EP1364161A1 - Method for the production of a burner unit - Google Patents
Method for the production of a burner unitInfo
- Publication number
- EP1364161A1 EP1364161A1 EP02715666A EP02715666A EP1364161A1 EP 1364161 A1 EP1364161 A1 EP 1364161A1 EP 02715666 A EP02715666 A EP 02715666A EP 02715666 A EP02715666 A EP 02715666A EP 1364161 A1 EP1364161 A1 EP 1364161A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- distribution
- mass flow
- target
- determined
- determinants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/16—Systems for controlling combustion using noise-sensitive detectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/44—Optimum control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
- F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
- F23N2235/18—Groups of two or more valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2241/00—Applications
- F23N2241/20—Gas turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a burner system according to the preamble of claim 1. Burner systems of this type are used primarily in gas turbines.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing generic burner systems which are of simple construction and in which the combustion proceeds favorably, in particular with regard to the reduction of pulsations and low emissions of pollutants, in particular NO x . It has been found that the combustion process is strongly influenced by the mass flow distribution of the fuel introduced into the premix burner.
- burner systems are designed so that the fuel with a certain
- Mass flow distribution is introduced into the premix burner, which ensures favorable properties of the combustion, in particular with regard to pulsations and pollutant emissions.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a structure of a test facility with a premix burner according to Fig. 1 and a distribution device and a data processing system for determining favorable mass flow distributions
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a tree structure as a simplified model for the mass flow distribution
- Fig. 4 shows the determination set of a typical optimization problem and its mapping to the corresponding target set
- Fig. 7 mass flow distributions according to selected solutions of the . Optimization problem.
- a premix burner 1 (FIG. 1) of basically known construction, as used in a burner chamber of a gas turbine, has the shape of a truncated cone with an outflow opening 2 at its wide end. Air inlet slots 3a, b are provided along two diametrically opposed surface lines, on the outer sides of which there are 16 inlet openings 4 for the fuel supply are arranged, which form the burner end points of a distribution device 5.
- mass flow distributions are initially determined which are as favorable as possible with regard to a target variable, the components of which are formed by certain properties, in particular the emission of NO x and the maximum of the pressure surges occurring.
- a test setup FIG. 2
- a pre-mixing burner 1 designed as described in connection with FIG. 1 is preceded by a distribution device 5 which is suitable for test purposes and which can be designed, for example, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the input of the distribution device 5 is formed by a feed line 6 which is connected to a fuel source, e.g. B. a stationary gas line (not shown) is connected and provided with an inlet valve 7, which limits the fuel supply.
- the main line 6 then branches into two branch lines 8a, b, from each of which four feed lines branch off, in each of which one
- Control valve is.
- the control valves are labeled V_ to V 8 .
- the supply line branches to two pairs of opposing inlet openings 4 in such a way that two axially successive groups of four inlet openings are each acted upon by fuel via one of the control valves Vi, ..., V 8 .
- the control valves V 1; ..., V 8 are designed so that certain mass flows mi, ..., m 8 can be set with them. The two arranged on the same side
- An on / off valve is arranged upstream of inlet openings 4.
- V " l7 ..., V" 16 the fuel supply to two successive inlet openings 4 are specifically blocked.
- the structure of the distribution device 5 can differ from the described in many respects. Thus, a larger or smaller group of inlet openings or only a single inlet opening can be assigned to each control valve.
- the on / off valves can be used elsewhere or can be omitted or only such valves can be used, e.g. B. one for each entry opening.
- the topology can also be different, e.g. B. correspond to the distribution device 5 'shown in Fig. 3 (Fig. 3), a tree structure of three-way valves, as will be described in more detail below.
- the tests, the results of which are given below, were carried out with a distribution device which corresponded to that shown in FIG. 1, but without the on / off valves V ' 1 ! , ..., V " 16 .
- the control valves V lf . , , , V 8 of the distribution device 5 are set by a control unit 10 according to values output by the data processing system 9.
- a measuring unit 11 supplies the measured properties of the burner system to the data processing system 9.
- the distribution device 5 is mapped onto the distribution device 5 '(FIG. 3), ie a model is used in which it is represented by a binary Tree structure from three-way valves V 1 ! , ..., V ' 7 and assume that the total mass flow has a fixed value M.
- each of the three-way valves can be represented by a distribution parameter p, O ⁇ p ⁇ l, the proportion falling on the left outlet in the distribution of the mass flow between the left and the right outlet equivalent.
- Pareto-optimal solutions each of which is characterized in that they are not Pareto-dominated , d. H. that there is no other solution that would be cheaper in terms of one property and less unfavorable in terms of none of the other properties
- a solution that is cheaper in at least one property than a Pareto-optimal solution is inevitably less than that in at least one other property.
- the target sizes of the Pareto-optimal solutions usually form a hyper-surface section in the
- Target sizes spanned target area the so-called Pareto-Front, which borders the target amount, ie the amount of target sizes of all possible solutions against areas of the target area that would be cheaper, but are not accessible.
- Pareto-Front which borders the target amount, ie the amount of target sizes of all possible solutions against areas of the target area that would be cheaper, but are not accessible.
- At the Pareto front further hyper-surface sections bordering the target set are connected, which solutions included, which are not Pareto-optimal, but u. U. are still of interest.
- Determination variable varies, is limited by the fact that the variables are each between zero and an upper limit X if X 2 or X 3 and therefore forms a cuboid, the product of the intervals [0, X ⁇ ], [0, X 2 ] and [0 , X 3 ].
- f a known functional relationship
- the target set Z can be the complete image set of the Determination set B under figure f or a part of it restricted by constraints.
- Pareto front P solid line
- each variable is characterized by a bit vector of a length L, which, for. B. is 32, coded.
- output quantities lying in the determination set B are first generated, which form the starting point of the iteration as the first set of determination quantities.
- New sizes are generated by combining parts of several parameters from the current set. For example, either all possible ordered pairs of determination variables are first formed or only a few are determined by means of a random generator. Each parameter determines a vector from n real parameters. A number 1 with O ⁇ l ⁇ n is now also generated by means of a random generator and two new variables are then formed by taking the first 1 parameters from the first determination variable and the others from the second determination variable and vice versa.
- z. B added sizes generated according to a normal distribution. Of course, several sizes can be generated from one size in this way.
- the two above-mentioned steps result in a set of test parameters, which is usually larger than the original set of test parameters.
- a new set of determinants, which are particularly favorable on average, is now selected from this usually relatively large quantity of test variables.
- the selection procedure is of great importance for the development of the iteration.
- the procedure is preferably as follows:
- the said part of the target space is subdivided into subsets W x , which are the archetypes of the orthogonal projections of the same along the positive y ⁇ ⁇ axis onto the said intervals Ix 1 .
- the subset x 1 for a given i is the set of all points in said part of the target space for which y ⁇ > 0 and y 2 lies in Ix 1 .
- FIG. 5a it forms a strip parallel to the coordinate axis yx.
- the test size for which yx is optimal, ie minimal, is now determined and selected.
- the target sizes of all test sizes are marked with a circle o
- those of the test sizes selected in the individual Wx 1 are marked with a superimposed mark x.
- a second selection step the part of the target area containing the target set Z is subdivided into partial sets W2 3 in a completely analogous manner, and the test size for which y 2 is optimal, ie minimal, is determined and selected for each partial set. These solutions are marked with a superimposed plus sign + in FIG. 5b.
- the new set of parameters, with which the next iteration step is then tackled, is made up of the test parameters selected in both selection steps.
- test variables e.g. B. the k cheapest in terms of the remaining component with k> l.
- the described procedure for the selection can easily be transferred to cases in which the dimension m of the target area is greater than 2.
- one will preferably form all m hyperplanes, which are characterized in that one of the coordinates y ⁇ , ..., y m is equal to zero and each carry out a partition thereof in subsets. This can be done by dividing each of the coordinate axes into intervals from the start and then using all products of intervals as subsets of a hyperplane which are divided into the coordinate axes spanning the hyperplane.
- the most favorable trial size with regard to the remaining component is then selected and finally the selected trial sizes are combined to produce the new set of determinants over the subsets and hyperplanes.
- the selection can also take into account only a part of the hyperplanes, especially since, as explained above using the example, the central areas of the Pareto Front are usually pretty well grasped during the first selection step.
- the division into intervals can be even or logarithmic, but it can also be finer, for example, in areas of particular interest.
- the partitions in subsets can be held or changed throughout the iteration, e.g. B. to be adjusted to the distribution of target sizes.
- subspaces of lower dimensions can also be used, but then each subset has to be optimized with regard to several properties, which requires further specifications or a recursive procedure.
- Various selections of the described procedure are conceivable in the selection.
- the procedure described has the advantage that the determination of the solutions is controlled in each case by the specifications with regard to the location of the target variables such that the target variables derived from the same are finally distributed in a desired manner over an edge region of the target quantity.
- various modifications are also possible for recombination and mutation. These sub-steps are also not necessary in both cases.
- the determination space is spanned by the distribution parameters, ..., p 7 , which can each vary over the interval [0,1], the target space, on the other hand, by emissions and pulsations, in the example the two properties NO x content and maximum Amplitude A of the pressure waves that occur.
- the target space is shown in Fig. 6a, 6b, with the target sizes of the 100 solutions determined after 20 iteration steps (Fig. 6a) and the 320 solutions determined after 64 iteration steps (Fig. 6b).
- the two figures clearly show how More and more, especially cheap solutions are being determined and gradually the limit of the amount of target values against the favorable values of the properties - the Pareto front - is emerging.
- a specific solution is now selected from the determined solutions, and further, possibly more intuitive criteria can be included in the decision.
- the size of the selected solution is then used as the basis for the manufacture of the burner system, in particular the manufacture or adjustment of the distribution device 5.
- a burner system is therefore manufactured in which the Distribution parameters p_, ..., p 7 and thus the mass flows mx, ..., m 8 were determined so that they correspond to the size of the selected solution.
- the distribution device 5 also contains on / off valves, as shown in FIG. 1, the determination space must be supplemented by corresponding binary switching parameters, each of which is represented by a bit that has the values 0 for 'closed' and 1 for 'open'.
- the occurrence of these parameters changes practically nothing in the optimization process described above. A change is only necessary for the mutation.
- z. B. be provided that each switching parameter, that is, each bit, with a certain, for. B. fixed probability is inverted, that is, 0 changes to 1 and 1 changes to 0.
- Solutions 3 and 4 offer particularly favorable values in terms of the pressure surges that occur, while solution 5 the shows the best exhaust gas values, but with high values for the pressure maxima.
- Solution 2 on the other hand, again offers very good properties in this respect, for which only a slightly increased NO x emission has to be accepted.
- Optimization method may differ from what is described. It is also possible to search for Pareto-optimal solutions with different loads and corresponding values of the total mass flow M and thus to determine solutions which have favorable properties over a larger working range.
- the solution that best meets the requirements is selected and a burner system is produced in which the corresponding premix burner used in the test arrangement each have a fixed axial mass flow distribution which corresponds to the size of the selected solution.
- the desired mass flow distribution can be set in different ways. So z. B. can be used in the burner system distribution devices with chokes or switches, which generate the desired fixed mass flow distribution in the simplest and most reliable way. However, the mass flow distribution can also be set very easily by dimensioning, in particular the diameter of the inlet openings. In this case, the Distribution device each consist of a pipe system that connects the entrance to the inlet openings.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10104151A DE10104151A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2001-01-30 | Process for manufacturing a burner system |
DE10104151 | 2001-01-30 | ||
PCT/IB2002/000282 WO2002061335A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-30 | Method for the production of a burner unit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1364161A1 true EP1364161A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
EP1364161B1 EP1364161B1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
Family
ID=7672234
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02715666A Expired - Lifetime EP1364161B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-30 | Method for the production of a burner unit |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7137809B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1364161B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10104151A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002061335A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1533569B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2016-02-17 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a furnace |
DE102004015187A1 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-20 | Alstom Technology Ltd Baden | Combustion chamber for a gas turbine and associated operating method |
EP1730447A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2006-12-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Burner |
DE102004036911A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2006-03-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Operating procedure for a combustion plant |
DE102004049491A1 (en) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-20 | Alstom Technology Ltd | premix |
US7484955B2 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2009-02-03 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method for controlling air distribution in a cyclone furnace |
EP2058590B1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2016-03-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a burner |
EP2220433B1 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2013-09-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method and device for burning hydrogen in a premix burner |
US8863525B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2014-10-21 | General Electric Company | Combustor with fuel staggering for flame holding mitigation |
US20140123651A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Ernest W. Smith | System for providing fuel to a combustor assembly in a gas turbine engine |
DE102013016202A1 (en) * | 2013-09-28 | 2015-04-02 | Dürr Systems GmbH | "Burner head of a burner and gas turbine with such a burner" |
US20150316266A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner with adjustable radial fuel profile |
DE102015222684B4 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2019-11-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Control unit for an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6220025U (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-02-06 | ||
US4735052A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1988-04-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas turbine apparatus |
GB2217477B (en) | 1988-04-05 | 1992-04-15 | Rolls Royce Plc | An engine control unit for a turbomachine |
US5855009A (en) | 1992-07-31 | 1998-12-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Concurrent design tradeoff analysis system and method |
US5361586A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1994-11-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Gas turbine ultra low NOx combustor |
JP2950720B2 (en) | 1994-02-24 | 1999-09-20 | 株式会社東芝 | Gas turbine combustion device and combustion control method therefor |
DE4446945B4 (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 2005-03-17 | Alstom | Gas powered premix burner |
US6095793A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-08-01 | Woodward Governor Company | Dynamic control system and method for catalytic combustion process and gas turbine engine utilizing same |
EP1183574A1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2002-03-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for designing or optimizing a technical system |
US6195607B1 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2001-02-27 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for optimizing NOx emissions in a gas turbine |
GB2362481B (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2004-12-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fault diagnosis |
-
2001
- 2001-01-30 DE DE10104151A patent/DE10104151A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-01-30 US US10/470,557 patent/US7137809B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-30 WO PCT/IB2002/000282 patent/WO2002061335A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-01-30 DE DE50212601T patent/DE50212601D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-30 EP EP02715666A patent/EP1364161B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02061335A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10104151A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
DE50212601D1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
US7137809B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
US20050084811A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
EP1364161B1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
WO2002061335A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
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