EP1357539B1 - Verfahren zum Zusammenbau und zur Kontrolle einer akustischen Platte mit einem Doppelresonator und einem wabenförmigen Kern - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Zusammenbau und zur Kontrolle einer akustischen Platte mit einem Doppelresonator und einem wabenförmigen Kern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1357539B1
EP1357539B1 EP03290979A EP03290979A EP1357539B1 EP 1357539 B1 EP1357539 B1 EP 1357539B1 EP 03290979 A EP03290979 A EP 03290979A EP 03290979 A EP03290979 A EP 03290979A EP 1357539 B1 EP1357539 B1 EP 1357539B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
septum
pixels
camera
assembly
holes
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03290979A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1357539A1 (de
Inventor
Clémence J.G.M. Perrot
Jean-Fabrice M. Portal
Yann Belleguic
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Safran Nacelles SAS
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Aircelle SA
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Publication of EP1357539A1 publication Critical patent/EP1357539A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1003—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina by separating laminae between spaced secured areas [e.g., honeycomb expanding]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to acoustic panels with double resonator honeycomb core and more particularly to a method of assembly and control of such panels.
  • Acoustic panels with double resonator honeycomb core sandwich structures are well known for absorbing noise, especially on aircraft powertrains. These panels usually comprise the following successive layers in the direction of the thickness: a first skin called “acoustic” and multiperforated, that is to say comprising a plurality of holes, a first layer of honeycomb called “primary”, a septum also multiperforated, a second layer of honeycomb called “secondary” and a second skin called “full” because not having holes.
  • the honeycombs consist of a plurality of generally hexagonal cells, these cells being separated by thin partitions themselves having drainage notches to evacuate by gravity the water that would have penetrated into the acoustic panel during its operation.
  • the acoustic skin and septum holes are regularly distributed and are each characterized by their perforation rate, that is to say by the ratio between the surface of the holes and the total surface of the layer considered.
  • the acoustic skin and the solid skin are usually made of organic matrix composite material consisting of a variable number of layers of reinforcement fabric superimposed and embedded in a polymerized resin. Honeycomb layers are usually made of aluminum foil.
  • the acoustic properties of the panel that is to say its rate of absorption of noise as a function of the frequency and the noise level of the noise, depend on the dimensioning of the components of the panel and in particular on the perforation rates of the full skin and the septum.
  • the acoustic skin is usually pierced by the drill because the size of the holes allows it without difficulty.
  • the septum may be drilled with the drill, but drilling with a laser beam is preferred because of the small size of the holes and their large number.
  • the acoustic panel is then assembled by arranging the different layers previously glued on a mold to the required shape and subjecting the assembly to a thermal cycle in an autoclave to tighten the layers against each other and to polymerize the glues. Note that the full skin can be made and glued in one operation on the panel.
  • the critical phase of the assembly process is the assembly by gluing the septum to the two layers of honeycomb.
  • a fraction of the septum holes is closed normally by the glue and it is taken into account to define the rate of perforation of the bare septum, that is to say before its assembly. This fraction easily reaches 50%. Too small or too large a fraction substantially changes the acoustic properties of the panel and renders it unsuitable for use.
  • This fraction is minimal when the cells of each of the honeycomb layers are in phase, that is to say facing each other, because the adhesives used to assemble each of the honeycomb to the septum substantially close the same septum holes.
  • This fraction becomes maximum when the cells of each of the honeycombs are in phase opposition, ie shifted to the maximum.
  • the geometry of the honeycombs is unfortunately imprecise and the phenomenon which has just been described is consequently difficult to control. This fraction also depends on the amount of glue used, but the bonding itself is well controllable.
  • the septum holes are usually very small, a diameter of about 0.3mm with about 50 holes per square centimeter. Such a septum is pierced before assembly with the drill but preferably by laser beam. The number and smallness of the holes make the drilling delicate. Thus, and although the piercing process is fairly well controlled, defects may occur.
  • the inventors do not know satisfactory means for measuring in production the characteristics of a finished panel. Indeed.
  • a measurement made with the above-mentioned raylometer is tainted with very important errors caused by lateral leakage through the drainage slots in the partitions and also by the inevitable misalignment of the two honeycomb layers.
  • Kundt tube Another measuring instrument known as a "Kundt tube” is also known for directly measuring an acoustic impedance.
  • Kundt tube Another measuring instrument known as a "Kundt tube” is also known for directly measuring an acoustic impedance.
  • the measurements made with a Kundt tube on the panel described above are also tainted with very large errors from honeycomb cells straddling the edge of the Kundt tube when applied against it. the panel.
  • a first problem to be solved is to propose a method of assembly and control of acoustic panels to ensure the expected acoustic characteristics.
  • a second problem to be solved is to detect as soon as possible any defects likely to alter the characteristics of the panel, so as to interrupt the assembly process and therefore not to perform unnecessary assembly operations.
  • a third problem is to provide a reliable and inexpensive assembly and control method.
  • the invention makes it possible to control the correct execution of the critical phase of the assembly process, namely the assembly of the septum with the two honeycombs.
  • the implementation of the invention makes it possible to ensure that acoustic panels are obtained as close as possible to the performances for which they have been designed, which provides a solution. to the first problem.
  • the invention makes it possible to control as soon as possible the proper execution of the critical phase of the assembly process since this control can be carried out immediately after this critical phase, which solves the second problem.
  • the control shows that the septum is defective, unnecessary assembly operations of the skins can be avoided.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an acoustic panel on which the invention is applicable.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a naked septum.
  • the figure 3 illustrates an assembled septum.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the control of a naked septum.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the control of an assembled septum.
  • the acoustic panel 10 is a laminated structure constituted by the assembly of different layers in the direction of the thickness, that is successively: an acoustic skin 20, a "primary" honeycomb 30, a septum 40, a nest of 'bee says'secondary' 50 and finally a full skin 60.
  • the acoustic skin 20 is usually made of organic matrix composite material consisting of five to fifteen layers of unrepresented reinforcing fabric, which fabrics are embedded in a cured resin by polymerization, these fabrics usually being made of glass fiber, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
  • the acoustic skin 20 is pierced with holes 22 following a regular mesh, their diameter being of the order of 1mm to 3mm, the perforation ratio, ie the ratio between the total surface of the holes 22 and the surface of the acoustic skin 20 being of the order of 15 to 25%.
  • the primary honeycomb 30 consists of adjacent cells 32 oriented in the direction of the thickness of the honeycomb 30, these cells 32 being separated by thin partitions 34, these partitions 34 having adjacent drainage notches 36 septum 40, these drainage notches 36 allowing the flow and evacuation of water that could have entered the panel 10 through the holes 22 of the acoustic skin 20.
  • the cells 32 are usually hexagonal with a diameter inscribed, or width, usually between 3mm and 10mm, 1/8 th to 3/8 th of an inch.
  • the partitions 34 may be made of aluminum strip.
  • the septum 40 is usually an organic matrix composite material consisting of one to five plies of unrepresented reinforcing fabric, which fabrics are embedded in a cured resin by polymerization, these fabrics usually being made of glass fiber, carbon fiber or carbon fiber. Kevlar.
  • the septum 40 is also pierced with holes 42 following a regular mesh.
  • the secondary honeycomb 50 is similar to the primary honeycomb 30. However, its thickness or the width of its cells may be different. 52, 54 and 56 respectively refer to its alveoli, its partitions and its drainage notches which are adjacent to the full skin 60.
  • the full skin 60 is similar to the acoustic skin 20, the full skin 60 being however not perforated, the number and the composition of the fabric folds and the composition of the resin may be different.
  • the adhesive will be referenced 70 allowing the connection between the different layers of the panel 10.
  • the holes 42 of the septum are arranged along straight or slightly curved parallel lines 75, the distance between two successive lines being denoted e, the pitch between two holes 42 on each line 75 being noted. p.
  • the holes are laser drilled, the septum being arranged on a table having the same shape as it, the drilling apparatus being disposed at the end of a robot arm and running through the septum along the drilling lines 75.
  • the septum 40 is seen through the cells of one of the honeycomb 30, 50, for example through the cells of the secondary honeycomb 50.
  • the primary honeycomb 30 is therefore not visible and its partitions 34 are shown dashed.
  • the adhesive 70 is against the partitions 54 and extends a little on the septum to a bonding limit 77, this bonding limit 77 thus forming an approximately circular closed line.
  • the holes 42 of the septum 40 appear within the bonding boundary 77, some holes 42a being obstructed by the adhesive holding the primary honeycomb 30 on the septum 40, these closed holes 42a being in the vicinity of the partitions 34 of the septum 40. primary honeycomb 30.
  • the open holes will be referenced 42b.
  • the acquisition of the various layers 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 is also performed, this acquisition comprising the drilling of the holes 22 of the acoustic skin 20 as well as the holes 42 of the septum 40 and pre-seeding of the layers.
  • the full skin 60 can be made and bonded to the secondary honeycomb in a single operation and therefore with a single thermal cycle.
  • the assembly of the panel is advantageously, but not necessarily, preceded by a control of the rate of perforation of the septum 40.
  • This control can be exhaustive but it will preferably be performed by sampling to reduce the cost.
  • the resolution of the camera and the magnification ratio of the image 92 are chosen so that each hole 42 covers at least 30 pixels in the image. In a preferred embodiment, this resolution is chosen so that each hole 42 covers 75 to 100 pixels in the image, the accuracy of the measurement being consequently improved by reducing the influence of the pixels straddling the edges. Holes.
  • the pixels 100 corresponding to the holes 42 are those whose luminous level is below a predetermined threshold level.
  • the pixels 100 corresponding to the holes 42 are those whose light level is greater than a predetermined threshold level. This threshold level is established by experimentation to give the most accurate measure, that is to say so that statistically half of the pixels straddling the edge of the hole have a level below this threshold and for the other half to have a level above this threshold.
  • the operator rejects the defective septa 40, that is to say the perforation rate is out of tolerance and possibly makes changes in the setting of the machine that made the drilling of the septum 40.
  • the two honeycomb layers 30, 50, and optionally one of the two skins 20, 60 are then assembled according to well-known methods, the subset thus obtained being referenced 12.
  • the surface of at least one honeycomb 30, 50 remains uncovered and makes it possible to see the septum 40 at the bottom of the cells.
  • each hole 42 covers at least 30 pixels in the image 92. In a preferred embodiment, this resolution is chosen so that each hole 4 2 covers 80 to 100 pixels in the image, the accuracy of the measurement is therefore improved by reducing the influence of the pixels straddling the edges of the holes.
  • the pixels corresponding to the holes 42 are those whose luminous level is below a preset threshold level, it sometimes happens that the adhesive 70 appears on the image with a luminous level also lower than this. threshold.
  • the computer 94 delimits inside each cell the surface 76 of the septum 40 not covered by the glue 70, the computer 94 then seeking the pixels corresponding to the clear holes 42b only inside the surfaces 76 thus delimited.
  • This delimitation implements a well-known image analysis function making it possible to define a closed line 77 approximately circular and of size greater than a given minimum, this closed line 77 then being a boundary between a first zone whose light level is below a predefined threshold and a second zone whose light level is greater than this same threshold, this closed line 77 corresponding to the limit of the spread of the glue 70 on the septum 40.
  • diascopic lighting 90 In the case where neither of the two skins 20, 60 is still assembled, it is possible to use diascopic lighting 90, the control method then being identical to the control method of the bare septum previously described.
  • the diascopic control mode allows a simpler image recognition because the clear holes 42b appear very bright and with excellent contrast on a dark background. It is however more difficult to implement with the large panels because the diascopic illumination 90 located behind the panel relative to the camera 84 must follow the movements of this camera 84.
  • the pixels 100 corresponding to the holes 42 are those whose luminous level is below a predetermined threshold level.
  • the pixels 100 corresponding to the holes 42 are those whose light level is greater than a predetermined threshold level. This threshold level is established by experimentation to give the most accurate measure, that is to say so that statistically half of the pixels straddling the edge of the hole have a level below this threshold and for the other half to have a level above this threshold.
  • the resolution of the camera and the magnification ratio of the image 92 are also chosen so that each hole 42 covers at least 30 pixels in the image. In a preferred embodiment, this resolution is chosen so that each hole 42 covers 75 to 100 pixels in the image, the accuracy of the measurement being consequently improved by reducing the influence of the pixels straddling the edges of the holes.
  • the magnification ratio of the camera 84 must not be so high that the camera 84 has a field sufficient for each image 92 to completely cover at least one cell. In practice, this magnification ratio is of the order of 3 to 6.
  • the perforation rate of the assembled septum must be equal to an average value of plus or minus 12%. In the case where the rate of perforation after assembly exceeds these limits, the assembled septum 40 is therefore defective, the process of assembly of the panel 10 is interrupted.
  • the full skin 60 is made and bonded to the secondary honeycomb 50.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of only imposing on the full skin 60 a single thermal cycle. simultaneously ensuring the polymerization of the resin matrix and glue.

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Zusammenbau und zur Prüfung einer akustischen Platte in Wabenstruktur mit doppeltem Resonator, wobei die Platte (10) aus mehreren Schichten (20, 30, 40, 50 und 60) besteht, die in Richtung der Dicke der Platte (10) zusammenzubauen sind, nämlich: eine akustische Haut (20), eine primäre Wabenstruktur (30), ein Septum (40), in das mehrere Löcher (42) gebohrt sind, eine sekundäre Wabenstruktur (50) und eine Vollhaut (60), wobei das Verfahren vorhergehende Vorgänge des Verleimens der verschiedenen zusammenzubauenden Schichten (20, 30, 40, 50 und 60) aufweist,
    • dann ein erster Zusammenbau durch Kleben der zwei Wabenstrukturen (30, 50) mit dem Septum (40), das vorher mit Löchern (42) versehen wurde, um eine Untereinheit zu bilden, wobei die Löcher (42) des Septums (40), die nach dem Kleben noch frei liegen, mit (42b) bezeichnet sind;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    • nach dem Zusammenbau der zwei Wabenstrukturen (30, 50) mit dem Septum (40) und vor dem Zusammenbau mindestens einer der zwei Häute (20, 60), wobei mindestens eine der Wabenstrukturen (30, 50) so freigelegt ist, der Lochungsgrad des Septums (40) kontrolliert wird, indem die Untereinheit (12) mit einer Digitalkamera (84) gescannt wird, die eine zugeordnete Belichtung (88, 96) aufweist, wobei die Kamera (84) auf der Seite einer freigelegten Wabenstruktur (30, 50) angeordnet ist, wobei die Kamera (84) so Aufnahmen vom Septum (40) am Boden der Waben der freigelegten Wabenstruktur (30, 50) macht, wobei diese Belichtung (88, 96) die Zone des Septums (40) belichtet, die von der Kamera (84) beobachtet wird, wobei die so erhaltenen aufeinanderfolgenden Bilder (92) an einen Computer (94) übertragen werden, wobei der Computer (94) die Bilder (92) analysiert und den Lochungsgrad T des Septums (40) feststellt, indem er die Formel T = N1/N anwendet, in der N1 die Anzahl von Pixeln (100), die den freigelegten Löchern (42b) entsprechen, und N die Anzahl von Pixeln des Bilds (92) ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontrolle des Septums (40) vor dem Zusammenbau der zwei Häute (20, 60) durchgeführt wird, und dass die Belichtung (88, 96) eine diaskopische Belichtung (96) ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Belichtung (88, 96) eine episkopische Belichtung (88) ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Computer (94) auf den Bildern (92) innerhalb jeder Wabe die Fläche (76) des nicht vom Kleber (70) bedeckten Septums (40) begrenzt, wobei dieser Computer (94) die Pixel (100) sucht, die den freigelegten Löchern (42b) nur innerhalb dieser Flächen (76) entsprechen.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflösung der Kamera (84) und das Vergrößerungsverhältnis der Bilder (92) geeignet sind, damit jedes Loch (42a) des Septums (40) mindestens 30 Pixel (100) bedeckt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflösung der Kamera (84) und das Vergrößerungsverhältnis der Bilder (92) geeignet sind, damit jedes Loch (42a) des Septums (40) mindestens 75 Pixel (100) bedeckt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es unterbrochen wird, wenn die Kontrolle des zusammengesetzten Septums (40) zeigt, dass es fehlerhaft ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vollhaut (60) in einem einzigen Vorgang hergestellt und auf die sekundäre Wabenstruktur (50) geklebt wird.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Zusammenbau des Septums (40) mit mindestens einer der Wabenstrukturen (30, 50) eine Kontrolle des Lochungsgrads T des nackten Septums (40) durchgeführt wird, indem das Septum (40) mit einer Digitalkamera (84) gescannt wird, die eine zugeordnete Belichtung (88, 96) aufweist, wobei diese Belichtung (88, 96) die Zone des Septums (40) belichtet, die von der Kamera (84) beobachtet wird, wobei die so erhaltenen aufeinanderfolgenden Bilder (92) an einen Computer (94) übertragen werden, wobei der Computer den Durchlochungsgrad T feststellt, indem er die Formel T = N1/N anwendet, in der N1 die Anzahl von Pixeln (100), die den Löchern (42) entsprechen, und N die Anzahl von Pixeln des Bilds (92) ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zusammenbau der Platte (10) unterbrochen wird, wenn die Kontrolle des nackten Septum (40) zeigt, dass dieses Septum (40) fehlerhaft ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflösung der Kamera (84) und das Vergrößerungsverhältnis der Bilder (92) geeignet sind, damit jedes Loch (42a) des Septums (40) mindestens 30 Pixel (100) bedeckt.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflösung der Kamera (84) und das Vergrößerungsverhältnis der Bilder (92) geeignet sind, damit jedes Loch (42a) des Septums (40) mindestens 75 Pixel (100) bedeckt.
EP03290979A 2002-04-22 2003-04-22 Verfahren zum Zusammenbau und zur Kontrolle einer akustischen Platte mit einem Doppelresonator und einem wabenförmigen Kern Expired - Lifetime EP1357539B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0205000A FR2838859B1 (fr) 2002-04-22 2002-04-22 Procede d'assemblage et de controle d'un panneau acoustique a double resonateur avec ame en nid d'abeille
FR0205000 2002-04-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1357539A1 EP1357539A1 (de) 2003-10-29
EP1357539B1 true EP1357539B1 (de) 2009-01-07

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US (1) US7074287B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1357539B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE420430T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003262396B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2481727A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60325667D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2318096T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2838859B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003090202A2 (de)

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CN109643535B (zh) * 2016-08-23 2023-02-28 富士胶片株式会社 防音结构体及开口结构体
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FR3069210B1 (fr) * 2017-07-24 2020-12-11 Faurecia Automotive Ind Piece d'insonorisation de vehicule automobile et procede de fabrication associe
US11151971B2 (en) * 2017-12-14 2021-10-19 Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. Acoustic panel employing chopped fibers in septum layer and method for making same
FR3077137B1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2021-06-11 Safran Nacelles Dispositif et procede pour le controle de la permeabilite acoustique de peaux de panneaux acoustiques pour ensemble propulsif d’aeronef
US11123948B2 (en) * 2018-11-13 2021-09-21 Epic Aircraft, LLC Method for forming a composite structure
FR3103953B1 (fr) * 2019-11-29 2021-11-12 Safran Aircraft Engines Pastille résonante et cellule de traitement acoustique dotée d’une telle pastille

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CA2481727A1 (fr) 2003-10-30
DE60325667D1 (de) 2009-02-26
ES2318096T3 (es) 2009-05-01
FR2838859B1 (fr) 2004-07-16
US7074287B2 (en) 2006-07-11
AU2003262396B2 (en) 2008-06-26
US20050178489A1 (en) 2005-08-18
AU2003262396A1 (en) 2003-11-03
FR2838859A1 (fr) 2003-10-24
EP1357539A1 (de) 2003-10-29
WO2003090202A3 (fr) 2004-04-01
WO2003090202A2 (fr) 2003-10-30
ATE420430T1 (de) 2009-01-15

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