EP1358467A1 - Procede de caracterisation ou de controle de l'elaboration d'un composant en couches minces par methodes optiques - Google Patents
Procede de caracterisation ou de controle de l'elaboration d'un composant en couches minces par methodes optiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1358467A1 EP1358467A1 EP02701368A EP02701368A EP1358467A1 EP 1358467 A1 EP1358467 A1 EP 1358467A1 EP 02701368 A EP02701368 A EP 02701368A EP 02701368 A EP02701368 A EP 02701368A EP 1358467 A1 EP1358467 A1 EP 1358467A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- parameters
- epsilon
- deposition
- thickness
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000168036 Populus alba Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 50
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000572 ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
- G01N21/211—Ellipsometry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for characterizing or controlling the production of a component in thin layers by optical methods.
- Such a method can also be used to characterize the development of the refractive index as a function of deposition parameters, without any deposition control having been implemented. It is therefore possible, from the adjustment of the curve giving the variations of the dielectric constant ⁇ as a function of these parameters, to find the parameters necessary for obtaining a layer of given index. This characterization thus makes it possible to minimize the number of deposition / characterization cycles necessary for obtaining a layer of given index.
- Various direct digital inversion methods have thus emerged, but have only proved suitable for relatively thick films (200-500 A). Others, based on adjustment methods (Fitting) seem more effective but have the disadvantage of requiring heavy calculations and regularization methods to stabilize the variation of the refractive index.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method for characterizing or controlling the development of a component in thin layers which is based on a principle of direct inversion, allowing access to the physical parameters of the layer (its thickness x and its dielectric constant ⁇ ) in real time from the parameters measured in real time by an optical instrument.
- the invention relates to a method for characterizing or controlling the production of a component in thin layers by optical methods in which:
- the stack is represented by the product of two Abeles matrices for each direction of polarization s (perpendicular to the plane of incidence) and p (parallel to the plane of incidence):
- the present invention also relates to the characteristics which will emerge during the following description and which should be considered in isolation or in all their technically possible combinations: - Taylor's development is limited to second order,
- the said method is applied during the deposition of the stack and the deposition conditions are acted on to control the parameters ⁇ , x of the layers to theoretical values previously fixed,
- - Pellipsometer has a rotating polarizer producing the parameters tan ⁇ , cos ⁇ ,
- the thin layer is transparent
- the thin layer is absorbent
- the measurement is multi-wavelength
- the thickness is optimized by averaging over the different wavelengths
- the value of the inversion step is dynamically adapted
- - Figure 1 shows the evolution of the molecular oxygen flow and the reconstructed refractive index as a function of the deposition time for two different wavelengths
- - Figure 2 shows the variation of the refractive index as a function of the molecular oxygen flow for two different wavelengths
- FIG. 3 shows the variation of the refractive index as a function of the thickness for two different wavelengths.
- the symbols correspond to the values reconstructed according to the present method and the lines are spectroscopic adjustments;
- FIG. 4 is a comparison of the ellipsometric intensities ls and le obtained either by measurements (symbols) or by spectroscopic adjustment (solid line). It is known that the optical response of a layer i to a polarization light excitation, respectively s and p, can be represented by two matrices called “Abel matrices” Mi, the thickness of the layer being x and its index ⁇ i complex [Abeles, F.; Annales de Physique 5 (1950) 596-640; 706-782]. The Abeles matrix then has the following form:
- the optical response of the entire multilayer stack is represented by the matrix M, which produces individual matrices representative of each layer:
- the method proposed according to the invention is based on the polynomial development of the coefficients of the Abeles transfer matrices for a deposited layer i.
- This numerical inversion method unlike previous polynomial methods, is not limited to a single layer i. It can, in fact, be used iteratively to characterize multilayer films if the Abeles M matrices of the stack of layers on which the layer i has been deposited, are known or if they could have been reconstructed according to the formula stated in 1).
- the method according to the invention can be applied very generally to any optical signal used in situ for controlling the deposition of thin layers.
- the optical signals S and S 2 can therefore come from ellipsometric or photometric measurements as long as they consist of combinations of the complex Fresnel coefficients of reflection or transmission.
- optical signals Si and S 2 measured can therefore be depending on the optical instrument used, the following parameters:
- phase modulation ellipsometry we measure in configuration II - when the modulator is oriented at 0 °, the analyzer at 45 ° and the angle between the polarizer and the modulator is fixed at 45 ° [Drévillon B.; Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Matter 27 (1993), 1]:
- a ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) and B ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 ) are polynomials of ⁇ of the following form
- V ⁇ rod dMs • Ms
- MP rod dMp • Mp
- prod A ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) dx 2 + B ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 ) dx + C ⁇ S .
- P A '( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) dx 2 + B , ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 ) dx + C'
- r S ⁇ P are the reflection coefficients of the stack before the layer being deposited and dr S ⁇ P represents the changes in the reflection properties introduced by this layer being deposited.
- C is identical to r s , p which is the reflection coefficient of the stack before the deposition of the last layer.
- ⁇ 2 is defined by equation (17), for the wavelength i.
- the method according to the invention can also advantageously be used in the case of an inconsistent reflection of a transparent and thick substrate by using equations (3).
- the method according to the invention can take the following forms:
- a ⁇ ⁇ 2 and B ⁇ ⁇ 2 can be determined from the experimental measurement for the layer being deposited.
- This dynamic adaptation procedure of the inversion step is based on the comparison of the values dS ⁇ , 2 with the respective values of the experimental noise ⁇ S e and of the uncertainty bars on the theoretical values ⁇ S l . As soon as the values of the variations dS ⁇ , 2 measured between the last point used for the inversion and the new point recorded, are greater than ⁇ .
- the method was used to calibrate the deposition of layers of silicon oxynitrides in a plasma chamber.
- the reconstructed refractive index was determined as a function of the deposition time (FIG. 1), this figure also shows the flow of molecular oxygen which was modified during deposition.
- the reconstructed refractive index was determined for two different wavelengths.
- the graphs showing the evolution of the refractive index reconstructed as a function of the deposition time have a similar general appearance.
- Example 1 The parameters determined in Example 1 were used for the deposition on a glass surface of a layer having a linear increase in its refractive index.
- This stack was to comprise, at its upper and lower ends, a layer of high and low index with a thickness of 500 A serving as a reference index.
- Figure 3 we can observe that the total reconstructed thickness of the stack after deposition is 3278 A.
- the growth rate has a profile almost identical to that sought, i.e. linear.
- the curves of FIG. 4 correspond to the ellipsometric spectra measured after said deposition in the energy range 1.5 to 5 eV by varying the energy of the photons with a step of 0.025 eV. These curves were modeled and adjusted for a spectroscopic model to verify the index profile independently of the inversion method.
- the value of ⁇ 2 obtained, which measures the quality of the fit, is 0.46. This value can be considered excellent, especially for the ellipsometric intensity which is, in this particular case, particularly sensitive to the slope of the profile. refractive index.
- the total thickness obtained by adjusting the measured spectra is with 3253 A in very good agreement with the result obtained by the method according to the invention, ie 3278 A.
- the index profile found by this adjustment (solid lines) is compared with the results of the method according to the invention. It is noted that the value measured for the highest refractive index is very close to that obtained by the present method although the thickness of the corresponding layer is slightly less. Likewise, the index measured for the layer with the lowest refractive index is slightly lower than that obtained by reconstruction. It should be noted, however, that the differences between values obtained by adjusting the measured spectra and the reconstruction profiles remain very small.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0101377 | 2001-02-01 | ||
| FR0101377A FR2820205B1 (fr) | 2001-02-01 | 2001-02-01 | Procede de caracterisation ou de controle de l'elaboration d'un composant en couches minces par methodes optiques |
| PCT/FR2002/000380 WO2002061401A1 (fr) | 2001-02-01 | 2002-01-31 | Procede de caracterisation ou de controle de l'elaboration d'un composant en couches minces par methodes optiques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1358467A1 true EP1358467A1 (fr) | 2003-11-05 |
Family
ID=8859511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02701368A Withdrawn EP1358467A1 (fr) | 2001-02-01 | 2002-01-31 | Procede de caracterisation ou de controle de l'elaboration d'un composant en couches minces par methodes optiques |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7046379B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1358467A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2820205B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002061401A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013071153A1 (fr) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Dispositifs médicaux à base numérique |
| CN108344698B (zh) * | 2018-02-24 | 2020-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 基于电磁第一性原理反演粗糙表面光学常数的椭偏方法 |
| FR3111842A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-31 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede d’elaboration et de controle de la qualite d’un empilement oxyde/metal/oxyde |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5900633A (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 1999-05-04 | On-Line Technologies, Inc | Spectrometric method for analysis of film thickness and composition on a patterned sample |
-
2001
- 2001-02-01 FR FR0101377A patent/FR2820205B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-31 WO PCT/FR2002/000380 patent/WO2002061401A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2002-01-31 EP EP02701368A patent/EP1358467A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-01-31 US US10/470,994 patent/US7046379B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO02061401A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002061401A1 (fr) | 2002-08-08 |
| US20040114131A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| FR2820205A1 (fr) | 2002-08-02 |
| US7046379B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
| FR2820205B1 (fr) | 2003-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030901 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DREVILLON, BERNARD Inventor name: HOFRICHTER, ALFRED Inventor name: KOUZNETSOV, DMITRI |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20061221 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20070703 |