EP1363260B1 - Verfahren zur Funkkommunikation unter mehreren Vorrichtungen und Überwachungssystem zur Durchfürung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Funkkommunikation unter mehreren Vorrichtungen und Überwachungssystem zur Durchfürung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1363260B1
EP1363260B1 EP03360058A EP03360058A EP1363260B1 EP 1363260 B1 EP1363260 B1 EP 1363260B1 EP 03360058 A EP03360058 A EP 03360058A EP 03360058 A EP03360058 A EP 03360058A EP 1363260 B1 EP1363260 B1 EP 1363260B1
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Prior art keywords
message
devices
central device
transmission
peripheral
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1363260A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Michel Reibel
Fabrice Lienhardt
François BERNHARD
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Radio Systemes Ingenierie SA
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Radio Systemes Ingenierie SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007—Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication by radio transmission between several separate elements, in particular but not exclusively in the case of surveillance or alarm systems, and relates to an improved communication method and a monitoring or control system. alarm using such a method.
  • the sensors or other peripherals are frequently transmitted for all the detections observed, regardless of the activation mode of the system (armed or disarmed), because they are not aware of the system status defined at the plant.
  • the reception at the plant can only be intermittent and the emission at the level of the sensors also.
  • the transmission time on the sensor side be greater than the duration of the listening rhythm (reception) on the central side.
  • the values retained are a compromise between the two, while ensuring the system an acceptable reaction time (average time to inform the central unit of a detection observed by a sensor).
  • EP 0 676 733 describes a synchronization system between sensors and a central unit, for bidirectional radio links.
  • the present invention aims to meet at least some of the needs expressed above and to provide a solution meeting at least some of the above limitations.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method of bidirectional communication by transmission of radio frequency messages in the form of frequency-modulated digital frames between a master central or primary device and several slave peripheral or secondary devices, these devices being all physically independent , provided with autonomous power sources and at least equipped with a radio transmission / reception circuit, as well as a time accounting module providing a local time reference, a method consisting, in normal operation, of synchronizing at intervals predetermined the accounting modules of the various devices by transmitting a synchronization radio message from the central device to the peripheral devices and to establish a discontinuous radio communication link, during predetermined repetitive separate temporal windows, between said disp central ositive and peripheral devices, corresponding to limited periods of cyclic activation of said central device and at least some of said peripheral devices, repeated at regular and / or predetermined intervals, of duration (s) lower than that ( s) intervals separating two successive transmissions of the synchronization message, characterized in that each activation period comprises a first phase or time interval of authorization or obligation of transmission
  • the repetition of the synchronization phases will preferably be regular, that is to say with a given frequency (simple and robust procedure). However, this repetition may also be irregular and follow a given pattern identical for the central device and the peripheral devices concerned.
  • each message exchanged between the master device and the slave device comprises a first preamble part whose duration time is greater than the maximum drift of synchronization between the central device and the peripheral devices during the interval between two successive synchronization messages and the device (s) in the listening phase remain activated (s) at least during the duration of this preamble, continuously or discontinuously, said device or devices being disabled (s) or put on standby in the absence of message detection after this period has elapsed.
  • the body of the preamble may consist of a portion of a digital message formed of a repeating pattern comprising as many as 1 as 0, preferably present in a regularly alternating manner, said preamble ending in a a particular digital character pattern different from said repeating pattern, preferably an extended sequence of a plurality of 1, followed by a prolonged sequence of a plurality of 0's.
  • the preamble is followed by a synchronization byte for the activation of the asynchronous radio transmission interface of the transmission / reception circuit of the device (s) central or recipient device (s), and that said peripheral devices perform, after each reception of a synchronization radio message, a verification of the validity of said message, then an exploitation of its time information by its comparison with the local time reference of the peripheral device concerned and the subsequent change, in advance or delay, of the local time reference provided by the corresponding accounting module as a function of the difference observed or a fraction thereof, evaluated taking into account at least the last two previous deviations noted.
  • the length of messages sent will be calculated in such a way that in no case is the allocated emission authorization phase exceeded.
  • the central device is systematically listening during the first phase of each cyclic activation period.
  • the peripheral devices are allowed to transmit, one by one, in a predetermined cyclic order, for example linked to their identification and registration address with the central device, and with a repetition frequency, occurrence or embodiment corresponding to a sub-multiple of the repetition frequency of the limited activation periods and the listening phases of said peripheral devices are repeated with a repetition or occurrence frequency corresponding to a sub-multiple of the repetition frequency limited periods of activation, said repetition frequencies being different for each type or each of the peripheral devices, the frequencies of the listening phases being, for the same peripheral devices, higher than the frequencies, transmission phases all the peripheral devices listening during each transmission of a synchronous radio message onisation issued by the central device.
  • the messages addressed by the peripheral devices to the central device consist either of predetermined routine messages indicating a normal situation at the peripheral device concerned and necessarily addressed to the central device repeatedly at successive clean times.
  • each peripheral device either in random messages for signaling an incident, an event or an abnormal situation, each signaling message being transmitted to the central device during the transmission authorization phase of the period d activation immediately following the occurrence of the incident, the event or the abnormal situation and its issuing beginner before the start of the transmission authorization phase, said signaling messages being provided with extended preambles.
  • the method according to the invention thus implements a method of actively monitoring the radio link between the peripherals and the central unit by sending presence messages cyclically.
  • the devices send their respective message sequentially by using their individual address to determine the time of emission with respect to their local time reference, itself periodically calibrated on the sequencing of the plant. Similarly, the control unit determines for its part the times during which it is supposed to receive the presence messages of the various registered devices.
  • the various devices are capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals on at least two frequency channels, namely a main channel used in normal operation and at least one folding, folding or emergency channel used in case of difficulty of transmission on the main channel, or by time distribution communications on several channels used alternately.
  • said method may consist of switching radio transmissions between devices of the main channel on the or a fallback channel at the initiative of a peripheral device, after the latter has diagnosed a cut of its radiofrequency link with the central device, either because of the absence of reception, possibly repeated synchronization radio message to one or more predetermined deadline (s), either because of the absence of response message or acknowledgment of receipt of the central device following the prior sending, repeatedly , radio messages, in particular messages signaling an incident, an event or an abnormal situation, of the peripheral device concerned to said central device.
  • the switching of the transmissions between devices on the or a fallback channel consists, for the peripheral device at the initiative of said tilting, to switch on the or a fallback channel at the time of the advent a phase of authorization or obligation to issue messages (s) assigned to it in the order established for the various peripheral devices, to then put in listening situation for a first period at least equal the sum of the periods of time between two cyclic activation periods and of such a period, and possibly, repetitively, during the estimated consecutive transmission phases of the central device, until a message is received; shifted synchronization emitted by the central device and setting the new transmission and listening rhythm between said peripheral device and said central device on said channel downturn.
  • the switching of the transmissions between devices on the or a fallback channel consists, for the central device, after having noted the repeated absence of reception of any message, in particular of a routine message, during several successive phases of authorization or transmission obligation allocated to the peripheral device having switched, to emit during the next scheduled listening phase of said peripheral device a synchronization message shifted on the fallback channel, or successively on the various possible fallback channels, possibly repeating this transmission during several successive corresponding listening phases of the peripheral devices on the fallback channel (s), until receiving a message back from said peripheral device having switched over , and to address one or more messages, in one or more phases of authorization of transmission of said central device, requiring the switching of the other peripheral devices on the foldback channel considered, if necessary in the order of addressing of said other peripheral devices, the successive transmission / reception phases of the different devices on the main channel and on the foldback channel being shifted temporally, the order of addressing devices, after their switching, will be the fallback channel being either identical to that prevailing on the main channel,
  • This latter arrangement allows the central device to simultaneously communicate with all the peripheral devices distributed on the two transmission channels.
  • the devices are capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals on at least two different frequency channels and at each successive time window the central device and the peripheral devices are switched to a different channel. of the one used for the immediately preceding time window, according to a predetermined order of succession of said channels, which is identical for each device and which takes place synchronously for all said devices.
  • the latter use at least four different communication channels and the order of succession of said channels is selected at the start of said devices.
  • the repetition sequence of the different channels will preferably be odd when the number of usable channels is even and will have a greater number of steps than the number of usable channels.
  • the pairing of such a new peripheral device or the re-pairing of a peripheral device having been disconnected from the device exchange consists of exchanges of asynchronous radio messages to be sent to the central device a message indicating the characteristics of said new peripheral device, in particular the frequency of its activation for transmission and listening, and then to transmit to the latter an identification address, also setting its order in the sequence of phases of authorizing transmission of the various peripheral devices in connection with the central device, an initial synchronization message and a possible site identifier used for secure transmissions.
  • the method according to the invention may consist of a mobile peripheral device, having been moved outside the coverage field of the central device and having received a reactivation and / or reconnection signal or having been the subject of a solicitation of this type, to transmit continuously for a duration greater than the sum of the durations of a period of activation of the devices and an interval between two such periods, a signaling frame containing the identification address or the identifier assigned to said device, then to be in a listening situation in order to receive a response from the central device, in the form of an initial synchronization message accompanied by an authentication request, to repeat the two previous operations for the different possible transmission channels, starting with the last channel used by said peripheral device before its disconnection from the central, ju until a response from the central device has been received or the predetermined maximum number of attempts has been reached, with said peripheral device being put on standby or subsequently deactivated if communication with the central device is not restored.
  • these latter measurements may be implemented in connection with a peripheral device not fixed, nomadic, such as a remote control or the like.
  • each peripheral device may have two different frequencies of repetition of its cyclic activation period and of radio communication with the central device, namely a low frequency and a high frequency, said peripheral device operating normally with the low repetition rate and said peripheral device swinging to the high repetition rate when said device is solicited or activated or, in advance, when said device determines the occurrence next action that may require it or require the establishment of a communication with the central device.
  • the communication method according to the invention can be implemented by a surveillance or alarm system, the central device consisting of a microprocessor alarm central for the execution of the management program and driving said system and provided with an external communication interface and the peripheral devices consisting of one or more sensor (s), control organ (s), organ (s) for taking pictures and / or sounds, siren (s), buzzer (s), actuator (s), detector (s) and / or device (s) for communication to a network.
  • the central device consisting of a microprocessor alarm central for the execution of the management program and driving said system and provided with an external communication interface
  • the peripheral devices consisting of one or more sensor (s), control organ (s), organ (s) for taking pictures and / or sounds, siren (s), buzzer (s), actuator (s), detector (s) and / or device (s) for communication to a network.
  • the invention also relates to a surveillance or alarm system comprising a central unit and peripherals, forming independent devices and autonomous power supply, characterized in that it implements the communication method as described above. .
  • a monitoring or alarm system consisting of at least one central or central device 1 with a microprocessor (in some cases called a base) cooperating with at least one peripheral or peripheral device 2 selected from the list comprising sensors, control elements, sirens, horns, actuators and communication devices to a network using short-distance radio communications (also called SRD) using a free band of ISM type).
  • a microprocessor in some cases called a base
  • peripheral or peripheral device 2 selected from the list comprising sensors, control elements, sirens, horns, actuators and communication devices to a network using short-distance radio communications (also called SRD) using a free band of ISM type).
  • SRD short-distance radio communications
  • Each element of this system is equipped with a radio transmitting / receiving circuit 1 ', 2' (alternating) and has an autonomous power source (battery or battery), as well as a module 1 ", 2" associated time accounting a time reference (typically a quartz with a counting chain) also called “local reference”.
  • a radio transmitting / receiving circuit 1 ', 2' (alternating) and has an autonomous power source (battery or battery), as well as a module 1 ", 2" associated time accounting a time reference (typically a quartz with a counting chain) also called “local reference”.
  • the central unit 1 transmits periodically a radio signal containing information representative of the temporal sequencing of said central unit 1 and the peripherals 2 capture this information so as to block their internal operation at a rate identical to or multiple from that of the central unit 1 or at all. less are trying to get close to it.
  • the central unit 1 When the central unit 1 sends the temporal information, it precedes it with a series of characters (called preamble) whose duration of emission is greater than the maximum drift observable between a peripheral 2 and the central 1 (taking into account the uncertainties precision of quartz, temperature differences, aging of quartz and various uncertainties), increased by the number of synchronization of the reception, allowing the peripherals 2 in reception mode to detect the transmission of the temporal information despite the drifts of the time references, knowing that the timing and the moment of transmission are predetermined both in the central 1 and in the peripherals 2 considered.
  • preamble a series of characters
  • Said peripherals 2 exploit this temporal information after verifying the validity thereof (use of an electronic "signature” or authentication system) by modifying their counting chain in advance or delay of the latter according to the difference observed between the local reference (device 2) and the temporal information transmitted, of a value equal to this difference or a fraction of this difference, weighted by the average value calculated in a sliding manner on the previous deviations.
  • the unit 1 can operate on a reception rate of one second (interval separating two successive listening phases), for a duration of about 8 ms in the absence of message and 30 ms in the presence of message from a synchronized device 2.
  • the window or listening phase of the panel 1 starts 125 ms (1/8 s) before its speech window. This window is called Peripheral Speech Time (TPP).
  • TPP Peripheral Speech Time
  • This listening period of the central 1 is followed by a 40 ms talk time for the latter called TPC (central speaking time). It is used to synchronize devices every 64 seconds (repeated sending of synchronization message). TPC talk times are only used if the control panel has information to transmit. Synchronized devices are not allowed to transmit during the TPC (see figure 1 ).
  • unsynchronized 2 devices When unsynchronized 2 devices are transmitting, they may accidentally do so during the talk time of the panel, and for up to one second. The plant must therefore check before issuing, the presence or absence of a program already engaged.
  • the energy saving is obtained by reducing the listening and transmission times for the different devices 1 and 2 constituting the alarm system. This reduction is only possible thanks to the synchronization of peripherals on the rhythm of the plant.
  • peripherals 2 are synchronized on the control unit.
  • the devices are calibrated at the rate of 60 s. This synchronization is maintained by the repeated (systematic) acquisition of the sync signal (synchronization message) transmitted by the central unit. Since the control unit is receiving every second, the devices having a message to be sent to the control panel must do so within the planned TPP interval (see figure 1 ).
  • the devices are also listening in a predetermined alternating cycle. While for the plant this cycle is one second, it can vary from 2 to 30 seconds depending on the devices.
  • control panel can not communicate at any time, with any device, and that it must therefore manage its listening periods for devices in a predictive manner.
  • the control panel informs the peripherals of the activation of this communication mode, which will have the consequence for the concerned devices to keep the reception activated until the current transaction or communication is completed or this mode is deactivated by the control panel.
  • control panel and the peripherals have a time base of 32768.
  • the control unit sends a synchronization signal (message) which allows the devices to reset the counting channels of their counting modules 2 ".
  • the sync top coincides with the end of the synchronization message word (but another convention can be used).
  • the plant must therefore anticipate the length of the preamble to be "on time”.
  • the synchronization message can take on the appearance of any message.
  • the devices software adjust their clock based on the discrepancies noted at the time of synchronization. Without correction, a measure of the observed difference (between the sync signal and the local clock) can contribute to maintaining a satisfactory level of performance in the event of loss of "extended" sync, because the necessary activation anticipations can be minimized.
  • the error will, in the practical case mentioned above, be 6 ms or a delta of 12 ms as mentioned previously.
  • control unit is activated first, a device can emit 12 ms later. These 12 ms are advantageously absorbed by the presence of a preamble signal preceding the actual message (see Figure 2A ).
  • the preamble contains both 1 and 0 so that, coded in frequency modulation, the average value of the radio signal corresponds to the central value of the radio channel used thus enabling the activation of an automatic control device of the radio frequency.
  • Frequency (AFC) receiver side at the beginning of the communication.
  • the preamble consists of a sequence of characters 55h (101010 7) allowing a faster operation of the frequency servo and can be followed by a pattern consisting of two characters FFh and 00h used to mark the end of the preamble and the beginning of the data transmitted in the message or the frame concerned 2.
  • said preamble may, for example, be composed of 15 characters or 15.6 ms duration (at 9600 bds).
  • the first 14 characters may be identical and be worth 0xF0 (0000011111 in binary).
  • the 15th is 0x9C (0001110011 in binary).
  • the beginning of the preamble materializes in the form of positive and negative pulses of equal length ( ⁇ 521 ⁇ s).
  • the last character 0x9C indicates the end of the preamble.
  • the activation of the latter can be cut in two periods of 4 ms (instead of 15 ms continuous), as shown in FIG. Figure 2B .
  • a synchronization fault may occur when a device 2 misses one or more synchronization message (s) issued by the central unit 1.
  • the device retains its internal reference, but the next minute, it must anticipate the TPC so as to receive the synchronization message even in case of delay.
  • the device concerned must initiate a procedure to find its synchronization, such as that represented for example on the figure 3 .
  • the system according to the invention will, for example implement a method for managing transmissions on multiple channels with folding in case of failure of the conventional radio link.
  • the unit 1 asks the various registered devices 2 to measure the quality of the radio signal on all the exploitable channels (measurement of the noise floor using the RSSI - power indicator of the received signal), so as to determine in a second time what will be respectively the main channel and the backup channel (or fallback). After making the selection, the unit 1 indicates to all the devices the instructions on the choice of channels.
  • one of the devices 2 of the system will initiate the change of channel when the required conditions are fulfilled, and the central 1 will emit a form of radio beacon on the channel of fallback (after the requirements), while maintaining the management of the main channel.
  • Each device 2 having switched to the draw channel changes its timing and reception timeline. Indeed, while the devices running on the main channel are activated at different rates (depending on the nature of the devices), the rhythm is identical for all as soon as they have switched to the fallback channel.
  • the instants of the listening phases on the fallback channel are offset with respect to the nominal operation.
  • the exchanges (excluding alerts) are made on second pairs and, in emergency operation (draw channel) and the radio beacon is transmitted by the central 1 on odd seconds (which allows it to continue to manage other devices 2 on the main channel).
  • the link loss procedure is initiated after two synchronization losses (two synchronization messages not received).
  • the isolated device of the plant continues to listen for a synchronization every minute on the initial channel.
  • Anticipation of TPP and TPC intervals are anticipated (or delayed) of the value: (Number of minutes since last sync) x (average error found).
  • the isolated device switches to the fallback channel at the moment when it was supposed to send its presence message and goes into reception mode for a second to try to capture a sync (the control unit having noted the absence of a signal presence, it is programmed to send a status request (synchronized) to the draw channel.
  • the device concerned will fall asleep for 32 seconds, then reactivate the reception for 40 ms on the fallback channel (during the TPC) and so on (sleep, Rx, ). These 40 ms are divided into periods of 4 ms of Rx separated by 2 ms standby.
  • a mobile device such as a remote control
  • the surveillance or alarm system will be a special case since it could be outside the coverage area at moment of migration (switchover of devices on the fallback channel). Therefore, if it is not synchronized, it transmits asynchronously successively on the four channels starting with the most recently used channel.
  • the program on each channel must be one second to allow the station to listen.
  • the different communication channels that can be used are preferably located in the 868 MHz band.
  • a mobile device such as a remote control will have to be managed in a specific way, in particular as regards its communication with the plant, since it is likely to leave the radio coverage area of the plant.
  • a transmission frame proposal for the remote control is shown on the figure 4 .
  • the proposed frame contains 4 bytes repeated 241 times to obtain a second of emission:
  • the first byte is a preamble byte
  • the 2nd is the same sync byte preamble messages and is 0xf0 (0000011111 in binary.
  • the 3 rd and 4 th bytes are a fixed value at the time of pairing the remote control .
  • the first case is identified by the central unit by the observation of the envelope of superimposed carriers: the signal indicating the field level must in principle indicate at the end of the TPP the absence of a signal, following an impossibility to decode viable data during the TPP.
  • the control unit continues by sending in the TPC a message requesting a prolonged listening of the peripherals to allow a call of two-ci.
  • the transmission of the remote control is perceived by the central, at the earliest at the time of the TPP, if not during dialogue.
  • the field level signal will indicate a continuation of the presence of the emission, and during dialogue, the silence intervals will not be respected. From these observations, the control unit interrupts the current dialogues to listen (and to decode as soon as possible) the frame of the remote control. It would be desirable for the devices involved to also be able to detect this case to cancel a scheduled broadcast.
  • the control unit responds with a message (in priority on what was in progress) to the remote control to initiate a dialogue.
  • This response must occur within the standard timeout period so that the remote control does not switch to the channel next radio. It would be desirable, if this collision occurs at the time of a sync, that the devices having found either the absence of synchro or the remote control frame, postpones to the next second the synchro attempt. In the event of failure (that is to say of impossibility for the central one to emit the synchro), this one will be carried out for the next minute (at this stage, in 63 seconds).
  • the monitoring or alarm system may also implement an initial synchronization method for each new device 2 (also called pairing).
  • a device before a device can integrate into the system, it will exchange information on its characteristics (type of sensor, identifier, ..) and receive back an address code to identify it within of the system, as well as a "setting time" of its local reference in relation to the central 1.
  • the transmission periods are interspersed with short reception periods in order to test a possible response from the central unit 1 (and initiate dialogue ).
  • Said central 1 will be placed beforehand in a specific mode used to install new peripherals 2, so as not to accidentally take into account a device being installed in another system within radio range.
  • This initial sync mode can also be applied to devices that have left the radio coverage area of Central Station 1 (remote control, alert locket, etc.). Indeed, if one wishes to solicit them after having returned in the perimeter of the central 1, they must resynchronize to be able to dialogue. Similarly, a device 2 that has been stopped (battery replacement) will have to re-engage this procedure.
  • Such a frame is represented on the figure 5 appended drawings, and is normally preceded by a preamble and a synchronization byte as evoked above (not shown).
  • the "signaling" fields indicate to the recipient device (s) of the frame the conditions and the sequence of the transmission in progress.
  • These fields can, for example, indicate the situation of the frame in a transmission (first, last), the number of recipients (frame destined for a specific device or all peripherals), the type of recipients (device having a transmission in progress). , the writing or not of an encryption or an authentication, and the synchronized or asynchronous nature of the frame.
  • the length (coded on 6 bits) indicates the number of bytes of the "data" zone.
  • the Ack flag is an acknowledgment flag indicating that the frame is also used to acknowledge the received frame.
  • Valid addresses are from 01h to 3Eh, with 00 being used for broadcast commands and 3Fh for unpaired devices.
  • the address of the control panel is always implicit. In the peripheral direction towards the central, the address represents the sender, in the opposite direction, it is about the addressee.
  • the field "data” forms the area containing the useful information. Most frames are of fixed length, that is, the data is 32 bits long. To homogenize the formats, the length appears in all the messages.
  • the "MAC” zone is used to authenticate the message and the calculation of its content can be done in various ways, in particular according to those known to those skilled in the art, for example of the type known as AES.
  • CRC is a zone of cyclic redundancy making it possible to ensure that the frame has not undergone an error during the radio transmission. Its calculation complies with the CCIR standard. The data taken into account in the calculation include all the fields (from signaling_1 to MAC included).
  • the first nonstandard sequence is used by the remote (and all other mobile devices) to indicate its intention to emit a status frame. Indeed, a prolonged distance from the central causes loss of synchronization.
  • the remote sends a particular sequence for one second on the last channel used and tries to get a response from the panel. Failure causes the same sequence to be broadcast on another channel, and so on until all four channels are exhausted.
  • the other non-standard sequence is used by the control panel to resynchronize devices whose radio link has been interrupted for an extended period (typically> 512 s). This case does not concern mobile devices (remotes, medallions, etc.). Indeed, after 128 seconds without synchronization and a synchro request in failure, a device goes into a sleep mode from which it will only come out on solicitation of the central, this in order to preserve the energy of the batteries. In use, times will be refined to not get a too sensitive system.
  • the figures 7 and 8 show schematically the different possible states for the peripheral devices 2, respectively in relation to the first and second embodiments.

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Claims (17)

  1. Verfahren zur bidirektionalen Kommunikation durch Übertragung von Funkfrequenzmeldungen in Form von digitalen Datagrammen, die in eine Frequenz zwischen einer Zentralvorrichtung oder Primäreinheit und mehreren peripheren Vorrichtungen oder Untereinheiten umgewandelt werden, wobei diese Vorrichtungen alle physisch unabhängig, mit autonomen Energiequellen und mit mindestens einem Schaltkreis für Funksender/-empfänger ausgestattet sind sowie einem Zählmodul für die Zeit, die als lokale Zeitreferenz dient,
    wobei das Verfahren, bei normalen Betrieb, folgendes umfasst:
    - Synchronisation der Zählmodule der unterschiedlichen Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) in vorgegebenen Intervallen, durch das Senden einer Synchronisationsfunkmeldung der Zentralvorrichtung (1) an die peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) und
    - Herstellen einer diskontinuierlichen Funk-Kommunikationsverbindung während vorgegebener einzelner wiederholter Zeitfenster zwischen der Zentralvorrichtung (1) und den peripheren Vorrichtungen (2), was der zyklischen Aktivierung der Zentralvorrichtmig (1) und zumindest bestimmten peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) während begrenzter Zeitperioden entspricht, die in regelmäßigen und/oder vorgegebenen Intervallen wiederholt werden und kürzer sind als die Dauer der Intervalle, die zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden gesendeten Synchronisationsmeldungen liegen, und das Verfahren
    dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    jede Aktivierungsperiode folgendes umfasst:
    - eine erste Phase zur Sende-Autorisierung oder zur Sende-Obligation der Meldung(en) für eine der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) und zum gleichzeitigen Hörempfang, mindestens während eines ersten Teils dieser ersten Phase für die Zentralvorrichtung (1) sowie
    - eine zweite Phase zur Sende-Autorisierung der Meldung(en) für die Zentralvorrichtung (1) und zum gleichzeitigen Hörempfang für mindestens eine der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2), d. h. der/die ρrogrammierte(n) Empfänger einer möglichen Meldung der Zentralvorrichtung (1),
    wobei die zweite Phase der ersten Phase sofort folgt und die Synchronisationsmeldung in vorgegebenen Intervallen während einer zweiten Phase gesendet wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - Meldungen, die zwischen der Zentralvorrichtung (1) und der/den untergeordneten Vorrichtung(en) (2) übertragen werden, einen ersten Teil umfassen, dessen Zeitdauer über der maximalen Abweichung der Synchronisation zwischen der Zentralvorrichtung (1) und den peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) liegt, während des Intervalls, das zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Synchronisationsmeldungen liegt und
    - die Vorrichtung(en) in kontinuierlicher oder diskontinuierlicher Weise in der Hörempfang-Phase aktiv bleibt/bleiben und zwar mindestens für die Zeitdauer dieses ersten Teils und die Vorrichtung(en) bei Ausbleiben der Meldungserkennung nach Ablauf dieser Zeitdauer deaktiviert oder in einen Stand-by-Modus versetzt wird/werden.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    sich dieser erste Teil aus einem Teil digitaler Meldungen zusammensetzt, die aus einem Wiederholungsmuster gebildet werden und aus der gleichen Anzahl Einsen und Nullen bestehen, vorzugsweise in sich regelmäßig abwechselnder Reihenfolge, wobei dieser erste Teil mit einem Muster besonderer digitaler Zeichen endet, das sich von dem Wiederholungsmuster unterscheidet und vorzugsweise aus einer längeren Folge einer Vielzahl von Einsen besteht gefolgt von einer längeren Folge aus einer Vielzahl von Nullen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - bei jeder gesendeten Meldung diesem ersten Teil ein Synchronisationsbyte folgt, für die Aktivierung der asynchronen Funkübertragungsschnittstelle des Schaltkreises für Funksender/-empfänger (1', 2') der Zentralvorrichtung(en) (1) oder des/der peripheren Empfänger(s) (2) und
    - die peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) nach jeder erhaltenen Synchronisationsfunkmeldung eine Überprüfung auf Gültigkeit der Meldung vornehmen und dann aufgrund des Vergleichs mit der lokalen Zeitreferenz der betreffenden peripheren Vorrichtung (2) eine Auswertung der vorzeitigen oder verzögerten Zeitinformation vornehmen sowie die anschließende Modifizierung der lokalen Zeitreferenz, die durch das entsprechende Zählmodul (2"), in Abhängigkeit der festgestellten zeitlichen Abweichung oder einem Bruchteil dieser bereitgestellt wird, wobei die Modifizierung für die Auswertung mindestens zwei der festgestellten vorherigen Abweichungen berücksichtigt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Zentraleinheit (1) systematisch während der ersten Phase jeder zyklischen Aktivierungsperiode auf Hörempfang ist,
    - die peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) autorisiert sind jeweils nacheinander in einer vorgegebenen zyklischen Reihenfolge zu senden, zum Beispiel aufgrund ihrer Identifikations- oder Registrierungsadresse in der Zentralvorrichtung (1) und dies mit einer Folge-, Okkurrenz- oder Realisationfrequeiiz, die einem Divisor der Folgefrequenz der begrenzten Aktivierungsperioden entspricht und
    - die Hörempfang-Phasen der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) sich mit einer Folge- oder Okkurrenzfrequenz wiederholen, die einem Divisor der Folgefrequenzen der begrenzten Aktivierungsperioden entsprechen,
    wobei die Folgefrequenzen für jeden Typ oder jede periphere Vorrichtung (2) unterschiedlich ist, die Frequenz der Hörempfang-Phasen für die gleichen peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) über der Frequenz der Sendephasen liegt und alle peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) bei Senden der Synchronisationsfunkmeldung durch die Zentralvorrichtung auf Hörempfang sind.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    direkt vor jeder Sendephase einer Meldung durch die Zentralvorrichtung (1) oder eine der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2), die betroffene Vorrichtung (1 oder 2) auf Hörempfang schaltet und ausschließlich bei Ausbleiben der Funkmeldung während der Übertragung autorisiert ist zu senden.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Meldungen der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) an die Zentralvorrichtung (1) folgende Meldungen umfassen:
    - vorgegebene Routinemeldungen, die eine normale Situation seitens der betroffenen peripheren Vorrichtung (2) anzeigen und obligatorisch in wiederholter Weise und in aufeinanderfolgenden Abständen einzelner peripherer Vorrichtung (2) an die Zentralvorrichtung (I) gesendet werden oder
    - Signalmeldungen, die einen Zwischenfall, ein Ereignis oder eine anormale Situation signalisieren, wobei die Signalmeldungen zu der Zentralvorrichtung (1) während der Sende-Autorisierungphase der Aktivierungsperiode unmittelbar nach Eintreten des Zwischenfalls, des Ereignisses oder der anormalen Situation übertragen werden und vor der Sende-Autorisierungsphase gesendet werden und die Signalmeldungen einen längeren ersten Teil aufweisen,
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die verschiedenen Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) geeignet sind, Funksignale auf mindestens zwei Frequenzkanälen zu senden und zu empfangen und zwar auf einem Hauptkanal für den normalen Betrieb und auf mindestens einem Failover-, Hilfs- oder Notkanal, der bei Übertragungsschwierigkeiten des Hauptkanals benutzt wird und
    - eine periphere Vorrichtung (2), die die Funkübertragungen zwischen den Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) von dem Hauptkanal auf den oder einen Failover-Kanal umschaltet, nachdem die periphere Vorrichtung eine Unterbrechung der Funkfrequenzverbindung mit der Zentralvorrichtung (1) diagnostiziert hat, aufgrund der eventuell wiederholten, nicht empfangenen Funksynchronisationsmeldung(en) nach Ablauf einer oder mehrerer vorgegebenen Perioden oder aufgrund des Ausbleibens der Antwortmeldung oder Empfangsbestätigung der Zentralvorrichtung (1) nach wiederholtem Senden vorheriger Funkmeldungen, insbesondere Signalmeldungen, die einen Zwischenfall, ein Ereignis oder eine anormale Situation der betroffenen peripheren Vorrichtung (2) für die Zentralvorrichtung (1) anzeigen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Umschaltung der Übertragungen zwischen den Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) auf den oder einen Failover-Kanal für die periphere Vorrichtung (2) folgendes umfasst:
    - Umschaltung auf den oder einen Failover-Kanal zu Beginn einer Autorisierungs- oder Obligationsphase, um eine Meldung/Meldungen zu senden, die diesem Failover-Kanal gemäß der aufgestellten Reihenfolge für die verschiedenen peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) zugeordnet sind und
    - anschließendes Aktivieren des Hörempfangs während einer ersten Zeitdauer, die mindestens gleich lang ist wie die Summe der Zeitdauer der Intervalle zwischen zwei zyklischen Aktivierungsperioden und einer eventuell sich wiederholenden Periode während den aufeinanderfolgenden von der Zentralvorrichtung (1) berechneten Sendephasen, bis eine von der Zentralvorrichtung (1) gesendete zeitversetzte Synchronisationsmeldung erhalten wird, wodurch ein neuer Sende- und Hörempfang-Rhythmus zwischen der peripheren Vorrichtung (2) und der Zentralvorrichtung (1) auf dem Failover-Kanal festgelegt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 und 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Umschaltung der Übertragungen zwischen den Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) auf den oder einen Failover-Kanal, nachdem während mehrerer aufeinanderfolgenden, der peripheren Vorrichtung (2) zugewiesenen Sende-Autorisierungsphasen oder Sende-Obligationsphasen wiederholt das Ausbleiben empfangener Meldungen, insbesondere Routinemeldungen, festgestellt wurde, für die Zentralvorrichtung (1) folgendes umfasst:
    - Senden einer Synchronisationsmeldung während der nächsten von der peripheren Vorrichtung (2) vorgesehenen Hörempfang-Phase auf den Failover-Kanal oder aufeinanderfolgend auf die möglichen verschiedenen Failover-Kanäle,
    - eventuell wiederholtes Senden während mehrerer aufeinanderfolgender Hörempfang-Phasen der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) auf den oder die Failover-Kanal/Kanäle bis zum Empfang einer Rückmeldung seitens der peripheren Vorrichtung (2) und
    - Senden einer oder mehrerer Meldungen in einer oder mehreren Sende-Autorisierungsphasen der Zentralvorrichtung (1) zur:
    Umschaltung der anderen peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) auf den betreffenden Failover-Kanal, gegebenenfalls in der Adressierungsreihenfolge der anderen peripheren Vorrichtungen (2), wobei die aufeinanderfolgenden Sende-/Empfangsphasen der verschiedenen Vorrichtungen auf dem Hauptkanal und auf dem Failover-Kanal zeitversetzt sind und die Adressierungsreihenfolge der peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) nach deren Umschaltung der Failover-Kanal ist, der entweder identisch mit dem maßgeblichen Kanal auf dem Hauptkanal oder unterschiedlich zu diesem ist, wobei die neue Reihenfolge in dem letzteren Fall von der Zentralvorrichtung (1) für die peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) angezeigt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) geeignet sind, Funksignale auf mindestens zwei verschiedenen Frequenzkanälen zu senden und zu empfangen und
    - die Zentralvonichtung (1) und die peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) bei jedem aufeinanderfolgenden Zeitfenster auf einen Kanal umschalten, der unterschiedlich zu dem Kanal ist, der für das direkt vorangegangene Zeitfenster benutzt wurde, und zwar in einer vorgegebenen Reihenfolge der Kanäle, die für alle Vorrichtungen (1, 2) gleich ist und für alle Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) synchron stattfindet.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) mindestens vier verschiedene Kommunikationslcanäle benutzen und
    - die Reihenfolge der Kanäle beim Starten der Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) gewählt wird.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 - 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zuordnung einer neuen peripheren Vorrichtung (2) oder die Wieder-Zuordnung einer peripheren Vorrichtung (2), deren Verbindung zu der Zentralvorrichtung (1) unterbrochen wurde, darin besteht, durch die Übertragungen von asynchronen Funkmeldungen,
    - eine Meldung an die Zentralvorrichtung (1) zu senden und somit Informationen über die neue periphere Vorrichtung (2) zu liefern, insbesondere über deren Aktivierungsfrequenz für das Senden und den Hörempfang und dann
    - eine Identifikationsadresse an die neue periphere Vorrichtung zu senden, die deren Stand in der Reihenfolge der Autorisierungsphasen für das Senden der verschiedenen peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) in Verbindung mit der Zentralvorrichtung (1), eine erste Synchronisationsmeldung und eine eventuelle Standortidentifizierung für die Sicherung der Übertragungen festlegt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    für eine mobile periphere Vorrichtung (2), die aus dem Sendebereich der Zentralvorrichtung (1) entfernt wird und die ein Signal zur Reaktivierung und/oder zur erneuten Verbindung erhält oder die Gegenstand einer Anfrage dieser An ist, folgende Schritte gelten:
    - kontinuierliches Senden eines Signal-Datagramms während einer Zeitdauer, die länger als die Summe der Zeitdauer einer Aktivierungsperiode der Vorrichtungen (1 und 2) und eines Intervalls ist, das zwischen zwei dieser Perioden liegt, wobei das Signal-Datagrainm die der Vorrichtung (2) zugeteilte Identifikationsadresse oder Identifizierung enthält, sodann
    - Aktivierung des Hörempfangs, um eine Antwort von der Zentralvonichtung (1) in Form einer Anfangs-Synchronisationsmeldung zusammen mit einer Authentisierungsanfrage zu erhalten und Wiederholung der zwei vorbenannten Schritte für die möglichen verschiedenen Übertragungskanäle, wobei mit dem vor der Verbindungsunterbrechung zur Zentralvorrichtung (1) zuletzt benutzten Kanal der peripheren Vorrichtung (2) begonnen wird, bis eine Antwort seitens der Zentralvorrichtung (1) erhalten wird oder die Anzahl der vorgegebenen maximalen Versuche erreicht wird und somit der Stand-by-Modus aktiviert oder die periphere Vorrichtung (2) nachfolgenden deaktiviert wird, da keine Verbindung zur Zentralvorrichtung hergestellt werden konnte.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 14,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - dieses durch ein Überwachungs- und Alarmsystem umgesetzt wird und die Zentralvorrichtung (1) eine Mikroprozessor-Alarmzentrale für die Ausführung der Betriebs- und Steuerprogramme des Systems umfasst und mit einer externen Kommunikationsschnittstelle ausgestattet ist und
    - die peripheren Vorrichtungen (2) einen oder mehrere Sensor(en), Kontrollorgan(e), Organ(e) zur Bild- und/oder Tonaufnahme, Sirene(n), Warnmelder, Aktuator(en), Detektor(en) und/oder Kommunikationsvorrichtungen zu einem Netzwerk umfassen.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    jede periphere Vorrichtung (2) zwei verschiedene Folgefrequenzen der jeweiligen zyklischen Aktivierungsperiode und der Funkkommunikation mit der Zentralvorrichtung (1) besitzt, und zwar eine schwache und eine hohe Frequenz, wobei die periphere Vorrichtung (2) normalerweise mit dem schwachen Folgefrequenz-Rhythmus arbeitet und die periphere Vorrichtung (2) auf einen hohen Folgefrequenz-Rhythmus bei einer Anfrage an die Vorrichtung (2) oder Aktivierung der Vorrichtung (2) umschaltet oder wenn in antizipierter Weise eine nächste Aktion erfolgt oder bestimmt wird, die eine Anfrage wahrscheinlich oder die Kommunikationsverbindung mit der Zentralvorrichtung (1) nötig macht.
  17. Überwachungs- oder Alarmsystem, das eine Zentrale und Vorrichtungen umfasst, die aus unabhängigen Vorrichtungen mit autonomen Stromversorgungen bestehen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Kommunikationsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 umgesetzt wird.
EP03360058A 2002-05-07 2003-05-06 Verfahren zur Funkkommunikation unter mehreren Vorrichtungen und Überwachungssystem zur Durchfürung dieses Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP1363260B1 (de)

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FR0205747A FR2839593B1 (fr) 2002-05-07 2002-05-07 Procede de communication radiofrequence entre plusieurs dispositifs et systeme de surveillance mettant en oeuvre un tel procede
FR0205747 2002-05-07

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FR2839593B1 (fr) 2006-06-23
ATE422265T1 (de) 2009-02-15

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