EP1393855B1 - Method for producing an optical lens - Google Patents

Method for producing an optical lens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1393855B1
EP1393855B1 EP03102667A EP03102667A EP1393855B1 EP 1393855 B1 EP1393855 B1 EP 1393855B1 EP 03102667 A EP03102667 A EP 03102667A EP 03102667 A EP03102667 A EP 03102667A EP 1393855 B1 EP1393855 B1 EP 1393855B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
rpm
value
processing
procedure
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EP03102667A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1393855A1 (en
Inventor
Gunter Schneider
Klaus Krämer
Helwig Buchenauer
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Schneider GmbH and Co KG
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Schneider GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an optically active surface having at least one first processing stage, wherein at least one first processing step is carried out with a cutting tool, wherein the cutting tool incorporates adjacent grooves in the workpiece due to the feed speed.
  • Such a method is known from WO 01/66308 A1.
  • a substantially two-step process will be described.
  • the workpiece is machined with a cutting tool on a continuous web, the grooves generated by the cutting tool being juxtaposed and having a constant pitch of between 0.1 mm and 3 mm, in particular between 0.03 mm and 0.05 mm .
  • It also describes a second and a third method step, wherein in the first method step, first, a step size of the tool of 3 mm, in the subsequent process step, a step size of 2 mm and finally in the third step, a step size of 1 mm is used.
  • the workpiece is moved by means of a smoothing tool on a continuous path, with two adjacent paths a constant pitch between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, in particular between 0.04 mm and 1.25 mm or exactly 0.625 mm.
  • EP 0 849 038 A2 describes a high speed lathe for rotating optically active surfaces.
  • the tool carriage is movable in the radial and axial direction to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the speed increases with radial delivery of the tool to ensure a constant cutting speed. Value ranges concerning the rotational speed and the groove spacing are not described.
  • US Pat. No. 6,074,281 describes a polishing method in which the workpiece and the tool, on the one hand, perform a lifting movement in the direction of a first axis relative to one another and, on the other hand, execute a reciprocating movement for polishing about a second non-parallel axis rotationally relative to one another. An indication of the distance between the generated polishing tracks is not given.
  • the invention has the object of providing a method for producing an optically active surface by rotating machining in such a way that an optimum surface quality is ensured.
  • the distance d is set or reduced to a value between 0.003 mm and 0.01 mm, in particular between 0.008 mm and 0.055 mm. Starting from the value in the first processing step, the distance d is reduced. Thus, a very high surface quality is achieved, which ensures a low polishing effort.
  • the feed rate S [mm / s] is kept constant during a processing step.
  • the absolute feedrate S is constant and the specific feedrate is counterproportional to the angular velocity, ie the specific feed rate (per revolution) decreases with increasing angular velocity.
  • the cutting speed S c is kept approximately constant during a processing step, wherein S c has a value between 1 m / s and 24 m / s, in particular between 8 m / s and 14 m / s and the cutting speed S c is kept constant over a partial radius R T of the workpiece, where R T is between 0% and 87.5%, in particular between 0% and 85%, or between 12.5% and 100%, in particular between 15% and 100 % of the total radius, measured from the center of the workpiece.
  • R T is between 0% and 87.5%, in particular between 0% and 85%, or between 12.5% and 100%, in particular between 15% and 100 % of the total radius, measured from the center of the workpiece.
  • the angular velocity would have to be infinitely large, so that the cutting speed would be kept constant. Accordingly, the cutting speed in the area of the workpiece center point decreases continuously within the last millimeter.
  • the workpiece is machined with a polishing tool, wherein the distance d P of two successively generated polishing tracks is at most between 1 mm and 20 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 15 mm.
  • the polishing tool has a diameter of about 30 mm, so that with respect to the curvature of the workpiece surface and at a distance dp between 1 mm and 20 mm, an overlap of the polishing paths is ensured.
  • At least one continuous polishing path is generated on the workpiece, wherein the polishing path crosses at least one point K 1 on the workpiece and a plurality of continuous polishing paths are generated on the workpiece, the polishing paths themselves cut at least one point S 1 on the workpiece.
  • the cutting tool during machining in the direction of its axis of rotation translationally and the direction of the translational movement of the cutting tool per revolution of the workpiece is changed at least once, the frequency of the translational movement between 12.5 Hz and 100 Hz, in particular between 30 Hz and 70 Hz.
  • the translational movement is carried out as a lifting or lowering movement.
  • the basic radial feed takes place here in the horizontal direction, this movement being superimposed on the translatory lifting or lowering movement.
  • the polishing sheet 21 shown in Figure 1 is formed by placing the polishing tool on the outer edge of the rotating, elliptical workpiece 23. After placement of the tool, this is moved radially to the center 24 of the workpiece 23 and beyond the center 24 addition.
  • the superimposition of the translatory movement of the polishing head in the radial direction of the workpiece 23 and the rotation of the workpiece 23 results in the polishing tracks 21, 22 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the polishing track 21 has the points of intersection K 1 and K 2 with itself. Depending on the angular velocity of the workpiece 23 and the translational movement of the polishing head different, similar polishing tracks, such as the polishing pad 22 are generated.
  • the second polishing track 22 is provided which, in addition to the points of intersection with itself, has a plurality of points of intersection S 1 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 with the first polishing track 21.
  • the machine body consists of a lower machine bed 1, on which right and left two vertical side parts 2 build.
  • the workpiece spindle 3 is mounted, which has a receptacle 4 for the workpiece 5 at its upper end.
  • the workpiece spindle 3 is driven by an electric motor 6 and can either rotate continuously or it can be converted by Achsumscnies in a controlled rotary axis (C-axis).
  • the two side parts 2 carry at its upper end two horizontal guide tubes 7 lying one behind the other, on which the recirculating ball guides 8 run. These allow the radial tool movement (X-axis) and carry the cross member 9.
  • On the cross member 9 is a right and left each guide tube 10 is attached and also it carries the Adapter 11 for receiving the primary part 12 of the linear motor with the stator windings.
  • the traverse 9 is also connected to a coupling rod 13, which establishes the connection to a conventional feed drive 14. With this conventional feed drive 14, the radial tool feed (in the horizontal direction) is driven (X-axis).
  • the workpiece 5 is set in rapid rotation by means of the workpiece spindle 3. Subsequently, the tool carriage 17 is driven by secondary part 16 of the linear motor in the Z-axis as far down vertically and moved horizontally by conventional feed drive 14 in the X-axis so far that the tip of the tool 18 touches the outer edge of the workpiece 5 straight. While then the feed drive 14 for a uniform feed movement of the tool carriage 17 and tool 18 in a horizontal, ie radial direction provides (X-axis), the tool carriage 17 with the tool 18 of the secondary part 16 of the linear motor in vertical, ie axial direction (Z-axis), oscillating so moved that the desired contour on the workpiece 5 is formed.
  • this operation can then be repeated at high cutting speeds for very small infeed movements in the X-axis in order to achieve the desired surface quality.
  • the lens is machined with tool 19 on the circumference and polished with tool 20. All movements in the three axes are linked, ie they depend on each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves a processing stage with cutting tool which works grooves into the workpiece (23) wherein the speed of the latter is raised or remains constant from a start value at the start of processing to an end value towards the end of processing whereby the speed is between 750 rpm and 6000 rpm, 750 rpm and 1500 rpm , 750 and 3000 rpm or between 1500 and 3000 rpm. The distance from two adjoining grooves is changed or remains constant from a start value at the start of processing to an end value at the end of processing and has a value between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm, 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm or 0.15 mm and 0.2mm. The advancing speed in the radial direction of the workpiece is kept constant.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer optisch aktiven Oberfläche mit mindestens einer ersten Bearbeitungsstufe, bei der mindestens ein erster Bearbeitungsschritt mit einem Schneidwerkzeug erfolgt, wobei das Schneidwerkzeug aufgrund der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit nebeneinander liegende Rillen in das Werkstück einarbeitet. The invention relates to a method for producing an optically active surface having at least one first processing stage, wherein at least one first processing step is carried out with a cutting tool, wherein the cutting tool incorporates adjacent grooves in the workpiece due to the feed speed.

Ein solches Verfahren ist aus der WO 01/66308 A1 bekannt. Hierbei wird ein im wesentlichen zweistufiges Verfahren beschrieben. In einer ersten Stufe wird das Werkstück mit einem Schneidwerkzeug auf einer kontinuierlichen Bahn bearbeitet, wobei die durch das Schneidwerkzeug generierten Rillen nebeneinander liegen und eine konstante Schrittweite zwischen 0,1 mm und 3 mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,03 mm und 0,05 mm aufweisen. Es ist auch ein zweiter und ein dritter Verfahrensschritt beschrieben, wobei beim ersten Verfahrensschritt zunächst eine Schrittweite des Werkzeugs von 3 mm, in dem darauf folgenden Verfahrensschritt eine Schrittweite von 2 mm und schließlich im dritten Verfahrensschritt eine Schrittweite von 1 mm benutzt wird.Such a method is known from WO 01/66308 A1. Here, a substantially two-step process will be described. In a first stage, the workpiece is machined with a cutting tool on a continuous web, the grooves generated by the cutting tool being juxtaposed and having a constant pitch of between 0.1 mm and 3 mm, in particular between 0.03 mm and 0.05 mm , It also describes a second and a third method step, wherein in the first method step, first, a step size of the tool of 3 mm, in the subsequent process step, a step size of 2 mm and finally in the third step, a step size of 1 mm is used.

In der zweiten Stufe wird das Werkstück mittels eines Glättwerkzeugs auf einer kontinuierlichen Bahn bewegt, wobei zwei nebeneinander liegende Wegstrecken eine konstante Schrittweite zwischen 0,2 mm und 3 mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,04 mm und 1,25 mm oder genau 0,625 mm aufweisen.In the second stage, the workpiece is moved by means of a smoothing tool on a continuous path, with two adjacent paths a constant pitch between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, in particular between 0.04 mm and 1.25 mm or exactly 0.625 mm.

In der EP 0 849 038 A2 ist eine Hochgeschwindigkeitsdrehmaschine zum Drehen optisch aktiver Oberflächen beschrieben. Der Werkzeugschlitten ist dabei in radialer und axialer Richtung zur Drehachse des Werkstücks bewegbar. Gemäß Anspruch 2 steigt die Drehzahl bei radialer Zustellung des Werkzeugs zur Gewährleistung einer konstanten Schnittgeschwindigkeit. Wertebereiche betreffend die Drehzahl und den Rillenabstand sind nicht beschrieben.EP 0 849 038 A2 describes a high speed lathe for rotating optically active surfaces. The tool carriage is movable in the radial and axial direction to the axis of rotation of the workpiece. In accordance with claim 2, the speed increases with radial delivery of the tool to ensure a constant cutting speed. Value ranges concerning the rotational speed and the groove spacing are not described.

Die US 6,074,281 beschreibt ein Polierverfahren, bei dem das Werkstück und das Werkzeug einerseits eine Hubbewegung in Richtung einer ersten Achse relativ zueinander ausführen und andererseits um eine zweite nicht parallele Achse rotatorisch zueinander eine Wechselbewegung zum Polieren ausführen. Eine Angabe über den Abstand der dabei generierten Polierbahnen ist nicht gegeben.US Pat. No. 6,074,281 describes a polishing method in which the workpiece and the tool, on the one hand, perform a lifting movement in the direction of a first axis relative to one another and, on the other hand, execute a reciprocating movement for polishing about a second non-parallel axis rotationally relative to one another. An indication of the distance between the generated polishing tracks is not given.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer optisch aktiven Oberfläche durch drehende Bearbeitung derart auszubilden, daß eine optimale Oberflächengüte gewährleistet ist.The invention has the object of providing a method for producing an optically active surface by rotating machining in such a way that an optimum surface quality is ensured.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

Zudem ist es von Vorteil, daß in einem zweiten Bearbeitungsschritt der Abstand d auf einen Wert zwischen 0,003 mm und 0,01 mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,008 mm und 0,055 mm, eingestellt bzw. reduziert wird. Ausgehend von dem Wert im ersten Bearbeitungsschritt wird der Abstand d reduziert. Somit wird eine sehr hohe Oberflächengüte erreicht, die einen geringen Polieraufwand gewährleistet.In addition, it is advantageous that in a second processing step, the distance d is set or reduced to a value between 0.003 mm and 0.01 mm, in particular between 0.008 mm and 0.055 mm. Starting from the value in the first processing step, the distance d is reduced. Thus, a very high surface quality is achieved, which ensures a low polishing effort.

Vorteilhaft ist es hierzu auch, daß die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit S [mm/s] während eines Bearbeitungsschritts konstant gehalten wird. Die absolute Vorschubgeschwindigkeit S ist konstant und der spezifische Vorschub ist gegenproportional zur Winkelgeschwindigkeit, d. h. der spezifische Vorschub (pro Umdrehung) sinkt mit steigender Winkelgeschwindigkeit.It is also advantageous for this purpose that the feed rate S [mm / s] is kept constant during a processing step. The absolute feedrate S is constant and the specific feedrate is counterproportional to the angular velocity, ie the specific feed rate (per revolution) decreases with increasing angular velocity.

Eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit ist gemäß einer Weiterbildung, daß die Abstandsänderung des Abstands d der Rillen sowie die Änderung der Drehzahl ω stetig ist. Der mit dem Radius abfallende Anteil der Schnittgeschwindigkeit wird durch die Erhöhung der Drehzahl ausgeglichen. Je nach Erhöhung der Drehzahl vergrößert oder reduziert sich dabei der Abstand d der Rillen. Die Änderung der Drehzahl gewährleistet eine einfache Antriebssteuerung betreffend die Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Werkstücks und die in radialer Richtung des Werkstücks verlaufende translatorische Bewegung des Werkzeugs.An additional possibility, according to a development, that the change in distance of the distance d of the grooves and the change in the rotational speed ω is continuous. The proportion of the cutting speed falling with the radius is compensated by the increase of the speed. Depending on the increase in rotational speed, the distance d of the grooves increases or decreases. The change of the rotational speed ensures a simple drive control concerning the angular velocity of the workpiece and the translatory movement of the tool in the radial direction of the workpiece.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, daß die Schnittgeschwindigkeit Sc während eines Bearbeitungsschritts in etwa konstant gehalten wird, wobei Sc einen Wert zwischen 1 m/s und 24 m/s, insbesondere zwischen 8 m/s und 14 m/s aufweist und die Schnittgeschwindigkeit Sc über einen Teilradius RT des Werkstücks konstant gehalten wird, wobei RT zwischen 0 % und 87,5 %, insbesondere zwischen 0 % und 85 % beträgt bzw. zwischen 12,5 % und 100 %, insbesondere zwischen 15 % und 100 % des Gesamtradius, gemessen vom Werkstückmittelpunkt, beträgt. Zur Mittelachse des Werkstücks hin müßte die Winkelgeschwindigkeit unendlich groß sein, damit die Schnittgeschwindigkeit konstant gehalten würde. Demnach sinkt die Schnittgeschwindigkeit im Bereich des Werkstückmittelpunktes innerhalb der letzten Millimeter stetig ab.Further, it is advantageous that the cutting speed S c is kept approximately constant during a processing step, wherein S c has a value between 1 m / s and 24 m / s, in particular between 8 m / s and 14 m / s and the cutting speed S c is kept constant over a partial radius R T of the workpiece, where R T is between 0% and 87.5%, in particular between 0% and 85%, or between 12.5% and 100%, in particular between 15% and 100 % of the total radius, measured from the center of the workpiece. To the central axis of the workpiece, the angular velocity would have to be infinitely large, so that the cutting speed would be kept constant. Accordingly, the cutting speed in the area of the workpiece center point decreases continuously within the last millimeter.

Vorteilhaft ist es auch, daß in einer zweiten Bearbeitungsstufe das Werkstück mit einem Polierwerkzeug bearbeitet wird, wobei der Abstand dP von zwei nacheinander generierten Polierbahnen höchstens zwischen 1 mm und 20 mm, insbesondere zwischen 5 mm und 15 mm groß ist. Das Polierwerkzeug weist einen Durchmesser von etwa 30 mm auf, so daß mit Rücksicht auf die Krümmung der Werkstückoberfläche und bei einem Abstand dp zwischen 1 mm und 20 mm eine Überdeckung der Polierbahnen gewährleistet ist.It is also advantageous that in a second processing stage, the workpiece is machined with a polishing tool, wherein the distance d P of two successively generated polishing tracks is at most between 1 mm and 20 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 15 mm. The polishing tool has a diameter of about 30 mm, so that with respect to the curvature of the workpiece surface and at a distance dp between 1 mm and 20 mm, an overlap of the polishing paths is ensured.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist schließlich vorgesehen, daß mindestens eine kontinuierliche Polierbahn auf dem Werkstück generiert wird, wobei die Polierbahn sich an mindestens einer Stelle K1 auf dem Werkstück kreuzt und mehrere kontinuierliche Polierbahnen auf dem Werkstück generiert werden, wobei die Polierbahnen sich an mindestens einer Stelle S1 auf dem Werkstück schneiden. Durch das Kreuzen und das Schneiden der verschiedenen Polierbahnen wird eine optimale Oberflächengüte gewährleistet. Es werden die verschiedensten Relativbewegungen zwischen dem Polierwerkzeug und der Werkstückoberfläche generiert, die den Abtrag der Rauhigkeitsspitzen gewährleisten.According to a preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention, it is finally provided that at least one continuous polishing path is generated on the workpiece, wherein the polishing path crosses at least one point K 1 on the workpiece and a plurality of continuous polishing paths are generated on the workpiece, the polishing paths themselves cut at least one point S 1 on the workpiece. By crossing and cutting the different polishing paths, an optimal surface quality is guaranteed. The various relative movements between the polishing tool and the workpiece surface are generated, which ensure the removal of the roughness peaks.

Zudem ist es vorteilhaft, dass das Schneidwerkzeug während der Bearbeitung in Richtung seiner Drehachse translatorisch verfahren und die Richtung der translatorischen Bewegung des Schneidwerkzeugs pro Umdrehung des Werkstücks mindestens einmal geändert wird, wobei die Frequenz der translatorischen Bewegung zwischen 12,5 Hz und 100 Hz, insbesondere zwischen 30 Hz und 70 Hz, ist. Somit sind neben der Herstellung von sphärischen Flächen auch die Herstellung asphärischer Flächen und die Herstellung von Freiflächen gewährleistet.In addition, it is advantageous that the cutting tool during machining in the direction of its axis of rotation translationally and the direction of the translational movement of the cutting tool per revolution of the workpiece is changed at least once, the frequency of the translational movement between 12.5 Hz and 100 Hz, in particular between 30 Hz and 70 Hz. Thus, in addition to the production of spherical surfaces and the Manufacture of aspherical surfaces and the production of open spaces guaranteed.

Hierzu ist es vorteilhaft, dass die translatorische Bewegung als Hub- bzw. Senkbewegung ausgeführt wird. Der radiale Grundvorschub erfolgt hierbei in horizontaler Richtung, wobei dieser Bewegung die translatorische Hub- bzw. Senkbewegung überlagert ist.For this purpose, it is advantageous that the translational movement is carried out as a lifting or lowering movement. The basic radial feed takes place here in the horizontal direction, this movement being superimposed on the translatory lifting or lowering movement.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erläutert und in den Figuren dargestellt. Es zeigt:

Figur 1
den Verlauf von zwei Polierbahnen,
Figur 2
eine Ansicht der Maschine,
Figur 3
einen Querschnitt durch die Maschine.
Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the figures. It shows:
FIG. 1
the course of two polishing tracks,
FIG. 2
a view of the machine,
FIG. 3
a cross section through the machine.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Polierbahn 21 entsteht durch Aufsetzen des Polierwerkzeugs am äußeren Rand des rotierenden, ellipsenförmigen Werkstücks 23. Nach dem Aufsetzen des Werkzeugs wird dieses radial zur Mitte 24 des Werkstücks 23 und über die Mitte 24 hinaus verfahren. Die Überlagerung von der translatorischen Bewegung des Polierkopfes in radialer Richtung des Werkstücks 23 und die Rotation des Werkstücks 23 ergibt die in Figur 1 dargestellten Polierbahnen 21, 22. Die Polierbahn 21 weist die Kreuzungspunkte K1 und K2 mit sich selbst auf. In Abhängigkeit der Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Werkstücks 23 und der translatorischen Bewegung des Polierkopfes werden verschiedene, sich ähnelnde Polierbahnen, wie zum Beispiel die Polierbahn 22 generiert.The polishing sheet 21 shown in Figure 1 is formed by placing the polishing tool on the outer edge of the rotating, elliptical workpiece 23. After placement of the tool, this is moved radially to the center 24 of the workpiece 23 and beyond the center 24 addition. The superimposition of the translatory movement of the polishing head in the radial direction of the workpiece 23 and the rotation of the workpiece 23 results in the polishing tracks 21, 22 illustrated in FIG. 1. The polishing track 21 has the points of intersection K 1 and K 2 with itself. Depending on the angular velocity of the workpiece 23 and the translational movement of the polishing head different, similar polishing tracks, such as the polishing pad 22 are generated.

Gemäß Figur 1 ist die zweite Polierbahn 22 vorgesehen, die neben den Kreuzungspunkten mit sich selbst mehrere Schnittpunkte S1, S2, S3 und S4 mit der ersten Polierbahn 21 aufweist.According to FIG. 1, the second polishing track 22 is provided which, in addition to the points of intersection with itself, has a plurality of points of intersection S 1 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 with the first polishing track 21.

Mit der nachstehend beschriebenen Vorrichtung wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt:With the device described below, the inventive method is carried out:

Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten des Massenausgleichs wurden nicht dargestellt, ebenso nicht die zusätzlichen Bestückungsmöglichkeiten des Werkzeugschlittens 17.The various possibilities of mass balance were not shown, as well as the additional equipment options of the tool carriage 17th

Alle Bewegungen der Maschine werden von einer Hochleistungselektronik gesteuert und geregelt. Die drei Maschinenachsen (C-, X- und Z-Achse) sind miteinander verknüpft.All movements of the machine are controlled and regulated by high-performance electronics. The three machine axes (C, X and Z axes) are linked together.

Der Maschinenkörper besteht aus einem unteren Maschinenbett 1, auf dem sich rechts und links zwei senkrechte Seitenteile 2 aufbauen. In dem Maschinenbett 1 ist die Werkstückspindel 3 gelagert, die an ihrem oberen Ende eine Aufnahme 4 für das Werkstück 5 aufweist. Die Werkstückspindel 3 wird von einem Elektromotor 6 angetrieben und kann wahlweise kontinuierlich umlaufen oder sie kann durch Achsumschaltung in eine gesteuerte Rundachse (C-Achse) verwandelt werden.The machine body consists of a lower machine bed 1, on which right and left two vertical side parts 2 build. In the machine bed 1, the workpiece spindle 3 is mounted, which has a receptacle 4 for the workpiece 5 at its upper end. The workpiece spindle 3 is driven by an electric motor 6 and can either rotate continuously or it can be converted by Achsumschaltung in a controlled rotary axis (C-axis).

Die beiden Seitenteile 2 tragen an ihrem oberen Ende zwei waagrechte, hintereinander liegende Führungsrohre 7, auf denen die Kugelumlaufführungen 8 laufen. Diese ermöglichen die radiale Werkzeugbewegung (X-Achse) und tragen die Traverse 9. An der Traverse 9 ist rechts und links je ein Führungsrohr 10 befestigt und außerdem trägt es das Zwischenstück 11 zur Aufnahme des Primärteils 12 des Linearmotors mit den Statorwicklungen.The two side parts 2 carry at its upper end two horizontal guide tubes 7 lying one behind the other, on which the recirculating ball guides 8 run. These allow the radial tool movement (X-axis) and carry the cross member 9. On the cross member 9 is a right and left each guide tube 10 is attached and also it carries the Adapter 11 for receiving the primary part 12 of the linear motor with the stator windings.

Die Traverse 9 ist außerdem mit einer Koppelstange 13 verbunden, die die Verbindung zu einem konventionellen Vorschubantrieb 14 herstellt. Mit diesem konventionellen Vorschubantrieb 14 wird die radiale Werkzeugzustellung (in horizontaler Richtung) angetrieben (X-Achse).The traverse 9 is also connected to a coupling rod 13, which establishes the connection to a conventional feed drive 14. With this conventional feed drive 14, the radial tool feed (in the horizontal direction) is driven (X-axis).

Auf den vertikalen Führungsrohren 10 laufen rechts und links je zwei Kugelumlaufführungen 15, die ihrerseits den beweglichen Sekundärteil 16 des Linearmotors tragen und damit die axiale Bewegung ermöglichen (Z-Achse). An dem Sekundärteil 16 des Linearmotors ist der Werkzeugschlitten 17 befestigt, der im dargestellten Beispiel drei Werkzeuge trägt. Das rechte Werkzeug 18 dient zum Bearbeiten der Kontur des Werkstücks 5, während das linke Werkzeug 19 zum Anarbeiten von Fasen am Werkstück 5 dient. Das mittlere Werkzeug 20 ist das Polierwerkzeug.Run on the vertical guide tubes 10 right and left two ball recirculating guides 15, which in turn carry the movable secondary part 16 of the linear motor and thus allow the axial movement (Z-axis). At the secondary part 16 of the linear motor of the tool carriage 17 is attached, which carries three tools in the example shown. The right-hand tool 18 is used to edit the contour of the workpiece 5, while the left-hand tool 19 is used to work chamfers on the workpiece 5. The middle tool 20 is the polishing tool.

Die Funktion der Maschine ist wie folgt:The function of the machine is as follows:

Das Werkstück 5 wird mittels Werkstückspindel 3 in schnelle Umdrehung versetzt. Anschließend wird der Werkzeugschlitten 17 mittels Sekundärteil 16 des Linearmotors in der Z-Achse soweit vertikal nach unten gefahren und mittels konventionellem Vorschubantrieb 14 in der X-Achse soweit horizontal verfahren, dass die Spitze des Werkzeuges 18 den äußeren Rand des Werkstückes 5 gerade berührt. Während anschließend der Vorschubantrieb 14 für eine gleichmäßige Vorschubbewegung von Werkzeugschlitten 17 und Werkzeug 18 in horizontaler, d. h. radialer Richtung sorgt (X-Achse), wird der Werkzeugschlitten 17 mit dem Werkzeug 18 von dem Sekundärteil 16 des Linearmotors in vertikaler, d. h. axialer Richtung (Z-Achse), oszillierend so bewegt, dass die gewünschte Kontur am Werkstück 5 entsteht. Dieser Arbeitsgang kann - falls erforderlich - anschließend mit hoher Schnittgeschwindigkeit bei sehr kleinen Zustellbewegungen in der X-Achse wiederholt werden, um die gewünschte Oberflächenqualität zu erreichen. Anschließend wird die Linse mit Werkzeug 19 am Umfang bearbeitet und mit Werkzeug 20 poliert. Alle Bewegungen in den drei Achsen sind miteinander verknüpft, d. h. sie hängen voneinander ab.The workpiece 5 is set in rapid rotation by means of the workpiece spindle 3. Subsequently, the tool carriage 17 is driven by secondary part 16 of the linear motor in the Z-axis as far down vertically and moved horizontally by conventional feed drive 14 in the X-axis so far that the tip of the tool 18 touches the outer edge of the workpiece 5 straight. While then the feed drive 14 for a uniform feed movement of the tool carriage 17 and tool 18 in a horizontal, ie radial direction provides (X-axis), the tool carriage 17 with the tool 18 of the secondary part 16 of the linear motor in vertical, ie axial direction (Z-axis), oscillating so moved that the desired contour on the workpiece 5 is formed. If necessary, this operation can then be repeated at high cutting speeds for very small infeed movements in the X-axis in order to achieve the desired surface quality. Subsequently, the lens is machined with tool 19 on the circumference and polished with tool 20. All movements in the three axes are linked, ie they depend on each other.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Maschinenbettmachine bed
22
Seitenteilside panel
33
WerkstückspindelWorkpiece spindle
44
WerkstückaufnahmeWorkpiece holder
55
Werkstückworkpiece
66
Elektromotorelectric motor
77
Führungsrohrguide tube
88th
KugelumlaufführungBall bearing guide
99
Traversetraverse
1010
Führungsrohrguide tube
1111
Zwischenstückconnecting piece
1212
Primärteilprimary part
1313
Koppelstangecoupling rod
1414
Vorschubantriebfeed drive
1515
KugelumlaufführungBall bearing guide
1616
Sekundärteilsecondary part
1717
Werkzeugschlittentool slide
1818
WerkzeugTool
1919
WerkzeugTool
2020
WerkzeugTool
2121
Polierbahnpolishing sheet
2222
Polierbahnpolishing sheet
2323
Werkstückworkpiece
2424
MittelpunktFocus

Claims (9)

  1. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface of a workpiece with at least one processing stage, in which at least one processing step is conducted using a cutting tool, whereby the cutting tool, due to the advance speed, works in adjacent grooves which run in the direction of the circumference into the workpiece, characterized in that
    a) in the first processing step, the rotational speed of the workpiece is increased from an initial value ωs at the start of processing to an end value ωe towards the end of processing, whereby ωs has a value of between 750 rpm and 6000 rpm or between 750 rpm and 3000 rpm, and ωe has a value of between 750 rpm and 6000 rpm, between 750 rpm and 3000 rpm or between rpm and 6000 rpm
    b) the distance d between two adjacent grooves is modified by an initial value ds at the start of processing to an end value de towards the end of processing the workpiece, whereby ds has a value of between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm, 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm or 0.15 mm and 0.2 m, and de has a value of between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm, 0.05 and 0.1 mm, or 0.15 mm and 0.2 mm.
  2. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in a second processing step, the distance d between two adjacent grooves is set to a value between 0.003 mm and 0.01 mm or between 0.008 mm and 0.055 mm.
  3. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the advance speed S is kept constant in the radial direction of the workpiece.
  4. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the modification of the distance d of the grooves is constant.
  5. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that
    a) the cutting speed SC during a processing step is kept approximately constant, whereby SC comprises a value of between 1 m/s and 24 m/s, in particular, between 5 m/s and 12 m/s
    b) the cutting speed SC is kept constant from the outside inwards via a partial radius RT of the workpiece, whereby RT is between 0 % and 87.5 % or between 0 % and 85 % of the total radius
  6. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in a second processing stage, the workpiece (23) is processed using a polishing tool, whereby the distance dP between two polishing tracks (21, 22) which are generated in succession and adjacent to each other is between 1 mm and 20 mm in the radial direction at the most, or is between 5 mm and 15 mm.
  7. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
    a) at least one continuous polishing track (21) is generated on the workpiece (23), whereby the polishing track (21) intersects on at least one point K1 on the workpiece
    b) several continuous polishing tracks (21, 22) are generated on the workpiece (23), whereby the polishing tracks (21, 22) intersect on at least one point S1 on the workpiece (23).
  8. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that
    a) the cutting tool is moved in a translatory manner during processing in the direction of its rotational axis
    b) the direction of the translatory movement of the cutting tool is changed at least once for each revolution of the workpiece
    c) the frequency of the translatory movement is between 12.5 Hz and 100 Hz or between 30 Hz and 70 Hz.
  9. A procedure for manufacturing an optically active surface according to claim 8, characterized in that the translatory movement is conducted as a lifting or lowering movement.
EP03102667A 2002-08-30 2003-08-28 Method for producing an optical lens Expired - Lifetime EP1393855B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002140783 DE10240783B4 (en) 2002-08-30 2002-08-30 Method for producing optical lenses
DE10240783 2002-08-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1393855A1 EP1393855A1 (en) 2004-03-03
EP1393855B1 true EP1393855B1 (en) 2007-02-07

Family

ID=31197595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03102667A Expired - Lifetime EP1393855B1 (en) 2002-08-30 2003-08-28 Method for producing an optical lens

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1393855B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE353268T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10240783B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2279931T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021133373A1 (en) 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 tooz technologies GmbH MACHINING OF EXTRA-AXIAL OPTICAL WORKPIECES

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29623288U1 (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-03-19 Schneider GmbH + Co. KG, 35239 Steffenberg High-speed lathe for the production of optically active surfaces
US6074281A (en) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-13 Dac Vision, Inc. Fining and polishing machine and method for ophthalmic lenses
FR2805767B1 (en) * 2000-03-06 2002-06-21 Essilor Int METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SURFACE OF AN OPHTHALMIC LENS, INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD AND OPHTHALMIC LENS OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THE PROCESS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50306452D1 (en) 2007-03-22
EP1393855A1 (en) 2004-03-03
ES2279931T3 (en) 2007-09-01
ATE353268T1 (en) 2007-02-15
DE10240783B4 (en) 2005-01-13
DE10240783A1 (en) 2004-03-18

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