in several parts in the piston press 10 shown here. Accordingly, the press basket 23 is composed of a press cage lower part 28 and a press basket upper part 29. The press basket lower part 28 is formed as a thick-walled cylinder with fully open end faces. The lower end face of the press basket lower part 28 rests on the top wall 13 of the base 12. The height of the press cage lower part 28 is designed such that exclusively the water is pressed out of the laundry 11 by the press die 17. The press basket upper part 29 is provided with a jacket body made of thin sheet metal. The two opposite end faces of the press basket upper part 29 are open over the entire surface. With a lower end face, the upper part of the press basket 29 rests on the lower part of the press basket 28, wherein the inner diameter of the upper part of the press basket 29 either corresponds to the inner diameter of the lower part of the press basket 28 or is slightly larger. The inner diameter of the basket bottom part 28 and the upper edge of the press basket 29 are slightly larger than the outer diameter of the punch plate 20 of the ram 17. Thus, the ram 17 is constrained in the press basket 23 and out of the same moved out.

Der obere Bereich des Presskorboberteils 29 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig. 1) etwas größer als der untere Teil des Presskorboberteils 29 bemessen, indem auf einer Seite, nämlich auf der linken Seite der Fig. 1, der obere Teil des Presskorboberteils 29 eine seitlich Aufweitung aufweist. Diese Aufweitung korrespondiert mit einer in der Fig. 1 nur schematisch dargestellten Beladerutsche 30. Über die Beladerutsche 30 ist die zu entwässernde Wäsche bei hochgefahrenem Pressstempel 17 in den Presskorb 23 hineinförderbar. Dabei dient das Presskorboberteil 29 im Wesentlichen nur zur Führung der Wäsche 11, damit diese gezielt in das Presskorbunterteil 28 gelangt, worin ausschließlich die nachfolgende Entwässerung der Wäsche 11 stattfindet.The upper region of the press basket upper part 29 is in the illustrated embodiment ( Fig. 1 ) dimensioned slightly larger than the lower part of the press basket upper part 29 by on one side, namely on the left side of the Fig. 1 , the upper part of the press basket upper part 29 has a laterally widening. This expansion corresponds to one in the Fig. 1 only schematically illustrated loading chute 30. About the loading chute 30 is the laundry to be dehydrated hineinförderer at hochgefahrenem ram 17 in the press cage. In this case, the press basket upper part 29 essentially serves only to guide the laundry 11, so that it reaches the press basket lower part 28 in a targeted manner, in which only the subsequent dewatering of the laundry 11 takes place.

Der Hydraulikzylinder 19 des Pressstempels 18 ist auf seiner Kolbenseite 31 über eine Hydraulikleitung 32 mit Hydrauliköl versorgbar. Dazu dient eine Hydraulikpumpe 33.The hydraulic cylinder 19 of the ram 18 is supplied on its piston side 31 via a hydraulic line 32 with hydraulic oil. This is done by a hydraulic pump 33.

Wenn die Hydraulikpumpe 33 über die Hydraulikleitung 32 Hydrauliköl der Kolbenseite 31 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 zuführt, wird die Kolbenstange 20 ausgefahren und die Stempelplatte 21 abgesenkt zum Auspressen von Wasser aus der Wäsche 11. Zum Hochfahren der Stempelplatte 21 wird die Kolbenstangenseite 34 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 über eine nicht gezeigte Hydraulikleitung von der Hydraulikpumpe 33 mit Hydrauliköl versorgt. Dabei fließt auf der Kolbenseite 31 Hydrauliköl im Wesentlichen drucklos über die Hydraulikleitung 32 in einen nicht gezeigten Öltank ab.When the hydraulic pump 33 supplies hydraulic oil to the piston side 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 via the hydraulic line 32, the piston rod 20 is extended and the die plate 21 is lowered to squeeze out water from the laundry 11. To raise the die plate 21, the piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is moved over not shown hydraulic line supplied by the hydraulic pump 33 with hydraulic oil. In this case, hydraulic oil flows essentially unpressurized via the hydraulic line 32 into an oil tank, not shown, on the piston side 31.

Vorzugsweise ist die Hydraulikleitung 32 mit einem verhältnismäßig großem Innendurchmesser versehen. Auch die Anschlüsse der Hydraulikleitung 32 am Hydraulikzylinder 19 sind so bemessen, dass sie über einen verhältnismäßig großen freien Querschnitt verfügen, der vorzugsweise etwa dem Innendurchmesser der Hydraulikleitung 32 entspricht.Preferably, the hydraulic line 32 is provided with a relatively large inner diameter. The connections of the hydraulic line 32 to the hydraulic cylinder 19 are dimensioned so that they have a relatively large free cross section, which preferably corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the hydraulic line 32.

Der Innendurchmesser der Hydraulikleitung 32 und die freien Strömungsquerschnitte der Anschlüsse sind so bemessen, dass sie deutlich größer sind als übliche Anschlüsse und Hydraulikleitungen. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Innendurchmesser der Hydraulikleitungen 32 und der freie Steuerungsquerschnitt der Anschlüsse 20 bis 40 %, insbesondere 25 bis 30 % des Kolbendurchmessers des Hydraulikzylinders 19. Durch diese verhältnismäßig großen Querschnitte können relativ große Volumenströme an Hydrauliköl zur Kolbenseite 31 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 fließen und insbesondere auch große Hydraulikölvolumen pro Zeiteinheit abfließen, wenn der Hydraulikzylinder 19 zum Hochfahren einer Stempelplatte 21 eingefahren wird. Auf diese Weise können insbesondere Leerhübe des Hydraulikzylinders 19, und zwar sowohl zum Hochfahren der Stempelplatte 21 als auch zum Herunterfahren der Stempelplatte 21 auf die Wäsche 11 trotz des verhältnismäßig großen Hydraulikzylinders 19 sehr rasch erfolgen.The inner diameter of the hydraulic line 32 and the free flow cross-sections of the connections are dimensioned so that they are significantly larger than conventional connections and hydraulic lines. Preferably, the inner diameter of the hydraulic lines 32 and the free control cross section of the connections 20 to 40%, in particular 25 to 30% of the piston diameter of the hydraulic cylinder 19. By these relatively large cross sections relatively large volume flows of hydraulic oil to the piston side 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 to flow and in particular drain large hydraulic oil volume per unit time when the hydraulic cylinder 19 is retracted to start up a stamp plate 21. In this way, in particular idle strokes of the hydraulic cylinder 19, both for raising the stamp plate 21 and for shutting down the stamp plate 21 on the laundry 11 despite the relatively large hydraulic cylinder 19 can be done very quickly.

Die Kolbenstangenseite 34 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 verfügt wegen der darin geführten und im Durchmesser verhältnismäßig großen (Fig. 2) Kolbenstange 26 über ein deutlich kleineres Volumen als die Kolbenseite 31. Deswegen sind die zur Kolbenstangenseite 34 führende (nicht gezeigte) Hydraulikleitung sowie ihre Anschlüsse im Innendurchmesser kleiner als die Hydraulikleitung 32 bemessen. Im Vergleich zu üblichen Hydraulikleitungen, die zur Kolbenstangenseite 34 von Hydraulikzylindern führen ist der Durchmesser der nicht gezeigten Hydraulikleitung auf der Kolbenstangenseite 34 aber gleichwohl erfindungsgemäß deutlich größer ausgebildet.The piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 has because of the guided therein and in diameter relatively large ( Fig. 2 Therefore, the hydraulic line leading to the piston rod side 34 (not shown) and their connections in the inner diameter are smaller than the hydraulic line 32 are dimensioned. Compared to conventional hydraulic lines, which lead to the piston rod side 34 of hydraulic cylinders, the diameter of the hydraulic line, not shown on the piston rod side 34 but nevertheless according to the invention significantly larger.

Vorzugsweise beträgt der Durchmesser der zur Kolbenstangenseite 34 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 führenden Hydraulikleitung einschließlich der freien Strömungsquerschnitte der Anschlüsse 5 bis 25 %, vorzugsweise 8 bis 15 %, vom Kolbendurchmesser des Hydraulikzylinders 19. Dadurch kann Hydrauliköl aus der Kolbenstangenseite 34 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 rasch entweichen, wenn der Hydraulikzylinder 19 mit der Stempelplatte 21 auf die Wäsche 11 im Presskorb 23 heruntergefahren werden soll. Ebenso ist zum raschen Hochfahren des Pressstempels 18 die Kolbenstangenseite 34 des Hydraulikzylinders 19 mit einem verhältnismäßig großen Hydraulikölstrom versorgbar.Preferably, the diameter of the leading to the piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 hydraulic line including the free flow cross sections of the ports 5 to 25%, preferably 8 to 15% of the piston diameter of the hydraulic cylinder 19. This allows hydraulic oil from the piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 quickly escape when the hydraulic cylinder 19 with the stamp plate 21 should be shut down on the laundry 11 in the press basket 23. Likewise, for rapid startup of the ram 18, the piston rod side 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 can be supplied with a relatively large hydraulic oil flow.

Die Hydraulikpumpe 33 ist erfindungsgemäß besonders ausgebildet. Es handelt sich bei der Hydraulikpumpe 33 um eine solche, deren Hydraulikölförderstrom stufenlos veränderbar ist. Vorzugsweise ist die Hydraulikpumpe 33 so regelbar, dass ihre Leistung konstant bleibt. Dadurch wird bei unbelastetem Pressstempel der Förderstrom, also die Menge des von der Hydraulikpumpe 33 pro Zeiteinheit geförderten Hydraulikölstroms, zunehmen und dadurch der Pressstempel 18 mit der Stempelplatte 21 rascher auf- und abgefahren. Bei zunehmender Belastung der Kolbenpresse 10, nämlich dann, wenn die Stempelplatte 21 auf die zu entwässernde Wäsche 11 einwirkt, wird durch die konstant geregelte Leistung der Hydraulikpumpe 33 bei gleich bleibenden Druck die Fördermenge des Hydrauliköls pro Zeiteinheit (Förderstrom) verringert. Dadurch kann die zum wirksamen Entwässern erforderliche Presskraft von der Stempelplatte 21 mit dem darunter befestigten Polsterkörper 22 auf die Wäsche 11 ausgeübt werden, indem zum Entwässern der Wäsche 11 der Pressstempel 18 langsamer nach unten bewegt wird.The hydraulic pump 33 is particularly designed according to the invention. The hydraulic pump 33 is one whose hydraulic oil delivery flow is infinitely variable. Preferably, the hydraulic pump 33 is adjustable so that its power remains constant. As a result, when the plunger is unloaded, the flow rate, that is to say the quantity of hydraulic oil flow delivered by the hydraulic pump 33 per unit time, increases and, as a result, the plunger 18 moves up and down faster with the platen 21. With increasing load on the reciprocating press 10, namely, when the stamp plate 21 acts on the laundry 11 to be dehydrated, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil per unit time (flow rate) is reduced by the constant regulated power of the hydraulic pump 33 at a constant pressure. Thereby, the pressing force required for effective dewatering can be exerted on the laundry 11 by the stamp plate 21 with the cushion body 22 fixed thereunder, by moving the press ram 18 more slowly downward to dehydrate the laundry 11.

Durch die besondere Ausbildung der Hydraulikpumpe 33 mit konstanter Leistung wird erreicht, dass die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Stempelplatte 21 durch den Hydraulikzylinder 19 mit zunehmender Belastung proportional abnimmt, während bei unbelastetem Pressstempel 18, etwa zum Hochfahren des Pressstempels 18 in die Ausgangsstellung, ein großer Förderstrom zur Verfügung steht, wodurch Leerhübe des Pressstempels 18 sowohl in Aufwärtsrichtung als auch abwärts gerichtet sehr rasch erfolgen können. Die Taktzeit der erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpresse 10 wird dadurch wirksam verringert.Due to the special design of the hydraulic pump 33 with constant power is achieved that the speed of the punch plate 21 by the hydraulic cylinder 19 proportionally decreases with increasing load, while at unloaded ram 18, such as for raising the ram 18 in the starting position, a large flow available whereby idle strokes of the ram 18 both in the upward direction and downwards can be made very quickly. The cycle time of the piston press 10 of the invention is thereby effectively reduced.

Die vorzugsweise ebenfalls als Hydraulikzylinder ausgebildeten Druckmittelzylinder 24 zum auf- und abbewegen des Presskorbs 23 werden vorzugsweise auch von Hydraulikpumpe 33 mit Hydrauliköl versorgt. Denkbar ist es aber auch, hierfür eine separate Hydraulikpumpe zu verwenden, wobei es sich dabei insbesondere auch um eine Hydraulikpumpe 33 mit stufenlos veränderbarem Förderstrom und einer die Leistung konstant haltenden Regelung handelt. Auch die nicht gezeigten Hydraulikanschlüsse auf der Kolbenseite und auf der Kolbenstangenseite der als Hydraulikzylinder ausgebildeten Druckmittelzylinder 24 sind im Durchmesser größer bemessen als übliche Hydraulikleitungen, wodurch ebenso wie der Hydraulikzylinder 19 auch die Druckmittelzylinder 24 zum Anheben und Absenken des Presskorbs 23 verhältnismäßig schnell ein- und ausfahrbar sind.The preferably also designed as a hydraulic cylinder pressure cylinder 24 for moving up and down of the press cage 23 are preferably also supplied by hydraulic pump 33 with hydraulic oil. It is also conceivable, however, to use a separate hydraulic pump for this purpose, which is in particular also a hydraulic pump 33 with a continuously variable flow rate and a constant power control. Also, not shown on the hydraulic connections the piston side and on the piston rod side of the pressure cylinder designed as a hydraulic cylinder 24 are larger in diameter than conventional hydraulic lines, which as well as the hydraulic cylinder 19 and the pressure cylinder 24 for raising and lowering the press cage 23 are relatively quickly on and extendable.

Das Hydrauliköl zur Versorgung des Hydraulikzylinders 19 und gegebenenfalls auch der Druckmittelzylinder 24 ist vorzugsweise mit einer Temperaturregelung versehen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass das Hydrauliköl, das von der Hydraulikpumpe 33 gefördert wird, stets eine Mindesttemperatur aufweist, also nicht kälter ist als vorgesehen. Die Regelung der Hydrauliköltemperatur erfolgt vorzugsweise durch ein Thermostatventil. Damit eine bestimmte Mindesttemperatur nicht unterschritten wird, regelt das Thermostatventil eine gegebenenfalls erforderlich werdende Heizung des Hydrauliköls. Denkbar ist es auch, eine Regelung der Maximaltemperatur des HydraulikÖls vorzusehen, damit die Überhitzung des Hydrauliköls vermieden werden. Das Thermostatventil dient dann dazu, alternativ ein Aufheizen oder ein Abkühlen des Hydrauliköls zu veranlassen, wenn die Temperatur des Hydrauliköls einen Maximalwert überschreitet (Kühlen) oder einen Minimalwert unterschreitet (Aufheizen).The hydraulic oil for supplying the hydraulic cylinder 19 and optionally also the pressure medium cylinder 24 is preferably provided with a temperature control. This ensures that the hydraulic oil, which is conveyed by the hydraulic pump 33, always has a minimum temperature, that is not colder than intended. The regulation of the hydraulic oil temperature is preferably carried out by a thermostatic valve. So that a certain minimum temperature is not exceeded, the thermostatic valve regulates any heating of the hydraulic oil which may become necessary. It is also conceivable to provide a control of the maximum temperature of the hydraulic oil, so that the overheating of the hydraulic oil can be avoided. The thermostatic valve is then used alternatively to cause heating or cooling of the hydraulic oil when the temperature of the hydraulic oil exceeds a maximum value (cooling) or falls below a minimum value (heating).

Der Sockel 12 der Kolbenpresse 10 ist als ein Rahmentank 35 gestaltet, in dem mindestens ein Speicherbehälter 36 integriert ist. Der in der Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Rahmentank 35 weist im Bereich zwischen den Säulen 15 einen Hohlraum auf, der den Speicherbehälter 36 bildet. Der Hohlraum ist zwischen der Deckwandung 13 und einer dazu beabstandeten Bodenwandung 37 des Sockels 12 angeordnet. Der Speicherbehälter 36 befindet sich vollständig im Bereich unter den Entwässerungsbohrung 14 der Deckwandung 13. Der Speicherbehälter 36 ist aus Stabilitätsgründen mit Stützprofilen 38 versehen. Die Stützprofile 38 befinden sich zwischen der Deckwandung 13 und der Bodenwandung 37 und stützen beide rahmenartig gegeneinander ab. Quergerichtete Durchgangsbohrungen 39 in den Stützprofilen 38 machen diese flüssigkeitsdurchlässig, so dass trotz der Stützprofile 38 ein zusammenhängender Speicherbehälter 36 unter den Entwässerungsbohrung 14 in der Deckwandung 13 sich befindet. Erforderlichenfalls ist es denkbar, einige Stützprofile 38 wasserundurchlässig auszubilden, so dass mehrere kleine Speicherbehälter 36 entstehen, die bedarfsweise befüllt und entleert werden können. Die einzelnen Speicherbehälter 36 können durch Rohrleitungen und/oder Ventile so miteinander verbunden sein, dass bei Bedarf ein Flüssigkeitsaustausch zwischen den einzelnen Speicherbehältern 36 erfolgen kann.The base 12 of the piston press 10 is designed as a frame tank 35, in which at least one storage container 36 is integrated. The Indian Fig. 1 schematically illustrated frame tank 35 has in the region between the columns 15 on a cavity which forms the storage container 36. The cavity is disposed between the top wall 13 and a bottom wall 37 of the base 12 spaced therefrom. The storage tank 36 is located completely in the area below the drainage hole 14 of the top wall 13. The storage tank 36 is provided with support profiles 38 for reasons of stability. The support profiles 38 are located between the top wall 13 and the bottom wall 37 and both support frame-like against each other. Transverse through holes 39 in the support profiles 38 make them liquid permeable, so that in spite of the support profiles 38 a contiguous storage container 36 is located below the drainage hole 14 in the top wall 13 itself. If necessary, it is conceivable to form some support profiles 38 impermeable to water, so that a plurality of small storage container 36 arise, which can be filled and emptied as needed. The individual storage containers 36 may be connected to one another by pipelines and / or valves such that, if required, a liquid exchange between the individual storage containers 36 can take place.

Eine weitere Besonderheit der Kolbenpresse 10 besteht darin, dass die momentane Position der Pressstempels 18, insbesondere der Stempelplatte 21, fortlaufend durch eine analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung ermittelt wird. Bei der hier gezeigten Kolbenpresse 10 wird auf gleiche Weise fortlaufend die Position des Presskorbs 23 ermittelt. Die analoge Abstandsmesseinrichtung weist ein akustisches Sensororgan auf, was im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel als Ultraschallsensor 40 ausgebildet ist. Dieser ist ortsfest unter dem Pressenjoch 16 montiert, und zwar derart, dass ein akustisches Messsignal, nämlich vom Ultraschallsensor 40 ausgesendete Schallwellen, auf eine Oberseite der Stempelplatte 21 treffen. Die Schallwellen werden hier reflektiert und vom Ultraschallsensor 40 wieder empfangen. Durch eine Laufzeitmessung der Schallwellen wird fortlaufend der Abstand der Oberseite der Stempelplatte 21 zum Ultraschallsensor 40 an der Unterseite des Pressenjochs 16 ermittelt. Daraus lässt sich auf Grund der bekannten konstruktiven Maße der Kolbenpresse 10 der Abstand der Unterseite der Stempelplatte 21 bzw. des darunter befestigten Polsterkörpers 22 zum Presskorb 23, insbesondere der Deckwandung 13 des Sockels 12, worauf der Presskorb 23 ruht, ermitteln. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es auch denkbar, einen Ultraschallsensor 40 unter dem Pressenjoch 16 oder an der Unterseite der Stempelplatte 21 vorzusehen, womit der Abstand der Stempelplatte 21 bzw. des Polsterkörpers 22 zur Oberseite des Haufens der Wäsche 11 im Presskorb 23 ermittelbar ist. Der Pressstempel 18 kann dann gezielt und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit bis auf die Wäsche 11 gefahren werden.Another special feature of the reciprocating press 10 is that the instantaneous position of the press ram 18, in particular the stamp plate 21, is continuously determined by an analog distance measuring device. In the piston press 10 shown here, the position of the press basket 23 is determined in the same way continuously. The analog distance measuring device has an acoustic sensor element, which is designed as an ultrasonic sensor 40 in the embodiment shown. This is fixedly mounted under the press yoke 16, in such a way that an acoustic measurement signal, namely sound waves emitted by the ultrasonic sensor 40, strike an upper side of the stamp plate 21. The sound waves are reflected here and received by the ultrasonic sensor 40 again. By measuring the transit time of the sound waves, the distance between the top side of the stamp plate 21 and the ultrasonic sensor 40 at the underside of the press yoke 16 is continuously determined. From this, due to the known structural dimensions of the piston press 10, the distance of the underside of the punch plate 21 and the pad body 22 secured therebelow to the press basket 23, in particular the top wall 13 of the base 12, whereupon the press basket 23 rests, determine. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable to provide an ultrasonic sensor 40 under the press yoke 16 or on the underside of the stamp plate 21, whereby the distance between the stamp plate 21 and the cushion body 22 to the top of the heap of laundry 11 in the press basket 23 can be determined. The press ram 18 can then be driven selectively and at high speed to the laundry 11.

Mindestens ein weiterer Ultraschallsensor oder eine sonstige akustische Abstandsmesseinrichtung ist an der Unterseite des Pressenjochs 16 montiert, um die Position des Presskorbs 23 zu ermitteln. Dieser Ultraschallsensor ist derart unter das Pressenjoch 16 montiert, dass sein Signal, nämlich seine Schallwellen, entweder auf den Tragarm 27 am Presskorb 23 oder ein separates gegenüber dem Presskorb 23 nach außen vorstehendes Reflexionsmittel treffen. Anhand der zurückreflektierten Schallwellen kann dann der Abstand des Tragarms 27 oder des separaten Reflektors am Presskorb 23 zum Ultraschallsensor an der Unterseite des Pressenjochs 16 ermittelt werden. Durch diesen Ultraschallsensor kann so festgestellt werden, ob der Presskorb 23 auf der Deckwandung 13 des Sockels 12 steht und eine Befüllung mit zu entwässernder Wäsche 11 erfolgen kann.At least one further ultrasonic sensor or another acoustic distance measuring device is mounted on the underside of the press yoke 16 in order to determine the position of the press basket 23. This ultrasonic sensor is mounted under the press yoke 16 in such a way that its signal, namely its sound waves, strike either the support arm 27 on the press basket 23 or a separate reflection means projecting outwards relative to the press basket 23. Based on the reflected back sound waves then the distance of the support arm 27 or the separate reflector on the press cage 23 to the ultrasonic sensor on the underside of the press yoke 16 can be determined. By means of this ultrasonic sensor, it can thus be ascertained whether the press basket 23 stands on the top wall 13 of the base 12 and can be filled with laundry 11 to be drained.

Claims (10)

  1. A piston press for pressing liquids out of damp or wet goods to be pressed, in particular laundry (11), comprising a press ram (18) which has a hydraulic cylinder (19) and a ram plate (21) arranged at the free end of a piston rod (20) of the hydraulic cylinder (19), and comprising a hydraulic pump (33) fur supplying at least the hydraulic cylinder (19) of the press ram (18) with hydraulic fluid, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (33) is designed in such a way that its delivery flow can be adjusted continuously.
  2. The piston press according to Claim 1, characterized in that the delivery flow of the hydraulic pump (33) can be adjusted as a function of the loading on the hydraulic cylinder (19) or the ram plate (21), preferably adjustable as a function of the output, in particular such that the output of the hydraulic pump (33) is always approximately constant.
  3. The piston press according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that hydraulic lines (32) between the hydraulic cylinder (19) and the hydraulic pump (33) and a tank for hydraulic fluid have a relatively large cross-section.
  4. The piston press according to Claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the hydraulic lines (32), including the hydraulic connections, is greater, as compared with the piston diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (19), than the usual (standardized) diameter of the hydraulic lines (32) and their connections.
  5. The piston press according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the free flow cross-section of the hydraulic lines (32) and preferably of the connections as well are at least 1/15 of the piston diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (19), with the diameter of the hydraulic line (32) and/or of the connections on the piston side (31) are preferably at least 1/5 of the piston diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (19).
  6. The piston press according to Claim 3 to 5, characterized in that the free flow cross-section of the hydraulic lines (32) and of the connections on the piston side (31) of the hydraulic cylinder (19) is greater than on the piston-rod side (34) of the hydraulic cylinder (19), preferably at least twice as large.
  7. The piston press according to one of the previous Claims, characterized in that the temperature of the hydraulic fluid can be regulated in particular by a thermostatic valve, in particular in such a way that the temperature of the hydraulic fluid approximately maintains a predefined constant value.
  8. The piston press according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one analogue distance measuring device is assigned to the press frame (17) to determine the position of at least the press ram (18).
  9. The piston press according to Claim 8, characterized in that a further analogue distance measuring device is provided, by means of which the position of the press basket (23) can be determined.
  10. The piston press according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the or each distance measuring device is assigned to a press yoke (16) of the press frame (17), preferably with the or each distance measuring device being designed as an acoustic distance sensor, for example as an ultrasound sensor (40), and that the ram plate (21) of the press ram (18) and/or the press basket (23) is assigned, in particular in each case, at least one reflector for the ultrasound waves from the or each acoustic distance sensor..
EP03015920A 2002-08-16 2003-07-12 Piston press Expired - Lifetime EP1394314B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10238359A DE10238359A1 (en) 2002-08-16 2002-08-16 piston press
DE10238359 2002-08-16

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EP1394314A2 EP1394314A2 (en) 2004-03-03
EP1394314A3 EP1394314A3 (en) 2006-10-18
EP1394314B1 true EP1394314B1 (en) 2009-09-09

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DE (2) DE10238359A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP1394314A3 (en) 2006-10-18
DE50311886D1 (en) 2009-10-22
DE10238359A1 (en) 2004-03-04
US20040069021A1 (en) 2004-04-15
EP1394314A2 (en) 2004-03-03
ATE442473T1 (en) 2009-09-15

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