EP1382750B1 - Procédé de compaction du sol - Google Patents

Procédé de compaction du sol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1382750B1
EP1382750B1 EP03254512A EP03254512A EP1382750B1 EP 1382750 B1 EP1382750 B1 EP 1382750B1 EP 03254512 A EP03254512 A EP 03254512A EP 03254512 A EP03254512 A EP 03254512A EP 1382750 B1 EP1382750 B1 EP 1382750B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground
additional material
lance
amelioration
lance member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03254512A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1382750A1 (fr
Inventor
Roger Alfred Bullivant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roxbury Ltd
Original Assignee
Roxbury Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0216701A external-priority patent/GB0216701D0/en
Application filed by Roxbury Ltd filed Critical Roxbury Ltd
Publication of EP1382750A1 publication Critical patent/EP1382750A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1382750B1 publication Critical patent/EP1382750B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ground improvement, particularly, but not exclusively, prior to building.
  • Document GB-A-2286613 describes a method of ground improvement which comprises forcing one or more mandrels into the ground to be improved by applying vibratory force having at least a generally vertical component of movement to the mandrel 10 until it reaches predetermined depths thereafter removing the mandrel from the hole or holes which it has formed in the ground, filling the hole or holes with particulate material and, optionally, reintroducing the mandrel into the hole to compact and outwardly displace the particulate material prior to filling the hole again with further particulate material.
  • Document GB-A-2366819 describes a pillar formed by creating a vertical hole in the ground, and filling this with particulate material such as stone.
  • a void is created at the top of the pillar by dropping a device onto the pillar.
  • the void is filled with concrete.
  • a concrete raft can be formed over the pillar.
  • the present invention provides a method of ground improvement, in which an array of locations is locally improved by forming elongate cavities, introducing additional material into the cavities, and providing a cap formation at each improved location by forming a depression at the surface and filling the depression with material, characterised in that the cavities are formed by vibrating a lance member into the ground repeatedly at each location, withdrawing the lance member, and reintroducing the lance member after the additional material is introduced, to compact the additional material and the surrounding ground, and in which the additional material includes ground amelioration material and a surface layer of the ground is disturbed to mix the ground with a ground amelioration material to form a pavement which interconnects the cap formations at the improved locations.
  • ground amelioration material refers to a material which consists of, or includes, a binder capable of increasing cohesion in material such as soil.
  • the binder may be a settable material such as a cementitious material.
  • the binder is cement.
  • bitumen may be used as a binder.
  • Ground amelioration material may also incorporate additional granular material such as pulverised fuel ash, and hydrophilic material such as quick lime, to assist in controlling pore pressure of the material and of the surrounding ground.
  • the term “ameliorated soil” is used to refer to soil, preferably derived locally, into which ground amelioration material has been mixed.
  • the additional material introduced into the cavities may be particulate and may comprise stone, gravel or another aggregate material.
  • the additional material preferably includes ground amelioration material.
  • the additional material may comprise soil mixed with ground amelioration material.
  • the lance member may be repeatedly introduced at the same position, until heave is detected in the ground around that position.
  • the surface depressions are preferably formed by impact from a dropped weight.
  • the dropped weight may be a tapered member having a relatively narrow nose, forming a point of first contact with the ground, and widening from the nose.
  • the dropped weight may widen to a width greater than the lance member, whereby to flare out the top of the material compacted by the lance member.
  • the drawings illustrate a method of preparing ground in accordance with the present invention.
  • the method is primarily intended for bad ground which has low natural load bearing capacity.
  • Bad ground may, for example, include peat.
  • peat It will be understood by the skilled reader that in many practical situations, no clear delineation can be made between good ground and bad ground, there being a continuous spectrum of ground quality. Indeed, the term "marginal ground” is sometimes used to refer to ground which is between good and bad ground. Consequently, the choice of technique to be used will be made in accordance with the quality of the ground in its natural state, the nature of the load imposed by the building to be constructed and other factors.
  • Fig. 1 shows a lance member 14, for use in the method of the invention.
  • the lance is used to provide local improvement of the ground at each location of an array of locations across the area being improved.
  • the lance 14 is driven into the ground by vibration, to form an elongate cavity 16 ( Fig. 2 ) in the ground 17.
  • the lance 14 is then withdrawn and the cavity 16 is filled with additional material 19.
  • the additional material may be particulate in nature, such as stone, gravel or another aggregate.
  • the additional material may be ground amelioration material, or ameliorated soil.
  • quick lime is included in the additional material.
  • the presence of quick lime which is highly hydrophilic, causes ground water to be drawn strongly from the surrounding ground 17, causing a significant reduction in local pore pressure. Consequently, the addition of quick lime is particularly preferred in locations at which excessive pore pressure is expected to be a problem. The reduction in pore pressure helps overcome any tendency of fine-grained soils to liquefy during the procedure.
  • the lance 14 has an inverted frusto-conical shape.
  • the lance 14 may have a diameter of about 300mm at its upper end and about 150mm at its lower end 14A, with a length of approximately 3m.
  • the lance 14 is attached to extend down, substantially vertically, from a vibrator arrangement 18 which applies vertical oscillation to the lance 14 during use.
  • the vertical oscillation may have an amplitude of about 25mm and a frequency of 1500 cycles per minute, with a rated impact per blow in excess of 40 tonnes.
  • the cone angle of the lance 14 may be low, such as between 2° and 5°.
  • the lance 14 will be driven into the ground substantially Without impact in a horizontal direction between the surface of the lance 14 and the sides of the cavity 16. That is, the main impact with the ground will be at the bottom of the cavity 16 as the lance 14 forces itself deeper into the ground.
  • the lance 14 can be driven, by vibration, to any chosen depth without causing pore pressure problems, whereas the depth of compaction created by impact must be limited because of the force of impact and the resultant shock waves of pore pressure.
  • the lance 14 is withdrawn. Additional material 19 is then introduced into the cavity.
  • the additional material may be particulate, but preferably includes ground amelioration material or is ameliorated soil. This introduction of additional material results in the intermediate situation illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • the lance 14 is then reintroduced into the ground, at the same location, and vibrated down to cause compaction of the additional material. This may result in bulging of the cavity 16, as shown at 38 ( Fig. 3 ), arising from the inability of the surrounding ground 17 to contain the compaction forces created by the lance 14. The degree of bulging which occurs will depend on the size of downward compacting forces created by the vibration of the lance 14, and the natural capacity of the surrounding ground 34 to provide lateral containment of the additional material.
  • the lance 14 is repeatedly vibrated in, removed and reintroduced after additional material has been introduced, until the cavity 16 is full of material which has been adequately compacted, with resultant bulging of the cavity.
  • Compaction of the additional material in the cavity 16 is preferably continued until the ground 17 is seen to heave upwardly (indicated at 39) around the position of the cavity 16. This heave indicates that no further additional material can be accommodated, and no further compaction is possible.
  • the next stage of the method is to provide a cap formation (to be described) at each of the locations which has been improved as described above.
  • the cap formation is provided by forming a depression at the surface, and filling the depression with material which includes ground amelioration material or ameliorated soil.
  • the depression is preferably formed by impact from a dropped weight.
  • a preferred device for use as a drop weight is shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the device 30 has a relatively narrow nose 32 which provides, in use, the point of first contact with the ground, when the device 10 is dropped. The device tapers down to the the nose 32, over a portion 34.
  • a clevis arrangement 36 allows the device 30 to hang from a cable 37 to allow the device 30 to be raised by a crane, and then dropped to the ground.
  • the weight of the device 30 is preferably at least 2,500 kg and preferably considerably more, such as 7,500 kg or 8,000 kg.
  • the portion 34 preferably widens at an angle of 14° or greater, i.e. greater than the so called Morse angle of 14°. (The angle is measured between the central (vertical) axis of the device 30, and the tapering outer surface of the portion 34).
  • the Morse angle of 14° is generally considered as the minimum angle required, to prevent the device 30 sticking in the ground, after being dropped.
  • An angle between 14° and 20°, preferably about 17° may be chosen.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows the device 30, prior to it being dropped onto a location 40 which has already been improved by the first part of the method, in the manner described above. It is to be noted, and is preferred, that the device 30 is considerably wider than the lance 14, and is thus wider than the mouth 42 of the cavity 16.
  • the device 30 is then dropped to embed itself in the material of the cavity 16 and is then removed. The result is shown in Fig. 6 .
  • the compacted material previously introduced into the cavity 16 has been flared out at 44.
  • the depression 46 is then filled with ground amelioration material to ground level, indicated at 48.
  • the device 30 is dropped again and then removed, to form a further depression 30A. This results in additional outward and downward compaction of the surrounding ground 26.
  • the additional material introduced prior to the drop is forced out into the surrounding ground forming a body of ameliorated soil around the depression 30A.
  • the process is then repeated again, by filling the depression with additional material, dropping the device 30 to form a depression (not shown) and then filling the resulting depression again. It is preferred that additional material is introduced after each drop, but in some circumstances it may be appropriate to drop the device 30 more than once, before further additional material is introduced.
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows three locations which have been treated in this manner, by means of the lance and subsequently by means of the device 30.
  • the improved locations now form an array of pillars 49 of improved ground, separated by regions 50 which may still be in their original condition, but are likely to have been improved to some degree, as a result of the compaction, bursting etc. This completes the second part of the method.
  • a surface layer 52 of the ground 17 (the depth of which is indicated by a broken line 54 in Fig. 7 ) is disturbed and mixed with ground amelioration material. This may be achieved by using a rotavator device, introducing the ground amelioration material either before or after rotavation. Alternatively, the material of the surface layer 52 may be removed for mixing and reintroduction. In a further alternative, the surface layer 52 may be disturbed to mix in ground amelioration material prior to the use of the lance 14. It is preferred that the surface layer 52 is formed without removing soil from the site, in order to speed up the process and minimise external environmental impact.
  • the surface layer 52 is preferably formed before cementitious binder introduced into the depressions 46 (and in the cavities 16, if they were filled with ground amelioration material including a settable binder) has set, so that a unitary structure is formed as shown in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 8 shows a series of neighbouring locations 40, interconnected by the surface layer 52.
  • the surface layer 52 has been formed prior to the cementitious binder setting at the locations 40 and consequently, once the material sets, a single unitary structure is formed, consisting of supporting pillars 56 and a surface pavement 52.
  • the pillars 56 will be arrayed in two dimensions across the ground and thus, the pavement 52 will cover the entire area being treated, with support at each pillar 56.
  • the result is a structure similar to a vaulted roof construction and with similar strength and load bearing characteristics arising from the unitary nature of the complete structure.
  • the similarity with a vaulted roof is enhanced by the flaring achieved at the top of the pillars 56, by the use of the weight 30.
  • the load bearing capacity will be further increased by the presence of the ground between the pillars 56, which will provide lateral stability for the pillars 56, and support for the pavement 52.
  • the load bearing capacity of the pavement 52 is thus expected to be greater than that of an unsupported pavement, by virtue of the support provided by the ground beneath, and by the pillars 56.
  • the method may be used to prepare ground for large commercial buildings such as retail sheds. Retail sheds may require relatively low loading on the ground over relatively large areas, with high loads around the edge of the building. Consequently, the unitary pillar and pavement structure described above can be used for providing adequate ground over the area of the building. It may be desirable to provide conventional piling systems at the edges of the building, to improve support for the building itself.
  • Additional steps can be incorporated in the method, to further improve the performance of the ground.
  • a large weight in the form of a plate, may be dropped to provide additional compaction of the ground, prior to the formation of the surface pavement layer.
  • the weight may be a device of the type described in International patent application no. WO 99/09261 , particularly in relation to Figs. 9, 10 or 11 of that application.
  • the weight is repeatedly dropped as it is moved across the ground, so that substantially the whole of the area has been subjected to impact from the weight, thus further consolidating the ground prior to the formation of the pavement layer.
  • a final step of passing a roller over the site may be used, to further improve levelling and compacting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé d'amélioration du sol, dans lequel un réseau d'emplacements est amélioré localement en formant des cavités allongées (16), en introduisant un matériau supplémentaire (19) dans les cavités,
    et en réalisant une formation de bouchon (48) à chaque emplacement amélioré (40) en formant une dépression (46) à la surface et en remplissant la dépression avec le matériau, caractérisé en ce que les cavités sont formées en faisant vibrer un élément formant lance (14) dans le sol de manière répétée à chaque emplacement, en retirant l'élément de lance formant lance, et en réintroduisant l'élément formant lance une fois que le matériau supplémentaire est introduit, pour compacter le matériau supplémentaire et le sol environnant (17),
    et dans lequel le matériau supplémentaire comprend un matériau d'amélioration du sol et une couche de surface (52) du sol est perturbée pour mélanger le sol avec un matériau d'amélioration du sol pour former un pavement (52) qui relie les formations de bouchon aux emplacements améliorés.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau supplémentaire (19) introduit dans les cavités est particulaire.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau supplémentaire (19) comprend de la pierre, du gravier ou un autre matériau granulaire.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau supplémentaire (19) comprend un matériau d'amélioration du sol.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau supplémentaire (19) comprend de la terre mélangée avec du matériau d'amélioration du sol.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément formant lance (14) est introduit de manière répétée à la même position (40), jusqu'à ce qu'une boursouflure (39) soit détectée dans le sol autour de cette position.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les dépressions de surface (46) sont formées par un choc provenant d'un poids tombant (34).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le poids tombant (34) est un élément effilé ayant un nez relativement étroit (32), formant un point de premier contact avec le sol, et s'élargissant à partir du nez.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le poids tombant (34) s'élargit à une largeur plus grande que l'élément formant lance, de manière à élargir (44) l'extrémité supérieure du matériau compacté par l'élément formant lance.
EP03254512A 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Procédé de compaction du sol Expired - Lifetime EP1382750B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0216701 2002-07-18
GB0216701A GB0216701D0 (en) 2002-07-18 2002-07-18 Preparation of ground prior to building
GB0225943 2002-11-07
GB0225943A GB0225943D0 (en) 2002-07-18 2002-11-07 Preparation of ground prior to building

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1382750A1 EP1382750A1 (fr) 2004-01-21
EP1382750B1 true EP1382750B1 (fr) 2009-08-19

Family

ID=27767110

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03254513A Expired - Lifetime EP1382751B1 (fr) 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Procédé de compaction du sol
EP03254512A Expired - Lifetime EP1382750B1 (fr) 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Procédé de compaction du sol

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03254513A Expired - Lifetime EP1382751B1 (fr) 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Procédé de compaction du sol

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1382751B1 (fr)
AT (2) ATE440182T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE60328854D1 (fr)
ES (2) ES2331239T3 (fr)
GB (2) GB2391035B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2403964B (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-09-27 Roxbury Ltd Ground improvement
CA2749198C (fr) * 2009-01-09 2013-07-16 Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. Appareil et procede d'essais de module en batiment
WO2011001297A1 (fr) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-06 Russet Trading & Investment 24 (Pty) Ltd Procédé pour construire une colonne
DE102010022661A1 (de) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-08 vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bodenverdichtung
CN102409588B (zh) * 2011-11-25 2013-06-12 中铁十二局集团第三工程有限公司 移动式注浆车间
CN102535291A (zh) * 2012-02-02 2012-07-04 石家庄铁道大学 一种高速公路工程软弱土地基处理方法
WO2017147424A1 (fr) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-31 Ingios Geotechnics, Inc. Systèmes et procédés d'obtention de concavités comprimées et remplies d'agrégat en vue d'améliorer la rigidité et l'uniformité du sol
CN105970995A (zh) * 2016-05-25 2016-09-28 宁波市建设集团股份有限公司 承台胎模
CN109183542A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2019-01-11 武汉大学 运营公路软土路基桥头跳车下隔板处理方法
CN109355990B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2023-09-19 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 低洼沼泽地区吹填特细砂路基结构
GB2595274B (en) * 2020-05-20 2023-07-05 Subsea 7 Norway As Modifying seabed contours

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5249892A (en) * 1991-03-20 1993-10-05 Fox Nathaniel S Short aggregate piers and method and apparatus for producing same
GB2286613B (en) * 1994-02-18 1998-05-13 Roxbury Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for improving the condition of ground
GB2366819B (en) * 1997-08-20 2002-06-05 Roxbury Ltd Monitoring the degree of compaction achieved during ground treatment
ATE349576T1 (de) * 1997-08-20 2007-01-15 Roxbury Ltd Baugrundbehandlung
NL1007690C2 (nl) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-09 Ballast Nedam Funderingstechni Werkwijze en inrichting voor het in een ondergrond aanbrengen van een paal.
GB2365891B (en) * 2000-07-07 2004-05-26 Roxbury Ltd Ground preparation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60328854D1 (de) 2009-10-01
EP1382751B1 (fr) 2009-08-19
EP1382750A1 (fr) 2004-01-21
GB2391035A (en) 2004-01-28
GB0316861D0 (en) 2003-08-20
ES2331238T3 (es) 2009-12-28
GB2391036B (en) 2005-05-04
GB0316860D0 (en) 2003-08-20
ES2331239T3 (es) 2009-12-28
GB2391036A (en) 2004-01-28
ATE440183T1 (de) 2009-09-15
DE60328853D1 (de) 2009-10-01
EP1382751A1 (fr) 2004-01-21
GB2391035B (en) 2005-05-04
ATE440182T1 (de) 2009-09-15

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