EP1356247A1 - Support for parts to be heat treated in a furnace, and a heat treatment method for metal parts - Google Patents

Support for parts to be heat treated in a furnace, and a heat treatment method for metal parts

Info

Publication number
EP1356247A1
EP1356247A1 EP01995793A EP01995793A EP1356247A1 EP 1356247 A1 EP1356247 A1 EP 1356247A1 EP 01995793 A EP01995793 A EP 01995793A EP 01995793 A EP01995793 A EP 01995793A EP 1356247 A1 EP1356247 A1 EP 1356247A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
ceramic
metal
metal body
heat treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01995793A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1356247B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Maumus
Serge Chateigner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
SNECMA Propulsion Solide SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA Propulsion Solide SA filed Critical SNECMA Propulsion Solide SA
Publication of EP1356247A1 publication Critical patent/EP1356247A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1356247B1 publication Critical patent/EP1356247B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S269/00—Work holders
    • Y10S269/903—Work holder for electrical circuit assemblages or wiring systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support intended to support a part, in particular a metal part, during a heat treatment of said part in an oven.
  • the heat treatment is a low-pressure carburizing treatment of a steel part using, for example, gas, oil, etc.
  • Patent application FR-A-2 772 467 discloses a device for supporting parts to be heat treated in an oven, comprising plates on each of which are mounted groups of metal pins. Each group of metal pins serves as support for a part to be treated in the form of a pinion. The trays are designed so that they can be stacked vertically.
  • the parts are loaded onto the trays and the trays are superimposed on a robot.
  • the robot presents the part above the group of pins, then releases it.
  • the precision of the robot being limited, it sometimes happens that the part does not fall correctly on its group of support pins and finds itself, after its fall, badly positioned on it.
  • the robot is equipped with a part presence detection system, it will detect an anomaly and lock up. Manual intervention will then be necessary to correctly position the part and restart the robot.
  • the robot is not equipped with a part presence detection system, it will continue to load the parts on the tray but the superposition of the next tray will be hampered by the incorrectly positioned part. In some cases, the next plate may even break when it is put in place under the effect of conflicting constraints exerted by the robot and the incorrectly positioned part.
  • the present invention aims firstly to provide a support which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the loading of a part to be heat treated.
  • a support intended to support, at least in part, a part during a heat treatment of said part, characterized in that it comprises a guide element making it possible to guide the part towards a surface or part of the support surface of said support when it is placed on the support.
  • the support according to the invention can feel that it supports the part completely, or, as a variant, that it supports only said part in part. In the latter case, the support force is shared between the support according to the invention and one or more other supports, preferably identical to the support according to the invention.
  • the guide element of the support according to the invention facilitates the positioning of the part to be treated, in particular when this positioning is robotized, and makes it possible to compensate for any imprecision of the robot.
  • the guide element may consist of an elongate element extending from a base of the support substantially perpendicular to this base and comprising an end portion, opposite the base, in the form of a warhead. More particularly, the guide element can comprise a rod terminated by a head, the head constituting said end portion in the form of a warhead.
  • the rod has a diameter smaller than that of the head.
  • the end of the guide element opposite the base is rounded.
  • the support according to the invention comprises a metal body, of which the guide element can be part, and a ceramic element embedded in the metal body and defining said support surface.
  • a heat treatment operation of the part for example of the case hardening type (in particular when the part is made of steel ), can be performed without the support surface and the part sticking to each other. The unloading of the part, once the treatment is finished, is therefore facilitated.
  • the fact of embedding the ceramic element in a metallic body makes it possible to increase the impact resistance of the ceramic. It is thus possible to load the part to be treated beforehand by placing this part above the support and then releasing it, all by means of a robot, and with a reduced risk of breakage of the ceramic.
  • the ceramic element can be mounted in the metal body so that it can be replaced easily.
  • the ceramic element can be crimped into the metal body, simply placed in a recess of the metal body without being attached to it, or placed in a recess of the metal body and retained in this recess by one or more points. (s) of solder or solder formed on or near an upper edge of the recess.
  • the ceramic used in the present invention is mullite. This material indeed has good mechanical resistance.
  • the ceramic element is embedded in the metal body with a clearance allowing the ceramic element and the metal body to expand freely.
  • the ceramic element is embedded in a base of the metal body constituting the aforementioned base of the support.
  • the ceramic element can thus consist of an annular part having an axis of symmetry common with the guide element.
  • the support surface is inclined, or has an inclined part, in order to prevent lateral movement of the part when the latter rests, at least in part, flat on the support. This ensures good retention of the part on the support, under the effect of the gravitational force to which the part is subjected, while avoiding contact between the part and the guide element.
  • the support surface is shaped to ensure contact only at one or more discrete points with an annular part when such an annular part rests, at least in part, flat on the support.
  • the support surface can have, for example, a frustoconical shape, or be in the form of a spherical surface part.
  • the ceramic element is embedded in the end part of the guide element.
  • the support according to the invention can be in the form of a pin.
  • the support according to the invention also typically comprises means for fixing to a support plate.
  • Such fixing means may comprise a projection of the support, intended to be introduced into a corresponding transverse hole of the support plate, from a first end of this hole, and comprising a thin frustoconical part capable of cooperating with a chamfer provided at a second end, opposite the first, of the transverse hole.
  • the present invention also relates to support equipment comprising a support plate and at least one support as defined above, mounted on the support plate.
  • the support plate is preferably made of a thermo-structural composite material, such as a carbon-carbon composite material.
  • the or each support, and more particularly the metal body thereof, is advantageously mounted on the support plate by crimping and with a clearance.
  • the point of intersection between an axis of symmetry of the or each support and the plane of a surface of the support plate receiving the or each support is substantially coincident with the apex of the cone defined by an external surface of the part thin frustoconical.
  • the support equipment according to the invention comprises at least one group of three supports arranged in a triangle.
  • the present invention further aims to provide a method of heat treatment of a metal part which facilitates, in a sustainable manner, the unloading of the part at the end of the heat treatment.
  • a method of heat treatment of a metal part characterized in that one uses, to support said part, at least one support having a ceramic surface, preferably mullite, on which rests , at least in part, said part.
  • the metal part is in contact with the ceramic surface only at one or more discrete points.
  • the heat treatment consists in a case hardening operation of a steel part. It has been observed that, when such a case-hardening operation was carried out with a purely metallic support for the technique previous, a phenomenon of micro-diffusion of carbon occurred at the level of the support, which tended to lower the melting point of the latter and consequently caused a sticking of the part on the support.
  • FIG. 1 is a half-sectional view along the plane I of Figure 2 of a portion of support equipment according to a first embodiment of the invention, on which rests an annular part;
  • FIG. 3 shows, in the same type of view as Figure 1, a variant of the first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows, in top view, another way of positioning an annular part on the support equipment according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows, in section, how can be positioned an elongated vertical piece in the shape of a piston on the support equipment according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows, in section, yet another way of positioning an annular part on the support equipment according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows, in section, another way of positioning an elongated vertical piece in the shape of a piston on the support equipment according to the invention
  • - Figure 8 is a sectional view of part of a support equipment according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are sectional views of part of a support equipment according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • - Figure 11 is a partial sectional view showing support equipment according to the third embodiment of the invention supporting a part;
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view of part of a support equipment according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • support equipment for the heat treatment of a metal part, such as the carburizing of a steel part, comprises a support plate 1 and supports in the form of pawns 2 mounted on the support plate 1.
  • the pawns 2 are grouped in threes. In each group of pawns (only one group is represented in FIG. 2), the pawns 2 are arranged in a triangle, preferably in an equilateral triangle.
  • the support plate 1 is preferably designed in a thermo-structural composite material, such as a carbon-carbon composite material. Alternatively, it can however be made of metal.
  • Each pin 2 comprises a metal body 20 consisting of a projecting lower part 21 housed in a corresponding cylindrical transverse hole 10 in the support plate 1, and an upper part 22 extending beyond the upper surface, designated by the reference 11, of the support plate 1, and perpendicular to this surface.
  • the body 20 is preferably monolithic.
  • each pin 2 is fixed to the support plate 1 by crimping.
  • the lower part 21 comprises, at its lower end, a thin frustoconical part 210 cooperating with a chamfer 12 formed on the lower edge of the transverse hole 10.
  • the support equipment according to the invention is assembled by presenting each pin 2 above the corresponding transverse hole 10, then by introducing the lower part 21 into the hole 10, downwards, until the frustoconical part 210 come to cooperate with chamfer 12.
  • each pin 2 has a skirt-shaped base 220 which rests on the upper surface 11 of the support plate 1, and a central and elongate guide element 221 extending perpendicular to the support plate 1 and at base 220 from the upper end of base 220, along an axis of symmetry AS1 of pin 2.
  • the base 220 is cylindrical in the lower part, and frustoconical in the upper part. It further comprises a recess in which is housed a ceramic element 23 which is in the form of an annular pellet having a frustoconical upper surface 230.
  • the ceramic pellet 23 is more particularly set at the base 220, by cooperation between a chamfer made on the upper external edge of the pad 23 and a projection 222 of an annular edge 223 of the base 220.
  • the ceramic pad 23 can nevertheless be mounted differently in the recess of the base 220. It can for example be simply placed in this recess, without being crimped or fixed in any other way, in order to facilitate its replacement in the event of breakage. It can also be placed in the recess and retained therein simply by one or more weld or solder point (s) 224 formed on or near an upper edge of the recess, as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the frusto-conical upper surface 230 of the ceramic pad 23 is flush with the upper face of the base 220, so that it can feel a support surface, and is arranged so that the apex (not shown) of the cone defined by this surface is directed towards the upper end of pin 2, along the axis AS1.
  • the guide element 221 comprises a rod 225 terminated, at its upper end, opposite the base 220, by a head 226.
  • the shape of the head 226 is chosen to allow effective guidance when positioning a workpiece on the pin 2.
  • the head 226 has a shell or warhead shape, preferably a warhead shape as illustrated in the figures.
  • the upper end 226a of the head 226 is rounded rather than pointed.
  • the diameter of the rod 225 is less than that of the head 226.
  • each pin 2 is arranged relative to the plate 1 so that the point of intersection, designated in FIG. 1 by the mark O, between the axis of symmetry AS1 of the pin 2 and the plane geometric defined by the upper surface 11 of the plate 1 is substantially coincident with the top of the cone defined by the external surface (in contact with the chamfer 12) of the thin frustoconical part 210.
  • a slight clearance 211 can be provided between the outer face of the projecting lower part 21 of each pin 2 and the inner face of the corresponding hole 10.
  • each pin 2 can be absorbed by a slight lateral clearance 231 between the inner and / or outer faces of the pad 23 and the corresponding wall or walls of the annular recess of the body 20.
  • annular metal part 3 to be heat treated such as a pinion, is placed flat on a group of three pins 2 so as to come to bear on the frustoconical ceramic surfaces 230 of the pins 2.
  • flat is meant that the axis of symmetry (designated by the reference AS2) of the annular part 3 is perpendicular to the support plate 1 or, in other words, parallel to the axis of symmetry AS1 of each pawn 2.
  • the contact between the part 3 and each of the surfaces of ceramic support 230 is punctual.
  • the part 3 is thus supported by the support equipment 1, 2 according to the invention at three discrete points A, B and C.
  • the guide elements 221 are inscribed inside the internal surface 30 of the part 3 and are distant from this internal surface, that is to say that they do not enter no place in contact with the part 3. Thanks to the inclination of the surfaces of support 230, the part 3 is well maintained on the pins 2 under the effect of gravitation. In particular, the part 3 cannot move laterally to come into contact with the guide elements 221.
  • the positioning of the part 3 on the pins 2 is preferably carried out by means of a robot, which places the part 3 above the pins 2 and then releases it so that it falls on the latter.
  • the part 3 is guided by the respective heads 226 in the form of an ogive of the guide elements 221. Due to the difference in diameter between the rods 225 and the heads 226 (the rods 225 are narrower than the heads 226), the part 3, after having been guided by the heads 226, is no longer in contact with the guide elements 221. This facilitates the fall of the part 3 towards the surfaces support 230.
  • the ceramic pad 23 of each pin 2 is embedded in the metal body 20, that is to say is mounted in a recess of the body 20, increases the impact resistance of the pad 23. Therefore, the risk of ceramic breakage when the part 3 comes into contact with the pins 2 is reduced.
  • the latter is designed in mullite.
  • the annular part 3 and the pins 2 are arranged so that the guide elements 21 fit into the central empty space of the part 3 delimited by the inner annular surface of it.
  • the pins 2 can be arranged so that the guide elements 221 are located beyond the outer annular face of the part 3.
  • the part 3 is not necessarily annular, but can also be cylindrical.
  • FIG. 5 shows, also by way of example, support pins 2 according to the invention supporting an elongated vertical part 4 in the shape of a piston. Although only two pins 2 are shown in FIG. 5, at least three are used to ensure good maintenance of the part 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows another type of configuration, in which each pin 2 fully supports, and no longer only partially as in the arrangements of FIGS. 1 to 5, an annular metal part 5.
  • the axis of symmetry of the annular part 5 is thus confused with the axis AS1 of pin 2.
  • FIG. 7 shows a pin 2 according to the invention completely supporting a part 6 in the form of a piston comprising an annular lower part 60.
  • the pins 2 are intended for a use as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be envisaged to conform their ceramic support surfaces 230 so as to ensure contact between each pin 2 and the corresponding part 5, 6 at discrete points only.
  • each ceramic support surface 230 may include slight bosses in places intended to define points of contact with the part 5, 6.
  • the invention is not limited to a particular shape for the ceramic support surfaces 230, and that there are many ways of shaping these surfaces so that they each provide contact only at one or more discrete points with an annular part when such an annular part rests flat, completely or in part, on the corresponding pin.
  • FIG 8 shows, by way of example, a second embodiment of the invention, in which each 2 'pin (only one 2' pin is shown in Figure 8) has a ceramic support surface
  • FIG. 9 and 10 show support pins 7 and 8 respectively according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the pins 7, 8 differ from the pins 2, 2 'essentially in that their ceramic element is embedded in the head of the guide element, rather than in the base of the metal body (cf. marks 70 and 80).
  • the ceramic element 70 (respectively 80) has a rounded support surface 71 (respectively 81) on which a piece can come to rest.
  • the ceramic elements 70 and 80 are simply placed, without being fixed, in a recess in the head of the guide element, so that they can be replaced easily in the event of breakage. As a variant, they can nevertheless be crimped into the recess or blocked by one or more welding points in a manner comparable to the example in FIG. 3.
  • Pawns 7, 8 can be used, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • a group of three support pawns of the type of pawns 7 or 8 supports, at three points of contact, a metal part 72 having an annular lower part and a solid cylindrical upper part.
  • the contact between the part 72 and the pins 7 or 8 takes place between a metal bearing surface 73 of the part 72 and the ceramic surface 71 or 81 of each pin.
  • the positioning of the part 72 on the pins 7 or 8 is facilitated by the guide elements.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a support pin 9 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the pin 9 consists of a metal body 90 and a ceramic coating layer 91 covering the head of a guide element of the metal body 90 and fixed to this head for example by gluing or brazing, as shown at the level of the reference 92.
  • the ceramic element 91 is not embedded in the metal body.
  • the pin 9 can also be used to support a metal part to be heat treated, such as a steel part to be cemented, for example in the manner illustrated in FIG. 11 for the pins 7, 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

A support slug ( 2 ) used for the heat treatment of a part ( 3 ), particularly for the hardening of a steel part, comprises a guide element ( 221 ) that is used to guide the part ( 3 ) towards a supporting surface ( 230 ) of the support slug ( 2 ) when said part is being positioned on the support slug. A ceramic element ( 23 ) including the supporting surface ( 230 ) is embedded in the metal body ( 20 ) of the support slug.

Description

TITRE DE L'INVENTIONTITLE OF THE INVENTION
Support pour pièce à traiter thermiquement dans un four, et procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce métalliqueSupport for part to be heat treated in an oven, and method for heat treatment of a metal part
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION ET DESCRIPTION DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEUREFIELD OF THE INVENTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
La présente invention concerne un support destiné à supporter une pièce, notamment une pièce métallique, lors d'un traitement thermique de ladite pièce dans un four.The present invention relates to a support intended to support a part, in particular a metal part, during a heat treatment of said part in an oven.
Selon une application particulière, mais non exclusive, de l'invention, le traitement thermique est un traitement de cémentation à basse pression d'une pièce en acier utilisant, par exemple, du gaz, de l'huile, etc. On connaît par la demande de brevet FR-A-2 772 467 un dispositif pour le support de pièces à traiter thermiquement dans un four, comprenant des plateaux sur chacun desquels sont montés des groupes de pions métalliques. Chaque groupe de pions métalliques sert de support à une pièce à traiter en forme de pignon. Les plateaux sont conçus pour pouvoir être superposés verticalement.According to a particular, but not exclusive, application of the invention, the heat treatment is a low-pressure carburizing treatment of a steel part using, for example, gas, oil, etc. Patent application FR-A-2 772 467 discloses a device for supporting parts to be heat treated in an oven, comprising plates on each of which are mounted groups of metal pins. Each group of metal pins serves as support for a part to be treated in the form of a pinion. The trays are designed so that they can be stacked vertically.
En pratique, le chargement des pièces sur les plateaux et la superposition des plateaux sont effectués par un robot. Pour positionner une pièce donnée sur son groupe de pions de support, le robot présente la pièce au-dessus du groupe de pions, puis la lâche. La précision du robot étant limitée, il arrive parfois que la pièce ne tombe pas correctement sur son groupe de pions de support et se retrouve, après sa chute, mal positionnée sur celui-ci. Dans une telle situation, si le robot est équipé d'un système de détection de présence de pièce, il détectera une anomalie et se bloquera. Une intervention manuelle sera alors nécessaire pour positionner correctement la pièce et redémarrer le robot. Si le robot n'est pas équipé d'un système de détection de présence de pièce, il continuera le chargement des pièces sur le plateau mais la superposition du plateau suivant sera gênée par la pièce mal positionnée. Dans certains cas, le plateau suivant pourra même se casser au moment de sa mise en place sous l'effet des contraintes antagonistes exercées par le robot et la pièce mal positionnée.In practice, the parts are loaded onto the trays and the trays are superimposed on a robot. To position a given part on its group of support pins, the robot presents the part above the group of pins, then releases it. The precision of the robot being limited, it sometimes happens that the part does not fall correctly on its group of support pins and finds itself, after its fall, badly positioned on it. In such a situation, if the robot is equipped with a part presence detection system, it will detect an anomaly and lock up. Manual intervention will then be necessary to correctly position the part and restart the robot. If the robot is not equipped with a part presence detection system, it will continue to load the parts on the tray but the superposition of the next tray will be hampered by the incorrectly positioned part. In some cases, the next plate may even break when it is put in place under the effect of conflicting constraints exerted by the robot and the incorrectly positioned part.
Outre ces problèmes relatifs au chargement des pièces, il a été observé que, lorsque les pièces à traiter sont métalliques, celles-ci ont tendance à se coller à leurs pions de support lors du traitement thermique, ce qui gêne leur déchargement une fois le traitement thermique terminé.In addition to these problems relating to the loading of the parts, it has been observed that, when the parts to be treated are metallic, they tend to stick to their support pins during the heat treatment, which hinders their unloading once the treatment thermal finished.
Pour éviter ce phénomène de collage, la demande de brevet précitée FR-A-2 772 467 propose de revêtir les pions de support de cuivre.To avoid this bonding phenomenon, the aforementioned patent application FR-A-2 772 467 proposes to coat the pins with copper support.
Cette solution est efficace à court terme, mais ne produit plus l'effet recherché après une utilisation répétée des pions de support, lesquels doivent donc être fréquemment remplacés.This solution is effective in the short term, but no longer produces the desired effect after repeated use of the support pins, which must therefore be replaced frequently.
OBJECTIFS ET RESUME DE L'INVENTIONOBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention vise en premier lieu à fournir un support qui permette d'améliorer l'efficacité du chargement d'une pièce à traiter thermiquement.The present invention aims firstly to provide a support which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the loading of a part to be heat treated.
A cette fin, il est prévu un support destiné à supporter, au moins en partie, une pièce lors d'un traitement thermique de ladite pièce, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un élément de guidage permettant de guider la pièce vers une surface ou partie de surface de support dudit support lors de sa mise en place sur le support.To this end, there is provided a support intended to support, at least in part, a part during a heat treatment of said part, characterized in that it comprises a guide element making it possible to guide the part towards a surface or part of the support surface of said support when it is placed on the support.
Par l'expression « au moins en partie », on entend que le support selon l'invention peut sentir à supporter complètement la pièce, ou, en variante, à supporter en partie seulement ladite pièce. Dans ce dernier cas, l'effort de support est partagé entre le support selon l'invention et un ou plusieurs autres supports, de préférence identiques au support selon l'invention.By the expression “at least in part”, it is meant that the support according to the invention can feel that it supports the part completely, or, as a variant, that it supports only said part in part. In the latter case, the support force is shared between the support according to the invention and one or more other supports, preferably identical to the support according to the invention.
L'élément de guidage du support selon l'invention facilite la mise en place de la pièce à traiter, notamment lorsque cette mise en place est robotisée, et permet de compenser une éventuelle imprécision du robot.The guide element of the support according to the invention facilitates the positioning of the part to be treated, in particular when this positioning is robotized, and makes it possible to compensate for any imprecision of the robot.
L'élément de guidage peut consister en un élément allongé s'étendant depuis une base du support sensiblement perpendiculairement à cette base et comportant une partie d'extrémité, opposée à la base, en forme d'ogive. Plus particulièrement, l'élément de guidage peut comprendre une tige terminée par une tête, la tête constituant ladite partie d'extrémité en forme d'ogive. Avantageusement, la tige a un diamètre inférieur à celui de la tête. De préférence, l'extrémité de l'élément de guidage opposée à la base est arrondie. La présente invention vise également à fournir un support qui permette, de manière durable, un déchargement pratique et efficace d'une pièce métallique traitée thermiquement.The guide element may consist of an elongate element extending from a base of the support substantially perpendicular to this base and comprising an end portion, opposite the base, in the form of a warhead. More particularly, the guide element can comprise a rod terminated by a head, the head constituting said end portion in the form of a warhead. Advantageously, the rod has a diameter smaller than that of the head. Preferably, the end of the guide element opposite the base is rounded. The present invention also aims to provide a support which allows, in a sustainable manner, a practical and efficient unloading of a heat-treated metal part.
A cette fin, le support selon l'invention comporte un corps métallique, duquel peut faire partie l'élément de guidage, et un élément en céramique enchâssé dans le corps métallique et définissant ladite surface de support.To this end, the support according to the invention comprises a metal body, of which the guide element can be part, and a ceramic element embedded in the metal body and defining said support surface.
Grâce à l'utilisation d'une matière céramique pour former la surface de support sur laquelle vient reposer directement la pièce métallique à traiter, une opération de traitement thermique de la pièce, par exemple du type cémentation (en particulier lorsque la pièce est en acier), peut être effectuée sans que la surface de support et la pièce ne se collent l'une à l'autre. Le déchargement de la pièce, une fois le traitement terminé, en est donc facilité.Thanks to the use of a ceramic material to form the support surface on which the metal part to be treated comes to rest directly, a heat treatment operation of the part, for example of the case hardening type (in particular when the part is made of steel ), can be performed without the support surface and the part sticking to each other. The unloading of the part, once the treatment is finished, is therefore facilitated.
D'autre part, le fait d'enchâsser l'élément en céramique dans un corps métallique permet d'accroître la résistance aux chocs de la céramique. Il est ainsi possible de charger préalablement la pièce à traiter en plaçant cette pièce au-dessus du support puis en la lâchant, le tout au moyen d'un robot, et avec un risque réduit de cassure de la céramique.On the other hand, the fact of embedding the ceramic element in a metallic body makes it possible to increase the impact resistance of the ceramic. It is thus possible to load the part to be treated beforehand by placing this part above the support and then releasing it, all by means of a robot, and with a reduced risk of breakage of the ceramic.
En outre, une éventuelle cassure de la céramique n'affectera pas l'intégralité du support et ne nécessitera de remplacer que l'élément en céramique. A cet égard, l'élément en céramique peut être monté dans le corps métallique de façon à pouvoir être remplacé facilement. A titre d'exemple, l'élément en céramique peut être serti dans le corps métallique, simplement posé dans un evidement du corps métallique sans y être fixé, ou posé dans un evidement du corps métallique et retenu dans cet evidement par un ou plusieurs point(s) de soudure ou de brasure formé(s) sur ou à proximité d'un bord supérieur de l'évidement.In addition, any breakage of the ceramic will not affect the entire support and will only require replacing the ceramic element. In this regard, the ceramic element can be mounted in the metal body so that it can be replaced easily. For example, the ceramic element can be crimped into the metal body, simply placed in a recess of the metal body without being attached to it, or placed in a recess of the metal body and retained in this recess by one or more points. (s) of solder or solder formed on or near an upper edge of the recess.
Avantageusement, la céramique utilisée dans la présente invention est de la mullite. Cette matière présente en effet une bonne résistance mécanique. De préférence, l'élément en céramique est enchâssé dans le corps métallique avec un jeu permettant à l'élément en céramique et au corps métallique de se dilater librement.Advantageously, the ceramic used in the present invention is mullite. This material indeed has good mechanical resistance. Preferably, the ceramic element is embedded in the metal body with a clearance allowing the ceramic element and the metal body to expand freely.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément en céramique est enchâssé dans une base du corps métallique constituant la base précitée du support. L'élément en céramique peut ainsi consister en une pièce annulaire ayant un axe de symétrie commun avec l'élément de guidage.According to one embodiment of the invention, the ceramic element is embedded in a base of the metal body constituting the aforementioned base of the support. The ceramic element can thus consist of an annular part having an axis of symmetry common with the guide element.
De préférence, la surface de support est inclinée, ou comporte une partie inclinée, afin d'empêcher un mouvement latéral de la pièce lorsque celle-ci repose, au moins en partie, à plat sur le support. On assure ainsi un bon maintien de la pièce sur le support, sous l'effet de la force de gravitation à laquelle est soumise la pièce, tout en évitant le contact entre la pièce et l'élément de guidage. De préférence, la surface de support est conformée pour assurer un contact seulement en un ou plusieurs points discrets avec une pièce annulaire lorsqu'une telle pièce annulaire repose, au moins en partie, à plat sur le support.Preferably, the support surface is inclined, or has an inclined part, in order to prevent lateral movement of the part when the latter rests, at least in part, flat on the support. This ensures good retention of the part on the support, under the effect of the gravitational force to which the part is subjected, while avoiding contact between the part and the guide element. Preferably, the support surface is shaped to ensure contact only at one or more discrete points with an annular part when such an annular part rests, at least in part, flat on the support.
Un tel contact en un ou plusieurs points discrets seulement permet de maintenir la pièce quasiment en suspension lors de son traitement, et, par conséquent, de faire en sorte qu'une partie la plus importante possible de la surface de la pièce soit soumise à ce traitement.Such contact at only one or more discrete points makes it possible to maintain the part almost in suspension during its treatment, and therefore to ensure that as large a part as possible of the surface of the part is subjected to this. treatment.
Ainsi, la surface de support peut avoir, par exemple, une forme tronconique, ou se présenter sous la forme d'une partie de surface sphérique.Thus, the support surface can have, for example, a frustoconical shape, or be in the form of a spherical surface part.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément en céramique est enchâssé dans la partie d'extrémité de l'élément de guidage.According to another embodiment of the invention, the ceramic element is embedded in the end part of the guide element.
De manière générale, le support selon l'invention peut se présenter sous la forme d'un pion.In general, the support according to the invention can be in the form of a pin.
Le support selon l'invention comprend en outre typiquement des moyens de fixation à une plaque de support.The support according to the invention also typically comprises means for fixing to a support plate.
De tels moyens de fixation peuvent comprendre une saillie du support, destinée à être introduite dans un trou traversier correspondant de la plaque de support, depuis une première extrémité de ce trou, et comprenant une partie tronconique mince apte à coopérer avec un chanfrein prévu à une seconde extrémité, opposée à la première, du trou traversier.Such fixing means may comprise a projection of the support, intended to be introduced into a corresponding transverse hole of the support plate, from a first end of this hole, and comprising a thin frustoconical part capable of cooperating with a chamfer provided at a second end, opposite the first, of the transverse hole.
La présente invention concerne également un équipement de support comprenant une plaque de support et au moins un support tel que défini ci-dessus, monté sur la plaque de support.The present invention also relates to support equipment comprising a support plate and at least one support as defined above, mounted on the support plate.
La plaque de support est de préférence conçue en un matériau composite thermo-structural, tel qu'un matériau composite carbone- carbone. Le ou chaque support, et plus particulièrement le corps métallique de celui-ci, est avantageusement monté sur la plaque de support par sertissage et avec un jeu.The support plate is preferably made of a thermo-structural composite material, such as a carbon-carbon composite material. The or each support, and more particularly the metal body thereof, is advantageously mounted on the support plate by crimping and with a clearance.
Afin d'éviter d'éventuels problèmes de désolidarisation du (des) supportas) sur la plaque de support, en raison de différences de dilatation thermique entre le corps du (des) support(s) et la plaque de support lors du traitement de la pièce, le point d'intersection entre un axe de symétrie du ou de chaque support et le plan d'une surface de la plaque de support recevant le ou chaque support est sensiblement confondu avec le sommet du cône défini par une surface externe de la partie tronconique mince.In order to avoid possible problems of separation of the support (s) on the support plate, due to differences in thermal expansion between the body of the support (s) and the support plate during the treatment of the piece, the point of intersection between an axis of symmetry of the or each support and the plane of a surface of the support plate receiving the or each support is substantially coincident with the apex of the cone defined by an external surface of the part thin frustoconical.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'équipement de support selon l'invention comprend au moins un groupe de trois supports disposés en triangle.According to a particular embodiment, the support equipment according to the invention comprises at least one group of three supports arranged in a triangle.
La présente invention vise en outre à proposer un procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce métallique qui facilite, de manière durable, le déchargement de la pièce à l'issue du traitement thermique. A cette fin, il est prévu un procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce métallique, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise, pour supporter ladite pièce, au moins un support ayant une surface en céramique, de préférence en mullite, sur laquelle repose, au moins en partie, ladite pièce. De préférence, la pièce métallique est en contact avec la surface en céramique seulement en un ou plusieurs points discrets.The present invention further aims to provide a method of heat treatment of a metal part which facilitates, in a sustainable manner, the unloading of the part at the end of the heat treatment. To this end, there is provided a method of heat treatment of a metal part, characterized in that one uses, to support said part, at least one support having a ceramic surface, preferably mullite, on which rests , at least in part, said part. Preferably, the metal part is in contact with the ceramic surface only at one or more discrete points.
Selon une application particulière de l'invention, le traitement thermique consiste en une opération de cémentation d'une pièce en acier. Il a été observé que, lorsqu'une telle opération de cémentation était mise en œuvre avec un support purement métallique de la technique antérieure, un phénomène de micro-diffusion de carbone se produisait au niveau du support, qui tendait à abaisser le point de fusion de ce dernier et entraînait en conséquence un collage de la pièce sur le support.According to a particular application of the invention, the heat treatment consists in a case hardening operation of a steel part. It has been observed that, when such a case-hardening operation was carried out with a purely metallic support for the technique previous, a phenomenon of micro-diffusion of carbon occurred at the level of the support, which tended to lower the melting point of the latter and consequently caused a sticking of the part on the support.
L'utilisation, selon l'invention, de céramique pour constituer la surface de support destinée à être en contact avec la pièce à traiter remédie à ce problème de collage.The use, according to the invention, of ceramic to constitute the support surface intended to be in contact with the part to be treated remedies this problem of sticking.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS Dans les dessins annexés :BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings:
- la figure 1 est une demi-vue en coupe suivant le plan I de la figure 2 d'une partie d'un équipement de support selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, sur laquelle repose une pièce annulaire ;- Figure 1 is a half-sectional view along the plane I of Figure 2 of a portion of support equipment according to a first embodiment of the invention, on which rests an annular part;
- la figure 2 montre la partie de l'équipement de support et la pièce annulaire de la figure 1 en vue de dessus ;- Figure 2 shows the part of the support equipment and the annular part of Figure 1 in top view;
- la figure 3 représente, dans le même type de vue que la figure 1, une variante du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;- Figure 3 shows, in the same type of view as Figure 1, a variant of the first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 4 montre, en vue de dessus, une autre manière de positionner une pièce annulaire sur l'équipement de support selon l'invention ;- Figure 4 shows, in top view, another way of positioning an annular part on the support equipment according to the invention;
- la figure 5 montre, en coupe, comment peut être positionnée une pièce verticale allongée en forme de piston sur l'équipement de support selon l'invention ;- Figure 5 shows, in section, how can be positioned an elongated vertical piece in the shape of a piston on the support equipment according to the invention;
- la figure 6 montre, en coupe, encore une autre manière de positionner une pièce annulaire sur l'équipement de support selon l'invention ;- Figure 6 shows, in section, yet another way of positioning an annular part on the support equipment according to the invention;
- la figure 7 montre, en coupe, une autre manière de positionner une pièce verticale allongée en forme de piston sur l'équipement de support selon l'invention ; - la figure 8 est une vue en coupe d'une partie d'un équipement de support selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention ;- Figure 7 shows, in section, another way of positioning an elongated vertical piece in the shape of a piston on the support equipment according to the invention; - Figure 8 is a sectional view of part of a support equipment according to a second embodiment of the invention;
- les figures 9 et 10 sont des vues en coupe d'une partie d'un équipement de support selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la figure 11 est une vue en coupe partielle montrant l'équipement de support selon le troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention supportant une pièce ; et- Figures 9 and 10 are sectional views of part of a support equipment according to a third embodiment of the invention; - Figure 11 is a partial sectional view showing support equipment according to the third embodiment of the invention supporting a part; and
- la figure 12 est une vue en coupe d'une partie d'un équipement de support selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention.- Figure 12 is a sectional view of part of a support equipment according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION DE PLUSIEURS MODES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION Plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention sont maintenant décrits en détail.DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Several embodiments of the invention are now described in detail.
En référence aux figures 1 et 2, un équipement de support selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention pour le traitement thermique d'une pièce métallique, tel que la cémentation d'une pièce en acier, comprend une plaque de support 1 et des supports en forme de pions 2 montés sur la plaque de support 1. Comme montré à la figure 2, les pions 2 sont groupés par trois. Dans chaque groupe de pions (un seul groupe est représenté à la figure 2), les pions 2 sont disposés en triangle, de préférence en triangle équilatéral. La plaque de support 1 est de préférence conçue en un matériau composite thermo-structural, tel qu'un matériau composite carbone-carbone. En variante, elle peut toutefois être conçue en métal.With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, support equipment according to a first embodiment of the invention for the heat treatment of a metal part, such as the carburizing of a steel part, comprises a support plate 1 and supports in the form of pawns 2 mounted on the support plate 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the pawns 2 are grouped in threes. In each group of pawns (only one group is represented in FIG. 2), the pawns 2 are arranged in a triangle, preferably in an equilateral triangle. The support plate 1 is preferably designed in a thermo-structural composite material, such as a carbon-carbon composite material. Alternatively, it can however be made of metal.
Chaque pion 2 comprend un corps métallique 20 constitué d'une partie basse saillante 21 logée dans un trou traversier cylindrique correspondant 10 de la plaque de support 1, et d'une partie haute 22 s'étendant au-delà de la surface supérieure, désignée par le repère 11, de la plaque de support 1, et perpendiculairement à cette surface. Le corps 20 est de préférence monolithique.Each pin 2 comprises a metal body 20 consisting of a projecting lower part 21 housed in a corresponding cylindrical transverse hole 10 in the support plate 1, and an upper part 22 extending beyond the upper surface, designated by the reference 11, of the support plate 1, and perpendicular to this surface. The body 20 is preferably monolithic.
Chaque pion 2 est fixé à la plaque de support 1 par sertissage. A cet effet, la partie basse 21 comporte, à son extrémité inférieure, une partie tronconique mince 210 coopérant avec un chanfrein 12 pratiqué sur l'arête inférieure du trou traversier 10.Each pin 2 is fixed to the support plate 1 by crimping. To this end, the lower part 21 comprises, at its lower end, a thin frustoconical part 210 cooperating with a chamfer 12 formed on the lower edge of the transverse hole 10.
En pratique, l'équipement de support selon l'invention est assemblé en présentant chaque pion 2 au-dessus du trou traversier correspondant 10, puis en introduisant la partie basse 21 dans le trou 10, vers le bas, jusqu'à ce que la partie tronconique 210 viennent coopérer avec le chanfrein 12.In practice, the support equipment according to the invention is assembled by presenting each pin 2 above the corresponding transverse hole 10, then by introducing the lower part 21 into the hole 10, downwards, until the frustoconical part 210 come to cooperate with chamfer 12.
La partie haute 22 de chaque pion 2 comporte une base 220 en forme de jupe qui repose sur la surface supérieure 11 de la plaque de support 1, et un élément de guidage central et allongé 221 s'étendant perpendiculairement à la plaque de support 1 et à la base 220 depuis l'extrémité supérieure de la base 220, suivant un axe de symétrie AS1 du pion 2.The upper part 22 of each pin 2 has a skirt-shaped base 220 which rests on the upper surface 11 of the support plate 1, and a central and elongate guide element 221 extending perpendicular to the support plate 1 and at base 220 from the upper end of base 220, along an axis of symmetry AS1 of pin 2.
La base 220 est cylindrique en partie inférieure, et tronconique en partie supérieure. Elle comprend, en outre, un evidement dans lequel est logé un élément en céramique 23 se présentant sous la forme d'une pastille annulaire ayant une surface supérieure tronconique 230. La pastille en céramique 23 est plus particulièrement sertie à la base 220, par coopération entre un chanfrein pratiqué sur l'arête externe supérieure de la pastille 23 et une saillie 222 d'un bord annulaire 223 de la base 220. La pastille en céramique 23 peut néanmoins être montée différemment dans l'évidement de la base 220. Elle peut par exemple être simplement posée dans cet evidement, sans être sertie ni fixée d'une autre manière, afin de faciliter son remplacement en cas de cassure. Elle peut également être posée dans l'évidement et retenue dans celui-ci simplement par un ou plusieurs point(s) de soudure ou de brasure 224 formé(s) sur ou à proximité d'un bord supérieur de l'évidement, comme illustré à la figure 3.The base 220 is cylindrical in the lower part, and frustoconical in the upper part. It further comprises a recess in which is housed a ceramic element 23 which is in the form of an annular pellet having a frustoconical upper surface 230. The ceramic pellet 23 is more particularly set at the base 220, by cooperation between a chamfer made on the upper external edge of the pad 23 and a projection 222 of an annular edge 223 of the base 220. The ceramic pad 23 can nevertheless be mounted differently in the recess of the base 220. It can for example be simply placed in this recess, without being crimped or fixed in any other way, in order to facilitate its replacement in the event of breakage. It can also be placed in the recess and retained therein simply by one or more weld or solder point (s) 224 formed on or near an upper edge of the recess, as illustrated in Figure 3.
La surface supérieure tronconique 230 de la pastille en céramique 23 affleure au niveau de la face supérieure de la base 220, de sorte qu'elle peut sentir de surface de support, et est agencée pour que le sommet (non représenté) du cône défini par cette surface soit dirigé vers l'extrémité supérieure du pion 2, le long de l'axe AS1.The frusto-conical upper surface 230 of the ceramic pad 23 is flush with the upper face of the base 220, so that it can feel a support surface, and is arranged so that the apex (not shown) of the cone defined by this surface is directed towards the upper end of pin 2, along the axis AS1.
L'élément de guidage 221 comprend une tige 225 terminée, à son extrémité supérieure, opposée à la base 220, par une tête 226. La forme de la tête 226 est choisie pour permettre un guidage efficace lors du positionnement d'une pièce à traiter sur le pion 2. Typiquement, la tête 226 a une forme d'obus ou d'ogive, de préférence une forme d'ogive comme illustré sur les figures. De préférence, l'extrémité supérieure 226a de la tête 226 est arrondie plutôt que pointue. Avantageusement, le diamètre de la tige 225 est inférieur à celui de la tête 226. Lors de l'utilisation de l'équipement de support selon l'invention dans un four de traitement thermique, tel qu'un réacteur à cémentation, des dilatations différentielles se produisent entre les corps respectifs 20 des pions 2 et la plaque de support 1 lorsque ces éléments ne sont pas conçus dans le même matériau. Il peut en résulter une désolidarisation de la liaison entre les pions 2 et la plaque de support 1.The guide element 221 comprises a rod 225 terminated, at its upper end, opposite the base 220, by a head 226. The shape of the head 226 is chosen to allow effective guidance when positioning a workpiece on the pin 2. Typically, the head 226 has a shell or warhead shape, preferably a warhead shape as illustrated in the figures. Preferably, the upper end 226a of the head 226 is rounded rather than pointed. Advantageously, the diameter of the rod 225 is less than that of the head 226. When using the support equipment according to the invention in a heat treatment furnace, such as a cementation reactor, differential expansions occur between the respective bodies 20 of the pins 2 and the support plate 1 when these elements are not made of the same material. This may result in separation of the connection between the pins 2 and the support plate 1.
Afin de remédier à ce problème, chaque pion 2 est agencé par rapport à la plaque 1 de façon que le point d'intersection, désigné à la figure 1 par le repère O, entre l'axe de symétrie AS1 du pion 2 et le plan géométrique défini par la surface supérieure 11 de la plaque 1 soit sensiblement confondu avec le sommet du cône défini par la surface externe (en contact avec le chanfrein 12) de la partie tronconique mince 210. En outre, un léger jeu 211 peut être prévu entre la face externe de la partie basse saillante 21 de chaque pion 2 et la face interne du trou 10 correspondant. De façon comparable, les dilatations différentielles entre la pastille en céramique 23 et le corps métallique 20 de chaque pion 2 peuvent être absorbées par un léger jeu latéral 231 entre les faces intérieure et/ou extérieure de la pastille 23 et la ou les parois correspondantes de l'évidement annulaire du corps 20.In order to remedy this problem, each pin 2 is arranged relative to the plate 1 so that the point of intersection, designated in FIG. 1 by the mark O, between the axis of symmetry AS1 of the pin 2 and the plane geometric defined by the upper surface 11 of the plate 1 is substantially coincident with the top of the cone defined by the external surface (in contact with the chamfer 12) of the thin frustoconical part 210. In addition, a slight clearance 211 can be provided between the outer face of the projecting lower part 21 of each pin 2 and the inner face of the corresponding hole 10. In a comparable manner, the differential expansions between the ceramic pad 23 and the metallic body 20 of each pin 2 can be absorbed by a slight lateral clearance 231 between the inner and / or outer faces of the pad 23 and the corresponding wall or walls of the annular recess of the body 20.
En référence à la figure 2, une pièce métallique annulaire 3 à traiter thermiquement, telle qu'un pignon, est placée à plat sur un groupe de trois pions 2 de façon à venir en appui sur les surfaces tronconiques en céramique 230 des pions 2. Par l'expression « à plat », on entend que l'axe de symétrie (désigné par le repère AS2) de la pièce annulaire 3 est perpendiculaire à la plaque de support 1 ou, en d'autres termes, parallèle à l'axe de symétrie AS1 de chaque pion 2.With reference to FIG. 2, an annular metal part 3 to be heat treated, such as a pinion, is placed flat on a group of three pins 2 so as to come to bear on the frustoconical ceramic surfaces 230 of the pins 2. By the expression "flat" is meant that the axis of symmetry (designated by the reference AS2) of the annular part 3 is perpendicular to the support plate 1 or, in other words, parallel to the axis of symmetry AS1 of each pawn 2.
Du fait des formes respectives annulaire et tronconique de la pièce 3 et de la surface de support en céramique 230 de chaque pion 2, et de la position des pions 2 par rapport à la pièce 3, le contact entre la pièce 3 et chacune des surfaces de support en céramique 230 est ponctuel. La pièce 3 est ainsi supportée par l'équipement de support 1, 2 selon l'invention en trois points discrets A, B et C.Due to the respective annular and frustoconical shapes of the part 3 and the ceramic support surface 230 of each pin 2, and the position of the pins 2 relative to the part 3, the contact between the part 3 and each of the surfaces of ceramic support 230 is punctual. The part 3 is thus supported by the support equipment 1, 2 according to the invention at three discrete points A, B and C.
Comme montré à la figure 2, les éléments de guidage 221 s'inscrivent à l'intérieur de la surface interne 30 de la pièce 3 et sont éloignés de cette surface interne, c'est-à-dire qu'ils n'entrent à aucun endroit en contact avec la pièce 3. Grâce à l'inclinaison des surfaces de support 230, la pièce 3 est bien maintenue sur les pions 2 sous l'effet de la gravitation. En particulier, la pièce 3 ne peut se déplacer latéralement pour venir en contact avec les éléments de guidage 221.As shown in FIG. 2, the guide elements 221 are inscribed inside the internal surface 30 of the part 3 and are distant from this internal surface, that is to say that they do not enter no place in contact with the part 3. Thanks to the inclination of the surfaces of support 230, the part 3 is well maintained on the pins 2 under the effect of gravitation. In particular, the part 3 cannot move laterally to come into contact with the guide elements 221.
La mise en place de la pièce 3 sur les pions 2 est de préférence effectuée au moyen d'un robot, lequel place la pièce 3 au-dessus des pions 2 puis la lâche pour qu'elle tombe sur ces derniers. Lors de sa chute en direction des surfaces de support en céramique 230, la pièce 3 est guidée par les têtes respectives 226 en forme d'ogive des éléments de guidage 221. Du fait de la différence de diamètre entre les tiges 225 et les têtes 226 (les tiges 225 sont moins larges que les têtes 226), la pièce 3, après avoir été guidée par les têtes 226, n'est plus en contact avec les éléments de guidage 221. Ceci facilite la chute de la pièce 3 vers les surfaces de support 230.The positioning of the part 3 on the pins 2 is preferably carried out by means of a robot, which places the part 3 above the pins 2 and then releases it so that it falls on the latter. When it falls towards the ceramic support surfaces 230, the part 3 is guided by the respective heads 226 in the form of an ogive of the guide elements 221. Due to the difference in diameter between the rods 225 and the heads 226 (the rods 225 are narrower than the heads 226), the part 3, after having been guided by the heads 226, is no longer in contact with the guide elements 221. This facilitates the fall of the part 3 towards the surfaces support 230.
Le fait que la pastille en céramique 23 de chaque pion 2 soit enchâssée dans le corps métallique 20, c'est-à-dire soit montée dans un evidement du corps 20, augmente la résistance aux chocs de la pastille 23. Dès lors, le risque de cassure de la céramique lorsque la pièce 3 arrive au contact des pions 2 est réduit. De préférence, afin d'accroître encore la résistance de l'élément 23, ce dernier est conçu en mullite. Après mise en place de la pièce métallique 3 sur les pions 2, l'ensemble constitué par l'équipement de support 1, 2 et la pièce 3 est placé dans un four tel qu'un réacteur à cémentation (non représenté), où la pièce 3 subit un traitement thermique. A l'issue de ce traitement, la pièce 3 pourra être retirée sans difficulté de l'équipement de support 1, 2 puisque, grâce à la matière céramique constituant les surfaces de support 230 en contact direct avec la pièce métallique 3, la pièce 3 et les pions 2 ne seront pas collés l'un à l'autre.The fact that the ceramic pad 23 of each pin 2 is embedded in the metal body 20, that is to say is mounted in a recess of the body 20, increases the impact resistance of the pad 23. Therefore, the risk of ceramic breakage when the part 3 comes into contact with the pins 2 is reduced. Preferably, in order to further increase the resistance of the element 23, the latter is designed in mullite. After placing the metal part 3 on the pins 2, the assembly constituted by the support equipment 1, 2 and the part 3 is placed in an oven such as a carburizing reactor (not shown), where the part 3 undergoes heat treatment. At the end of this treatment, the part 3 can be removed without difficulty from the support equipment 1, 2 since, thanks to the ceramic material constituting the support surfaces 230 in direct contact with the metal part 3, the part 3 and pawns 2 will not be glued to each other.
Dans l'agencement illustré aux figures 1 et 2, la pièce annulaire 3 et les pions 2 sont disposés de telle sorte que les éléments de guidage 21 s'inscrivent dans l'espace vide central de la pièce 3 délimité par la surface annulaire intérieure de celle-ci. Toutefois, d'autres configurations sont possibles. Par exemple, en référence à la figure 4, les pions 2 peuvent être agencés pour que les éléments de guidage 221 se trouvent au-delà de la face annulaire extérieure de la pièce 3. Dans ce cas, la pièce 3 n'est pas nécessairement annulaire, mais peut être également cylindrique.In the arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the annular part 3 and the pins 2 are arranged so that the guide elements 21 fit into the central empty space of the part 3 delimited by the inner annular surface of it. However, other configurations are possible. For example, with reference to FIG. 4, the pins 2 can be arranged so that the guide elements 221 are located beyond the outer annular face of the part 3. In this case, the part 3 is not necessarily annular, but can also be cylindrical.
La figure 5 montre, également à titre d'exemple, des pions de support 2 selon l'invention supportant une pièce verticale allongée 4 en forme de piston. Bien que seulement deux pions 2 soient représentés à la figure 5, on en utilise au moins trois pour assurer un bon maintien de la pièce 4.FIG. 5 shows, also by way of example, support pins 2 according to the invention supporting an elongated vertical part 4 in the shape of a piston. Although only two pins 2 are shown in FIG. 5, at least three are used to ensure good maintenance of the part 4.
La figure 6 montre un autre type de configuration, dans lequel chaque pion 2 supporte complètement, et non plus en partie seulement comme dans les agencements des figures 1 à 5, une pièce métallique annulaire 5. L'axe de symétrie de la pièce annulaire 5 est ainsi confondu avec l'axe AS1 du pion 2.FIG. 6 shows another type of configuration, in which each pin 2 fully supports, and no longer only partially as in the arrangements of FIGS. 1 to 5, an annular metal part 5. The axis of symmetry of the annular part 5 is thus confused with the axis AS1 of pin 2.
La figure 7 montre un pion 2 selon l'invention supportant complètement une pièce 6 en forme de piston comportant une partie inférieure annulaire 60. Lorsque les pions 2 sont destinés à un usage tel qu'illustré aux figures 6 et 7, il peut être envisagé de conformer leurs surfaces de support en céramique 230 de manière à assurer un contact entre chaque pion 2 et la pièce 5, 6 correspondante en des points discrets uniquement.FIG. 7 shows a pin 2 according to the invention completely supporting a part 6 in the form of a piston comprising an annular lower part 60. When the pins 2 are intended for a use as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be envisaged to conform their ceramic support surfaces 230 so as to ensure contact between each pin 2 and the corresponding part 5, 6 at discrete points only.
A titre d'exemple, chaque surface de support en céramique 230 peut comporter des légers bossages en des endroits destinés à définir des points de contact avec la pièce 5, 6.By way of example, each ceramic support surface 230 may include slight bosses in places intended to define points of contact with the part 5, 6.
De manière générale, l'homme du métier comprendra que l'invention n'est pas limitée à une forme particulière pour les surfaces de support en céramique 230, et qu'il existe de nombreuses manières de conformer ces surfaces pour qu'elles assurent chacune un contact seulement en un ou plusieurs points discrets avec une pièce annulaire lorsqu'une telle pièce annulaire repose à plat, complètement ou en partie, sur le pion correspondant.Generally, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention is not limited to a particular shape for the ceramic support surfaces 230, and that there are many ways of shaping these surfaces so that they each provide contact only at one or more discrete points with an annular part when such an annular part rests flat, completely or in part, on the corresponding pin.
La figure 8 montre, à titre d'exemple, un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel chaque pion 2' (un seul pion 2' est représenté à la figure 8) présente une surface de support en céramiqueFigure 8 shows, by way of example, a second embodiment of the invention, in which each 2 'pin (only one 2' pin is shown in Figure 8) has a ceramic support surface
230' en forme de partie de surface sphérique.230 'in the form of a spherical surface part.
Dans tous les exemples décrits ci-dessus, les pièces à traiter reposent sur des surfaces en céramique situées sur les bases des pions 2, 2'. Les figures 9 et 10 représentent respectivement des pions de support 7 et 8 selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Les pions 7, 8 diffèrent des pions 2, 2' essentiellement en ce que leur élément en céramique est enchâssé dans la tête de l'élément de guidage, plutôt que dans la base du corps métallique (cf. les repères 70 et 80). L'élément en céramique 70 (respectivement 80) présente une surface de support arrondie 71 (respectivement 81) sur laquelle peut venir reposer une pièce. Avantageusement, les éléments en céramique 70 et 80 sont simplement posés, sans être fixés, dans un evidement de la tête de l'élément de guidage, afin qu'ils puissent être remplacés facilement en cas de cassure. En variante, ils peuvent néanmoins être sertis dans l'évidement ou bloqués par un ou plusieurs points de soudure de façon comparable à l'exemple de la figure 3.In all the examples described above, the parts to be treated rest on ceramic surfaces located on the bases of the pins 2, 2 '. Figures 9 and 10 show support pins 7 and 8 respectively according to a third embodiment of the invention. The pins 7, 8 differ from the pins 2, 2 'essentially in that their ceramic element is embedded in the head of the guide element, rather than in the base of the metal body (cf. marks 70 and 80). The ceramic element 70 (respectively 80) has a rounded support surface 71 (respectively 81) on which a piece can come to rest. Advantageously, the ceramic elements 70 and 80 are simply placed, without being fixed, in a recess in the head of the guide element, so that they can be replaced easily in the event of breakage. As a variant, they can nevertheless be crimped into the recess or blocked by one or more welding points in a manner comparable to the example in FIG. 3.
Les pions 7, 8 peuvent être utilisés, par exemple, comme illustré à la figure 11. Dans l'agencement de la figure 11, un groupe de trois pions de support du type des pions 7 ou 8 supporte, en trois points de contact, une pièce métallique 72 ayant une partie inférieure annulaire et une partie supérieure cylindrique pleine. Le contact entre la pièce 72 et les pions 7 ou 8 s'effectue entre une surface métallique d'appui 73 de la pièce 72 et la surface en céramique 71 ou 81 de chaque pion. Comme dans les modes de réalisation précédents, la mise en place de la pièce 72 sur les pions 7 ou 8 est facilitée par les éléments de guidage.Pawns 7, 8 can be used, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 11. In the arrangement of FIG. 11, a group of three support pawns of the type of pawns 7 or 8 supports, at three points of contact, a metal part 72 having an annular lower part and a solid cylindrical upper part. The contact between the part 72 and the pins 7 or 8 takes place between a metal bearing surface 73 of the part 72 and the ceramic surface 71 or 81 of each pin. As in the previous embodiments, the positioning of the part 72 on the pins 7 or 8 is facilitated by the guide elements.
La figure 12 illustre un pion de support 9 selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Le pion 9 est constitué d'un corps métallique 90 et d'une couche de revêtement céramique 91 recouvrant la tête d'un élément de guidage du corps métallique 90 et fixée à cette tête par exemple par collage ou brasage, comme représenté au niveau du repère 92. A la différence des pions précédemment décrits, l'élément en céramique 91 n'est pas enchâssé dans le corps métallique. Toutefois, le pion 9 peut également être utilisé pour supporter une pièce métallique à traiter thermiquement, telle qu'une pièce en acier à cémenter, par exemple de la manière illustrée à la figure 11 pour les pions 7, 8. FIG. 12 illustrates a support pin 9 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. The pin 9 consists of a metal body 90 and a ceramic coating layer 91 covering the head of a guide element of the metal body 90 and fixed to this head for example by gluing or brazing, as shown at the level of the reference 92. Unlike the previously described pins, the ceramic element 91 is not embedded in the metal body. However, the pin 9 can also be used to support a metal part to be heat treated, such as a steel part to be cemented, for example in the manner illustrated in FIG. 11 for the pins 7, 8.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Support (2) destiné à supporter, au moins en partie, une pièce (3) lors d'un traitement thermique de ladite pièce, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un élément de guidage (221) permettant de guider la pièce (3) vers une surface ou partie de surface de support (230) du support (2) lors de sa mise en place sur le support (2).1. Support (2) intended to support, at least in part, a part (3) during a heat treatment of said part, characterized in that it comprises a guide element (221) making it possible to guide the part ( 3) to a surface or part of the support surface (230) of the support (2) when it is placed on the support (2).
2. Support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de guidage (221) consiste en un élément allongé s'étendant depuis une base (220) du support (2) sensiblement perpendiculairement à cette base (220) et comportant une partie d'extrémité, opposée à la base (220), en forme d'ogive (226).2. Support according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide element (221) consists of an elongated element extending from a base (220) of the support (2) substantially perpendicular to this base (220) and comprising a end part, opposite the base (220), in the form of a warhead (226).
3. Support selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de guidage (221) comprend une tige (225) terminée par une tête (226), la tête constituant ladite partie d'extrémité en forme d'ogive.3. Support according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide element (221) comprises a rod (225) terminated by a head (226), the head constituting said end portion in the form of a warhead.
4. Support selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la tige (225) a un diamètre inférieur à celui de la tête (226).4. Support according to claim 3, characterized in that the rod (225) has a diameter less than that of the head (226).
5. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité (226a) de l'élément de guidage (221) opposée à la base (220) est arrondie.5. Support according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the end (226a) of the guide element (221) opposite the base (220) is rounded.
6. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un corps métallique (20) et un élément en céramique (23 ; 70 ; 80) enchâssé dans le corps métallique et définissant ladite surface de support (230 ; 71 ; 81).6. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a metal body (20) and a ceramic element (23; 70; 80) embedded in the metal body and defining said support surface (230; 71; 81).
7. Support selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite céramique consiste en de la mullite.7. Support according to claim 6, characterized in that said ceramic consists of mullite.
8. Support selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en céramique (23) est serti dans le corps métallique (20). 8. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the ceramic element (23) is crimped in the metal body (20).
9. Support selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en céramique (23) est posé dans un evidement du corps métallique (20) et est retenu dans cet evidement par un ou plusieurs point(s) de soudure ou de brasure (224) formé(s) sur ou à proximité d'un bord supérieur de l'évidement.9. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the ceramic element (23) is placed in a recess of the metallic body (20) and is retained in this recess by one or more welding point (s) or of solder (224) formed on or near an upper edge of the recess.
10. Support selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en céramique (70 ; 80) est simplement posé dans un evidement du corps métallique (20).10. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the ceramic element (70; 80) is simply placed in a recess of the metal body (20).
11. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en céramique (23 ; 70, 80) est enchâssé dans le corps métallique (20) avec un jeu (231) permettant à l'élément en céramique et au corps métallique de se dilater librement.11. Support according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the ceramic element (23; 70, 80) is embedded in the metal body (20) with a clearance (231) allowing the element ceramic and metal body to expand freely.
12. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de guidage (221) fait partie du corps métallique (20).12. Support according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the guide element (221) is part of the metal body (20).
13. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 12 lorsqu'elle dépend au moins de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la base (220) du support fait partie du corps métallique (20), et en ce que l'élément en céramique (23) est enchâssé dans cette base (220).13. Support according to any one of claims 6 to 12 when it depends at least on claim 2, characterized in that the base (220) of the support is part of the metal body (20), and in that the ceramic element (23) is embedded in this base (220).
14. Support selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en céramique (23) consiste en une pièce annulaire ayant un axe de symétrie (AS1) commun avec l'élément de guidage (221).14. Support according to claim 13, characterized in that the ceramic element (23) consists of an annular part having an axis of symmetry (AS1) common with the guide element (221).
15. Support selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que la surface de support (230) est conformée pour assurer un contact seulement en un ou plusieurs points discrets avec une pièce annulaire (3 ; 5) lorsqu'une telle pièce annulaire repose, au moins en partie, à plat sur le support. 15. Support according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the support surface (230) is shaped to ensure contact only at one or more discrete points with an annular part (3; 5) when such an annular part rests , at least in part, flat on the support.
16. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la surface de support (230) est inclinée, ou comporte une partie inclinée, de manière à empêcher un mouvement latéral de la pièce (3 ; 5) lorsque celle-ci repose, au moins en partie, à plat sur le support (2).16. Support according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the support surface (230) is inclined, or has an inclined part, so as to prevent lateral movement of the part (3; 5) when this rests, at least in part, flat on the support (2).
17. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que la surface de support (230) a une forme tronconique.17. Support according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the support surface (230) has a frustoconical shape.
18. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que la surface de support est sous la forme d'une partie de surface sphérique (2301).18. Support according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the support surface is in the form of a spherical surface part (230 1 ).
19. Support selon la revendication 12 lorsqu'elle dépend au moins de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en céramique (70 ; 80) est enchâssé dans la partie d'extrémité (226) de l'élément de guidage (221).19. Support according to claim 12 when it depends at least on claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic element (70; 80) is embedded in the end part (226) of the guide element ( 221).
20. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente sous la forme générale d'un pion.20. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is in the general form of a pawn.
21. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens (21) de fixation à une plaque de support (1).21. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it further comprises means (21) for fixing to a support plate (1).
22. Support selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation comprennent une saillie (21) du support, destinée à être introduite dans un trou traversier correspondant (10) de la plaque de support (1), depuis une première extrémité de ce trou, et comprenant une partie tronconique mince (210) apte à coopérer avec un chanfrein (12) prévu à une seconde extrémité, opposée à la première, du trou traversier (10).22. Support according to claim 21, characterized in that the fixing means comprise a projection (21) of the support, intended to be introduced into a corresponding transverse hole (10) of the support plate (1), from a first end of this hole, and comprising a thin frustoconical part (210) able to cooperate with a chamfer (12) provided at a second end, opposite to the first, of the transverse hole (10).
23. Equipement de support comprenant une plaque de support (1) et au moins un support (2) tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21, monté sur la plaque de support (1).23. Support equipment comprising a support plate (1) and at least one support (2) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21, mounted on the support plate (1).
24. Equipement de support selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de support est conçue en un matériau composite thermostructural.24. Support equipment according to claim 23, characterized in that the support plate is made of a thermostructural composite material.
25. Equipement de support selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de support est conçue en un matériau composite carbone-carbone.25. Support equipment according to claim 23, characterized in that the support plate is made of a carbon-carbon composite material.
26. Equipement de support selon la revendication 24 ou 25, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque support (2) est monté sur la plaque de support (1) par sertissage.26. Support equipment according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the or each support (2) is mounted on the support plate (1) by crimping.
27. Equipement de support selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque support (2) est monté sur la plaque de support (1) avec un jeu (211).27. Support equipment according to claim 26, characterized in that the or each support (2) is mounted on the support plate (1) with a clearance (211).
28. Equipement de support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 23 à 27, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque support (2) comprend une saillie (21) se terminant par une partie tronconique mince (210), et la plaque de support (1) comprend au moins un trou traversier (10) recevant la saillie (21) du support (2) ou d'un support (2) correspondant et ayant un chanfrein (12) qui coopère avec la partie tronconique mince (210) pour maintenir la saillie (21) dans le trou traversier (10).28. Support equipment according to any one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that the or each support (2) comprises a projection (21) ending in a thin frustoconical part (210), and the support plate ( 1) comprises at least one transverse hole (10) receiving the projection (21) of the support (2) or of a corresponding support (2) and having a chamfer (12) which cooperates with the thin frustoconical part (210) to maintain the projection (21) in the transverse hole (10).
29. Equipement de support selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que le point d'intersection (O) entre un axe de symétrie (ASl) du ou de chaque support (2) et le plan d'une surface (11) de la plaque de support (1) recevant le ou chaque support (2) est sensiblement confondu avec le sommet du cône défini par une surface externe de la partie tronconique mince (210). 29. Support equipment according to claim 28, characterized in that the point of intersection (O) between an axis of symmetry (ASl) of the or each support (2) and the plane of a surface (11) of the support plate (1) receiving the or each support (2) is substantially coincident with the apex of the cone defined by an external surface of the thin frustoconical part (210).
30. Equipement de support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 23 à 29, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un groupe de trois supports (2) disposés en triangle.30. Support equipment according to any one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that it comprises at least one group of three supports (2) arranged in a triangle.
31. Utilisation d'un support (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 19 pour supporter une pièce métallique (3 ; 5) lors d'un traitement thermique de ladite pièce.31. Use of a support (2) according to any one of claims 6 to 19 to support a metal part (3; 5) during a heat treatment of said part.
32. Utilisation selon la revendication 31, caractérisée en ce que la pièce métallique (3) est une pièce en acier et le traitement thermique consiste en une cémentation de la pièce en acier.32. Use according to claim 31, characterized in that the metal part (3) is a steel part and the heat treatment consists in carburizing the steel part.
33. Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce métallique (3), caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise, pour supporter ladite pièce, au moins un support (2) ayant une surface en céramique (230) sur laquelle repose, au moins en partie, ladite pièce.33. A method of heat treatment of a metal part (3), characterized in that one uses, to support said part, at least one support (2) having a ceramic surface (230) on which rests, at least in part, said part.
34. Procédé selon la revendication 33, caractérisé en ce que ladite céramique consiste en de la mullite.34. Method according to claim 33, characterized in that said ceramic consists of mullite.
35. Procédé selon la revendication 33 ou 34, caractérisé en ce que la pièce métallique (3) est en contact avec la surface en céramique (230) seulement en un ou plusieurs points discrets.35. Method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the metal part (3) is in contact with the ceramic surface (230) only at one or more discrete points.
36. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 33 à 35, caractérisé en ce que la pièce métallique est une pièce en acier, et le traitement thermique consiste en une cémentation de la pièce en acier. 36. Method according to any one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that the metal part is a steel part, and the heat treatment consists in carburizing the steel part.
EP01995793A 2000-12-28 2001-12-26 Support for parts to be heat treated in a furnace, and a heat treatment method for metal parts Expired - Lifetime EP1356247B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR0017168 2000-12-28
FR0017168A FR2819047B1 (en) 2000-12-28 2000-12-28 MEDIUM SUITABLE FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF A METAL PART AND A METHOD OF HEAT TREATMENT
PCT/FR2001/004197 WO2002053997A1 (en) 2000-12-28 2001-12-26 Support for parts to be heat treated in a furnace, and a heat treatment method for metal parts

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JP2004535512A (en) 2004-11-25
WO2002053997A1 (en) 2002-07-11
EP1356247B1 (en) 2005-03-02
ATE290196T1 (en) 2005-03-15
KR20030067721A (en) 2003-08-14
ES2234931T3 (en) 2005-07-01
FR2819047A1 (en) 2002-07-05
US6939131B2 (en) 2005-09-06
DE60109211T2 (en) 2006-02-16
FR2819047B1 (en) 2003-06-27
DE60109211D1 (en) 2005-04-07
US20050100852A1 (en) 2005-05-12

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