EP1387082A2 - Component of an internal combustion engine with a tribological exposed element - Google Patents
Component of an internal combustion engine with a tribological exposed element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1387082A2 EP1387082A2 EP03007079A EP03007079A EP1387082A2 EP 1387082 A2 EP1387082 A2 EP 1387082A2 EP 03007079 A EP03007079 A EP 03007079A EP 03007079 A EP03007079 A EP 03007079A EP 1387082 A2 EP1387082 A2 EP 1387082A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- hard material
- counter body
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9038—Coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a component of an internal combustion engine, in particular an injection system or an injection valve, with a tribologically stressed component, the Use and a gas engine with this component according to the preamble of the main claim.
- Valves based on petrol injectors are sometimes used in gas engines. Because the natural gas that has been used up to now is usually oil-sealed Compressors contain a small amount of oil, the valves used have a sufficiently long service life, since even the smallest amounts of oil for a reliable Operation sufficient.
- Hard material layers as wear protection coatings for cutting and pressing tools lead to a significant increase in tool life.
- Known hard material layers are chromium nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, vanadium nitride, niobium nitride, titanium aluminum nitride, Chrome-aluminum-nitride or zirconium-aluminum-nitride layers and their combination as multilayers, for example in the form of titanium-aluminum nitride / chromium nitride or titanium nitride / vanadium nitride or titanium nitride / niobium nitride.
- such hard material coatings have a high Have temperature resistance so that they can be used to coat drills and cutting tools, at which temperatures of up to 600 ° C occur to increase their lifespan.
- the object of the invention was to provide a component of an internal combustion engine, in particular an injection system or an injection valve with a tribologically stressed Component that is provided with a coating such that this component can also be used in an internal combustion engine with a dry, in particular oil-free gas is operated as fuel.
- the component of an internal combustion engine according to the invention has compared to the state of the Technology has the advantage that it is in a dry and / or oil-free environment a carbon-containing coating or a component without a coating has a significantly higher resistance to wear.
- a component according to the invention was made in the form of a coated test specimen Steel (100Cr6 steel) loaded with an oscillating ball, being the measure of durability the coating is the time until it fails.
- nitridic inorganic hard material coatings showed in this context properties significantly better than those of conventional carbon-containing layers.
- a lubricating film is normally used in lubricated contacts separates the two friction partners, while under mixed friction conditions, i.e. for example in the area of the reversal points of an oscillating movement, or under extreme Operating parameters, such as an injection valve, to a lubricant film tear and thus a direct solid-state contact of the two rubbing against each other Surfaces is coming.
- mixed friction conditions i.e. for example in the area of the reversal points of an oscillating movement, or under extreme Operating parameters, such as an injection valve, to a lubricant film tear and thus a direct solid-state contact of the two rubbing against each other Surfaces is coming.
- Especially under dry, especially oil-free operating conditions or applications is not a separating medium between the two rubbing each other Surfaces available, so that there is solid-state contact of the rubbing against each other Forms surfaces that exist over the entire operating life of the component. Therefore, this is to be interpreted in such a way that this "operating state" does not lead to
- the inorganic hard material coatings of the invention tribologically stressed component achieves the function of the dry, oil-free conditions at least partially existing lubricating film can take over.
- the inorganic hard material coating thus initially avoids that direct contact between two steel surfaces or metal surfaces and / or reduced their tendency to adhere. It further reduces the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces and causes a kind of solid lubrication. Eventually due to the inorganic hard material coating also the chemical reactivity of each other rubbing surfaces, i.e. the surfaces of the counter body and the component, reduced.
- the inorganic hard material coating provided according to the invention thus brings about on the surface area of the tribologically stressed component, that this is wear-resistant even under non-lubricated, absolutely dry conditions is working.
- both the counter body and the component in the surface area in which both are in frictional contact during operation of the component stand with each other, with an at least largely inorganic hard material coating is provided, which preferably has the same structure and / or the same composition exhibit.
- the applied hard material coating on the Component and / or has several partial layers on the counter body as in State of the art also common in the coating of cutting or pressing tools is.
- the counter body is particularly suitable for a PVD process or a PECVD process, such as it is widely known from the prior art.
- the inorganic hard material coating of the component and / or the counter body is a nanostructured layer, in particular one Layer with nanocrystalline titanium nitride, which is in a matrix of amorphous silicon nitride is embedded.
- the component of the internal combustion engine is particularly suitable for use in an injection valve or an injection system that uses alternative gaseous and dry Fuel such as natural gas or hydrogen is applied.
- the component is preferred or the counter body is an inlet valve, a sealing seat, a guide area Injection needle or a seat area of an injection needle of an injection system or Injector.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a schematic diagram of a front part of a Injection needle in the area of a nozzle opening.
- the invention is explained using the example of an injection nozzle, in which there is a relative thereto moving injection needle is located.
- FIG. 1 shows a front part as a tribologically stressed component 10 this injection needle, which in a counter body 11, i.e. in the example explained one Seat for the injection needle, is moved.
- This occurs under dry, oil-free combustion conditions in an internal combustion engine with an injection system or Injector is provided with the components according to Figure 1, a non-lubricated Solid-state contact in a surface area 12 of the component 10 with respect to one Surface area 13 of the counter body 11.
- the component according to FIG. 1 is special Part of a gas engine such as a natural gas engine or a hydrogen engine, and there in turn part of an injection system or injection valve of this engine.
- Figure 1 further shows how in the surface area 12 of the tribologically stressed Component 10 an at least largely inorganic hard material coating 14 is applied.
- the surface area 13 of the counter body 11 and the Surface area 12 of the component 10 in rubbing contact with one another, wherein a there is no lubricated solid-state contact.
- the thickness of the inorganic hard material coatings 14, 15 of the component 10 or of the counter body 11 is preferably in each case between 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, in particular 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic hard material coatings 14, 15 according to FIG. 1 are each via a PVD process ("physical vapor deposition") or a PECVD process ("physically enhanced chemical vapor deposition") deposited hard material coatings, which is a carbonitridic, nitridic, oxinitridic or oxidic Have layer or several such sub-layers or consist thereof.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PECVD physically enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- the hard material coating 14 of the component 10 and the hard material coating are preferred 15 of the counter body 11 a layer selected from the group CrN, TiN, ZrN, VN, NbN, TiAlN, CrAlN or ZrAlN or a combination of such layers a multiple or multiple layer, in particular the shape or with the layer sequence TiN / VN or TiN / NbN.
- the hard material coating 14, 15 of the component 10 and / or the counter body 11 or a partial layer of the hard material coating 14, 15 also a nanostructured one Layer, in particular a layer with nanocrystalline titanium nitride embedded in an amorphous silicon nitride matrix
- wear protection optimized for the respective application can be achieved also a combination layer or an alloy layer with different of the layer systems or nanostructured layers explained be, these layers or sub-layers in their material composition and their properties as required, homogeneous, non-homogeneous, graded or structured are built up.
- the guide area of an injection needle is included the inorganic hard material coating 14, 15 provided.
- the Seat area of an injection needle for example to prevent an injection quantity hits, be coated accordingly.
- a steel test specimen (10Cr6) was provided with a coating and then loaded with an oscillating ball.
- the load (normal force) was 10 Newtons, the vibration range 200 ⁇ m, the vibration frequency 40 Hz, the ambient temperature 50 ° C, the test time 1 hour and the thickness of the applied on the test specimen Coating 2 ⁇ m. Dry nitrogen was used as the ambient medium a residual moisture of less than 1% is used.
- a coating of diamond-like carbon (DLC layer) showed among them Conditions already fail after about 10 minutes.
- An inorganic hard material coating made of titanium nitride showed one in this test Layer wear of only 0.2 ⁇ m.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauteil eines Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere ein Einspritzsystem oder ein Einspritzventil, mit einem tribologisch beanspruchten Bauelement, dessen Verwendung sowie einen Gasmotor mit diesem Bauteil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a component of an internal combustion engine, in particular an injection system or an injection valve, with a tribologically stressed component, the Use and a gas engine with this component according to the preamble of the main claim.
In Gasmotoren werden teilweise Ventile auf Basis von Benzin-Einspritzventilen eingesetzt. Da das bislang in der Regel zum Einsatz kommende Erdgas aufgrund ölgedichteter Kompressoren einen geringen Anteil von Öl enthält, besitzen die eingesetzten Ventile eine ausreichend lange Funktionsdauer, da schon geringste Mengen von Öl für einen zuverlässigen Betrieb ausreichen.Valves based on petrol injectors are sometimes used in gas engines. Because the natural gas that has been used up to now is usually oil-sealed Compressors contain a small amount of oil, the valves used have a sufficiently long service life, since even the smallest amounts of oil for a reliable Operation sufficient.
Bei zukünftigen Anwendungen ist jedoch damit zu rechnen, dass Gasmotoren zunehmend mit ölfrei verdichten und gleichzeitig mit nahezu vollständig insbesondere mit Hilfe eines Kältetrockners getrockneten Gasen betrieben werden.In future applications, however, gas engines are expected to grow compress with oil-free and at the same time with almost completely, especially with the help of a Refrigeration dryer dried gases are operated.
Versuche mit solchen ölfreien, trockenen Gasen bei Motoren mit Benzineinspritzventilen nach dem Stand der Technik haben gezeigt, dass dadurch die Funktionsdauer der Ventile von bisher einigen Tausend Stunden auf wenige Stunden zurückgeht. Insbesondere wurde festgestellt, dass Ventilnadeln bereits nach 10 h bis 100 h Betriebs- oder Versuchsdauerdauer mit trockenem Stickstoff fressen. Diese Problematik betrifft auch weitere trockene Gase wie beispielsweise Wasserstoff.Experiments with such oil-free, dry gases in engines with gasoline injection valves according to the prior art have shown that this extends the service life of the valves from a few thousand hours to a few hours. In particular, was found that valve needles already after 10 h to 100 h of operation or test duration eat with dry nitrogen. This problem also affects other dry ones Gases such as hydrogen.
Um einen Verschleißschutz von tribologisch hochbelasteten Bauteilen, beispielsweise in Komponenten von Einspritzsystemen oder Einspritzventilen, bereitzustellen, werden seit vielen Jahren kohlenstoffhaltige Schichten, insbesondere DLC-Schichten ("diamond-like carbon") oder iC-WC-Schichten eingesetzt. Auch diese versagen jedoch bei einem Einsatz in absolut trockener Umgebung und bringen unter diesen Bedingungen keinerlei Verbesserung gegenüber Bauelementen ohne eine derartige Beschichtung.In order to protect components subject to high wear and tear, for example in Providing components of injection systems or injection valves has been around since carbon-containing layers, in particular DLC layers ("diamond-like carbon ") or iC-WC layers. However, these also fail when used in an absolutely dry environment and do not bring anything under these conditions Improvement over components without such a coating.
Schließlich ist bekannt, dass durch reaktives Sputtern oder eine Arc-Abscheidung anorganische Hartstoffschichten als Verschleißschutzbeschichten für Schneid- und Presswerkzeuge zu einer deutlichen Standzeitverlängerung führen. Bekannte Hartstoffschichten sind Chromnitrid-, Titannitrid-, Zirkoniumnitrid-, Vanadiumnitrid-, Niobnitrid-, Titan-Aluminium-Nitrid-, Chrom-Aluminium-Nitrid- oder Zirkonium-Aluminium-Nitrid-Schichten sowie deren Kombination als Multischichten, beispielsweise der Form Titan-Aluminium-Nitrid/Chromnitrid oder Titannitrid/Vanadiumnitrid oder Titannitrid/Niobnitrid. Daneben ist bekannt, dass derartige Hartstoffbeschichtungen eine hohe Temperaturfestigkeit aufweisen, so dass sie zur Beschichtung von Bohrern und Zerspanwerkzeugen, bei denen im Einsatz Temperaturen von bis zu 600° C auftreten, verwendet werden können, um deren Lebensdauer zu erhöhen.Finally, it is known to be inorganic by reactive sputtering or arc deposition Hard material layers as wear protection coatings for cutting and pressing tools lead to a significant increase in tool life. Known hard material layers are chromium nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, vanadium nitride, niobium nitride, titanium aluminum nitride, Chrome-aluminum-nitride or zirconium-aluminum-nitride layers and their combination as multilayers, for example in the form of titanium-aluminum nitride / chromium nitride or titanium nitride / vanadium nitride or titanium nitride / niobium nitride. In addition, it is known that such hard material coatings have a high Have temperature resistance so that they can be used to coat drills and cutting tools, at which temperatures of up to 600 ° C occur to increase their lifespan.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war die Bereitstellung eines Bauteils eines Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere ein Einspritzsystem oder ein Einspritzventil, mit einem tribologisch beanspruchten Bauteil, das mit einer Beschichtung derart versehen ist, dass dieses Bauteil auch in einem Verbrennungsmotor eingesetzt werden kann, der mit einem trockenen, insbesondere ölfreien Gas als Brennstoff betrieben wird.The object of the invention was to provide a component of an internal combustion engine, in particular an injection system or an injection valve with a tribologically stressed Component that is provided with a coating such that this component can also be used in an internal combustion engine with a dry, in particular oil-free gas is operated as fuel.
Das erfindungsgemäße Bauteil eines Verbrennungsmotors hat gegenüber dem Stand der Technik den Vorteil, dass es in trockener Umgebung und/oder ölfreier Umgebung gegenüber einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Beschichtung oder einem Bauelement ohne Beschichtung eine deutlich höhere Beständigkeit gegenüber Verschleiß aufweist.The component of an internal combustion engine according to the invention has compared to the state of the Technology has the advantage that it is in a dry and / or oil-free environment a carbon-containing coating or a component without a coating has a significantly higher resistance to wear.
Insbesondere konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit einer anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtung versehene Einspritzventile in einem Modellverschleißtest (Schwingverschleiß) gegenüber unbeschichteten Einspritzventilen oder einem mit einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Schicht (DLC-Schicht) versehenen Einspritzventilen deutlich verbesserte Standzeiten unter trockenen und ölfreien Verbrennungsbedingungen in einem Verbrennungsmotor aufweisen. In particular, it could be shown that with an inorganic hard material coating provided injectors in a model wear test (vibration wear) uncoated injectors or one with a carbon-containing layer (DLC layer) provided injection valves significantly improved service life under dry and have oil-free combustion conditions in an internal combustion engine.
Dazu wurde ein erfindungsgemäßes Bauteil in Form eines beschichteten Prüfkörpers aus Stahl (100Cr6-Stahl) mit einer oszillierenden Kugel belastet, wobei das Maß für die Beständigkeit der Beschichtung die Zeit bis zu ihrem Versagen ist.For this purpose, a component according to the invention was made in the form of a coated test specimen Steel (100Cr6 steel) loaded with an oscillating ball, being the measure of durability the coating is the time until it fails.
Vor allem nitridische anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtungen zeigten in diesem Zusammenhang gegenüber üblichen kohlenstoffhaltigen Schichten deutlich bessere Eigenschaften.In particular, nitridic inorganic hard material coatings showed in this context properties significantly better than those of conventional carbon-containing layers.
Daraus ergibt sich, dass sich die Vorteile von kohlenstoffhaltigen Schichten bei Benzinoder Diesel-Einspritzsystemen, die Benzin oder Diesel als Umgebungsmedium haben, unter sehr trockenen und/oder ölfreien Umgebungsbedingungen, d.h. bei Einsatz von trockenem, ölfreiem Erdgas oder Wasserstoff, in einen Nachteil verkehren bzw. sich das Aufbringen solcher kohlenstoffhaltiger Schichten als nutzlos erweist, wohingegen der angestrebte Verschleißschutz in diesem Fall durch die erfindungsgemäße anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung gewährleistet werden kann.It follows that the advantages of carbonaceous layers in gasoline or Diesel injection systems using petrol or diesel as the ambient medium under very dry and / or oil-free environmental conditions, i.e. when using dry, oil-free natural gas or hydrogen, turn into a disadvantage or that Application of such carbon-containing layers proves to be useless, whereas the desired one Wear protection in this case by the inventive inorganic Hard material coating can be guaranteed.
Dabei ist zu beachten, dass in geschmierten Kontakten normalerweise ein Schmierfilm die beiden Reibpartner trennt, während es unter Mischreibungsbedingungen, d.h. beispielsweise im Bereich der Umkehrpunkte einer oszillierenden Bewegung, oder unter extremen Betriebsparametern, beispielsweise einem Einspritzventil, zu einem Schmierfilmabriss und damit zu einem direkten Festkörperkontakt der beiden aufeinander reibenden Oberflächen kommt. Gerade unter trockenen, insbesondere ölfreien Betriebsbedingungen bzw. Anwendungen, ist kein trennendes Medium zwischen den beiden aufeinanderreibenden Oberflächen vorhanden, so dass sich ein Festkörperkontakt der aufeinander reibenden Oberflächen ausbildet, der über die gesamte Betriebsdauer des Bauteils besteht. Daher ist dieses so auszulegen, dass dieser "Betriebszustand" nicht zu einem Fressen oder einem vorzeitigen Versagen führt.It should be noted that a lubricating film is normally used in lubricated contacts separates the two friction partners, while under mixed friction conditions, i.e. for example in the area of the reversal points of an oscillating movement, or under extreme Operating parameters, such as an injection valve, to a lubricant film tear and thus a direct solid-state contact of the two rubbing against each other Surfaces is coming. Especially under dry, especially oil-free operating conditions or applications, is not a separating medium between the two rubbing each other Surfaces available, so that there is solid-state contact of the rubbing against each other Forms surfaces that exist over the entire operating life of the component. Therefore, this is to be interpreted in such a way that this "operating state" does not lead to fretting or leads to premature failure.
Insgesamt wird durch die erfindungsgemäße anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtungen des tribologisch beanspruchten Bauelementes erreicht, dass diese die Funktion des bei trockenen, ölfreien Bedingungen nicht mehr vorhandenen Schmierfilms zumindest teilweise übernehmen kann. Die anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung vermeidet somit zunächst den direkten Kontakt zwischen zwei Stahloberflächen oder Metalloberflächen und/oder reduziert deren Adhäsionsneigung. Weiter reduziert sie den Reibwert zwischen den beiden betreffenden Oberflächen und bewirkt eine Art Festkörperschmierung. Schließlich wird durch die anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung auch die chemische Reaktivität der aufeinander reibenden Oberflächen, d.h. der Oberflächen des Gegenkörpers und des Bauelementes, vermindert. Damit bewirkt die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung auf dem Oberflächenbereich des tribologisch beanspruchten Bauelementes, dass dieses auch unter nicht geschmierten, absolut trockenen Bedingungen verschleißarm arbeitet.Overall, the inorganic hard material coatings of the invention tribologically stressed component achieves the function of the dry, oil-free conditions at least partially existing lubricating film can take over. The inorganic hard material coating thus initially avoids that direct contact between two steel surfaces or metal surfaces and / or reduced their tendency to adhere. It further reduces the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces and causes a kind of solid lubrication. Eventually due to the inorganic hard material coating also the chemical reactivity of each other rubbing surfaces, i.e. the surfaces of the counter body and the component, reduced. The inorganic hard material coating provided according to the invention thus brings about on the surface area of the tribologically stressed component, that this is wear-resistant even under non-lubricated, absolutely dry conditions is working.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den in den Unteransprüchen genannten Maßnahmen.Advantageous further developments of the invention result from the subclaims measures mentioned.
So ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn sowohl der Gegenkörper als auch das Bauelement in dem Oberflächenbereich, in dem beide bei Betrieb des Bauelementes in reibenden Kontakt miteinander stehen, mit einer zumindest weitgehend anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtung versehen ist, die bevorzugt einen gleichen Aufbau und/oder eine gleiche Zusammensetzung aufweisen..It is particularly advantageous if both the counter body and the component in the surface area in which both are in frictional contact during operation of the component stand with each other, with an at least largely inorganic hard material coating is provided, which preferably has the same structure and / or the same composition exhibit..
Weiter ist vielfach vorteilhaft, wenn die aufgebrachte Hartstoffbeschichtung auf dem Bauelement und/oder auf dem Gegenkörper mehrere Teilschichten aufweist, wie dies im Stand der Technik auch bei der Beschichtung von Schneid- oder Presswerkzeugen üblich ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es weiter vorteilhaft möglich, die Hartstoffbeschichtung oder zumindest eine Teilschicht der Hartstoffbeschichtung als Schicht mit einer homogenen, gradierten oder strukturierten Materialzusammensetzung auszuführen.It is often advantageous if the applied hard material coating on the Component and / or has several partial layers on the counter body, as in State of the art also common in the coating of cutting or pressing tools is. In this context, it is also advantageously possible to coat the hard material or at least a partial layer of the hard material coating as a layer with a homogeneous, graded or structured material composition.
Zur Erzeugung der anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtung auf dem Bauelement oder dem Gegenkörper eignet sich besonders ein PVD-Verfahren oder ein PECVD-Verfahren, wie es aus dem Stand der Technik vielfach bekannt ist.To generate the inorganic hard material coating on the component or the The counter body is particularly suitable for a PVD process or a PECVD process, such as it is widely known from the prior art.
Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung des Bauelementes und/oder des Gegenkörpers eine nanostrukturierte Schicht ist, insbesondere eine Schicht mit nanokristallinem Titannitrid, das in eine Matrix aus amorphem Siliziumnitrid eingebettet ist.It is very particularly advantageous if the inorganic hard material coating of the component and / or the counter body is a nanostructured layer, in particular one Layer with nanocrystalline titanium nitride, which is in a matrix of amorphous silicon nitride is embedded.
Das Bauteil des Verbrennungsmotors eignet sich vor allem zum Einsatz in einem Einspritzventil oder einem Einspritzsystem, das mit alternativen gasförmigen und trockenen Kraftstoffen wie Erdgas oder Wasserstoff beaufschlagt wird. Bevorzugt ist das Bauelement oder der Gegenkörper ein Einlassventil, ein Dichtsitz, ein Führungsbereich einer Einspritznadel oder ein Sitzbereich einer Einspritznadel eines Einspritzsystems oder eines Einspritzventils.The component of the internal combustion engine is particularly suitable for use in an injection valve or an injection system that uses alternative gaseous and dry Fuel such as natural gas or hydrogen is applied. The component is preferred or the counter body is an inlet valve, a sealing seat, a guide area Injection needle or a seat area of an injection needle of an injection system or Injector.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch eine Prinzipskizze eines vorderen Teils einer Einspritznadel im Bereich einer Düsenöffnung.The invention will become apparent from the drawing and the description below explained. 1 shows a section through a schematic diagram of a front part of a Injection needle in the area of a nozzle opening.
Die Erfindung wird am Beispiel einer Einspritzdüse erläutert, in der sich eine relativ dazu bewegte Einspritznadel befindet.The invention is explained using the example of an injection nozzle, in which there is a relative thereto moving injection needle is located.
Die Figur 1 zeigt dazu als tribologisch beanspruchtes Bauelement 10 einen vorderen Teil
dieser Einspritznadel, die in einem Gegenkörper 11, d.h. im erläuterten Beispiel einen
Sitz für die Einspritznadel, bewegt wird. Dabei tritt unter trockenen, ölfreien Verbrennungsbedingungen
in einem Verbrennungsmotor, der mit einem Einspritzsystem bzw. einem
Einspritzventil mit den Bauteilen gemäß Figur 1 versehen ist, ein nicht geschmierter
Festkörperkontakt in einen Oberflächenbereich 12 des Bauelementes 10 gegenüber einem
Oberflächenbereich 13 des Gegenkörpers 11 auf. Das Bauteil gemäß Figur 1 ist insbesondere
Teil eines Gasmotors wie eines Erdgasmotors oder eines Wasserstoffmotors, und
dort wiederum Teil eines Einspritzsystems oder Einspritzventils dieses Motors.FIG. 1 shows a front part as a tribologically
Die Figur 1 zeigt weiter, wie in dem Oberflächenbereich 12 des tribologisch beanspruchten
Bauelementes 10 eine zumindest weitgehend anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung 14
aufgebracht ist. Daneben ist auch in dem Oberflächenbereich 13 des Gegenkörpers 11 eine
entsprechende, zumindest weitgehend anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung 15 vorgehen.
Insofern stehen bei Betrieb der Oberflächenbereich 13 des Gegenkörpers 11 und der
Oberflächenbereich 12 des Bauelementes 10 in reibenden Kontakt miteinander, wobei ein
nicht geschmierter Festkörperkontakt vorliegt.Figure 1 further shows how in the surface area 12 of the tribologically
Die Dicke der anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtungen 14, 15 des Bauelementes 10 bzw.
des Gegenkörpers 11liegt bevorzugt jeweils zwischen 0,5 µm bis 5 µm, insbesondere
1 µm bis 3 µm. The thickness of the inorganic hard material coatings 14, 15 of the
Im Einzelnen sind die anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtungen 14, 15 gemäß Figur 1 jeweils über ein PVD-Verfahren ("physical vapour deposition") oder ein PECVD-Verfahren ("physically enhanced chemical vapour deposition") abgeschiedene Hartstoffbeschichtungen, die eine carbonitridische, nitridische, oxinitridische oder oxidische Schicht oder mehrere derartige Teilschichten aufweisen oder daraus bestehen.In detail, the inorganic hard material coatings 14, 15 according to FIG. 1 are each via a PVD process ("physical vapor deposition") or a PECVD process ("physically enhanced chemical vapor deposition") deposited hard material coatings, which is a carbonitridic, nitridic, oxinitridic or oxidic Have layer or several such sub-layers or consist thereof.
Bevorzugt ist die Hartstoffbeschichtung 14 des Bauelementes 10 und die Hartstoffbeschichtung
15 des Gegenkörpers 11 eine Schicht ausgewählt aus der Gruppe CrN, TiN,
ZrN, VN, NbN, TiAlN, CrAlN oder ZrAlN oder eine Kombination solcher Schichten zu
einer Mehrfach- oder Vielfachschicht, insbesondere der Form oder mit der Schichtfolge
TiN/VN oder TiN/NbN.The hard material coating 14 of the
Weiter kann die Hartstoffbeschichtung 14, 15 des Bauelementes 10 und/oder des Gegenkörpers
11 oder eine Teilschicht der Hartstoffbeschichtung 14, 15 auch eine nanostrukturierte
Schicht, insbesondere eine Schicht mit nanokristallinem Titannitrid eingebettet in
eine Matrix aus amorphem Siliziumnitrid, seinFurthermore, the hard material coating 14, 15 of the
Schließlich kann zur Erzielung eines auf die jeweilige Anwendung optimierten Verschleißschutzes auch eine Kombinationsschicht oder eine Legierungsschicht mit verschiedenen der erläuterten Schichtsystemen oder nanostrukturierten Schichten vorgesehen sein, wobei diese Schichten oder Teilschichten in ihrer Materialzusammensetzung und ihren Eigenschaften je nach Bedarf homogen, nicht homogen, gradiert oder strukturiert aufgebaut sind.Finally, wear protection optimized for the respective application can be achieved also a combination layer or an alloy layer with different of the layer systems or nanostructured layers explained be, these layers or sub-layers in their material composition and their properties as required, homogeneous, non-homogeneous, graded or structured are built up.
Wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, wird insbesondere der Führungsbereich einer Einspritznadel mit der anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtung 14, 15 versehen. Daneben kann jedoch auch der Sitzbereich einer Einspritznadel, beispielsweise zur Verhinderung einer Einspritzmenge trifft, entsprechend beschichtet sein.As shown in FIG. 1, in particular the guide area of an injection needle is included the inorganic hard material coating 14, 15 provided. In addition, the Seat area of an injection needle, for example to prevent an injection quantity hits, be coated accordingly.
Zum Nachweis der verbesserten Eigenschaften des Bauteils eines Verbrennungsmotors unter trockenen, ölfreien Bedingungen wurden Vergleichsversuche durchgeführt.To prove the improved properties of the component of an internal combustion engine Comparative tests were carried out under dry, oil-free conditions.
Dazu wurde ein Prüfkörper aus Stahl (10Cr6) mit einer Beschichtung versehen und anschließend mit einer oszillierenden Kugel belastet. Die Last (Normalkraft) betrug dabei 10 Newton, die Schwingungsweite 200 µm, die Schwingungsfrequenz 40 Hz, die Umgebungstemperatur 50°C, die Prüfzeit 1 Stunde und die Dicke der auf dem Prüfkörper aufgebrachten Beschichtung 2 µm. Als Umgebungsmedium wurde trockener Stickstoff mit einer Restfeuchtigkeit kleiner 1% eingesetzt.For this purpose, a steel test specimen (10Cr6) was provided with a coating and then loaded with an oscillating ball. The load (normal force) was 10 Newtons, the vibration range 200 µm, the vibration frequency 40 Hz, the ambient temperature 50 ° C, the test time 1 hour and the thickness of the applied on the test specimen Coating 2 µm. Dry nitrogen was used as the ambient medium a residual moisture of less than 1% is used.
Eine Beschichtung aus diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC-Schicht) zeigte unter diesen Bedingungen bereits ein Versagen nach ca. 10 Minuten.A coating of diamond-like carbon (DLC layer) showed among them Conditions already fail after about 10 minutes.
Eine anorganische Hartstoffbeschichtung aus Titannitrid zeigte bei diesem Versuch einen Schichtverschleiß von lediglich 0,2 µm.An inorganic hard material coating made of titanium nitride showed one in this test Layer wear of only 0.2 µm.
Bei einer anorganischen Hartstoffbeschichtung in Form einer Vielfachschicht mit der Schichtabfolge CrN/TiAlN wurde bei diesem Versuch ein Schichtverschleiß von 0,3 µm beobachtet.In the case of an inorganic hard material coating in the form of a multilayer with the Layer sequence CrN / TiAlN resulted in a layer wear of 0.3 µm in this test observed.
Eine Hartstoffbeschichtung mit nanoskaligem Titannitrid, das in eine Matrix aus amorphem Siliziumnitrid eingebettet ist, zeigte unter diesen Bedingungen ebenfalls einen Schichtverschleiß von 0,3µm.A hard material coating with nanoscale titanium nitride, which is in a matrix of amorphous Embedded silicon nitride also showed one under these conditions Layer wear of 0.3 µm.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10234588 | 2002-07-30 | ||
| DE10234588A DE10234588A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Component of an internal combustion engine with a tribologically stressed component |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1387082A2 true EP1387082A2 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
| EP1387082A3 EP1387082A3 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
Family
ID=30010505
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03007079A Withdrawn EP1387082A3 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-03-28 | Component of an internal combustion engine with a tribological exposed element |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040187798A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1387082A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10234588A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009038637A1 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-03-26 | Caterpillar Inc. | Valve with thin-film coating |
| DE102008025175A1 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2009-12-03 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Producing slip-rolling resistant thin film on highly stressed liquid-lubricated substrate serving as frictional partner in closed tribosystem, comprises depositing zirconium and zirconium nitride and/or -carbonitride directly on substrate |
| WO2010116221A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-10-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine |
| WO2015155275A1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-15 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Trübbach | Tribological system with reduced counter body wear |
| CN110373519A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-25 | 重庆文理学院 | A kind of preparation method of the stainless steel of high-hardness wear-resistant |
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| DE102005038385A1 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-22 | Siemens Ag | A fuel injector and method for increasing the resistance of such a nozzle against operational deterioration of the injection characteristics |
| CN100482855C (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-04-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | CrN/CrAlN protective coating capable of resisting high temperature corrosion in wide temperature range and preparing method |
| US20080152491A1 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-06-26 | Davies Lucy V | Coatings for use in fuel system components |
| US20090026292A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Coatings for use in fuel system components |
| JP4492696B2 (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection valve |
| US9051910B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2015-06-09 | Caterpillar Inc. | Valve assembly for fuel system and method |
| US9453486B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-27 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | Gas direct injector with reduced leakage |
| CN106048538B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-04-17 | 济宁学院 | AlZrN multiple elements designs hard coated cutting tool and its preparation process |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10234588A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
| EP1387082A3 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
| US20040187798A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
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