EP1379358A1 - Production de jets de liquide abrasif - Google Patents

Production de jets de liquide abrasif

Info

Publication number
EP1379358A1
EP1379358A1 EP02700054A EP02700054A EP1379358A1 EP 1379358 A1 EP1379358 A1 EP 1379358A1 EP 02700054 A EP02700054 A EP 02700054A EP 02700054 A EP02700054 A EP 02700054A EP 1379358 A1 EP1379358 A1 EP 1379358A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive
slurry
chamber
dense phase
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02700054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Danek Liwszyc
Kazimiez Kacperek
Timothy George De Lisle Everest
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jet-Net International Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Jet-Net International Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jet-Net International Pty Ltd filed Critical Jet-Net International Pty Ltd
Publication of EP1379358A1 publication Critical patent/EP1379358A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the generation of abrasive liquid jets ' . More particularly the invention relates to a method of and apparatus for generation of such abrasive liquid jets.
  • High pressure liquid jets consisting of a liquid, such as water, mixed with an abrasive material, such as garnet, are used for performing working operations such as cutting and cleaning, on a wide variety of material.
  • powdered abrasive material is mixed with a high pressure water jet in a nozzle assembly which then directs the water jet mixed with abrasive material to a working zone at which a cutting, cleaning or other working operation is to be performed.
  • the nozzle assembly typically includes a mixing chamber into which the abrasive material is delivered and mixed with a high pressure water jet passing through the mixing chamber.
  • the abrasive material is delivered through one or more supply openings into the mixing chamber.
  • the water jet is produced by a delivery nozzle which opens onto the mixing chamber.
  • the water jet with the abrasive material mixed therein exits the mixing chamber through a focusing conduit or "tube” extending therefrom.
  • One method of delivering the abrasive material to the mixing chamber involves the use of compressed air to convey the abrasive material through a supply line to the mixing chamber, the abrasive material being drawn into the mixing chamber by a Venturi effect due to the high pressure water jet passing through the mixing chamber.
  • the supply line can potentially be very long.
  • the air compressor supplying the compressed air must therefore have a high capacity due to high head losses through the supply line and also the need to prevent settling and therefore blocking of the supply line.
  • the need for a high capacity compressor makes the use of compressed air impractical in such circumstances. It would also not be possible to use compressed air in underwater applications when the nozzle assembly is used at depths where the surrounding water pressure is very high, as there could be leakage of water into the nozzle assembly and supply line.
  • Another method of delivering the abrasive material is to use water to convey the material through the supply line as a slurry.
  • the abrasive material must be held in suspension within the water as the slurry travels through the supply line. This therefore requires a high volume of water to be delivered through the supply line if the material is to be maintained in suspension.
  • the slurry velocity also needs to be relatively high for this reason.
  • the high velocity slurry can, however, abrade the supply line.
  • the supply pressure must therefore- be kept relatively low for safety reasons.
  • US Patent No. 4555872 proposes that the abrasive material be introduced to a nozzle assembly in the form of a foam containing this material to minimise the energy loss to the water jet within the mixing chamber.
  • this method of supplying the abrasive material is not suitable for underwater applications.
  • a foam cannot be readily transported for long distances along a supply line.
  • a relatively large volume of foam will need to be supplied to enable- sufficient abrasive material to be introduced into the mixing chamber.
  • This requires a special nozzle assembly having a large number of supply openings about the periphery of the mixing chamber.
  • the high ambient water pressure surrounding the nozzle assembly at deeper depths prevents the use of low pressure foam, with sea water being able to readily seep into the nozzle assembly and up the supply line.
  • an abrasive liquid jet comprising a high pressure liquid jet and abrasive particles, characterised in that the abrasive particles are delivered for interaction with the high pressure liquid in a dense phase slurry.
  • the interaction between the high pressure liquid jet and the abrasive particles imparts acceleration to the abrasive particles.
  • the interaction may involve some intermixing between the liquid jet and the dense phase slurry.
  • the dense phase slurry is in the form of a paste which can be delivered along a supply line.
  • the dense phase slurry comprises a mixture of an abrasive material, water and a thickening agent.
  • the dense phase slurry is mixed with the high pressure liquid jet in an interaction chamber.
  • the interaction chamber is defined within a nozzle assembly.
  • the nozzle assembly may also incorporate a delivery nozzle for supplying the high pressure liquid jet to the interaction chamber.
  • the dense phase abrasive slurry can be drawn into the interaction chamber by the Venturi effect induced by the water jet. There is therefore minimal effect on the energy of the water as it is mixed with the slurry.
  • the dense phase slurry may be delivered into the interaction chamber under pressure.
  • the dense phase slurry is introduced into the interaction chamber at about the same pressure as the liquid jet.
  • the dense phase abrasive slurry may be pumped into the interaction chamber using positive displacement helical rotor, peristaltic, air diaphragm or any other slurry pump capable or accurate dosage and possessing the required pumping head and adequate abrasive resistance.
  • the dense phase abrasive slurry may include between about 10% to 95% abrasive material by mass depending on the application of the nozzle assembly. Therefore, a lower amount of abrasive material is required when the nozzle assembly is used in cleaning applications. However, in cutting applications,. the abrasive material content would be much higher.
  • the liquid, particularly water can be at pressures from about 50,000 kPa up to about 600,000 kPa depending on the application of the nozzle assembly. The higher pressures are used in cutting applications while the lower pressures are used in cleaning applications.
  • the abrasive slurry may include between about 0.04% to 5% of thickening agent by mass.
  • the thickening agent acts to maintain the abrasive material in suspension within the slurry.
  • Various thickening agents can be used in dependence on the macro-mechanical properties required for the abrasive slurry.
  • Such thickened slurries also differ in that they may or may not be thixotropic systems; that is, one whose viscosity decreases and pour-ability increases significantly when the mixture is disturbed or agitated.
  • thickening agents able to become highly hydrated materials in solutions and suspensions and they can come from several chemical classes both inorganic such as attapulgite clay, sepiolite clay, sodium bentonite and sodium silicate or water glass, as well as organic polymers such- as carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamides and especially the long carbohydrate chains such as gums, starches and cellulose chains, that can come from both land plants (eg locust bean gum, guar gum, psyllium gum, starches, cellulose) microbes (eg xanthan gum), and seaweeds (alginates, carrageen etc.) and may be chemically modified.
  • inorganic such as attapulgite clay, sepiolite clay, sodium bentonite and sodium silicate or water glass
  • organic polymers such- as carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, poly
  • abrasive material for example, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, garnet, silica sand, metallic slag, glass beads and iron.
  • the use of a dense phase slurry for supplying the abrasive material avoids the need for high capacity compressors or high volume of water for supplying the abrasive material to the nozzle assembly.
  • the abrasive material can also be delivered at controlled rates in the form of the abrasive slurry to the chamber of the nozzle assembly. This allows for more accurate and precise control of the operation of the nozzle assembly when it is located a long distance from the abrasive material source.
  • the abrasive slurry can also be used even when there is a high ambiept water pressure surrounding the nozzle assembly. This makes the present invention particularly applicable for underwater applications.
  • a method of operating a high pressure liquid nozzle assembly having an interaction chamber including supplying a dense phase abrasive slurry to the interaction chamber, the abrasive slurry comprising a mixture of an abrasive material, water and a thickening agent.
  • a nozzle assembly comprising a body defining an interaction chamber, liquid introduction means for introducing a liquid under pressure into the chamber as a liquid jet, slurry introduction means for introducing a dense phase abrasive slurry into the chamber, and an outlet from the chamber through which the liquid and abrasive slurry can issue as an abrasive liquid jet.
  • the abrasive slurry is introduced into the chamber to surround or otherwise be sidewardly of the liquid jet.
  • the liquid jet is introduced into the chamber to surround or otherwise be sidewardly of the abrasive slurry.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a nozzle assembly employed in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a nozzle assembly employed in the second embodiment.
  • the first embodiment relates to generation of an abrasive water jet utilising a nozzle assembly 10 as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings.
  • the nozzle assembly 10 is accommodated in a cutting head (not shown) connected to two supply lines one for water and the other for a dense phase abrasive slurry.
  • the nozzle assembly 10 includes a body 11 defining a water delivery nozzle 13 having an inlet 14 and a nozzle orifice 15. Water under high pressure can be supplied to the inlet 14 of the water delivery nozzle 13 by way to the water supply line (not shown). The resultant high pressure water jet generated by the water delivery nozzle 13 issues from the nozzle orifice 15 into an interaction chamber 17 defined within the body 1 1.
  • a focusing conduit 19 extends from the body 11 and has a focusing passage 21. The nozzle orifice 15 of the water delivery nozzle 13 is aligned with the focusing passage 21 , as can be seen in the drawing.
  • the high pressure water jet delivered by the delivery nozzle 13 passes through the chamber 17 and through the focusing passage 21 of the focusing conduit 19.
  • the water is delivered at pressures from 50,000 kPa up to 600,000 kPa, depending on the application of the nozzle assembly 10. The higher pressures are used in cutting applications while the lower pressures are used in cleaning applications.
  • Supply openings 23 are provided on either side of the chamber 17.
  • a dense phase abrasive slurry supplied by the slurry supply line can be delivered through the supply openings 23 to the chamber 17 to thereby interact with the high pressure water jet to produce an abrasive liquid jet which issues from the outlet end of the focusing conduit 19.
  • the interaction between the water jet and the slurry in the chamber 17 involves the water jet accelerating the abrasive slurry and some intermixing therebetween.
  • the slurry in effect coats the high pressure water jet and is conveyed therewith.
  • the abrasive slurry is drawn into the chamber 17 is by the Venturi effect of the high pressure water jet passing through the chamber 17 from nozzle orifice 15. With this arrangement, the abrasive is introduced into the chamber 17 about the water jet issuing from nozzle orifice 15.
  • This method of supplying abrasive material is particularly applicable where the nozzle assembly 10 is located a substantial distance from the abrasive material source. Furthermore, it enables the nozzle assembly 10 to be used in underwater applications when the ambient water pressure is high. The use of an abrasive slurry also allows for accurate control of the rate of supply of the delivery material to the chamber 17.
  • the dense phase abrasive slurry comprises a mixture of abrasive material, water and a thickening agent.
  • the dense phase abrasive slurry may include between 10% to 95% abrasive material by mass depending on the application of the nozzle assembly. Therefore, a lower amount of abrasive material is required when the nozzle assembly 10 is used in cleaning applications. However, in cutting applications, the abrasive material content would be much higher. In this embodiment, the abrasive material is garnet.
  • the abrasive slurry may include between 0.04% to 5% of thickening agent by mass.
  • the thickening agent acts to maintain the abrasive material in suspension within the slurry.
  • Various thickening agents can be used according to the macro- mechanical properties required for the abrasive slurry.
  • a dense phase abrasive slurry suitable for a cleaning operation would have the following composition:
  • a dense phase slurry suitable for use in cutting operations would have the following composition:
  • the dense phase abrasive slurry was drawn into the interaction chamber of the nozzle assembly by a Venturi effect induced by the water jet with which the abrasive material was mixed. Consequently, the abrasive slurry was at low pressure corresponding to ambient conditions. It has, however, somewhat unexpectedly been found that the cutting and cleaning performance of a liquid jet comprising a water jet and a dense phase slurry can be significantly increased if the dense phase slurry is introduced to the water jet in a high pressure condition. Specifically, the dense phase slurry is preferably at the same high pressure as the water jet.
  • the second embodiment relates to generation of such an abrasive water jet utilising a nozzle assembly 40 as shown in Figure 2 of the drawings.
  • the nozzle assembly 40 comprises a body 41 having a first portion 43, a second portion 45, and a third portion 47.
  • the second portion 45 defines an interaction chamber 49 into which a dense phase slurry is delivered under pressure through a delivery passage 51 defined in the first portion 43.
  • the delivery passage 51 has an inlet 52 and an outlet end 53 which opens onto the chamber 49.
  • the body 41 includes an annular passage 55 for delivery of water under high pressure into the chamber 49.
  • the passage 55 is defined between the first portion 43 and the second portion 45, and an annular inlet 57 and an annular outlet 59 opening onto the chamber 49.
  • the third portion 47 defines an outlet nozzle 61 having a convergent section 63 and a straight section 65.
  • the convergent section 63 has the inlet end thereof opening onto the chamber 49 and the outlet end thereof opening onto one end of the straight section 65.
  • the straight section 65 terminates at the other end thereof at a discharge port 67 through which the abrasive high pressure liquid discharges.
  • the outlet end 53 of the delivery passage 51 is aligned with the outlet nozzle 61 as can be seen in the drawings.
  • a dense phase abrasive slurry of the type described in relation to the first embodiment is delivered under pressure along a supply line to the delivery passage 51 for entry into the chamber 49 through the delivery passage outlet 53.
  • High pressure water is also delivered into the chamber 49 through the annular passage 55.
  • the high pressure water enters the chamber around the dense phase slurry.
  • the dense phase slurry is introduced centrally with respect to the high pressure water flow such that the high pressure water surrounds the slurry at entry.
  • the high pressure water coats the dense phase slurry in the chamber 49 and the resultant jet discharges under high pressure through the discharge port 67 of outlet nozzle 61.
  • Interaction between the high pressure water and the abrasive slurry in the chamber 49 involves the high pressure water accelerating the abrasive slurry which it coats. There is some intermixing between the high pressure water and the slurry, although it is preferable that the mixing be minimal.
  • the high pressure water and the high pressure dense phase abrasive slurry are introduced in the chamber 49 at the same pressure.
  • the pressure can be in the range of about 500 to 2500 bar.
  • the lower pressures are typically used for cleaning operations while the higher pressures are used for cutting operations.
  • the abrasive slurry is introduced at the same pressure as the high pressure water jet there is minimal energy loss in accelerating the slurry.
  • the high pressure water flows at a, rate of about 100 litres per minute and the dense phase abrasive slurry flows at a rate of about 3.5 litres per minute.
  • the high pressure water and the high pressure abrasive slurry are carried in supply lines of approximately the same internal diameter. Consequently, the abrasive slurry, while being pumped at high pressure, is at a relatively low velocity.
  • the low velocity of the abrasive slurry is particularly advantageous from a safety aspect. For example, if a breach occurred in the supply line for the high pressure abrasive slurry, the low velocity would ensure that abrasive slurry would not spout from the breach in a manner which would present a danger.
  • the feature whereby the high pressure water jet coats the slurry also serves to confine the abrasive material as it is directed towards the working zone. This is particularly advantageous in underwater environments where the abrasive material might otherwise be dispersed in the water environment rather than being directed to the working zone.
  • the second embodiment can provide a significant performance enhancement in comparison to the first embodiment. For example, it has been found that a liquid abrasive jet generated according to the second embodiment can be propelled twice the distance that could be achieved with a liquid abrasive jet generated according to the first embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a simple yet highly effective way of generating an abrasive liquid jet which is particularly, although not necessarily solely, applicable in situations where a working operation (such as cutting or cleaning) is performed remote from the source of abrasive material used in the generation of the abrasive liquid jet.
  • a working operation such as cutting or cleaning
  • the use of the dense phase abrasive slurry enables the abrasive material to be conveyed from the source to the working zone in a safe, convenient and efficient manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un procédé servant à produire un jet de liquide abrasif comprenant un jet de liquide sous pression et des particules abrasives, en vue de réaliser des opérations de travail telles que découpage et nettoyage. Ce procédé consiste à introduire les particules abrasives dans le liquide sous haute pression à l'intérieur d'une suspension épaisse de phase dense. Cette suspension épaisse de phase dense se présente sous la forme d'une pâte qui peut être transportée dans un conduit d'alimentation. Généralement, la suspension épaisse de phase dense contient un mélange d'un matériau abrasif, d'eau et d'un agent épaississant. Le jet de liquide et la suspension épaisse abrasive sont amenés ensemble dans une unité à buse (10). L'unité à buse (10) possède un corps (11) définissant une chambre (17). Le liquide est introduit sous pression dans la chambre (17) sous la forme d'un jet de liquide par une buse d'application (13). La suspension épaisse abrasive de phase dense contenant les particules abrasives est introduite dans la chambre (17) par des ouvertures d'alimentation (23). La chambre (17) est dotée d'un conduit de sortie (19) par lequel le liquide et la suspension épaisse abrasive peuvent sortir sous la forme d'un jet de liquide abrasif.
EP02700054A 2001-03-02 2002-03-01 Production de jets de liquide abrasif Withdrawn EP1379358A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR355401 2001-03-02
AUPR3554A AUPR355401A0 (en) 2001-03-02 2001-03-02 High pressure liquid nozzle assembly operating method
PCT/AU2002/000236 WO2002070203A1 (fr) 2001-03-02 2002-03-01 Production de jets de liquide abrasif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1379358A1 true EP1379358A1 (fr) 2004-01-14

Family

ID=3827563

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02700054A Withdrawn EP1379358A1 (fr) 2001-03-02 2002-03-01 Production de jets de liquide abrasif

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20040097171A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1379358A1 (fr)
AU (1) AUPR355401A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002070203A1 (fr)

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GB2458785B (en) * 2008-04-05 2010-03-31 Well Ops Uk Ltd Abrasive cutting fluids
US8389066B2 (en) 2010-04-13 2013-03-05 Vln Advanced Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for prepping a surface using a coating particle entrained in a pulsed waterjet or airjet
US10155298B2 (en) * 2011-12-21 2018-12-18 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Alpha case removal process for a main rotor blade spar
CN105127911B (zh) * 2015-07-08 2017-05-24 安徽三联泵业股份有限公司 一种掺杂纳米海泡石的泵体铸件加工用湿喷砂料
CN105127909B (zh) * 2015-07-08 2017-07-14 安徽三联泵业股份有限公司 一种掺杂纳米微晶石的泵体铸件加工用湿喷砂料
CN105033872B (zh) * 2015-07-08 2017-05-24 安徽三联泵业股份有限公司 一种掺杂纳米碳纤维的泵体铸件加工用湿喷砂料
IT201600097457A1 (it) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-28 Eurowaterjet S R L Apparato per il taglio a getto d’acqua
CA2999011C (fr) 2017-03-24 2020-04-21 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Buse de jet d'eau pulse de maniere ultrasonique compacte
EP3632618B1 (fr) 2018-10-04 2021-03-10 Politecnico di Milano Machine et procédé de découpe à jet d'eau abrasif, et composition comprenant des particules abrasives
CN111380763A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种磨料水射流的试验系统
US11090779B2 (en) * 2019-06-14 2021-08-17 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method and tool to improve efficiency and effectiveness of waterjet de-burr process
CN110480521A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2019-11-22 河南理工大学 一种胶状磨料气体射流装置及产生射流的方法
CN111395963B (zh) * 2020-03-13 2021-01-01 武汉大学 一种水利自驱式它激脉冲射流发生装置及发生系统
IT202000006010A1 (it) * 2020-03-20 2021-09-20 Milano Politecnico Macchina da taglio a getto d’acqua abrasivo

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CA2059661A1 (fr) * 1989-08-07 1991-02-08 Eric Wood Appareil a couper
JP2963158B2 (ja) * 1990-07-24 1999-10-12 株式会社不二精機製造所 スラリイ圧送式ブラスト装置
GB2258416B (en) * 1991-07-27 1995-04-19 Brian David Dale Nozzle for abrasive cleaning or cutting
US6061783A (en) * 1996-11-13 2000-05-09 Nortel Networks Corporation Method and apparatus for manipulation of bit fields directly in a memory source

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002070203A1 (fr) 2002-09-12
US20040097171A1 (en) 2004-05-20
AUPR355401A0 (en) 2001-04-05

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