EP1363503A1 - Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins - Google Patents
Composition pour l'alimentation des lapinsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1363503A1 EP1363503A1 EP20020704892 EP02704892A EP1363503A1 EP 1363503 A1 EP1363503 A1 EP 1363503A1 EP 20020704892 EP20020704892 EP 20020704892 EP 02704892 A EP02704892 A EP 02704892A EP 1363503 A1 EP1363503 A1 EP 1363503A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- rabbits
- food
- general formula
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ACWQBUSCFPJUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tiglaldehyde Natural products CC=C(C)C=O ACWQBUSCFPJUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- ACWQBUSCFPJUPN-HWKANZROSA-N trans-2-methyl-2-butenal Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C=O ACWQBUSCFPJUPN-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 3
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008939 whole milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical class CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000499489 Castor canadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700112 Chinchilla Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282324 Felis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283953 Lagomorpha Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283960 Leporidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283985 Lepus europaeus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001306288 Ophrys fuciflora Species 0.000 description 1
- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxytocin Natural products N1C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101800000989 Oxytocin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031951 Oxytocin-neurophysin 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700161 Rattus rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019772 Sunflower meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004381 amniotic fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000077 angora Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001165 anti-coccidial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124536 anticoccidial agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000723 chemosensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021004 dietary regimen Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003826 endocrine responses Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003499 exocrine gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003050 macronutrient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N oxytocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001723 oxytocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001954 papillon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000229285 papillon Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000601 reactogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020122 reconstituted milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007727 signaling mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/50—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for rodents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new pheromone, more precisely a mammary pheromone emitted by the lactating female rabbit, as well as its applications in the feeding of rabbits.
- This compound emitted by the lactating rabbit having signal value for the newborn rabbit is 2-methyl-but-2-enal.
- the present invention constitutes the first chemical and behavioral characterization of a pheromone of mammary origin in the mammal.
- neonatal mortality is high and due to causes attributable to the mother and the young.
- the success of the first feeds is critical for the survival of the newborn, especially because of the parsimonious nature of the mother-young relationship, in particular because the newborn rabbits receive their daily milk ration in a single feed of 3 4 minutes.
- the identification of a substance having mammary pheromone activity therefore has particularly interesting applications insofar as it makes it possible to intervene in the ingestion of food by the rabbit or the young rabbit, either by being incorporated into the diet. lactating rabbit so as to be excreted in milk in a quantity greater than the basal quantity, that is by being incorporated directly into the diet of the young rabbit.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a composition for feeding rabbits, characterized in that it comprises a base formed from a liquid or solid food compatible with feeding rabbits and from 10 "9 to 10 " 4 g / gram of total composition of a compound of formula (I):
- Ri and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, and the other represents a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl group; - the dotted line represents the possibility of a double bond, if necessary in position 2 or 3;
- - Y represents H or the group OR 3 , R 3 representing H, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group or a CC 4 acyl group;
- - x represents 0 or 1
- - m represents 2 when a double bond is present in position 3 and 3 in the other cases
- - n 1 when no double bond is present and 0 when a double bond is present in position 2 or 3;
- - p represents 0 when a double bond is present in position 2 and 1 when no double bond is present in position 2;
- the dotted line represents a double bond in position 2.
- the compounds of formula (I) in which the dotted line represents a double bond in position 3 or which does not comprise a double bond that is to say derivatives of butanal, butanol or butanoic acid, also have less pheromone-like activity.
- one of Ri and R 2 represents a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl group, preferably methyl or ethyl, and the other represents the hydrogen atom.
- R 1 represents methyl or ethyl and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom are however preferred.
- Another group of preferred compounds is that in which x represents 1 and Y a hydrogen atom, that is to say generally aldehydes.
- non-natural is meant a composition which differs from natural rabbit milk.
- rabbit within the meaning of the present invention, is meant the species belonging to the genus Oryctolagus, very particularly the domestic rabbit Oryctolagus c ⁇ niculus, or any other member of the family Leporidae.
- the food composition is in solid form.
- the composition advantageously comprises a mixture of raw materials of essentially vegetable origin.
- This mixture is advantageously obtained by treating cereal seeds (corn, wheat, barley or their by-products), by treating roots or tubers (beets, cassava), grasses or other perennial fodder plants (alfalfa), or by treatment of oil or protein seeds or fruits (whole grains, oil cakes and other by-products: soy, sunflower, rapeseed, grape seeds, peas, faba bean).
- the food base is rich in carbohydrates, in particular in starch or its derivatives, digestible and indigestible vegetable fibers, vegetable proteins and lipids.
- the composition is in the form of granules.
- the compound of general formula (I) can in this case be incorporated into the granule or adsorbed on the surface thereof.
- a compound of general formula (I) When a compound of general formula (I) is incorporated into the granule, it is generally added in an organic vehicle, such as sunflower oil or modified or mineral corn starch, for example a zeolite or calcium carbonate in a food raw material, generally a flour obtained from a mixture of raw materials of various vegetable origin (wheat and its derivatives, barley, corn, beet pulp, alfalfa, sunflower and soybean meal) , containing vitamins and trace elements, then after mixing, subjected to granulation under conventional granulation conditions, preferably using a pellet press.
- the compound of general formula (I) can be adsorbed on the surface of the granules by any known means, in particular by spraying.
- the granules can be intended for feeding suckling rabbits or young rabbits after weaning.
- they advantageously contain the compound of general formula (I) in a concentration of between 10 "9 and 10 " 4 g per gram of total composition so as to release the compound of general formula (I) excreted in the secretions of the rabbit in an amount greater than the basal amount, and promote the attraction of newborn rabbits to the maternal udder.
- the composition in the form of granules advantageously contains the compound of general formula (I) in a concentration of between 10 "9 and 10 " 4 g per gram of total composition and is intended to be directly ingested by the young rabbit , the presence of the compound of general formula (I) promoting either the attraction of the young rabbit towards the food and therefore the quantity of food ingested and the growth, or the health of the young rabbit.
- young rabbit is meant a rabbit about 10 days to 13 weeks old.
- the incorporation of the compound of general formula (I) in the food of the rabbit allows either to increase the quantity of food ingested thanks to the signals emitted by the compound of general formula (I) in the direction of the smell of the young rabbit, and therefore will promote its growth, or improve its health.
- the composition for feeding rabbits is in liquid form.
- the composition may in particular be in the form of drinking water for breeding rabbits and comprise from 10 "9 g / ml to 10 " 4 g / ml of the compound of general formula (I) in solution in water.
- the composition may also consist of water intended to be absorbed by the young rabbit and contain from 10 "9 g / ml to 10 " 4 g / ml of the compound of general formula (I) in solution in water.
- the liquid composition advantageously contains an emulsifying agent or a co-solvent compatible with feeding rabbits.
- the liquid composition may be in the form of an artificial or reconstituted milk intended for feeding the young rabbit before weaning and whose composition differs from that of rabbit milk.
- the compound of general formula (I) is present in an amount between 10 ⁇ 9 g / ml and 10 "4 g / ml of milk.
- artificial milk is meant either sterilized rabbit milk whose composition differs from milk in that it does not include germs (pathogenic or not), or a milk reconstituted from derivatives of cow's milk diluted for obtain a liquid whose macro-nutrient composition is close to that of rabbit milk.
- the resulting artificial milk is richer in lactose than rabbit milk.
- food whether in liquid or solid form, intended for rabbits, in particular for breeding females and young rabbits, generally contains vitamins, added minerals (i.e. in addition to those naturally found in raw materials), food flavors and sometimes medicines, including antibiotics, anticoccidials or others.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of a compound of formula (I), preferably 2-methyl-but-2-enal, as a food additive for feeding rabbits, in particular feeding rabbits breeding and feeding of newborn rabbits aged 1 to 10 days or young rabbits aged 10 days to 13 weeks.
- a compound of formula (I) preferably 2-methyl-but-2-enal
- the invention also relates to a method intended to increase the intake of food by the young rabbit, comprising the incorporation in a food composition for young rabbits or breeding females of 10 "9 g to 10 " 4 g of a compound of general formula (I) per g of total food composition.
- said compound of general formula (I) is 2-methyl-but-2-enal.
- the invention further relates to a method for reducing the mortality of young rabbits or young rabbits comprising administering to rabbits or young rabbits a composition comprising from 10 "9 to 10 " 4 g of a compound of general formula (I) per g of composition.
- said compound of general formula (I) is 2-methyl-but-2-enal.
- FIG. 1 shows the response sequence of a newborn rabbit looking for and grabbing a glass funnel emitting 2-methyl-but-2-enal;
- FIG. 2 shows the gas chromatographic profile of the volatile fraction of milk and the cumulative olfactometric responses of rabbits associated with gas chromatography.
- the abscissa shows the retention times and the ordinate shows the number of olfactometric responses (bottom of the figure) and the signal intensity of the flame ionization detector (upper part of the figure) respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram illustrating the frequency of search / capture responses of the glass rod impregnated with each of the 22 reactogenic compounds identified in milk, in newborn rabbits;
- FIG. 4 shows the selective bioactivity profiles of 2-methyl-but-2-enal tested against (A): diluents, (B): volatile compounds not identified in rabbit milk, (C): compounds volatiles not present in rabbit milk but previously identified in rabbit exocrine secretions and (D) volatile compounds found neither in milk nor in glandular secretions of rabbits;
- FIG. 5 shows the frequency diagram of the search / capture responses of the glass rod impregnated with 2-methyl-but-2-enal for rabbits of different strains (A) and breeds (B);
- Figure 6 represents histograms showing the consumption of granules by young rabbits before and after weaning (Figure 6A), the evolution of the weight of young rabbits before and after weaning ( Figure 6B) and the mortality of young rabbits after weaning ( Figure 6C) for rabbits having been fed with a standard food, having received or not 2-methyl-but-2-enal spray.
- Rabbit milk (30 g) was poured into a flask immersed in a water bath at 40 ° C.
- a stream of nitrogen was passed for two hours through the sample through a microporous glass at a flow rate of 100 ml per minute and directed towards a Tenax trap (TA, 20-35 mesh, preconditioned in a gas flow inert for 10 x 20 minutes at 240 ° C).
- the trap was then purged with a stream of dry nitrogen (100 ml / minute) for two minutes to remove residual moisture.
- Chrompack TCP- cp-40-10 injector (Middlevier, Netherlands) placed on an HP 4890 gas chromatograph (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, California) and purged in the opposite direction to that used during adsorption.
- the volatiles are desorbed by heating the Tenax and then condensed in a capillary tube cooled with liquid nitrogen (- 130 ° C) placed before a C 20 M chromatographic column (30 m, 0.5 ⁇ , 0.32 mm J and W Scienfic, Folsom California).
- CPG coupling gas chromatography
- OM olfactometric measurement
- the cumulative frequency of the two responses made it possible to determine 22 regions active on the chromatographic profiles ( Figure 2).
- the active compounds corresponding to the peaks located in these regions were identified by mass spectrometry from the volatile fraction of the milk of rabbits.
- the identified compounds were systematically screened for their behavioral activity on rabbits aged 2 to 4 days (use of pure compounds).
- the test consisted in presenting glass rods, held immobilized by hand, with glass rods on which 30 ⁇ l of each compound were placed at a dilution of 10 "6 g / ml in a water / ethanol solvent (1000: 1)
- a single compound: 2-methyl-but-2-enal made it possible to obtain a considerably higher rate of the two types of response than all the other volatile compounds identified in milk for their presumed activity (fig. 3).
- the range of effective concentrations of 2-methyl-but-2-enal was analyzed by exposing 2- to 5-day-old rabbits to the end of a glass stick dipped in an aqueous solution of 2-methyl-but -2-enal. At concentrations above 10 "3 g / ml the efficacy of 2-methyl-but-2-enal decreases drastically. The minimum effective concentration of 2-methyl-but-2-enal is between 10 " 8 and 10 "9 g / ml.
- Beauchamp et al can be considered as a pheromone any compound (or mixture of compounds) chemically simple emitted by an individual which induces a precise endocrine or behavioral response in an individual receptor of the same species; these responses must have a clear functional meaning, have an invariable form in variable contexts, and be minimally influenced by postnatal learning.
- An additional condition is that these responses must be caused by the target compound (or mixture of compounds) and not by alternative mechanisms involving non-chemo-sensory systems, non-specific excitation or effects linked to novelty.
- a sixth criterion relating to the species specificity of the emission of the odor of the odorous signal has been added.
- 2-methyl-but-2-enal continued to elicit a search / capture response in 86 and 65% of the rabbits tested, respectively .
- the response to 2-methyl-but-2-enal is highly selective in the young rabbit before weaning.
- the selectivity of 2-methyl-but-2-enal was also evaluated against odorous substances to which the young rabbits could have been exposed beforehand in utero and in lacto, in particular from the food of pregnant females.
- the species specificity of the compound has also been examined by exposure to 2-methyl-but-2-enal of newborns belonging to species more or less distant from the genus Oryctolagus.
- the newborns tested belonged to the Lagomorphs, namely Lepus europaeus, and to more distant taxa (Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, and Felis cattus). None of these neonates tested to date has shown reactivity towards the target compound, which indicates a species specificity of the coupling between the 2-methyl-but-2-enal stimulus and the search / capture response. (figure 5).
- EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of a composition for feeding rabbits containing 2-methyl-but-2-enal and behavioral tests.
- a 200 kg mixture was made from raw materials commonly used in rabbit feeding: wheat (14%), barley (10%), beet pulp (21%), alfalfa (35%), brown crab sunflower (17%), mixture of vitamins and minerals (0.5%), calcium phosphate (0.5%), calcium carbonate (1.5%), salt (0.5%).
- the authors of the invention studied the adsorbing power of two organic matrices (sunflower oil, purified corn starch) and two mineral matrices (zeolite and calcium carbonate), diluted to 0.5% in the base mixture (i.e. 125 g of matrix for 25 kg of food).
- the incorporation of 2-methyl-but-2-enal directly into the food after dilution in water has also been studied.
- 2-methyl-but-2-enal was incorporated at a final concentration of 10 "5 g / g before granulation, ie 0.25 g per 25 kg of food.
- the aqueous solution also was studied at the final concentration of 10 "4 g / g (or 2.5 g for 25 kg of food).
- the preparation of the matrices was carried out as follows: - Sunflower oil: The desired quantity of pure 2-methyl-but-2-enal (0.25 g) was mixed with the oil (125 g) under a magnetic stirrer.
- the basic mixture in the form of flour was then divided into 25 kg fractions.
- the 125 g of matrix or water previously "odourized” with 2-methyl-but-2-enal were mixed manually with 1 kg of flour, then mechanically mixed (mixer) with the remaining 24 kg of flour, for 4 6 minutes.
- the mixer was "cleaned” between each preparation.
- the different fractions have then granulated, going from the least concentrated fraction (white food) to the most concentrated (lO ⁇ g / g).
- a sample of granulated food (approximately 2 kg) was collected immediately after leaving the press in an insulated bottle and the temperature of the granules was measured for each of the mixtures.
- the inventors studied the reactivity of newborn rabbits, aged 1 to 3 days, to the presentation of a commercial food, a white food, an odorized granule prepared as described above or a glass rod impregnated with a solution of 2-methyl-but-2-enal at 10 ⁇ 6 g / g of solution. Oral activation tests were carried out on each rabbit before feeding.
- Table 2 Result of behavioral tests with granules manufactured for less than 3 days
- the maternity cages are divided into two compartments in order to be able to dissociate the consumption of solid food of the rabbits from that of the mother.
- the experimental treatment is maintained until D42. All rabbits are then given the same standard unsprayed feed.
- the odorization of solid food has no influence on the consumption, weight gain and mortality of young rabbits before weaning.
- over the fattening period J29-70:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0102752A FR2821243B1 (fr) | 2001-02-28 | 2001-02-28 | Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins |
| FR0102752 | 2001-02-28 | ||
| PCT/FR2002/000687 WO2002067693A1 (fr) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-02-25 | Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1363503A1 true EP1363503A1 (fr) | 2003-11-26 |
Family
ID=8860568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020704892 Withdrawn EP1363503A1 (fr) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-02-25 | Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1363503A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2821243B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002067693A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2225956A1 (fr) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-09-08 | Nestec S.A. | Compositions d'aliments en gel |
| US8741965B2 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-06-03 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Method of administering a pheromone composition to an animal to modify the animals behavior over an extended period of time |
| PL2757888T3 (pl) * | 2011-09-20 | 2018-12-31 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Kompozycje interomonowe i ich zastosowanie do modyfikowania zachowań u różnych gatunków kręgowców |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2118420B (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1986-01-02 | Licencia Talalmanyokat | Fodder additive for the keeping of small animals and a process for the improvement of the meat quality |
| WO1995011597A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-04 | Setaelae Jouko | Procede de distribution d'un aliment, et aliment |
| DE19900476A1 (de) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Ruediger Bode | Flüssiges Futtermittel oder Zusatzfuttermittel |
| FR2788198B1 (fr) * | 1999-01-13 | 2001-02-16 | Tech Animales Bureau Des | Aliment granule compose complet riche en fibres destine a l'alimentation du lapin en situation sanitaire delicate |
-
2001
- 2001-02-28 FR FR0102752A patent/FR2821243B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-25 EP EP20020704892 patent/EP1363503A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-25 WO PCT/FR2002/000687 patent/WO2002067693A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO02067693A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2821243B1 (fr) | 2004-12-24 |
| FR2821243A1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
| WO2002067693A1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 |
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