EP1362015B2 - Farbkonstante niedrig-e beschichtete gegenstände und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents

Farbkonstante niedrig-e beschichtete gegenstände und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDF

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EP1362015B2
EP1362015B2 EP02718909.1A EP02718909A EP1362015B2 EP 1362015 B2 EP1362015 B2 EP 1362015B2 EP 02718909 A EP02718909 A EP 02718909A EP 1362015 B2 EP1362015 B2 EP 1362015B2
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Prior art keywords
coated article
heat treatment
layer
glass
thickness
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French (fr)
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EP1362015B1 (de
EP1362015A1 (de
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Grzegorz Stachowiak
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Guardian Industries Corp
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Guardian Industries Corp
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Priority claimed from US09/778,949 external-priority patent/US6495263B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/793,404 external-priority patent/US6475626B1/en
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Priority to DE60223497.2T priority Critical patent/DE60223497T3/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3652—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
    • C03C2217/78—Coatings specially designed to be durable, e.g. scratch-resistant

Definitions

  • This invention relates to low-E coated articles that have approximately the same color characteristics as viewed by the naked eye both before and after heat treatment (e.g., thermal tempering), and corresponding methods.
  • Such coated articles may be used in insulating glass (IG) units, windshields, and other suitable applications.
  • IG insulating glass
  • Low-emissivity (low-E) coating systems are also known in the art.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,376,455 discloses:
  • IG insulating glass
  • low-E low emissivity
  • solar control coating of the '585 patent is placed on the #2 surface of the IG unit while the low-E coating of the '455 patent is placed on the #3 surface of the IG unit.
  • the need for these two separate and distinct coatings in an IG unit is undesirable, for cost, processing and/or performance reasons.
  • U. S. Patent Nos. 6,014,872 and 5,800,933 disclose a heat treatable low-E layer system including: glass TiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 /NiCr/Ag/NiCr/Si 3 N 4 .
  • this low-E layer system is not approximately matchable colorwise with its non-heat treated counterpart (as viewed from the glass side).
  • this low-E layer system has a ⁇ E* (glass side) value of greater than 4.1 (i.e., for Example B, ⁇ a* G is 1.49, ⁇ b* G is 3.81, and ⁇ L* (glass side) is not measured; using Equation (1) below then ⁇ E* on the glass side must necessarily be greater than 4.1 and is probably much higher than that).
  • An object of this invention is to provide a low-E coating or layer system that has good color stability with heat treatment.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a low-E matchable coating or layering system.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a coating or layer system that has improved IR reflectance characteristics relative to those of the coating systems described in U.S. Patent No. 5,688,585 .
  • Another object of certain embodiments of this invention is to provide improved solar control characteristics (e.g., low shading coefficient and/or visible transmittance) relative to those of the '455 patent.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a coating or layer system that when heat treated is substantially matchable to its non-heat treated counterpart.
  • Another object of this invention is to fulfill one or more of the above-listed objects.
  • the layer systems of the invention may be utilized, for example, in the context of IG units, vehicle windows and windshields, or the like.
  • one or more of the above-listed objects or needs is/are fulfilled by providing a coated article as set out in claim 1.
  • the coated article has a hemispherical emissivity (E h ) of no greater than 0.25 before heat treatment, a sheet resistance R s no greater than 20 ohms/square before heat treatment, and a ⁇ E* value (glass side, reflectance) no greater than 2.5 after or due to heat treatment.
  • E h hemispherical emissivity
  • insulating glass (IG) window unit fulfill one or more of the above-listed needs or objects by providing a an insulating glass (IG) window unit according to claim 16.
  • Certain embodiments of this invention provide a coating or layer system that may be used in applications such as IG units, vehicle windows, vehicle windshields, and other suitable applications. Certain embodiments of this invention provide a layer system that has excellent color stability (i.e., a low value of ⁇ E* and/or a low value of ⁇ a*; where ⁇ is indicative of change in view of heat treatment) with heat treatment being thermal tempering both monolithically and in the context of dual pane environments such as IG units or windshields. Such heat treatments necessitates heating the coated substrate to temperatures above 1100°F (593°C) and up to 1450°F (788°C) [more preferably from about 1100 to 1200 degrees F] for a sufficient period of time to insure the tempering.
  • Certain embodiments of this invention combine both (i) color stability with heat treatment, and (ii) the use of a silver layer for selective IR reflection. Certain embodiments of this invention combine (i) and (ii), along with (iii) color in the blue-green quadrant (i.e., third quadrant) of the color spectrum when applied to a clear and/or green glass substrate. Certain embodiments of this invention combine (i), (ii) and (iii), along with (iv) low-emissivity characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a side cross sectional view of a coated article according to an embodiment of this invention.
  • the coated article includes substrate 1 (e.g., clear, green, bronze, grey, blue, or blue-green glass substrate from about 1.0 to 12.0 mm thick), first dielectric layer 3 of nitride (e.g., Si 3 N 4 ), nickel (Ni) or nickel-chrome (NiCr) inclusive layer 5, IR reflecting silver (Ag) inclusive layer 7, nickel (Ni) or nickel-chrome (NiCr) inclusive layer 9, and second dielectric layer 11 silicon nitride (e.g., Si 3 N 4 ).
  • substrate 1 e.g., clear, green, bronze, grey, blue, or blue-green glass substrate from about 1.0 to 12.0 mm thick
  • first dielectric layer 3 of nitride e.g., Si 3 N 4
  • IR reflecting silver (Ag) inclusive layer 7 nickel (
  • the layer system is “on” or “supported by” substrate 1 (directly or indirectly), other layer(s) may be provided therebetween.
  • the layer system of Fig. 1 may be considered “on” the substrate 1 even though other layer(s) are provided therebetween.
  • IR reflecting Ag layer 7 is Ag metal, although it is possible that some small amount of oxidation could occur with respect thereto.
  • layers 5, 7 and 9 are no more than about 25% oxidized, more preferably no more than about 10% oxidized, and most preferably no more than 1% oxidized.
  • layers 5 and/or 9 are of non-nitrided and nonoxidized nickel or nickel alloy (e.g., nichrome of, by weight percent, 80/20 nickel/chrome).
  • An exemplary apparatus which may be used to form the layer coating systems of this invention is a conventional sputter coating system, such as the multichamber G-49 large area flat glass sputter coater produced by Airco, Inc.
  • a target including Si employed to form these layers may be admixed with up to 6-20% by weight aluminum or stainless steel (e.g. SS#316), with about this amount then appearing in the layers so formed.
  • layers 5 and 9 may be metallic nickel, a nichrome preferably consisting essentially of, by weight about 80-90% Ni and 10-20% Cr, may be employed in certain preferred embodiments.
  • layers 5 and 9 includes not only SS-316 which consists essentially of 10% Ni and 90% other ingredients, mainly Fe and Cr, but Haynes 214 alloy as well, which by weight consists essentially of (as a nominal composition): Element Weight % Ni 75.45 Fe 4.00 Cr 16.00 C .04 Al 4.50 Y .01
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the coating or layer system 22 of Fig. 1 being utilized on surface #2 of an IG window unit.
  • the IG unit includes outside glass pane or sheet 21 and inside glass pane or sheet 23. These two glass substrates (e.g. float glass 2 mm to 12 mm thick) are sealed at their peripheral edges by a conventional sealant 25 and are provided with a conventional desiccant strip 27. The panes are then retained in a conventional window or door retaining frame (shown in partial schematic form).
  • insulating space 30 may be at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure in certain alternative embodiments, although this of course is not necessary in all embodiments.
  • Either inner wall 24 or 26 (or both) may be provided with a layer system (see Fig. 1 ) of this invention. In this illustrated embodiment of Fig. 2 , inner wall 24 (i.e., surface #2) of outside glass sheet 21 has been provided with a sputter-coated layer system of Fig. 1 thereon.
  • thicknesses and materials for the respective layers on the glass substrate 1 are as follows: Table 1 (Thicknesses) Layer Range ( ⁇ ) Preferred ( ⁇ ) Si 3 N 4 (layer 3) 300-380 ⁇ 3210-360 ⁇ NiCr (layer 5) 20-150 ⁇ 20-90 ⁇ Ag (layer 7) 40-120 ⁇ 60-80 ⁇ NiCr (layer 9) 20-150 ⁇ 20-90 ⁇ Si 3 N 4 (layer 11) 400-500 ⁇ 420-480 ⁇
  • the upper Ni or NiCr layer 9 has been substantially thickened relative to embodiments of the aforesaid '455 patent. Moreover, dielectric layer(s) 3 and/or 11 has/have been thinned relative to the '455 patent. Surprisingly, it is believed that one or more of these changes results in the matchability or lower ⁇ E* values (to be described below) associated with certain embodiments of this invention (i.e., improved stability with heat treatment). One or both of these changes may also be associated with improved durability experienced by certain embodiments of this invention.
  • the stability with heat treatment results in substantial matchability between heat treated and non-heat treated versions of the coating or layer system.
  • two glass substrates having the same coating system thereon appear to the naked human eye to look substantially the same when viewed from the glass side of the product (i.e. looking through at least one substrate of glass before viewing the coating).
  • matchability may even be improved in IG and/or laminate applications.
  • matchability is achieved monolithically.
  • other embodiments only achieve matchability when used in a dual or multi-glass substrate structure such as an IG unit.
  • the matchability improvement in an IG unit occurs due to moderating effect of the inside glass pane 26 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • Light reflected from the inside pane 26 approximately adds up to the light reflected from the outside pane 21. Consequently, perceived IGU color in reflection is some weighted average of colors reflected from the individual panes 21 and 26.
  • the impact of each pane on the resulting color will stay in some proportion to the percentage of light reflected from each pane and reaching viewers eye. Considering the outside observer, the light reflected from the outside pane 21 will reach viewers eye without obstruction.
  • the light reflected from the inside pane 26 will have to go through the front pane twice (once before being reflected from the inside pane and once after) before reaching the same viewer's eye.
  • the amount of light reflected from the inside pane will be reduced by a factor equal to the squared transmittance of the outside pane.
  • moderating effect of the inside pane will be diminishing quickly with decreasing visible transmittance of the front pane 21.
  • the diminishing effect will be even greater due to the fact that, typically, the reflectance of the coated pane 21 will be increasing as the transmittance decreases, thus further increasing the percentage of the light reflected from the front pane in the light reflected from the IG unit.
  • WO 01/40131 in the annealed state had visible transmittance about 70 % and the glass side reflectance about 10%.
  • the transmittance was increasing to about 75% while glass side reflectance was decreasing to about 8% for the heat treated product.
  • the light reflected from the inside pane 26 amounts to 36% of the total outside reflectance from the heat treated IG unit. That means, that the IG unit ⁇ E* IGU will be reduced by about 36% as compared to the monolithic ⁇ E* mono .
  • the light from the inside pane 26 will be only about 9 % of the total IG unit reflectance and the expected moderating effect on ⁇ E* will be about 9 %.
  • the matchability must be practically achieved for the coated front pane 21 in the monolithic state.
  • the ⁇ E of the monolithic (individual) substrate may be substantially higher than 2.5 and matchability still be achieved in the dual or multipane articles of this invention.
  • the ⁇ E of the monolithic (individual) substrate may not be substantially higher than 2.5, preferably lower than 2.5, in order to achieve matchability in the dual or multipane articles of this invention.
  • ⁇ E* values are reduced by 0.5-0.8 points for the higher transmittance samples (#1 and #3), and by 0.2 - 0.3 points for the lower transmittance samples (#2 and #4).
  • ⁇ E* and ⁇ a* are important in determining whether or not there is matchability, or substantial matchability, in the context of this invention. Color herein is described by reference to the conventional a*, b* values, which in certain embodiments of this invention are both negative in order to provide color in the desired substantially neutral color range tending to the blue-green quadrant.
  • ⁇ a* is simply indicative of how much color value a* changes due to heat treatment.
  • ⁇ E* (and ⁇ E) is well understood in the art and is reported, along with various techniques for determining it, in ASTM 2244-93 as well as being reported in Hunter et. al., The Measurement of Appearance, 2nd Ed. Cptr. 9, page 162 et seq. [John Wiley & Sons, 1987 ].
  • ⁇ E* (and ⁇ E) is a way of adequately expressing the change (or lack thereof) in reflectance and/or transmittance (and thus color appearance, as well) in an article after or due to heat treatment.
  • ⁇ E may be calculated by the "ab” technique, or by the Hunter technique (designated by employing a subscript "H").
  • ⁇ E corresponds to the Hunter Lab L, a, b scale (or L h , a h , b h ).
  • ⁇ E* corresponds to the CIE LAB Scale L*, a*, b*. Both are deemed useful, and equivalent for the purposes of this invention.
  • CIE LAB 1976 the rectangular coordinate/scale technique known as the L*, a*, b* scale may be used, wherein:
  • layer systems herein provided on clear monolithic glass substrates have color as follows before heat treatment, as viewed from the glass side of the coated article (R G %): Table 2: Color (R G ) Before Heat Treatment General Preferred a* 0.0 to -5.0 0.0 to -3.0 b* -1.0 to -10.0 -3.0 to - 9.0
  • coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention have a ⁇ E* value (glass side) of no greater than 2.5, and even more preferably no greater than 2.0; and have a ⁇ a* value (glass side) of no greater than about 1.0, more preferably no greater than 0.8. When one or both of these are achieved, matchability may result. It is noted that b* values are not deemed as important as a* values, because a* changes are believed to be more noticeable to the naked human eye than are b* changes in certain instances.
  • Example coated articles each annealed and heat treated were made in accordance with certain embodiments of this invention.
  • the layer system was: glass/Si 3 N 4 /NiCr/Ag/NiCr/Si 3 N 4 (e.g., see Fig. 1 ).
  • the substrate was of substantially clear 5.6-6.0 mm thick soda-lime-silica glass.
  • the coater/process setups for the four Examples were as follows.
  • Examples 1-2 they were made using a G-49 large area flat glass sputter coater produced by Airco, Inc., using line speed of 170 IPM, with coat zones 3-5 being used; where "*" means Al content of approximately 10% and gas (e.g., Ar, N 2 ) flow was measured in seem units. All targets for Examples 1-2 were C-Mag targets, except that the targets used for depositing the Ag and NiCr layers (target #s 19-21) were planar. Moreover, in Examples 1-2 the first silicon nitride layer was deposited in coat zone 3 using AC power, the NiCr and Ag layers were deposited in coat zone 4 using DC power, and the overcoat silicon nitride layer was deposited in coat zone 5 using AC power.
  • gas e.g., Ar, N 2
  • Examples 3-4 were made using a Leybold TG-1 sputter coater using line speed of 4 m/min.; where "*" again means aluminum (Al) target content of approximately 10% and gas (e.g., Ar, N 2 ) flow was measured in sccm units.
  • Target #s 34, 42, 55 and 61 were 2 x C-Mag targets, target #s 44, 51 and 53 were planar targets, and target # 65 was a Twin-Mag target. Pressure was measured in mTorr.
  • the coater was set up and ran as follows during the sputtering of Examples 3-4: Table 5: Coater Setup/Processes for Examples 3-4 EXAMPLE #3 Cathode Target Power (kW) Voltage (V) Pressure Ar flow N 2 flow Freq. (kHz) #34 Si/Al* 64.5 395 3.6 203 452 28.1 #4.2 Si/Al* 64.5 341 3.1 200 452 28.7 #44 NiCr 12.5 385 2.5 220 0 DC #51 Ag 4.55 466 2.3 315 0.
  • Examples 1-4 After being sputtered onto a glass substrate as set forth above, Examples 1-4 were tested and were found to have the following characteristics monolithically (not in a IG unit), where the heat treatment was thermally tempering the monolithic product in a conventional tempering furnace at approximately 685°C (1265°F) for three minute cycles and quenching to room temperature (note: a* and b* color coordinate values are in accordance with CIE LAB 1976, Ill.
  • each of Examples 1-4 had good matchability because, as viewed from the glass (G) side of the respective articles, ⁇ E* was no greater than 2.5, and preferably no greater than 2.0; while ⁇ a* G (the absolute value thereof, as used herein) was no greater than 1.0, and preferably no greater than 0.8.
  • ⁇ E* and ⁇ a* are important as measured from the glass (G) side of the coated article, as opposed to the film (F) side because viewers in most applications predominantly view the products from the glass sides thereof.
  • Each of the above-listed monolithic examples also had low-emissivity characteristics as shown by each of the above-listed Examples having a hemispherical emissivity (E h ) no greater than 0.25, and more preferably no greater than 0.20, before and/or after heat treatment (HT).
  • E h hemispherical emissivity
  • HT heat treatment
  • Thicker Ag layers may also be used, which would provide lower emissivity and/or sheet resistance than those reported in accordance with certain embodiments of this invention. Compare these low emissivity values to the hemispherical emissivity values of 0.48 to 0.73 in U.S. Patent No. 5,688,585 .
  • Each of the aforesaid Examples 1-4 was also characterized by low sheet resistance values of R s no greater than 20 ohms/square, more preferably no greater than 15 ohms/square, and even more preferably no greater than about 12 ohms/square (before and/or after HT). Again, compare these low sheet resistance (R s ) values to the sheet resistance values of 89-269 ohms/square in U. S. Patent No. 5,688,585 . Accordingly, it can be seen that Examples 1-4 herein truly have low-E characteristics while at the same time surprisingly being able to achieve substantial matchability before versus after heat treatment.
  • Monolithic coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a visible transmittance (TY%) of no greater than about 60%, more preferably from about 40-60% before HT, and most preferably from about 48-58% before HT.
  • Monolithic coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a visible transmittance (TY%) of from about 10-65% after HT, more preferably from about 40-60% after HT.
  • coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a shading coefficient (SC) of no greater than about 0.65 (before and/or after HT), more preferably from about 0.40 to 0.60 (before and/or after HT).
  • monolithic coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a glass side reflectance value (R G Y%) of at least 11%, and more preferably from 12-20% before HT and from about 11-19% after HT.
  • monolithic coated articles are characterized by an a* G value of from about 0.0 to -5.0, more preferably from about 0.0 to -2.5, before and/or after heat treatment. This enables coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention to have a desirable neutral or blue-green color, especially when b* G is also negative.
  • Examples 1-4 may ultimately be utilized in the context of an IG unit, a windshield, window or the like.
  • IG unit as shown in Fig. 2 (e.g., where the insulating chamber or space between the two glass sheets may be filled with a gas such as Ar), with measurements from these IG uses set forth below in Tables 7 and 8: Table 7: Characteristics of Examples 1-4 (IG or IGU) (IG Unit as shown at the Fig.
  • Examples 1-4 it can be seen from the Tables above that ⁇ E* improved when used in the context of an IG unit (e.g., see Fig. 2 ).
  • the ⁇ E* improvement i.e., ⁇ E* improvement may be characterized by ⁇ E* mono - ⁇ E* IG
  • the ⁇ E* improvements i.e., ⁇ E* mono - ⁇ E* IG
  • Examples 1-4 were 0.57, 0.21, 0.85, and 0.19, respectively.
  • each of the coatings of Examples 1-4 had good matchability because, as viewed from the outside of the respective articles (e.g., outside of a structure such as a building in which the IG unit is installed), ⁇ E* was no greater than 3.0, more preferably no greater than 2.5, and even more preferably no greater than 2.0, and most preferably no greater than about 1.5 (e.g., for Example 1, ⁇ E* (outside reflectance) in an IG unit was measured at 1.34, for Example 2 it was 0.54, for Example 3 it was 0.70, and for Example 4 it was 1.18); while ⁇ a* outside (the absolute value thereof, as used herein) was no greater than 1.0, and preferably no greater than 0.8.
  • ⁇ E* and ⁇ a* are important as measured from the outside/exterior/glass (G) side of the coated article (outside of the Fig. 2 structure), because viewers in most applications predominantly view the products from e.g., outside of the building in which the IG unit is installed.
  • IG units according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a visible transmittance (TY%) of no greater than about 60%, more preferably from about 30-60% before HT, and most preferably from about 35-55% before HT.
  • IG coated articles according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a visible transmittance (TY%) of from about 10-55% after HT, more preferably from about 35-55% after HT.
  • coated articles according to IG embodiments of this invention preferably have a shading coefficient (SC) of no greater than about 0.50 (before and/or after HT), more preferably from about 0.25 to 0.47 (before and/or after HT).
  • SC shading coefficient
  • IG coated articles (e.g., Fig. 2 ) according to certain embodiments of this invention preferably have a glass side reflectance value (R G Y %) of from about 10-22% before HT and/or after HT.
  • IG embodiments are characterized by an a* G (equivalent to a* out ) value of from about 0.0 to -5.0, more preferably from about 0.0 to -3.0, before and/or after heat treatment.
  • a* G equivalent to a* out
  • the ratio of visible transmission (TY%) to shading coefficient (SC) is preferably no greater than 125.0, more preferably from about 90 to 125, and most preferably from about 100 to 120. In certain IG embodiments, this is combined with a total solar transmittance of from about 20-34%, more preferably from about 24-33%.
  • Color characteristics are measured and reported herein using the CIE LAB a*, b* coordinates and scale (i.e. the CIE a*b* diagram, Ill. CIE-C, 2 degree observer). Other similar coordinates may be equivalently used such as by the subscript "h” to signify the conventional use of the Hunter Lab Scale, or Ill. CIE-C, 10° observer, or the CIE LUV u*v* coordinates.
  • These scales are defined herein according to ASTM D-2244-93 " Standard Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences From Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates" 9/15/93 as augmented by ASTM E-308-85, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 06.01 "Standard Method for Computing the Colors of Objects by 10 Using the CIE System” and/or as reported in IES LIGHTING HANDBOOK 1981 Reference Volume.
  • transmittance and “transmittance” are well understood in the art and are used herein according to their well known meaning.
  • the term “transmittance” herein means solar transmittance, which is made up of visible light transmittance (TY), infrared radiation transmittance, and ultraviolet radiation transmittance.
  • TY visible light transmittance
  • TS Total solar energy transmittance
  • visible transmittance is characterized by the standard CIE Illuminant C, 2 degree observer, technique at 380 - 720 nm; near-infrared is 720 - 2500 nm; ultraviolet is 300 - 800 nm; and total solar is 300 - 2500 nm.
  • a particular infrared range i.e. 2,500 - 40,000 nm is employed.
  • Visible transmittance can be measured using known, conventional techniques. For example, by using a spectrophotometer, such as a Perkin Elmer Lambda 900 or Hitachi U4001, a spectral curve of transmission is obtained. Visible transmission is then calculated using the aforesaid ASTM 308/2244-93 methodology. A lesser number of wavelength points may be employed than prescribed, if desired.
  • Another technique for measuring visible transmittance is to employ a spectrometer such as a commercially available Spectrogard spectrophotometer manufactured by Pacific Scientific Corporation. This device measures and reports visible transmittance directly. As reported and measured herein, visible transmittance (i.e. the Y value in the CIE tristimulus system, ASTM E-308-85) uses the Ill. C.,2 degree observer.
  • emittance values become quite important in the so-called “mid-range”, sometimes also called the “far range” of the infrared spectrum, i.e. about 2,500 - 40,000 nm., for example, as specified by the WINDOW 4.1 program, LBL-35298 (1994) by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, as referenced below.
  • the term "emittance” as used herein, is thus used to refer to emittance values measured in this infrared range as specified by ASTM Standard E 1585-93 for measuring infrared energy to calculate emittance, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measuring and Calculating Emittance of Architectural Flat Glass Products Using Radiometric Measurements". This Standard, and its provisions, are incorporated herein by reference. In this Standard, emittance is reported as hemispherical emittance (E h ) and normal emittance (E n ).
  • Sheet resistance is a well known term in the art and is used herein in accordance with its well known meaning. It is here reported in ohms per square units. Generally speaking, this term refers to the resistance in ohms for any square of a layer system on a glass substrate to an electric current passed through the layer system. Sheet resistance is an indication of how well the layer or layer system is reflecting infrared energy, and is thus often used along with emittance as a measure of this characteristic. "Sheet resistance” may for example be conveniently measured by using a 4-point probe ohmmeter, such as a dispensable 4-point resistivity probe with a Magnetron Instruments Corp. head, Model M-800 produced by Signatone Corp. of Santa Clara, California.
  • Chemical durability or “chemically durable” is used herein synonymously with the term of art “chemically resistant” or “chemical stability”. Chemical durability is determined by boiling a 2" x 5" sample of a coated glass substrate in about 500 cc of 5% HCl for one hour (i.e. at about 220°F). The sample is deemed to pass this test (and thus the layer system is “chemically resistant” or is deemed to be “chemically durable” or to have “chemical durability”) if the sample's layer system shows no visible discoloration or visible peeling, and no pinholes greater than about 0.003" in diameter after this one hour boil.
  • heat treatment and "heat treating” as used herein mean heating the article to a temperature sufficient to enabling thermal tempering of the glass inclusive article. This definition includes, for example, heating a coated article to a temperature of at least about 1100 degrees F (e.g., to a temperature of from about 593 degrees C to 900 degrees C) for a sufficient period to enable tempering.
  • U-value or "U-Factor” (synonymous with “thermal transmittance”) is a term well understood in the art and is used herein according to this well known meaning. "U-value” herein is reported in terms of BTU/hr/ft 2 /degrees F, and may be determined according to the guarded hot box method as reported in, and according to ASTM designation: C1199-91.
  • shading coefficient is a term well understood in the art and is used herein according to its well known meaning. It is determined according to ASHRAE Standard 142 " Standard Method for Determining and Expressing the Heat Transfer and Total Optical Properties of Fenestration Products" by ASHRAE Standards Project Committee, SPC 142, September 1995 .

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Claims (19)

  1. Ein beschichteter Gegenstand umfassend ein Schichtsystem, das von einem Glassubstrat (1) getragen ist, wobei das Schichtsystem von dem Glassubstrat nach außen umfasst:
    a) eine erste dielektrische Schicht (3), umfassend Siliziumnitrid mit einer Dicke von 300 - 380 Å;
    b) eine erste Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (5) mit einer Dicke von 20 -150 Å;
    c) eine Infrarot (IR) reflektierende Schicht umfassend Silber (7) mit einer Dicke von 40 - 120 Å;
    d) eine zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9);
    e) und eine zweite dielektrische Schicht umfassend Siliziumnitrid (11) mit einer Dicke von 400 - 500 Å, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    f) das beschichtete Glassubstrat einen ΔE* Wert (glasseitig) von nicht größer als 2,5 nach oder aufgrund einer Wärmebehandlung hat; und
    g) die zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9) eine Dicke von 20 - 150 Å hat,
    wobei die Wärmebehandlung ein Erhitzen des beschichteten Gegenstands auf eine Temperatur von über 593°C und für eine ausreichende Zeitperiode bedeutet, um ein thermisches Vorspannen des beschichteten Gegenstands zu ermöglichen.
  2. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schichtsystem, welches von dem Glassubstrat getragen ist, einen Δ E* Wert (glasseitig) von nicht mehr als 2,0 nach oder aufgrund von thermischen Tempern hat und wobei der beschichtete Gegenstand eine Farbe hat, die durch a*G und b*G Farbkoordinatenwerte des beschichteten Gegenstandes gekennzeichnet ist, die beide negativ vor und nach der Wärmebehandlung des beschichteten Gegenstandes sind.
  3. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das beschichtete Glassubstrat einen Dazu Wert (glasseitig, absoluter Wert) von nicht mehr als 1,0 nach oder aufgrund einer Wärmebehandlung hat.
  4. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das beschichtete Glassubstrat einen Δa*G Wert (glasseitig, absoluter Wert) von nicht mehr als 0,8 nach oder aufgrund einer Wärmebehandlung hat.
  5. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand eine hemisphärische Emissivität (Eh) von nicht mehr als 0,25 sowohl vor als auch nach der Wärmebehandlung hat.
  6. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1-4, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand eine hemisphärische Emissivität (Eh) von nicht mehr als 0,20 sowohl vor als auch nach einer Wärmebehandlung hat.
  7. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand einen Flächenwiderstandwert Rs von nicht mehr als 20 ohms per square (Ω/□) vor der Wärmebehandlung hat.
  8. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1-6, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand einen Flächenwiderstandswert Rs von nicht mehr als 15 Ω/□ sowohl vor als auch nach der Wärmebehandlung hat.
  9. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1-6, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand einen Flächenwiderstandswert Rs von nicht mehr als 12 Ω/□ sowohl vor als auch nach der Wärmebehandlung hat.
  10. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schichtsystem die aufgeführten Schichten mit den folgenden Dicken umfasst: erste Siliziumnitrid umfassende Schicht (3): 320-360 Å; erste Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (5): 20-90 Å; Silberschicht (7): 60-80 Å; zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9): 20-90 Å; zweite Siliziumnitrid umfassende Schicht (11): 420-480 Å.
  11. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand einen Teil einer Isolierglas (IG) Fenstereinheit bildet.
  12. Der beschichtete Gegenstand der Ansprüche 1-4, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Gegenstand eine hemisphärische Emissivität (Eh) von nicht mehr als 0,25 vor der Wärmebehandlung hat und einen Flächenwiderstand Rs von nicht mehr als 20 Ω/□ vor der Wärmebehandlung hat.
  13. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beschichteten Gegenstandes, umfassend die Ablagerungsschritte auf einem Glassubstrat (1) von dem Glassubstrat nach außen:
    a) eine erste dielektrische Schicht (3) umfassend Siliziumnitrid mit einer Dicke von 300-380 Å;
    b) eine erste Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (5) mit einer Dicke von 20-150 Å;
    c) eine Infrarot (IR) reflektierende Schicht umfassend Silber (7) mit einer Dicke von 40 - 120 Å.
    d) eine zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9);
    e) und eine zweite dielektrische Schicht umfassend Siliziumnitrid (11) mit einer Dicke von 400 - 500 Å,
    f) wobei vor der Wärmebehandlung das Glassubstrat mit dem Schichtsystem darauf einen Flächenwiderstand Rs von nicht mehr als 20 Ω/□) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    g) das beschichtete Glassubstrat einen ΔE* Wert (glasseitig) von nicht mehr als 2,5 nach oder aufgrund einer Wärmebehandlung hat; und
    h) die zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9) eine Dicke von 20-150 Å hat,
    wobei die Wärmebehandlung ein Erhitzen des beschichteten Gegenstands auf eine Temperatur von über 593°C und für eine ausreichende Zeitperiode bedeutet, um ein thermisches Vorspannen des beschichteten Gegenstands zu ermöglichen.
  14. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmebehandlung das thermische Tempern des Substrats mit dem darauf angeordneten Schichtsystem umfasst.
  15. Das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablagern Sputtering umfasst.
  16. Eine Isolierglas (IG) Fenstereinheit umfassend erste (1, 21) und zweite (23) Glassubstrate, die in der Nähe ihrer jeweiligen umlaufenden Kanten abgedichtet sind um einen Isolierraum (30) dazwischen zu bilden, wobei ein Schichtsystem von einem der Glassubstrate getragen wird, um eine monolithische Einheit nahe dem Isolierraum zu bilden und wobei das Schichtsystem der monolithischen Einheit von dem Glassubstrat nach außen umfasst:
    a) eine erste dielektrische Schicht (3) umfassend Siliziumnitrid mit einer Dicke von 300 - 380 Å;
    b) eine erste Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (5) mit einer Dicke von 20 - 150 Å;
    c) eine Infrarot (IR) reflektierende Schicht umfassend Silber (7) mit einer Dicke von 40-120 Å;
    d) eine zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9);
    e) und eine zweite dielektrische Schicht umfassend Siliziumnitrid (11) mit einer Dicke von 400-500 Å, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    f) die monolithische Einheit einen ΔE* Wert (Außen oder an der Außenseite) von nicht mehr als 2,5 nach oder aufgund einer Wärmebehandlung hat; und
    g) die zweite Ni oder NiCr umfassende Schicht (9) eine Dicke von 20-150 Å hat,
    wobei die Wärmebehandlung ein Erhitzen des beschichteten Gegenstands auf eine Temperatur von über 593°C und für eine ausreichende Zeitperiode bedeutet, um ein thermisches Vorspannen des beschichteten Glassubstrats zu ermöglichen.
  17. Die Isolierglaseinheit nach Anspruch 16, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die monolithische Einheit einen ΔE* Wert (Außen oder an der Außenseite) von nicht mehr als 2,0 nach oder aufgrund eines thermischen Temperns hat, und wobei die Isolierglaseinheit eine Farbe hat, die durch a*G und b*G Farbkoordinatenwerten gekennzeichnet ist, die beide negativ sind.
  18. Die Isolierglaseinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 16 oder 17, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die monolithische Einheit einen ΔE* Wert (Außen oder an der Außenseite) von nicht mehr als 1,5 nach oder aufgrund eines thermischen Temperns hat.
  19. Der beschichtete Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1, wobei das beschichtete Glassubstrat als eine Scheibe einer Isolierglasfenstereinheit verwendet wird.
EP02718909.1A 2001-02-08 2002-02-07 Farbkonstante niedrig-e beschichtete gegenstände und verfahren zu deren herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP1362015B2 (de)

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US09/778,949 US6495263B2 (en) 1999-12-06 2001-02-08 Low-E matchable coated articles and methods of making same
US09/793,404 US6475626B1 (en) 1999-12-06 2001-02-27 Low-E matchable coated articles and methods of making same
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US7462397B2 (en) 2000-07-10 2008-12-09 Guardian Industries Corp. Coated article with silicon nitride inclusive layer adjacent glass
EP1903013A1 (de) * 2001-09-13 2008-03-26 Guardian, Industries Corp. Niedrigemissive beschichtete Gegenstände hoher thermischen Farbstabilität und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
US6605358B1 (en) 2001-09-13 2003-08-12 Guardian Industries Corp. Low-E matchable coated articles, and methods
FR3030494B1 (fr) 2014-12-19 2021-09-03 Saint Gobain Vitrage de controle solaire ou bas emissif comprenant une couche de protection superieure
WO2017160324A1 (en) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Guardian Industries Corp. Grey colored heat treatable coated article having low solar factor value
CN108726892B (zh) * 2018-07-19 2024-06-11 吴江南玻华东工程玻璃有限公司 一种单银低辐射镀膜玻璃

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EP0567735A1 (de) † 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 Guardian Industries Corp. Hochwertiges, beständiges Nieder-E Glas und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
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WO2002062717A1 (en) 2002-08-15
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EP1362015A1 (de) 2003-11-19
PL205864B1 (pl) 2010-06-30
PL363377A1 (en) 2004-11-15
ATE378299T1 (de) 2007-11-15
CA2435083A1 (en) 2002-08-15
DE60223497T2 (de) 2008-10-02
DE60223497T3 (de) 2017-05-24
DE60223497D1 (de) 2007-12-27
CA2435083C (en) 2009-05-26
WO2002062717B1 (en) 2002-11-14
EP1961712A1 (de) 2008-08-27

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