EP1351104A1 - Device with program wheel for perpetual calendar mechanism, and timepiece provided with such a mechanism - Google Patents

Device with program wheel for perpetual calendar mechanism, and timepiece provided with such a mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1351104A1
EP1351104A1 EP02076289A EP02076289A EP1351104A1 EP 1351104 A1 EP1351104 A1 EP 1351104A1 EP 02076289 A EP02076289 A EP 02076289A EP 02076289 A EP02076289 A EP 02076289A EP 1351104 A1 EP1351104 A1 EP 1351104A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
teeth
tooth
program
retractable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02076289A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1351104B1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Oechslin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ulysse Nardin SA
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Ulysse Nardin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ulysse Nardin SA filed Critical Ulysse Nardin SA
Priority to DE60230011T priority Critical patent/DE60230011D1/en
Priority to EP02076289A priority patent/EP1351104B1/en
Priority to AT02076289T priority patent/ATE415648T1/en
Priority to CH00588/03A priority patent/CH696861A5/en
Publication of EP1351104A1 publication Critical patent/EP1351104A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1351104B1 publication Critical patent/EP1351104B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/247—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator disc-shaped
    • G04B19/253—Driving or releasing mechanisms
    • G04B19/25333—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement
    • G04B19/25353—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement
    • G04B19/2536—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement automatically corrected at the end of months having less than 31 days

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 shows a perpetual calendar watch as described in the aforementioned Swiss patent, to which the reader can refer for more details.
  • This drawing represents not only the appearance of the watch seen from above, but also the calendar cogs allowing to display the complete date in watch face windows.
  • this watch includes a date display 3 appearing in a window 4. It also includes a display of the day of week 5, of month 6 and of the last two digits of the year 7, in respective counters arranged in a dial 8 comprising indexes 9.
  • the entire calendar mechanism is hidden behind dial 8, but it is shown in transparent view in the Figure 1 to simplify the presentation.
  • the perpetual calendar mechanism is driven by an hour wheel 11 linked to the hour hand 1. It mainly comprises a wheel of twenty-four 13 hours, going around in twenty-four hours, and a program wheel 14 doing one round per month. This program wheel can directly carry the ring on which are affixed the dates 3 appearing in the window 4.
  • the twenty-four hour wheel 13 has a toothing with twenty-four teeth 15 which mesh with the twelve teeth of the hour wheel 11. It comprises besides a finger that causes the display of the day of week 5, in a way that will not not described here.
  • the program wheel 14 is a mechanical assembly driven once a day by the twenty-four hour wheel 13 and arranged to do one revolution per month what whatever the length of the month. It is coaxial with a fixed wheel 16 and it comprises a main board 17 having an external toothing with 31 teeth, maintained in position by a jumper spring 18. The teeth 15 of the wheel 13 have one more tooth long which engages on board 17 to advance it one step at the end of each month.
  • the program wheel 14 also includes a second board 19 having an additional finger to drive, once a month, a pinion 20 which part of a cog represented in FIG. 1, but not described in detail, in order to actuate display of 6 months and 7 years.
  • the program wheel 14 advances by one, two or three steps additional at the end of months of less than 31 days, it includes a set satellite wheels which are rotatable on the board 17 and are driven in rotation by meshing on the fixed wheel 16 during the rotation of the program wheel.
  • Three of these satellite wheels, bearing the references 22, 23 and 24 in FIG. 1 have one or more teeth longer than the others, which emerge temporarily at the periphery of the program wheel and are retracted towards indoors the rest of the time.
  • these retractable teeth emerge at the periphery, they can be attacked by three additional teeth of the wheel of twenty-four 13 hours to generate the additional steps of program wheel 14 at the end of a month of less than 31 days.
  • An object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by reducing the number of levels of program wheel components.
  • the present invention aims to create wheels of program whose movable elements with retractable teeth can be relatively simple and take up little space.
  • An additional aim consists in realizing the control mechanism of the movable elements in the form of toothed wheels having also tooth modules as large as possible, in order to be more robust and less expensive to manufacture.
  • the invention relates to a wheeled program device of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that said movable element is an element sliding, mounted on the program wheel board so that slide between its active position and its inactive position.
  • Such a sliding element can replace one of the toothed wheels retractable from the prior art, which allows it to be juxtaposed with another of said wheels and thus decrease the total thickness of the program wheel.
  • control mechanism has cam surfaces located on a satellite wheel and arranged to bear against an edge of the element sliding to determine the respective positions of this edge in the two sliding element positions. This allows the sliding element to be positioned without resort to a spring.
  • the program wheel 200 is mounted on a plate 201 so as to rotate around a fixed axis 202 provided with a fixed wheel 203 with seven teeth. It includes a main board 204 with external teeth thirty-one teeth 205 evenly distributed.
  • the program wheel has a second board 206 provided with teeth to drive a ring of dates not shown, immobilized in a conventional manner by a jumper which has also to immobilize the program wheel. Otherwise, the ring of date could be secured to plate 204, since the latter advances by one step per day and do one tour per month, as will be explained later.
  • Plate 206 can also drive the pinion 20 shown in Figure 1.
  • the plate 201 further carries, by a fixed axis 207, the twenty-four wheel hours 13 with twenty-four teeth teeth 23 short teeth 15 and a long tooth 208.
  • the hour wheel 11 described with reference to FIG. 1 engages on this toothing and thus continuously drives the wheel 13 at the rate of one revolution per day.
  • the teeth 15 are too short to touch the teeth 205 of the wheel. program.
  • the long tooth 208 is able to mesh with the teeth 205 to rotate the program wheel one step from the toothing of the board 204, i.e. 1/31 of a turn, corresponding to the passage to the next day on the date ring. This one-step advance occurs every day at midnight.
  • the main board 204 of the program wheel carries three movable elements 210, 211 and 212 provided with teeth retractable, as well as a control mechanism 213 which positions these elements permanently and positively mobile.
  • These moving parts and the mechanism 213 are arranged on two levels, the elements of the lower level being drawn in bold line in FIG. 2 in order to clarify the drawing.
  • Fixed wheel 203 occupies both levels.
  • Element 210 is a wheel with twelve teeth called wheel of the months and turning around a stud 214 secured to the board 204.
  • the twelve teeth mesh on the fixed wheel 203; they include seven short teeth 216, corresponding to the months of thirty-one days, and five long teeth 217 corresponding to the shorter months.
  • the long teeth 217 can emerge around the periphery of the program wheel, superimposing on the teeth 205 of the board 204, then retracting inwards due to the fact that the diameter of their wheel 210 is smaller than that of the board 204.
  • Element 211 is a twelve-toothed wheel called a February wheel and turning around a stud 218 integral with stud 214, but of smaller diameter and off-center by relative to stud 214 in the circumferential direction of the program wheel.
  • the twelve teeth of the wheel 211 mesh with the fixed wheel 203; they include eleven short teeth 219 and a long tooth 220 which can emerge at the periphery of the wheel program, superimposed on a tooth 205 of the board 204, then retract inwards because the diameter of the wheel 211 is smaller than that of plate 204.
  • Element 212 is a sliding element provided with a retractable tooth 221 and called the leap element because its tooth is retracted on February 28 of leap years, but not February 28 of normal years. He is guided by three studs 222, 223 and 224 fixed to the board 204 and it has two spouts 225 and 226 which abut against studs 222 and 224 to define its active position, in which its tooth 221 emerges at the periphery of the program wheel, being superimposed on one teeth 205 of plate 204.
  • the command 213 has four satellite wheels 228, 229, 230 and 231 mounted rotary on board 204 and whose teeth are short enough not to emerge as much as the retractable teeth on the periphery of the program wheel.
  • Wheel 228 has twelve teeth 232 which mesh on the fixed wheel 203.
  • the wheel 229 is integral of the wheel 228 and has a tooth 233 between two recesses 234, with a bearing circular 235 on the rest of its periphery.
  • the wheel 230 has eight teeth 236 which mesh in the recesses 234, then slide on the circular surface 235 so that the wheel 230 is locked during the rest of the rotation of the wheel 229.
  • the wheel 231 has eight teeth which mesh on the wheel 230, namely three long teeth 238, spaced apart angularly 90 degrees, and five short teeth 239.
  • Teeth 238 and 239 play the role of cam surfaces by pressing against a rear edge 240 of the element sliding 212 to push it more or less far towards the periphery of the wheel program.
  • the element 212 When a long tooth 238 presses against the edge 240, the element 212 is kept in its active position shown in Figure 2. But if it is one of short teeth 239 which faces this edge, the element 212 can move back as is will describe later, up to its inactive position in which its tooth 221 is retracted.
  • each of the retractable teeth 217, 220 and 221 is disposed so that its active position, when the tooth emerges at the periphery of the wheel program, is located above one of the teeth 205 of the board 204.
  • they can have the same profile as teeth 205.
  • Each of the wheels 210, 211 and 228 meshing with the fixed wheel 203 performs 7/12 of a turn for a complete turn of the program wheel 200, carried out in one month. After a year, they have completed exactly seven laps and find themselves in the same position on the same date as the previous year. However, at the end of twelve months of the year, they have a different position each month and present so each time another tooth in front of the wheel 13.
  • the wheel 229 linked to the wheel 228 advances the wheels 230 and 231 by two steps, so a quarter turn, seven times a year.
  • the cam wheel 231 therefore has a quarter turn difference between February 28 of one year and that of the following year.
  • its long teeth 238 have the leap element sliding 212 into its active position three years in a row and let it return to retracted position the fourth year of the Julian cycle.
  • the wheel 13 has three additional teeth 241, 242 and 243 located higher than its teeth 15 and 208, so as not to touch the teeth 205 of the program wheel 200, but mesh respectively on the retractable teeth 221, 220 and 217 when these emerge on the periphery of the program wheel opposite wheel 13.
  • the teeth 241, 242 and 243 have the same length as the long tooth 208 and are each superimposed on one of the three short teeth 205 which precede this long tooth, to act just before the long tooth. They can therefore be united short teeth which they surmount, or fixed to the wheel 13 in the vicinity of these short teeth.
  • the tooth 241 is intended to drive the retractable tooth 221 of the element sliding leap 212 when the latter is in the active position opposite the wheel 13, the February 28 of normal years. This action takes place three hours before the action of tooth 208, so at around 9 p.m., and brings wheel 211 in front of wheel 13.
  • the tooth 242 is intended to drive the retractable tooth 220 of the wheel February 211 when tooth 220 is in the active position opposite wheel 13, at the end of February. This action takes place two hours before the action of tooth 208, so at about 22 hours, and brings the wheel 210 in front of the wheel 13.
  • the tooth 243 is intended to drive one of the five retractable teeth 217 of the wheel of months 210 when tooth 217 of the corresponding month (February, April, June, September, November) is in active position in front of wheel 13. This action takes place one hour before the action of tooth 208, therefore approximately 23 hours. Then, tooth 208 acts as every month on that of teeth 205 which is opposite wheel 13.
  • the program wheel 200 can be made with satellite wheels having a small number of teeth, so that the gears can have relatively large modules and fractions, which reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • This wheel is devoid of any return spring and operates without significant friction.
  • its structure presents a level of less as the program wheel 14 represented in FIG. 1.
  • this second sliding element could be positioned by a wheel mechanism satellites analogous to mechanism 213, putting this element in active position each year at the end of February thanks to a wheel similar to the cam wheel 231, but having four long teeth instead of three.
  • the display elements of the watch have conventional analog time indication devices, comprising a 41 minute hand and a 42 hour hand which rotate in front of a dial 43 carrying for example twelve fixed time markers (not shown). Needles 41 and 42 are conventionally driven by a clockwork movement to turn around the central axis of the watch. Well heard, we could still add a seconds hand in the center.
  • a calendar index 46 is driven by the watch movement of the shows so as to make a complete revolution in 28 days around the central axis of the hands 41 and 42, preferably clockwise, opposite a graduation of days 47 which is fixed on the dial 43.
  • the graduation 47 which extends all around the dial, is divided into twenty-eight equal sectors bearing the names of the days of four consecutive weeks.
  • Index 46 formed here by a central needle, can be driven either continuously or in steps of 1/28 of a turn in order to always be placed opposite from the middle of a sector of fixed graduation 47.
  • Dates 1 to 31 are distributed over respective sectors of two date discs 51 and 52, next to the graduation of days 47. Each sector with a calendar extends over 1/28 of a turn, so that it can be placed in exact match of a sector of the 47 days graduation.
  • the first disc of dates 51 carries a graduation 53 comprising the dates of a first part of the month, for example in this case the dates from 1 to 15 out of fifteen consecutive sectors.
  • the second date disc 52 carries a graduation 54 comprising the date of the second part of the month, that is to say in the case present from 16 to 31 in sixteen consecutive sectors.
  • the second disc 52 is located behind the first disc 51 and it has a larger diameter, so that its 54 graduation, arranged on a circular arc of larger radius than the graduation 53, is always visible along the periphery of the first disc 51 and that three sectors respective ends of the two graduations 53 and 54 can be juxtaposed, as seen in figure 4 for the dates 13 to 18.
  • the index 46 located opposite one of the sectors of graduation 47, bearing the name of this day, indicates at the same time the date being in correspondence of this sector. If the index was in an area where the two graduations 53 and 54 overlap (a circumstance that does not product not in the situation shown here), the observer should by convention read the calendar closest to the index, i.e. on the first graduation 53.
  • the perpetual calendar display includes a annular disc of months 56, bearing a graduation of months 57 composed of twelve sectors whose respective angles are proportional to the length of the months that they represent.
  • the disc 56 is driven by the clockwork movement so to follow the disc 48 and its index 46, but with a retrograde relative rotation for delay one turn per year.
  • Inside the disc 56 is an annular disc years 58 carrying a graduation 59 composed of ten equal sectors carrying the digits 0 to 9 of the units of the year.
  • the disc from the 58s is driven by the watch movement to follow index 46, but with a Retrograde relative rotation to delay by one turn in ten years compared to this index.
  • the index 46 indicates in an analog manner the current month on the graduation 57 and the last digit of the year on the scale 59, in addition to the day of the week and the calendar.
  • a central disc from the 60s is arranged concentrically in the center of the calendar display and carries an index from the 61s next to the graduation of the years 59.
  • the disc of the decades is trained so as to advance one turn in a hundred years compared to the disc of the years 58. Consequently, its index 61 indicates on the graduation 59 the tens digit of the current year. This can be reminded to the user by means of an inscription such as "x 10" on the index of the decades 61.
  • the watch movement driving the display organs shown in figure 4 can be any mechanical, electromechanical or electronic capable of operating an analog time display.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a calendar mechanism capable of to activate the display shown in Figure 4 from the clockwork movement of the analog watch, more precisely from a central hour wheel 99 which is attached to the 42 hour hand and which obviously goes around in twelve hours.
  • the numbers written in italics represent the numbers of teeth of the mobiles which will be described below.
  • the hour wheel 99 meshes with a wheel 101 having a pinion 102 which meshes with a wheel 103 having a pinion 104, which meshes with a wheel 105 integral with two other wheels 106 and 107.
  • Wheel 105 meshes with a wheel 108 fixed on a barrel 109 which surrounds the axes of the needles 41, 42 and which carries calendar index needle 46. With the numbers of teeth indicated in the FIG. 6, it is verified that the transmission ratio between the hour wheel 99 and index 46 is 1/56. As the 99 hour wheel turns twice a day, the index 46 completes a clockwise turn in exactly 28 days.
  • the wheel 107 meshes with a central wheel 110 secured to the disc of the 58 years.
  • the disc 58 is driven by the wheel 99 with a transmission ratio of 1 / 56.432432.
  • the disc from the 58s turns clockwise a little slower than index 46, relative to which it undergoes the shift of -1/10 of a turn during an average year (365.25 days) of the cycle Julian.
  • the wheel 106 meshes with a wheel 111 secured to the disc for decades 60.
  • the latter is driven by the 99 hour wheel with a ratio of 1/56388889. So, we notice that the disk of decades turns clockwise less faster than index 46, but slightly faster than the record from the 58s. average year, it undergoes a shift of +1/100 of a turn compared to disc 58. From so, the index of the decades 61 takes a hundred years to cover the entire graduation of 59 years and clearly indicates the decade on this scale.
  • a driving wheel 112 which meshes with a wheel 113 integral with a wheel 114, which meshes with a central wheel 115 integral with the month 56 disc.
  • This disc is driven by the barrel 109 of the index 46 clockwise so that its offset from index 46 during of an average year is worth -1 turn per year.
  • the driving wheel 112 drives the date discs 51 and 52 via a perpetual calendar mechanism 120 represented in the right part of Figures 5 and 6.
  • the wheel 112 meshes with a wheel 121 integral a wheel 122 which meshes with a wheel 123, itself integral with a wheel 124 to a tooth 125.
  • the wheels 123 and 124 are driven by the barrel 109 at a rate of 12 clockwise turns per average year 365.25 days.
  • Two program wheels 126 and 127 are arranged on either side of the wheel 124, so that the single tooth 125 of the latter drives alternately the two program wheels counterclockwise, each once a month with a gap of half a month between one and the other. Note that this offset can be changed by slightly moving the wheel one tooth relative to the program wheelset.
  • Each program wheel 126 and 127 including the structure will be described later, does one complete revolution per calendar year, whatever the number of days this year.
  • the first program wheel 126 drives a pinion 130 step by step secured to a wheel 131 which meshes with an internal toothing 132 of the first date disc 51.
  • the second program wheel 127 drives step by step a pinion 134 secured to a wheel 135 which meshes with an internal toothing 136 of the second date disc 52.
  • the second program wheel 127 is omitted to clarify the drawing.
  • Figures 7 and 9 show the program wheel 126 in two situations which correspond respectively to April in a normal year and to the end of February of a leap year.
  • Program wheel 126 is a composite wheel which rotates on a fixed axis 139 fitted with a fixed wheel 140 with six teeth. It includes a first board 141 with entry teeth with twenty-four teeth 142 regularly spaced, one second board 143 provided with an output toothing 144 which will be described later, two satellite wheels 145 and 146 with eight teeth which mesh with the fixed wheel 140, and a sliding movable element 147 provided with a single tooth 148 preceded by a hollow 149 itself preceded by a shoulder 150 in an arc. Elements 140, 145, 146 and 147, which are drawn in bold lines to facilitate reading of the drawing, are housed between boards 141 and 143, in a recess 152 in the second plate 143.
  • the side wall of this recess has two shoulders 153 and 154 forming stops which define the two functional positions of the element sliding 147.
  • the satellite wheels 145 and 146 are rotatable around tenons respective 155 and 156 secured to the second board 143. With the fixed wheel 140, they constitute a control mechanism 157 for the sliding element 147, as will be described later.
  • the output gear 144 of the program wheel is a thirty-six toothing modules, but has only twenty-four teeth 158 and twenty-nine hollows 159 adjacent to these teeth, the teeth and the recesses being arranged in groups which are separated by five gaps corresponding to months of less than 31 days. These gaps are occupied by respective shoulders 160 to 164 in an arc, corresponding to the months of February, April, June, September and November respectively.
  • the shoulders 161 to 164 correspond to the removal of two teeth and a hollow between them, for the months of 30 days, while the shoulder 160 corresponds to the removal of three teeth and two hollows between them, for one month February 29 days.
  • the shoulder 150 of the sliding element 147 extends the shoulder 160 by one module, so that these two combined shoulders correspond to the removal of four teeth and three hollow between them for a normal 28-day February.
  • the height of the shoulders 150 and 160 to 164 i.e. their radius by relative to the center 151 of the program wheel, is sufficient for two teeth successive pinion 130 can slide by pressing against the shoulder, thus blocking the position of the pinion 130, the wheel 131 ( Figure 5) and the disc dates 51 associated with the latter.
  • the successive positions of the disc of dates are indexed by the output teeth of the program wheel, without need a jumper spring.
  • Such indexing and its benefits are described in Swiss patent no. 688 671 by the same applicant.
  • each shoulder 160 to 164 in front of the sprocket 130 turns it one step, so ultimately has the same effect as the passage of one of the teeth 158.
  • each revolution of the wheel 124 to a tooth 125 produces a two-step advance of the input teeth 142 of the program wheel, i.e. one twelfth of tower. Between these advance operations, the program wheel is stopped by the periphery circular 176 of the wheel 124, which presses against the head of the teeth 142. The program wheel, thus driven twelve times a year, does a full revolution by year.
  • the circumference of the program wheel is subdivided into twelve sectors equal to 30 degrees, numbered by Roman numerals I to XII and corresponding to the twelve months of the year.
  • the number of hollows 159 associated with each month determines the number of steps of the advance made this month by the pinion 130, the wheel 131 and the date disc 51. This number is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3 depending on whether the month corresponds to twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty or thirty-one days, as explained above.
  • the sliding element 147 and its control mechanism are intended for change the number of steps of the advance corresponding to the month of February, depending on whether months to twenty-eight or twenty-nine days.
  • item 147 In the position shown in Figure 7, which corresponds to a 28-day February month, item 147 is in the withdrawal position and its additional tooth 148 is superimposed on a tooth 158a of the second plate 143.
  • the thickness of tooth 158a corresponds to the lower half of the thickness of the other teeth 158 of the teeth 144.
  • the two teeth 148 and 158a having exactly the same shape, the additional tooth 148 is somehow retracted and has no particular effect.
  • the hollow 149 which precedes it is opposite a hollow wider 166 of the board 143, which is also covered by the shoulder 150 of the element 147.
  • the pinion 130 will remain blocked by sliding on the shoulders 160 and 150 during the whole twelfth of a turn corresponding to the month of February of a normal year, and no advance of the date disc will be made.
  • the teeth of the two satellite wheels 145 and 146 are arranged to bear by sliding against two corresponding edges 168 and 169 of the sliding element 147 in order to position this element, namely to move it between its two positions shown in Figures 7 and 9 and position it positively permanently without using a spring.
  • the gear ratio between the fixed wheel 140 and each of the satellite wheels 145 and 146 being 3/4, each satellite wheel makes three quarters of a turn per year in the direction of the arrow it carries. In other words, a month's February to the following, it is shifted by a quarter of a turn in the opposite direction to the arrow.
  • the wheel 145 has a long tooth 171 and seven short teeth 172, so that its tooth long 171 will push the sliding element 147 in February every fourth year only, which will put item 147 in the leap or active position shown in Figure 9.
  • the satellite wheel 146 has five long teeth 173 which are pressed against the edge 169 of the element 147 to keep it in its retracted position of Figure 7, while the short teeth 172 of the other wheel satellite 145 pass along the opposite edge 168 of this element. This last one is retained by abutment against the shoulder 153. In the position of FIG. 9, these are the three short teeth 174 of the wheel 146 which pass freely along the edge 169 of the element 147, which is retained by abutment against the shoulder 154.
  • element 147 has a curved inner edge 170 which can be supported by sliding against the head of the teeth of the fixed wheel 140.
  • the second program wheel 127 is identical to the first 126 and works exactly the same way, to drive the second disc of calendar 52 with the same number of steps as the first, but with an offset half a month. If necessary, another value of this offset can be chosen by modifying the mutual positions of the axes of the program wheels and of the wheel 124 who trains them.
  • the program wheels 126 and 127 of the perpetual calendar mechanism can have a relatively construction simple and thin. Also, as the numbers of teeth of the elements that make it up are relatively small, the tooth modules are sufficiently large, which contributes to reducing the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, it should be noted that the whole of this mechanism is devoid of return springs or jumper springs, which would have the disadvantage of creating friction, therefore wear and an unfavorable influence on the running of the watch.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
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Abstract

The program wheel (200) has a principal wheel (204) and a twenty four hour wheel (13). The principal wheel carries two toothed wheels (210,211) and a sliding plate (212) in order to advance the program wheel by one to three steps on the last day of a month of less than thirty one days. These toothed wheels are activated by a fixed wheel (203) and the sliding plate by four satellite wheels (228,229,230,231) An Independent claim is also included for : A timepiece which uses the program wheel mechanism.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif à roue de programme pour mécanisme de quantième perpétuel, comportant une roue fixe et une roue de programme qui sont disposées coaxialement, la roue de programme comportant :

  • une planche rotative pourvue d'une denture extérieure,
  • au moins un élément mobile supporté par ladite planche et ayant une dent escamotable, ledit élément étant mobile par rapport à ladite planche entre une position active, où sa dent escamotable est ajoutée ladite denture extérieure par juxtaposition ou superposition, et au moins une position inactive où la dent escamotable est escamotée par rapport à la denture extérieure,
  • et un mécanisme de commande agencé pour déterminer lesdites positions de l'élément mobile et comportant au moins une roue satellite qui s'engrène sur la roue fixe et tourne sur un axe solidaire de ladite planche.
The present invention relates to a program wheel device for a perpetual calendar mechanism, comprising a fixed wheel and a program wheel which are arranged coaxially, the program wheel comprising:
  • a rotary board provided with external teeth,
  • at least one movable element supported by said board and having a retractable tooth, said element being movable relative to said board between an active position, where its retractable tooth is added said external toothing by juxtaposition or superposition, and at least one inactive position where the retractable tooth is retracted with respect to the external toothing,
  • and a control mechanism arranged to determine said positions of the movable element and comprising at least one satellite wheel which meshes with the fixed wheel and rotates on an axis integral with said board.

Les mécanismes classiques de quantième perpétuel comportent des cames représentatives de la longueur des mois, ainsi que des leviers pressés contre ces cames par des ressorts. Il en résulte des frictions qui freinent le mouvement d'horlogerie, causent de l'usure et nécessitent une lubrification soignée. De plus, leur grande complexité mécanique implique un coût très élevé de la fabrication, de l'assemblage et du réglage. Au contraire, des roues de programme du genre indiqué ci-dessus évitent une bonne part de ces inconvénients par le fait qu'elles sont formées essentiellement d'engrenages, de sorte que le positionnement relatif des pièces peut se faire largement ou totalement sans recourir à des ressorts. Par exemple, le brevet suisse no. 680 630 décrit une montre comportant une telle roue de programme.Classic perpetual calendar mechanisms include cams representative of the length of the months, as well as the levers pressed against these cams by springs. This results in friction that slows the movement watchmaking, cause wear and require careful lubrication. In addition, their great mechanical complexity implies a very high cost of manufacturing, assembly and adjustment. On the contrary, program wheels of the indicated type above avoid many of these drawbacks by the fact that they are formed essentially gears, so the relative positioning of the parts can be done largely or totally without resorting to springs. For example, the patent Swiss no. 680 630 describes a watch comprising such a program wheel.

La figure 1 représente une montre à quantième perpétuel telle que décrite dans le brevet suisse précité, auquel le lecteur pourra se reporter pour plus de détails. Ce dessin représente non seulement l'aspect de la montre vue de dessus, mais également les rouages de calendrier permettant d'afficher la date complète dans des guichets du cadran de la montre. En plus des aiguilles classiques d'heures 1 et de minutes 2, cette montre comporte un affichage du quantième 3 apparaissant dans un guichet 4. Elle comporte en outre un affichage du jour de la semaine 5, du mois 6 et des deux derniers chiffres de l'année 7, dans des guichets respectifs ménagés dans un cadran 8 comportant des index 9. Bien entendu, tout le mécanisme de calendrier est caché derrière le cadran 8, mais il est représenté en vue transparente dans la figure 1 pour simplifier l'exposé. Figure 1 shows a perpetual calendar watch as described in the aforementioned Swiss patent, to which the reader can refer for more details. This drawing represents not only the appearance of the watch seen from above, but also the calendar cogs allowing to display the complete date in watch face windows. In addition to the classic hour 1 and minutes 2, this watch includes a date display 3 appearing in a window 4. It also includes a display of the day of week 5, of month 6 and of the last two digits of the year 7, in respective counters arranged in a dial 8 comprising indexes 9. Of course, the entire calendar mechanism is hidden behind dial 8, but it is shown in transparent view in the Figure 1 to simplify the presentation.

Le mécanisme de quantième perpétuel est entraíné par une roue des heures 11 liée à l'aiguille des heures 1. Il comprend principalement une roue de vingt-quatre heures 13, faisant un tour en vingt-quatre heures, et une roue de programme 14 faisant un tour par mois. Cette roue de programme peut porter directement l'anneau sur lequel sont apposés les quantièmes 3 apparaissant dans le guichet 4.The perpetual calendar mechanism is driven by an hour wheel 11 linked to the hour hand 1. It mainly comprises a wheel of twenty-four 13 hours, going around in twenty-four hours, and a program wheel 14 doing one round per month. This program wheel can directly carry the ring on which are affixed the dates 3 appearing in the window 4.

La roue de vingt-quatre heures 13 comporte une denture à vingt-quatre dents 15 qui s'engrènent sur les douze dents de la roue des heures 11. Elle comporte en outre un doigt qui entraíne l'affichage du jour de la semaine 5, d'une façon qui ne sera pas décrite ici.The twenty-four hour wheel 13 has a toothing with twenty-four teeth 15 which mesh with the twelve teeth of the hour wheel 11. It comprises besides a finger that causes the display of the day of week 5, in a way that will not not described here.

La roue de programme 14 est un ensemble mécanique entraíné une fois par jour par la roue de vingt-quatre heures 13 et agencé pour faire un tour par mois quelle que soit la longueur du mois. Elle est coaxiale avec une roue fixe 16 et elle comporte une planche principale 17 ayant une denture extérieure à 31 dents, maintenue en position par un ressort sautoir 18. La denture 15 de la roue 13 comporte une dent plus longue qui s'engrène sur la planche 17 pour la faire avancer d'un pas à la fin de chaque mois.The program wheel 14 is a mechanical assembly driven once a day by the twenty-four hour wheel 13 and arranged to do one revolution per month what whatever the length of the month. It is coaxial with a fixed wheel 16 and it comprises a main board 17 having an external toothing with 31 teeth, maintained in position by a jumper spring 18. The teeth 15 of the wheel 13 have one more tooth long which engages on board 17 to advance it one step at the end of each month.

La roue de programme 14 comporte également une deuxième planche 19 ayant un doigt supplémentaire pour entraíner, une fois par mois, un pignon 20 qui fait partie d'un rouage représenté à la figure 1, mais non décrit en détail, afin d'actionner l'affichage des mois 6 et des années 7.The program wheel 14 also includes a second board 19 having an additional finger to drive, once a month, a pinion 20 which part of a cog represented in FIG. 1, but not described in detail, in order to actuate display of 6 months and 7 years.

Pour que la roue de programme 14 avance d'un, deux ou trois pas supplémentaires à la fin des mois de moins de 31 jours, elle comporte un ensemble de roues satellites qui sont rotatives sur la planche 17 et sont entraínées en rotation par engrènement sur la roue fixe 16 au cours de la rotation de la roue de programme. Trois de ces roues satellites, portant les références 22, 23 et 24 dans la figure 1, comportent une ou plusieurs dents plus longues que les autres, qui émergent temporairement à la périphérie de la roue de programme et sont escamotées vers l'intérieur le reste du temps. Quand ces dents escamotables émergent à la périphérie, elles peuvent être attaquées par trois dents supplémentaires de la roue de vingt-quatre heures 13 pour produire les pas supplémentaires de la roue de programme 14 à la fin d'un mois de moins de 31 jours. Pour plus de détails, on se reportera à la description donnée dans le brevet CH 680 630.So that the program wheel 14 advances by one, two or three steps additional at the end of months of less than 31 days, it includes a set satellite wheels which are rotatable on the board 17 and are driven in rotation by meshing on the fixed wheel 16 during the rotation of the program wheel. Three of these satellite wheels, bearing the references 22, 23 and 24 in FIG. 1, have one or more teeth longer than the others, which emerge temporarily at the periphery of the program wheel and are retracted towards indoors the rest of the time. When these retractable teeth emerge at the periphery, they can be attacked by three additional teeth of the wheel of twenty-four 13 hours to generate the additional steps of program wheel 14 at the end of a month of less than 31 days. For more details, see the description given in patent CH 680 630.

Bien que cette construction de la roue de programme 14 conduise à un fonctionnement satisfaisant, elle présente l'inconvénient d'une épaisseur relativement importante, parce que les trois roues satellites 22, 23 et 24 pourvues des dents escamotables doivent être au moins partiellement superposées et occupent donc trois niveaux distincts au-dessus de la planche de base 17. Although this construction of the program wheel 14 leads to a satisfactory operation, it has the disadvantage of a relatively thick important, because the three satellite wheels 22, 23 and 24 provided with teeth retractable must be at least partially superimposed and therefore occupy three separate levels above the base board 17.

Un but de la présente invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient en réduisant le nombre de niveaux des composants de la roue de programme.An object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by reducing the number of levels of program wheel components.

D'une façon plus générale, la présente invention vise à créer des roues de programme dont les éléments mobiles à dents escamotables peuvent être relativement simples et occuper peu de place.More generally, the present invention aims to create wheels of program whose movable elements with retractable teeth can be relatively simple and take up little space.

Un but additionnel consiste à réaliser le mécanisme de commande des éléments mobiles sous la forme de roues dentées ayant des modules de dents aussi grand que possible, afin d'être plus robuste et moins coûteux à fabriquer.An additional aim consists in realizing the control mechanism of the movable elements in the form of toothed wheels having also tooth modules as large as possible, in order to be more robust and less expensive to manufacture.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif à roues de programme du genre indiqué en préambule, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément mobile est un élément coulissant, monté sur la planche de la roue de programme de façon à pouvoir coulisser entre sa position active et sa position inactive.To this end, the invention relates to a wheeled program device of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that said movable element is an element sliding, mounted on the program wheel board so that slide between its active position and its inactive position.

Un tel élément coulissant peut remplacer l'une des roues à dents escamotables de l'art antérieur, ce qui permet de le juxtaposer à une autre desdites roues et diminuer ainsi l'épaisseur totale de la roue de programme.Such a sliding element can replace one of the toothed wheels retractable from the prior art, which allows it to be juxtaposed with another of said wheels and thus decrease the total thickness of the program wheel.

De préférence, le mécanisme de commande comporte des surfaces de came situées sur une roue satellite et agencées pour s'appuyer contre un bord de l'élément coulissant pour déterminer les positions respectives de ce bord dans les deux positions de l'élément coulissant. Ceci permet de positionner l'élément coulissant sans recourir à un ressort.Preferably, the control mechanism has cam surfaces located on a satellite wheel and arranged to bear against an edge of the element sliding to determine the respective positions of this edge in the two sliding element positions. This allows the sliding element to be positioned without resort to a spring.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront dans la description suivante de deux modes de réalisation, présentés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une montre-bracelet pourvue d'un mécanisme de quantième perpétuel selon l'art antérieur, ce mécanisme comportant une roue de programme connue qui peut être remplacée par une roue de programme selon la présente invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en plan schématique du premier mode de réalisation d'une roue de programme selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est un schéma des engrenages représentés à la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation des organes d'affichage d'une autre montre à calendrier perpétuel, comprenant un affichage classique de l'heure et un affichage de calendrier, à la date du 19 février 2001,
  • la figure 5 représente schématiquement un mode de réalisation d'un mécanisme de quantième perpétuel pour commander l'affichage de calendrier selon la figure 4,
  • la figure 6 est un schéma en coupe du mécanisme de la figure 5,
  • la figure 7 est une vue agrandie d'une roue de programme du mécanisme de la figure 5, dans une position correspondant au mois d'avril d'une année normale,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne VIII-VIII de la figure 7, et
  • la figure 9 représente la roue de programme de la figure 7 dans une position correspondant à la fin de février d'une année bissextile.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear in the following description of two embodiments, presented by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a wristwatch provided with a perpetual calendar mechanism according to the prior art, this mechanism comprising a known program wheel which can be replaced by a program wheel according to the present invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the first embodiment of a program wheel according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the gears represented in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of the display members of another watch with a perpetual calendar, comprising a conventional time display and a calendar display, as of February 19, 2001,
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents an embodiment of a perpetual calendar mechanism for controlling the calendar display according to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram in section of the mechanism of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a program wheel of the mechanism of FIG. 5, in a position corresponding to the month of April in a normal year,
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7, and
  • Figure 9 shows the program wheel of Figure 7 in a position corresponding to the end of February of a leap year.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, il est prévu une roue de programme 200 représentée aux figures 2 et 3, qui peut être utilisée à la place de la roue de programme 14 dans la montre représentée à la figure 1.According to a first embodiment of the invention, there is provided a wheel program 200 shown in Figures 2 and 3, which can be used in place of the program wheel 14 in the watch shown in FIG. 1.

La roue de programme 200 est montée sur une platine 201 de façon à tourner autour d'un axe fixe 202 muni d'une roue fixe 203 à sept dents. Elle comporte une planche principale 204 munie d'une denture extérieure à trente et une dents 205 uniformément réparties. Dans le présent exemple, la roue de programme comporte une deuxième planche 206 pourvue d'une denture pour entraíner un anneau de quantièmes non représenté, immobilisé de manière classique par un sautoir qui a aussi pour effet d'immobiliser la roue de programme. Autrement, l'anneau de quantième pourrait être solidaire de la planche 204, puisque celle-ci avance d'un pas par jour et fait un tour par mois, comme on l'expliquera plus loin. La planche 206 peut également entraíner le pignon 20 représenté à la figure 1.The program wheel 200 is mounted on a plate 201 so as to rotate around a fixed axis 202 provided with a fixed wheel 203 with seven teeth. It includes a main board 204 with external teeth thirty-one teeth 205 evenly distributed. In this example, the program wheel has a second board 206 provided with teeth to drive a ring of dates not shown, immobilized in a conventional manner by a jumper which has also to immobilize the program wheel. Otherwise, the ring of date could be secured to plate 204, since the latter advances by one step per day and do one tour per month, as will be explained later. Plate 206 can also drive the pinion 20 shown in Figure 1.

La platine 201 porte en outre, par un axe fixe 207, la roue de vingt-quatre heures 13 dont la denture à vingt-quatre dents comprend vingt-trois dents courtes 15 et une dent longue 208. La roue des heures 11 décrite en référence à la figure 1 s'engrène sur cette denture et entraíne ainsi en continu la roue 13 à raison d'un tour par jour. Les dents 15 sont trop courtes pour toucher les dents 205 de la roue de programme. Par contre, la dent longue 208 est capable de s'engrener sur les dents 205 pour faire tourner la roue de programme d'un pas de la denture de la planche 204, c'est-à-dire de 1/31 de tour, correspondant au passage au jour suivant sur l'anneau de quantième. Cette avance d'un pas se produit chaque jour à minuit.The plate 201 further carries, by a fixed axis 207, the twenty-four wheel hours 13 with twenty-four teeth teeth 23 short teeth 15 and a long tooth 208. The hour wheel 11 described with reference to FIG. 1 engages on this toothing and thus continuously drives the wheel 13 at the rate of one revolution per day. The teeth 15 are too short to touch the teeth 205 of the wheel. program. On the other hand, the long tooth 208 is able to mesh with the teeth 205 to rotate the program wheel one step from the toothing of the board 204, i.e. 1/31 of a turn, corresponding to the passage to the next day on the date ring. This one-step advance occurs every day at midnight.

Afin d'avancer la roue de programme d'un, deux ou trois pas supplémentaires le dernier jour d'un mois de moins de trente et un jours, la planche principale 204 de la roue de programme porte trois éléments mobiles 210, 211 et 212 pourvus de dents escamotables, ainsi qu'un mécanisme de commande 213 qui positionne ces éléments mobiles en permanence et de manière positive. Ces éléments mobiles et le mécanisme 213 sont disposés sur deux niveaux, les éléments du niveau inférieur étant dessinés en trait gras sur la figure 2 afin de clarifier le dessin. La roue fixe 203 occupe les deux niveaux.In order to advance the program wheel one, two or three additional steps the last day of a month less than thirty-one days, the main board 204 of the program wheel carries three movable elements 210, 211 and 212 provided with teeth retractable, as well as a control mechanism 213 which positions these elements permanently and positively mobile. These moving parts and the mechanism 213 are arranged on two levels, the elements of the lower level being drawn in bold line in FIG. 2 in order to clarify the drawing. Fixed wheel 203 occupies both levels.

L'élément 210 est une roue à douze dents appelée roue des mois et tournant autour d'un plot 214 solidaire de la planche 204. Les douze dents s'engrènent sur la roue fixe 203; elles comprennent sept dents courtes 216, correspondant aux mois de trente et un jours, et cinq dents longues 217 correspondant aux mois plus courts. Les dents longues 217 peuvent émerger à la périphérie de la roue de programme, en se superposant aux dents 205 de la planche 204, puis s'escamoter vers l'intérieur du fait que le diamètre de leur roue 210 est plus petit que celui de la planche 204.Element 210 is a wheel with twelve teeth called wheel of the months and turning around a stud 214 secured to the board 204. The twelve teeth mesh on the fixed wheel 203; they include seven short teeth 216, corresponding to the months of thirty-one days, and five long teeth 217 corresponding to the shorter months. The long teeth 217 can emerge around the periphery of the program wheel, superimposing on the teeth 205 of the board 204, then retracting inwards due to the fact that the diameter of their wheel 210 is smaller than that of the board 204.

L'élément 211 est une roue à douze dents appelée roue de février et tournant autour d'un plot 218 solidaire du plot 214, mais de plus petit diamètre et décentré par rapport au plot 214 dans la direction circonférentielle de la roue de programme. Les douze dents de la roue 211 s'engrènent sur la roue fixe 203; elles comprennent onze dents courtes 219 et une dent longue 220 qui peut émerger à la périphérie de la roue de programme, en se superposant à une dent 205 de la planche 204, puis s'escamoter vers l'intérieur du fait que le diamètre de la roue 211 est plus petit que celui de la planche 204.Element 211 is a twelve-toothed wheel called a February wheel and turning around a stud 218 integral with stud 214, but of smaller diameter and off-center by relative to stud 214 in the circumferential direction of the program wheel. The twelve teeth of the wheel 211 mesh with the fixed wheel 203; they include eleven short teeth 219 and a long tooth 220 which can emerge at the periphery of the wheel program, superimposed on a tooth 205 of the board 204, then retract inwards because the diameter of the wheel 211 is smaller than that of plate 204.

L'élément 212 est un élément coulissant pourvu d'une dent escamotable 221 et appelé l'élément bissextile parce que sa dent est escamotée le 28 février des années bissextiles, mais pas le 28 février des années normales. Il est guidé par trois plots 222, 223 et 224 fixés à la planche 204 et il comporte deux becs 225 et 226 qui butent contre les plots 222 et 224 pour définir sa position active, dans laquelle sa dent 221 émerge à la périphérie de la roue de programme, en étant superposée à l'une des dents 205 de la planche 204.Element 212 is a sliding element provided with a retractable tooth 221 and called the leap element because its tooth is retracted on February 28 of leap years, but not February 28 of normal years. He is guided by three studs 222, 223 and 224 fixed to the board 204 and it has two spouts 225 and 226 which abut against studs 222 and 224 to define its active position, in which its tooth 221 emerges at the periphery of the program wheel, being superimposed on one teeth 205 of plate 204.

Pour commander la position de l'élément coulissant 212, le mécanisme de commande 213 comporte quatre roues satellites 228, 229, 230 et 231 montées rotatives sur la planche 204 et dont les dents sont assez courtes pour ne pas émerger autant que les dents escamotables à la périphérie de la roue de programme. La roue 228 a douze dents 232 qui s'engrènent sur la roue fixe 203. La roue 229 est solidaire de la roue 228 et comporte une dent 233 entre deux creux 234, avec une portée circulaire 235 sur le reste de son pourtour. La roue 230 a huit dents 236 qui s'engrènent dans les creux 234, puis glissent sur la portée circulaire 235 de sorte que la roue 230 est bloquée durant le reste de la rotation de la roue 229. La roue 231 a huit dents qui s'engrènent sur la roue 230, à savoir trois dents longues 238, espacées angulairement de 90 degrés, et cinq dents courtes 239. Les dents 238 et 239 jouent le rôle de surfaces de cames en s'appuyant contre un bord arrière 240 de l'élément coulissant 212 pour le pousser plus ou moins loin vers la périphérie de la roue de programme. Quand une dent longue 238 s'appuie contre le bord 240, l'élément 212 est maintenu dans sa position active représentée à la figure 2. Mais si c'est l'une des dents courtes 239 qui fait face à ce bord, l'élément 212 peut reculer comme on le décrira plus loin, jusqu'à sa position inactive dans laquelle sa dent 221 est escamotée. To control the position of the sliding element 212, the command 213 has four satellite wheels 228, 229, 230 and 231 mounted rotary on board 204 and whose teeth are short enough not to emerge as much as the retractable teeth on the periphery of the program wheel. Wheel 228 has twelve teeth 232 which mesh on the fixed wheel 203. The wheel 229 is integral of the wheel 228 and has a tooth 233 between two recesses 234, with a bearing circular 235 on the rest of its periphery. The wheel 230 has eight teeth 236 which mesh in the recesses 234, then slide on the circular surface 235 so that the wheel 230 is locked during the rest of the rotation of the wheel 229. The wheel 231 has eight teeth which mesh on the wheel 230, namely three long teeth 238, spaced apart angularly 90 degrees, and five short teeth 239. Teeth 238 and 239 play the role of cam surfaces by pressing against a rear edge 240 of the element sliding 212 to push it more or less far towards the periphery of the wheel program. When a long tooth 238 presses against the edge 240, the element 212 is kept in its active position shown in Figure 2. But if it is one of short teeth 239 which faces this edge, the element 212 can move back as is will describe later, up to its inactive position in which its tooth 221 is retracted.

De préférence, chacune des dents escamotables 217, 220 et 221 est disposée de façon que sa position active, lorsque la dent émerge à la périphérie de la roue de programme, se situe au-dessus d'une des dents 205 de la planche 204. En outre, elles peuvent avoir le même profil que les dents 205.Preferably, each of the retractable teeth 217, 220 and 221 is disposed so that its active position, when the tooth emerges at the periphery of the wheel program, is located above one of the teeth 205 of the board 204. In addition, they can have the same profile as teeth 205.

Chacune des roues 210, 211 et 228 s'engrenant avec la roue fixe 203 effectue 7/12 de tour pour un tour complet de la roue de programme 200, effectué en un mois. Après une année, elles ont donc effectué exactement sept tours et se retrouvent dans la même position à la même date que l'année précédente. Par contre, à la fin des douze mois de l'année, elles ont chaque mois une position différente et présentent donc chaque fois une autre dent en face de la roue 13.Each of the wheels 210, 211 and 228 meshing with the fixed wheel 203 performs 7/12 of a turn for a complete turn of the program wheel 200, carried out in one month. After a year, they have completed exactly seven laps and find themselves in the same position on the same date as the previous year. However, at the end of twelve months of the year, they have a different position each month and present so each time another tooth in front of the wheel 13.

La roue 229 liée à la roue 228 fait avancer les roues 230 et 231 de deux pas, donc d'un quart de tour, sept fois par année. La roue de came 231 présente donc un quart de tour d'écart entre le 28 février d'une année et celui de l'année suivante. On comprend ainsi qu'à cette date, ses dents longues 238 ont mettent l'élément bissextile coulissant 212 dans sa position active trois années de suite et le laissent revenir en position escamotée la quatrième année du cycle julien.The wheel 229 linked to the wheel 228 advances the wheels 230 and 231 by two steps, so a quarter turn, seven times a year. The cam wheel 231 therefore has a quarter turn difference between February 28 of one year and that of the following year. We understands thus that at this date, its long teeth 238 have the leap element sliding 212 into its active position three years in a row and let it return to retracted position the fourth year of the Julian cycle.

Comme dans l'art antérieur illustré par le brevet CH 680 630, la roue 13 comporte trois dents supplémentaires 241, 242 et 243 situées plus haut que ses dents 15 et 208, afin de ne pas toucher les dents 205 de la roue de programme 200, mais s'engrener respectivement sur les dents escamotables 221, 220 et 217 lorsque celles-ci émergent à la périphérie de la roue de programme en face de la roue 13. De préférence, les dents 241, 242 et 243 ont la même longueur que la dent longue 208 et sont superposées chacune à l'une des trois dents courtes 205 qui précèdent cette dent longue, afin d'agir juste avant la dent longue. Elles peuvent donc être solidaires des dents courtes qu'elles surmontent, ou fixées à la roue 13 au voisinage de ces dents courtes.As in the prior art illustrated by patent CH 680 630, the wheel 13 has three additional teeth 241, 242 and 243 located higher than its teeth 15 and 208, so as not to touch the teeth 205 of the program wheel 200, but mesh respectively on the retractable teeth 221, 220 and 217 when these emerge on the periphery of the program wheel opposite wheel 13. From preferably, the teeth 241, 242 and 243 have the same length as the long tooth 208 and are each superimposed on one of the three short teeth 205 which precede this long tooth, to act just before the long tooth. They can therefore be united short teeth which they surmount, or fixed to the wheel 13 in the vicinity of these short teeth.

La dent 241 est destinée à entraíner la dent escamotable 221 de l'élément bissextile coulissant 212 quand celui-ci est en position active en face de la roue 13, le 28 février des années normales. Cette action s'effectue trois heures avant l'action de la dent 208, donc à environ 21 heures, et amène la roue 211 en face de la roue 13. Le 28 février d'une année bissextile, comme l'élément 212 n'est pas épaulé par une dent longue 238 de la roue de came 231, la dent 241 le repousse en arrière jusqu'à sa position inactive, ce qui escamote la dent 221 sans entraíner la roue de programme 200. C'est pourquoi l'élément coulissant 212 n'a pas besoin d'un ressort de rappel.The tooth 241 is intended to drive the retractable tooth 221 of the element sliding leap 212 when the latter is in the active position opposite the wheel 13, the February 28 of normal years. This action takes place three hours before the action of tooth 208, so at around 9 p.m., and brings wheel 211 in front of wheel 13. The February 28 of a leap year, as element 212 is not supported by a tooth long 238 of the cam wheel 231, the tooth 241 pushes it back until it inactive position, which retracts tooth 221 without driving the program wheel 200. This is why the sliding element 212 does not need a return spring.

La dent 242 est destinée à entraíner la dent escamotable 220 de la roue de février 211 quand la dent 220 est en position active en face de la roue 13, à la fin de février. Cette action s'effectue deux heures avant l'action de la dent 208, donc à environ 22 heures, et amène la roue 210 en face de la roue 13.The tooth 242 is intended to drive the retractable tooth 220 of the wheel February 211 when tooth 220 is in the active position opposite wheel 13, at the end of February. This action takes place two hours before the action of tooth 208, so at about 22 hours, and brings the wheel 210 in front of the wheel 13.

La dent 243 est destinée à entraíner l'une des cinq dents escamotables 217 de la roue des mois 210 quand la dent 217 du mois correspondant (février, avril, juin, septembre, novembre) est en position active en face de la roue 13. Cette action s'effectue une heure avant l'action de la dent 208, donc à environ 23 heures. Ensuite, la dent 208 agit comme chaque mois sur celle des dents 205 qui se trouve en face de la roue 13.The tooth 243 is intended to drive one of the five retractable teeth 217 of the wheel of months 210 when tooth 217 of the corresponding month (February, April, June, September, November) is in active position in front of wheel 13. This action takes place one hour before the action of tooth 208, therefore approximately 23 hours. Then, tooth 208 acts as every month on that of teeth 205 which is opposite wheel 13.

La description qui précède montre que la roue de programme 200 peut être réalisée avec des roues satellites ayant un petit nombre de dents, si bien que les engrenages peuvent avoir des modules et des ébats relativement grands, ce qui réduit le coût de fabrication. Cette roue est dépourvue de tout ressort de rappel et fonctionne sans friction notable. En outre, sa structure présente un niveau de moins que la roue de programme 14 représentée à la figure 1.The above description shows that the program wheel 200 can be made with satellite wheels having a small number of teeth, so that the gears can have relatively large modules and fractions, which reduces the manufacturing cost. This wheel is devoid of any return spring and operates without significant friction. In addition, its structure presents a level of less as the program wheel 14 represented in FIG. 1.

On peut même envisager de supprimer encore un niveau dans la roue de programme 200, en remplaçant la roue de février 211 par un second élément coulissant analogue à l'élément 212, pourvu d'une dent escamotable et disposé de l'autre côté de la roue des mois 210, au même niveau que celle-ci. Par exemple, ce second élément coulissant pourrait être positionné par un mécanisme à roues satellites analogue au mécanisme 213, mettant cet élément en position active chaque année à la fin de février grâce à une roue analogue à la roue de came 231, mais ayant quatre dents longues au lieu de trois.We can even consider removing another level in the wheel. program 200, replacing the February 211 wheel with a second element sliding similar to element 212, provided with a retractable tooth and arranged the other side of the month wheel 210, at the same level as this one. For example, this second sliding element could be positioned by a wheel mechanism satellites analogous to mechanism 213, putting this element in active position each year at the end of February thanks to a wheel similar to the cam wheel 231, but having four long teeth instead of three.

On décrira maintenant une montre à calendrier perpétuel comportant un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une roue de programme selon l'invention, en référence aux figures 4 à 9.We will now describe a perpetual calendar watch comprising a second embodiment of a program wheel according to the invention, in reference to Figures 4 to 9.

Comme on peut le voir dans les figures 4 à 6, les organes d'affichage de la montre comportent des organes classiques d'indication analogique de l'heure, comprenant une aiguille des minutes 41 et une aiguille des heures 42 qui tournent devant un cadran 43 portant par exemple douze repères horaires fixes (non représentés). Les aiguilles 41 et 42 sont entraínées de manière classique par un mouvement d'horlogerie pour tourner autour de l'axe central de la montre. Bien entendu, on pourrait encore ajouter une aiguille des secondes au centre.As can be seen in Figures 4 to 6, the display elements of the watch have conventional analog time indication devices, comprising a 41 minute hand and a 42 hour hand which rotate in front of a dial 43 carrying for example twelve fixed time markers (not shown). Needles 41 and 42 are conventionally driven by a clockwork movement to turn around the central axis of the watch. Well heard, we could still add a seconds hand in the center.

Un index de calendrier 46 est entraíné par le mouvement d'horlogerie de la montre de façon à effectuer un tour complet en 28 jours autour de l'axe central des aiguilles 41 et 42, de préférence dans le sens horaire, en regard d'une graduation des jours 47 qui est fixe sur le cadran 43. La graduation 47, qui s'étend sur tout le tour du cadran, est divisée en vingt-huit secteurs égaux portant les noms des jours de quatre semaines consécutives. L'index 46, formé ici par une aiguille centrale, peut être entraíné soit en continu, soit par pas de 1/28 de tour afin de se placer toujours en face du milieu d'un secteur de la graduation fixe 47. On pourrait aussi prévoir un disque annulaire pour porter l'index 46.A calendar index 46 is driven by the watch movement of the shows so as to make a complete revolution in 28 days around the central axis of the hands 41 and 42, preferably clockwise, opposite a graduation of days 47 which is fixed on the dial 43. The graduation 47, which extends all around the dial, is divided into twenty-eight equal sectors bearing the names of the days of four consecutive weeks. Index 46, formed here by a central needle, can be driven either continuously or in steps of 1/28 of a turn in order to always be placed opposite from the middle of a sector of fixed graduation 47. We could also provide a disc annular to carry the index 46.

Les quantièmes 1 à 31 sont répartis sur des secteurs respectifs de deux disques de quantièmes 51 et 52, à côté de la graduation des jours 47. Chaque secteur portant un quantième s'étend sur 1/28 de tour, si bien qu'il peut être placé en correspondance exacte d'un secteur de la graduation des jours 47. Le premier disque de quantièmes 51 porte une graduation 53 comportant les quantièmes d'une première partie du mois, par exemple dans le cas présent les quantièmes de 1 à 15 sur quinze secteurs consécutifs. Le second disque de quantièmes 52 porte une graduation 54 comportant les quantièmes de la seconde partie du mois, c'est-à-dire dans le cas présent de 16 à 31 sur seize secteurs consécutifs. Le second disque 52 se trouve derrière le premier disque 51 et il a un plus grand diamètre, de sorte que sa graduation 54, disposée sur un arc de cercle de plus grand rayon que la graduation 53, est toujours visible le long du pourtour du premier disque 51 et que trois secteurs des extrémités respectives des deux graduations 53 et 54 peuvent se juxtaposer, comme on le voit dans la figure 4 pour les quantièmes 13 à 18.Dates 1 to 31 are distributed over respective sectors of two date discs 51 and 52, next to the graduation of days 47. Each sector with a calendar extends over 1/28 of a turn, so that it can be placed in exact match of a sector of the 47 days graduation. The first disc of dates 51 carries a graduation 53 comprising the dates of a first part of the month, for example in this case the dates from 1 to 15 out of fifteen consecutive sectors. The second date disc 52 carries a graduation 54 comprising the date of the second part of the month, that is to say in the case present from 16 to 31 in sixteen consecutive sectors. The second disc 52 is located behind the first disc 51 and it has a larger diameter, so that its 54 graduation, arranged on a circular arc of larger radius than the graduation 53, is always visible along the periphery of the first disc 51 and that three sectors respective ends of the two graduations 53 and 54 can be juxtaposed, as seen in figure 4 for the dates 13 to 18.

On remarque naturellement que l'index 46 se trouvant en face d'un des secteurs de la graduation 47, portant le nom du présent jour, indique en même temps le quantième se trouvant en correspondance de ce secteur. Si l'index se trouvait dans une zone où les deux graduations 53 et 54 se recouvrent (circonstance qui ne se produit pas dans la situation représentée ici), l'observateur devrait par convention lire le quantième le plus proche de l'index, c'est-à-dire sur la première graduation 53.It is naturally noted that the index 46 located opposite one of the sectors of graduation 47, bearing the name of this day, indicates at the same time the date being in correspondence of this sector. If the index was in an area where the two graduations 53 and 54 overlap (a circumstance that does not product not in the situation shown here), the observer should by convention read the calendar closest to the index, i.e. on the first graduation 53.

A l'intérieur du disque 52, l'affichage à calendrier perpétuel comporte un disque annulaire des mois 56, portant une graduation des mois 57 composée de douze secteurs dont les angles respectifs sont proportionnels à la longueur des mois qu'ils représentent. Le disque 56 est entraíné par le mouvement d'horlogerie de façon à suivre le disque 48 et son index 46, mais avec une rotation relative rétrograde pour retarder d'un tour par année. A l'intérieur du disque 56 se trouve un disque annulaire des années 58 portant une graduation 59 composée de dix secteurs égaux portant les chiffres 0 à 9 des unités de l'année. En conséquence, le disque des années 58 est entraíné par le mouvement d'horlogerie de façon à suivre l'index 46, mais avec une rotation relative rétrograde pour retarder d'un tour en dix ans par rapport à cet index. Ainsi, l'index 46 indique de façon analogique le mois courant sur la graduation 57 et le dernier chiffre de l'année sur la graduation 59, outre le jour de la semaine et le quantième. Inside the disc 52, the perpetual calendar display includes a annular disc of months 56, bearing a graduation of months 57 composed of twelve sectors whose respective angles are proportional to the length of the months that they represent. The disc 56 is driven by the clockwork movement so to follow the disc 48 and its index 46, but with a retrograde relative rotation for delay one turn per year. Inside the disc 56 is an annular disc years 58 carrying a graduation 59 composed of ten equal sectors carrying the digits 0 to 9 of the units of the year. As a result, the disc from the 58s is driven by the watch movement to follow index 46, but with a Retrograde relative rotation to delay by one turn in ten years compared to this index. Thus, the index 46 indicates in an analog manner the current month on the graduation 57 and the last digit of the year on the scale 59, in addition to the day of the week and the calendar.

En outre, un disque central des décennies 60 est disposé concentriquement au centre de l'affichage de calendrier et porte un index des décennies 61 en regard de la graduation des années 59. Le disque des décennies est entraíné de façon à avancer d'un tour en cent ans par rapport au disque des années 58. En conséquence, son index 61 indique sur la graduation 59 le chiffre des dizaines de l'année en cours. Ceci peut être rappelé à l'utilisateur au moyen d'une inscription telle que « x 10 » sur l'index des décennies 61.In addition, a central disc from the 60s is arranged concentrically in the center of the calendar display and carries an index from the 61s next to the graduation of the years 59. The disc of the decades is trained so as to advance one turn in a hundred years compared to the disc of the years 58. Consequently, its index 61 indicates on the graduation 59 the tens digit of the current year. This can be reminded to the user by means of an inscription such as "x 10" on the index of the decades 61.

Le mouvement d'horlogerie entraínant les organes d'affichage représentés dans la figure 4 peut être tout mouvement mécanique, électromécanique ou électronique capable d'actionner un affichage analogique de l'heure.The watch movement driving the display organs shown in figure 4 can be any mechanical, electromechanical or electronic capable of operating an analog time display.

Les figures 5 et 6 représentent un mécanisme de calendrier capable d'actionner l'affichage représenté à la figure 4 à partir du mouvement d'horlogerie de la montre analogique, plus précisément à partir d'une roue centrale des heures 99 qui est solidaire de l'aiguille des heures 42 et qui fait évidemment un tour en douze heures. Dans la figure 6, les chiffres écrits en italiques représentent les nombres de dents des mobiles qui vont être décrits ci-dessous.Figures 5 and 6 show a calendar mechanism capable of to activate the display shown in Figure 4 from the clockwork movement of the analog watch, more precisely from a central hour wheel 99 which is attached to the 42 hour hand and which obviously goes around in twelve hours. In Figure 6, the numbers written in italics represent the numbers of teeth of the mobiles which will be described below.

La roue des heures 99 s'engrène avec une roue 101 ayant un pignon 102 qui s'engrène avec une roue 103 ayant un pignon 104, lequel s'engrène avec une roue 105 solidaire de deux autres roues 106 et 107. La roue 105 s'engrène avec une roue 108 fixée sur un canon 109 qui entoure les axes des aiguilles 41, 42 et qui porte l'aiguille d'index de calendrier 46. Avec les nombres de dents indiqués dans la figure 6, on vérifie que le rapport de transmission entre la roue des heures 99 et l'index 46 vaut 1/56. Comme la roue des heures 99 fait deux tours par jour, l'index 46 accomplit un tour dans le sens horaire en exactement 28 jours.The hour wheel 99 meshes with a wheel 101 having a pinion 102 which meshes with a wheel 103 having a pinion 104, which meshes with a wheel 105 integral with two other wheels 106 and 107. Wheel 105 meshes with a wheel 108 fixed on a barrel 109 which surrounds the axes of the needles 41, 42 and which carries calendar index needle 46. With the numbers of teeth indicated in the FIG. 6, it is verified that the transmission ratio between the hour wheel 99 and index 46 is 1/56. As the 99 hour wheel turns twice a day, the index 46 completes a clockwise turn in exactly 28 days.

La roue 107 s'engrène avec une roue centrale 110 solidaire du disque des années 58. Afin de suivre l'index 46 en retardant par rapport à lui d'un tour en dix années moyennes du cycle julien, le disque 58 est entraíné par la roue 99 avec un rapport de transmission de 1/56,432432. En conséquence, le disque des années 58 tourne dans le sens horaire un peu plus lentement que l'index 46, par rapport auquel il subit le décalage de -1/10 de tour durant une année moyenne (365,25 jours) du cycle julien.The wheel 107 meshes with a central wheel 110 secured to the disc of the 58 years. To follow index 46 by lagging behind it by one turn in ten middle years of the Julian cycle, the disc 58 is driven by the wheel 99 with a transmission ratio of 1 / 56.432432. As a result, the disc from the 58s turns clockwise a little slower than index 46, relative to which it undergoes the shift of -1/10 of a turn during an average year (365.25 days) of the cycle Julian.

La roue 106 s'engrène avec une roue 111 solidaire du disque des décennies 60. Celui-ci est entraíné par la roue des heures 99 avec un rapport de 1/56388889. Ainsi, on remarque que le disque des décennies tourne dans le sens horaire moins vite que l'index 46, mais légèrement plus vite que le disque des années 58. En une année moyenne, il subit un décalage de +1/100 de tour par rapport au disque 58. De la sorte, l'index des décennies 61 met cent ans pour parcourir toute la graduation des années 59 et indique bien la décennie sur cette graduation.The wheel 106 meshes with a wheel 111 secured to the disc for decades 60. The latter is driven by the 99 hour wheel with a ratio of 1/56388889. So, we notice that the disk of decades turns clockwise less faster than index 46, but slightly faster than the record from the 58s. average year, it undergoes a shift of +1/100 of a turn compared to disc 58. From so, the index of the decades 61 takes a hundred years to cover the entire graduation of 59 years and clearly indicates the decade on this scale.

Sur le canon 109 est fixée une roue menante 112 qui s'engrène avec une roue 113 solidaire d'une roue 114, laquelle s'engrène avec une roue centrale 115 solidaire du disque des mois 56. Ce disque est entraíné par le canon 109 de l'index 46 dans le sens horaire de telle sorte que son décalage par rapport à l'index 46 au cours d'une année moyenne vaut -1 tour par an.On the barrel 109 is fixed a driving wheel 112 which meshes with a wheel 113 integral with a wheel 114, which meshes with a central wheel 115 integral with the month 56 disc. This disc is driven by the barrel 109 of the index 46 clockwise so that its offset from index 46 during of an average year is worth -1 turn per year.

D'autre part, la roue menante 112 entraíne les disques de quantièmes 51 et 52 par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme de quantième perpétuel 120 représenté dans la partie droite des figures 5 et 6. La roue 112 s'engrène avec une roue 121 solidaire d'une roue 122 qui s'engrène avec une roue 123, elle-même solidaire d'une roue 124 à une dent 125. Les roues 123 et 124 sont entraínées par le canon 109 à raison de 12 tours dans le sens horaire par année moyenne de 365,25 jours.On the other hand, the driving wheel 112 drives the date discs 51 and 52 via a perpetual calendar mechanism 120 represented in the right part of Figures 5 and 6. The wheel 112 meshes with a wheel 121 integral a wheel 122 which meshes with a wheel 123, itself integral with a wheel 124 to a tooth 125. The wheels 123 and 124 are driven by the barrel 109 at a rate of 12 clockwise turns per average year 365.25 days.

Deux roues de programme 126 et 127 sont disposées de part et d'autre de la roue 124, de sorte que la dent unique 125 de cette dernière entraíne alternativement les deux roues de programme dans le sens anti-horaire, chacune une fois par mois avec un décalage d'un demi-mois entre l'une et l'autre. On remarquera que ce décalage peut être modifié en déplaçant légèrement la roue à une dent par rapport à la paire de roues de programme. Chaque roue de programme 126 et 127, dont la structure sera décrite plus loin, fait un tour complet par année civile, quel que soit le nombre de jours de cette année.Two program wheels 126 and 127 are arranged on either side of the wheel 124, so that the single tooth 125 of the latter drives alternately the two program wheels counterclockwise, each once a month with a gap of half a month between one and the other. Note that this offset can be changed by slightly moving the wheel one tooth relative to the program wheelset. Each program wheel 126 and 127, including the structure will be described later, does one complete revolution per calendar year, whatever the number of days this year.

La première roue de programme 126 entraíne pas à pas un pignon 130 solidaire d'une roue 131 qui s'engrène avec une denture intérieure 132 du premier disque de quantièmes 51. La seconde roue de programme 127 entraíne pas à pas un pignon 134 solidaire d'une roue 135 qui s'engrène avec une denture intérieure 136 du second disque de quantièmes 52. Dans la figure 6, la seconde roue de programme 127 est omise afin de clarifier le dessin.The first program wheel 126 drives a pinion 130 step by step secured to a wheel 131 which meshes with an internal toothing 132 of the first date disc 51. The second program wheel 127 drives step by step a pinion 134 secured to a wheel 135 which meshes with an internal toothing 136 of the second date disc 52. In FIG. 6, the second program wheel 127 is omitted to clarify the drawing.

On notera que si le mécanisme de calendrier devait être entraíné non par le mouvement d'horlogerie, mais par un moteur électrique propre, les roues 101 à 104 pourraient être supprimées et le moteur pourrait être commandé par le mouvement d'horlogerie pour entraíner une fois par jour le mobile formé des roues 105 à 107.Note that if the calendar mechanism were to be driven not by the clockwork, but by a clean electric motor, the wheels 101 to 104 could be removed and the motor could be controlled by movement clockwork to drive once a day the mobile formed by the wheels 105 to 107.

Les figures 7 et 9 représentent la roue de programme 126 dans deux situations qui correspondent respectivement au mois d'avril d'une année normale et à la fin de février d'une année bissextile.Figures 7 and 9 show the program wheel 126 in two situations which correspond respectively to April in a normal year and to the end of February of a leap year.

La roue de programme 126 est un mobile composite qui tourne sur un axe fixe 139 muni d'une roue fixe 140 à six dents. Elle comprend une première planche 141 pourvue d'une denture d'entrée à vingt-quatre dents 142 régulièrement espacées, une deuxième planche 143 pourvue d'une denture de sortie 144 qui sera décrite plus loin, deux roues satellites 145 et 146 à huit dents qui s'engrènent avec la roue fixe 140, et un élément mobile coulissant 147 pourvu d'une dent unique 148 précédée d'un creux 149 précédé lui-même d'un épaulement 150 en arc de cercle. Les éléments 140, 145, 146 et 147, qui sont dessinés en traits plus gras pour faciliter la lecture du dessin, sont logés entre les planches 141 et 143, dans un évidement 152 de la deuxième planche 143. La paroi latérale de cet évidement présente deux épaulements 153 et 154 formant des butées qui définissent les deux positions fonctionnelles de l'élément coulissant 147. Les roues satellites 145 et 146 sont rotatives autour de tenons respectifs 155 et 156 solidaires de la deuxième planche 143. Avec la roue fixe 140, elles constituent un mécanisme de commande 157 de l'élément coulissant 147, comme on le décrira plus loin.Program wheel 126 is a composite wheel which rotates on a fixed axis 139 fitted with a fixed wheel 140 with six teeth. It includes a first board 141 with entry teeth with twenty-four teeth 142 regularly spaced, one second board 143 provided with an output toothing 144 which will be described later, two satellite wheels 145 and 146 with eight teeth which mesh with the fixed wheel 140, and a sliding movable element 147 provided with a single tooth 148 preceded by a hollow 149 itself preceded by a shoulder 150 in an arc. Elements 140, 145, 146 and 147, which are drawn in bold lines to facilitate reading of the drawing, are housed between boards 141 and 143, in a recess 152 in the second plate 143. The side wall of this recess has two shoulders 153 and 154 forming stops which define the two functional positions of the element sliding 147. The satellite wheels 145 and 146 are rotatable around tenons respective 155 and 156 secured to the second board 143. With the fixed wheel 140, they constitute a control mechanism 157 for the sliding element 147, as will be described later.

La denture de sortie 144 de la roue de programme est une denture à trente-six modules, mais ne comporte que vingt-quatre dents 158 et vingt-neuf creux 159 adjacents à ces dents, les dents et les creux étant disposés en groupes qui sont séparés par cinq lacunes correspondant aux mois de moins de 31 jours. Ces lacunes sont occupées par des épaulements respectifs 160 à 164 en arc de cercle, correspondant respectivement aux mois de février, avril, juin, septembre et novembre. Les épaulements 161 à 164 correspondent à la suppression de deux dents et d'un creux entre celles-ci, pour les mois de 30 jours, tandis que l'épaulement 160 correspond à la suppression de trois dents et deux creux entre celles-ci, pour un mois de février de 29 jours. Dans la position représentée à la figure 7, l'épaulement 150 de l'élément coulissant 147 prolonge d'un module l'épaulement 160, de sorte que ces deux épaulements combinés correspondent à la suppression de quatre dents et trois creux entre celles-ci pour un mois de février normal de 28 jours.The output gear 144 of the program wheel is a thirty-six toothing modules, but has only twenty-four teeth 158 and twenty-nine hollows 159 adjacent to these teeth, the teeth and the recesses being arranged in groups which are separated by five gaps corresponding to months of less than 31 days. These gaps are occupied by respective shoulders 160 to 164 in an arc, corresponding to the months of February, April, June, September and November respectively. The shoulders 161 to 164 correspond to the removal of two teeth and a hollow between them, for the months of 30 days, while the shoulder 160 corresponds to the removal of three teeth and two hollows between them, for one month February 29 days. In the position shown in Figure 7, the shoulder 150 of the sliding element 147 extends the shoulder 160 by one module, so that these two combined shoulders correspond to the removal of four teeth and three hollow between them for a normal 28-day February.

La hauteur des épaulements 150 et 160 à 164, c'est-à-dire leur rayon par rapport au centre 151 de la roue de programme, est suffisante pour que deux dents successives du pignon 130 puissent glisser en s'appuyant contre l'épaulement, bloquant ainsi la position du pignon 130, de la roue 131 (figure 5) et du disque de quantièmes 51 associé à cette dernière. Ainsi, les positions successives du disque de quantièmes sont indexées par la denture de sortie de la roue de programme, sans avoir besoin d'un ressort sautoir. Un indexage de ce genre et ses avantages sont décrits dans le brevet suisse no. 688 671 du même demandeur.The height of the shoulders 150 and 160 to 164, i.e. their radius by relative to the center 151 of the program wheel, is sufficient for two teeth successive pinion 130 can slide by pressing against the shoulder, thus blocking the position of the pinion 130, the wheel 131 (Figure 5) and the disc dates 51 associated with the latter. Thus, the successive positions of the disc of dates are indexed by the output teeth of the program wheel, without need a jumper spring. Such indexing and its benefits are described in Swiss patent no. 688 671 by the same applicant.

On comprendra que le passage de chaque épaulement 160 à 164 devant le pignon 130 fait tourner celui-ci d'un pas, donc a finalement le même effet que le passage d'une des dents 158. It will be understood that the passage of each shoulder 160 to 164 in front of the sprocket 130 turns it one step, so ultimately has the same effect as the passage of one of the teeth 158.

Chaque tour de la roue 124 à une dent 125 produit à une avance de deux pas de la denture d'entrée 142 de la roue de programme, c'est-à-dire un douzième de tour. Entre ces opérations d'avance, la roue de programme est arrêtée par le pourtour circulaire 176 de la roue 124, qui s'appuie en glissant contre la tête des dents 142. La roue de programme, ainsi entraínée douze fois par année, fait un tour complet par année. Dans les figures 7 et 9, la circonférence de la roue de programme est subdivisée en douze secteurs égaux à 30 degrés, numérotés par les chiffres romains I à XII et correspondant aux douze mois de l'année. Le nombre des creux 159 associés à chaque mois détermine le nombre de pas de l'avance effectuée ce mois par le pignon 130, la roue 131 et le disque de quantièmes 51. Ce nombre vaut 0, 1, 2 ou 3 selon que le mois correspondant a vingt-huit, vingt-neuf, trente ou trente et un jours, comme on l'a expliqué plus haut.Each revolution of the wheel 124 to a tooth 125 produces a two-step advance of the input teeth 142 of the program wheel, i.e. one twelfth of tower. Between these advance operations, the program wheel is stopped by the periphery circular 176 of the wheel 124, which presses against the head of the teeth 142. The program wheel, thus driven twelve times a year, does a full revolution by year. In Figures 7 and 9, the circumference of the program wheel is subdivided into twelve sectors equal to 30 degrees, numbered by Roman numerals I to XII and corresponding to the twelve months of the year. The number of hollows 159 associated with each month determines the number of steps of the advance made this month by the pinion 130, the wheel 131 and the date disc 51. This number is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3 depending on whether the month corresponds to twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty or thirty-one days, as explained above.

L'élément coulissant 147 et son mécanisme de commande sont destinés à changer le nombre de pas de l'avance correspondant au mois de février, selon que ce mois a vingt-huit ou vingt-neuf jours. Dans la position représentée à la figure 7, qui correspond à un mois de février de 28 jours, l'élément 147 est en position de retrait et sa dent additionnelle 148 se trouve superposée à une dent 158a de la seconde planche 143. L'épaisseur de la dent 158a correspond à la moitié inférieure de l'épaisseur des autres dents 158 de la denture 144. Les deux dents 148 et 158a ayant exactement la même forme, la dent additionnelle 148 est en quelque sorte escamotée et n'a pas d'effet particulier. Le creux 149 qui la précède se trouve en face d'un creux plus large 166 de la planche 143, lequel est par ailleurs couvert par l'épaulement 150 de l'élément 147. Ainsi, le pignon 130 restera bloqué en glissant sur les épaulements 160 et 150 pendant tout le douzième de tour correspondant au mois de février d'une année normale, et aucun pas d'avance du disque de quantième ne sera effectué.The sliding element 147 and its control mechanism are intended for change the number of steps of the advance corresponding to the month of February, depending on whether months to twenty-eight or twenty-nine days. In the position shown in Figure 7, which corresponds to a 28-day February month, item 147 is in the withdrawal position and its additional tooth 148 is superimposed on a tooth 158a of the second plate 143. The thickness of tooth 158a corresponds to the lower half of the thickness of the other teeth 158 of the teeth 144. The two teeth 148 and 158a having exactly the same shape, the additional tooth 148 is somehow retracted and has no particular effect. The hollow 149 which precedes it is opposite a hollow wider 166 of the board 143, which is also covered by the shoulder 150 of the element 147. Thus, the pinion 130 will remain blocked by sliding on the shoulders 160 and 150 during the whole twelfth of a turn corresponding to the month of February of a normal year, and no advance of the date disc will be made.

Dans la position bissextile représentée à la figure 9, qui correspond à un mois de février de 29 jours, l'élément coulissant 147 est déplacé temporairement vers la gauche par rapport à la figure 7, si bien que sa dent additionnelle 148 est déplacée d'un module par rapport à la denture 144, tandis que le creux adjacent 149 de l'élément coulissant se trouve toujours en face du creux plus large 166 de la denture 144. L'épaulement 150 de l'élément 147 est alors superposé à l'épaulement 160 de la planche 143. La dent 148 et le creux 149 déterminent ainsi le pas unique de l'avance du premier disque de quantièmes à la fin du mois de février d'une année bissextile.In the leap position shown in Figure 9, which corresponds to one month of February of 29 days, the sliding element 147 is temporarily moved towards the left with respect to FIG. 7, so that its additional tooth 148 is displaced of a module relative to the toothing 144, while the adjacent hollow 149 of the sliding element is always opposite the wider hollow 166 of the teeth 144. The shoulder 150 of the element 147 is then superimposed on the shoulder 160 of the plate 143. The tooth 148 and the hollow 149 thus determine the single step of the advance from the first date record at the end of February in a leap year.

Les dents des deux roues satellites 145 et 146 sont agencées pour s'appuyer en glissant contre deux bords correspondants 168 et 169 de l'élément coulissant 147 afin de positionner cet élément, à savoir le déplacer entre ses deux positions représentées aux figures 7 et 9 et le positionner positivement en permanence sans l'aide d'un ressort. Le rapport d'engrenage entre la roue fixe 140 et chacune des roues satellites 145 et 146 étant de 3/4, chaque roue satellite fait trois quarts de tours par année dans le sens de la flèche qu'elle porte. En d'autres termes, d'un mois de février au suivant, elle est décalée d'un quart de tour dans le sens opposé à la flèche. La roue 145 a une dent longue 171 et sept dents courtes 172, de sorte que sa dent longue 171 va pousser l'élément coulissant 147 en février une année sur quatre seulement, ce qui mettra l'élément 147 dans la position bissextile ou active représentée à la figure 9. De l'autre côté, la roue satellite 146 a cinq dents longues 173 qui s'appuient contre le bord 169 de l'élément 147 pour le maintenir dans sa position escamotée de la figure 7, pendant que les dents courtes 172 de l'autre roue satellite 145 passent le long du bord opposé 168 de cet élément. Ce dernier est retenu par butée contre l'épaulement 153. Dans la position de la figure 9, ce sont les trois dents courtes 174 de la roue 146 qui passent librement le long du bord 169 de l'élément 147, lequel est retenu par butée contre l'épaulement 154. Par ailleurs, l'élément 147 présente un bord intérieur incurvé 170 qui peut s'appuyer en glissant contre la tête des dents de la roue fixe 140.The teeth of the two satellite wheels 145 and 146 are arranged to bear by sliding against two corresponding edges 168 and 169 of the sliding element 147 in order to position this element, namely to move it between its two positions shown in Figures 7 and 9 and position it positively permanently without using a spring. The gear ratio between the fixed wheel 140 and each of the satellite wheels 145 and 146 being 3/4, each satellite wheel makes three quarters of a turn per year in the direction of the arrow it carries. In other words, a month's February to the following, it is shifted by a quarter of a turn in the opposite direction to the arrow. The wheel 145 has a long tooth 171 and seven short teeth 172, so that its tooth long 171 will push the sliding element 147 in February every fourth year only, which will put item 147 in the leap or active position shown in Figure 9. On the other side, the satellite wheel 146 has five long teeth 173 which are pressed against the edge 169 of the element 147 to keep it in its retracted position of Figure 7, while the short teeth 172 of the other wheel satellite 145 pass along the opposite edge 168 of this element. This last one is retained by abutment against the shoulder 153. In the position of FIG. 9, these are the three short teeth 174 of the wheel 146 which pass freely along the edge 169 of the element 147, which is retained by abutment against the shoulder 154. Furthermore, element 147 has a curved inner edge 170 which can be supported by sliding against the head of the teeth of the fixed wheel 140.

Entre deux années bissextiles successives, la rotation des roues satellites 145 et 146 va par deux fois mettre temporairement l'élément coulissant 147 dans sa position bissextile, mais ces événements surviendront à d'autres mois que février, si bien que la dent additionnelle 148 sera distante du pignon 130 et n'aura aucun effet à ces moments-là.Between two successive leap years, the rotation of the satellite wheels 145 and 146 will twice temporarily put the sliding element 147 in its leap position, but these events will occur in months other than February, if although the additional tooth 148 will be distant from the pinion 130 and will have no effect those moments.

La seconde roue de programme 127 est identique à la première 126 et fonctionne exactement de la même manière, pour entraíner le second disque de quantième 52 avec le même nombre de pas que le premier, mais avec un décalage d'un demi-mois. Le cas échéant, on peut choisir une autre valeur de ce décalage en modifiant les positions mutuelles des axes des roues de programme et de la roue 124 qui les entraíne.The second program wheel 127 is identical to the first 126 and works exactly the same way, to drive the second disc of calendar 52 with the same number of steps as the first, but with an offset half a month. If necessary, another value of this offset can be chosen by modifying the mutual positions of the axes of the program wheels and of the wheel 124 who trains them.

La description qui précède montre que les roues de programme 126 et 127 du mécanisme de quantième perpétuel peuvent avoir une construction relativement simple et de faible d'épaisseur. En outre, comme les nombres de dents des éléments qui la composent sont relativement faibles, les modules des dentures sont suffisamment grands, ce qui contribue à réduire le coût de fabrication. D'autre part, il faut noter que l'ensemble de ce mécanisme est dépourvu de ressorts de rappel ou de ressorts sautoirs, lesquels auraient l'inconvénient de créer des frottements, donc de l'usure et une influence défavorable sur la marche de la montre.The above description shows that the program wheels 126 and 127 of the perpetual calendar mechanism can have a relatively construction simple and thin. Also, as the numbers of teeth of the elements that make it up are relatively small, the tooth modules are sufficiently large, which contributes to reducing the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, it should be noted that the whole of this mechanism is devoid of return springs or jumper springs, which would have the disadvantage of creating friction, therefore wear and an unfavorable influence on the running of the watch.

Claims (10)

Dispositif à roue de programme pour mécanisme de quantième perpétuel, comportant une roue fixe (140, 203) et une roue de programme (126, 200) qui sont disposées coaxialement, la roue de programme comportant une planche rotative (143, 204) pourvue d'une denture extérieure (144, 205), au moins un élément mobile (147, 212) supporté par ladite planche et ayant une dent escamotable (148, 221), ledit élément étant mobile par rapport à ladite planche entre une position active, où sa dent escamotable est ajoutée ladite denture extérieure par juxtaposition ou superposition, et au moins une position inactive où la dent escamotable est escamotée par rapport à la denture extérieure, et un mécanisme de commande (157, 213) agencé pour déterminer lesdites positions de l'élément mobile et comportant au moins une roue satellite (145, 146, 228) qui s'engrène sur la roue fixe et tourne sur un axe solidaire de ladite planche,    caractérisé en ce que ledit élément mobile (147, 212) est un élément coulissant, monté sur la planche (143, 204) de la roue de programme de façon à pouvoir coulisser entre sa position active et sa position inactive.Program wheel device for perpetual calendar mechanism, comprising a fixed wheel (140, 203) and a program wheel (126, 200) which are arranged coaxially, the program wheel comprising a rotary plate (143, 204) provided with an external toothing (144, 205), at least one movable element (147, 212) supported by said board and having a retractable tooth (148, 221), said element being movable relative to said board between an active position, where its retractable tooth is added said external toothing by juxtaposition or superposition, and at least one inactive position where the retractable tooth is retracted with respect to the external toothing, and a control mechanism (157, 213) arranged to determine said positions of the movable element and comprising at least one satellite wheel (145, 146, 228) which meshes on the fixed wheel and rotates on an axis integral with said board, characterized in that said movable element (147, 212) is a sliding element, mounted on the board (143, 204) of the program wheel so as to be able to slide between its active position and its inactive position. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme de commande (157, 213) comporte des surfaces de came (171-174, 238, 239) situées sur une roue satellite et agencées pour s'appuyer contre un bord (168, 169, 240) de l'élément coulissant pour déterminer les positions respectives de ce bord dans les deux positions de l'élément coulissant.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control mechanism (157, 213) comprises cam surfaces (171-174, 238, 239) located on a satellite wheel and arranged to bear against an edge (168, 169, 240) of the sliding element to determine the respective positions of this edge in the two positions of the sliding element. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de came sont situées sur deux roues satellites (145, 146) coopérant avec deux bords (168, 169) sensiblement opposés de l'élément coulissant (147) pour le déplacer respectivement vers sa position active et vers sa position inactive.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cam surfaces are located on two planet wheels (145, 146) cooperating with two substantially opposite edges (168, 169) of the sliding element (147) to move it respectively towards its active position and towards its inactive position. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la dent escamotable (221) de l'élément coulissant, dans la position inactive, se trouve en retrait par rapport à la denture extérieure.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the retractable tooth (221) of the sliding element, in the inactive position, is set back relative to the external toothing. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la dent escamotable (148) de l'élément coulissant a le même profil qu'une dent (158) de la denture extérieure (144) et se trouve superposée à celle-ci dans la position inactive, tandis qu'elle forme une dent supplémentaire de ladite denture dans la position active.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the retractable tooth (148) of the sliding element has the same profile as a tooth (158) of the external toothing (144) and is superimposed thereon in the position inactive, while it forms an additional tooth of said toothing in the active position. Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un mouvement d'horlogerie et un mécanisme de quantième perpétuel entraíné par ce mouvement, caractérisée en ce que le mécanisme de quantième perpétuel comporte un dispositif à roue de programme selon la revendication 1. Timepiece comprising a timepiece movement and a perpetual calendar mechanism driven by this movement, characterized in that the perpetual calendar mechanism comprises a program wheel device according to claim 1. Pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la roue de programme (200) a une denture extérieure de trente et une dents (205) et est entraínée une fois par jour par une dent (208) d'une roue de vingt-quatre heures (13), en ce que la dent escamotable (221) de l'élément coulissant (212) se trouve superposée à une dent (205) de la denture extérieure dans la position active, tandis qu'elle se trouve en retrait de ladite denture dans la position inactive, et en ce que la roue de vingt-quatre heures (13) comporte une dent supplémentaire (241) disposée de façon à entraíner ladite dent escamotable (221) sans s'engrener sur la denture extérieure de la roue de programme.Timepiece according to claim 6, characterized in that the program wheel (200) has an external toothing of thirty-one teeth (205) and is driven once a day by a tooth (208) of a twenty-four hours (13), in that the retractable tooth (221) of the sliding element (212) is superimposed on a tooth (205) of the external toothing in the active position, while it is in removal of said toothing in the inactive position, and in that the twenty-four hour wheel (13) has an additional tooth (241) arranged so as to drive said retractable tooth (221) without engaging on the outer toothing of the program wheel. Pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le mécanisme de commande (213) comporte des surfaces de came situées sur une roue satellite (231) et agencées pour s'appuyer contre un bord (240) de l'élément coulissant (212) pour déterminer les positions respectives de ce bord dans les deux positions de l'élément coulissant, lesdites surfaces de came étant formées par trois dents longues (238) et des dents courtes (239) de ladite roue satellite (231), les dents longues étant espacées angulairement de 90 degrés, et en ce que le mécanisme de commande (213) entraíne ladite roue satellite (231) à raison d'un quart de tour sept fois par année par rapport à la planche (204) de la roue de programme.Timepiece according to claim 7, characterized in that the control mechanism (213) comprises cam surfaces located on a satellite wheel (231) and arranged to bear against an edge (240) of the sliding element (212) to determine the respective positions of this edge in the two positions of the sliding element, said cam surfaces being formed by three long teeth (238) and short teeth (239) of said satellite wheel (231), the long teeth being spaced angularly 90 degrees, and in that the control mechanism (213) drives said satellite wheel (231) at a quarter turn seven times a year relative to the board (204) of the wheel of program. Pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que la roue de programme (200) comporte en outre une roue satellite des mois (210), pourvue d'une denture à douze dents s'engrenant sur la roue fixe (203) et comprenant cinq dents escamotables (217), et une roue satellite de février (211), pourvue d'une denture à douze dents s'engrenant sur la roue fixe (203) et comprenant une dent escamotable (220), et en ce que la roue de vingt-quatre heures (13) comporte deux autres dents supplémentaires (242, 243) disposées de façon à entraíner respectivement les dents escamotables (217, 220) de la roue des mois et de la roue de février sans s'engrener sur la denture extérieure de la roue de programme.Timepiece according to claim 8, characterized in that the program wheel (200) further comprises a satellite wheel for months (210), provided with a toothing with twelve teeth meshing on the fixed wheel (203) and comprising five retractable teeth (217), and a February satellite wheel (211), provided with a toothing with twelve teeth meshing on the fixed wheel (203) and comprising a retractable tooth (220), and in that the twenty-four hour wheel (13) has two other additional teeth (242, 243) arranged so as to respectively drive the retractable teeth (217, 220) of the month wheel and the February wheel without engaging on the external teeth of the program wheel. Pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que la roue fixe (203) a sept dents et les roues satellites des mois (210) et de février (211) ont douze dents.Timepiece according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixed wheel (203) has seven teeth and the satellite wheels of the months (210) and of February (211) have twelve teeth.
EP02076289A 2002-04-02 2002-04-02 Device with program wheel for perpetual calendar mechanism, and timepiece provided with such a mechanism Expired - Lifetime EP1351104B1 (en)

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DE60230011T DE60230011D1 (en) 2002-04-02 2002-04-02 Device with program wheel for the mechanism of a perpetual calendar as well as clock with such mechanism
EP02076289A EP1351104B1 (en) 2002-04-02 2002-04-02 Device with program wheel for perpetual calendar mechanism, and timepiece provided with such a mechanism
AT02076289T ATE415648T1 (en) 2002-04-02 2002-04-02 DEVICE WITH PROGRAM WHEEL FOR THE MECHANISM OF A PERPETUAL CALENDAR AND WATCH WITH SUCH MECHANISM
CH00588/03A CH696861A5 (en) 2002-04-02 2003-04-02 Device program wheel for perpetual calendar mechanism, and a timepiece including such a mechanism.

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CH711749A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-15 Gfpi Sa Calendar mechanism for timepiece.
JP2018533733A (en) * 2015-11-13 2018-11-15 ジーエフペーイー ソスィエテ アノニムＧｆｐｉ Ｓ．Ａ． Calendar mechanism of clock
WO2017081231A1 (en) 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 Gfpi S.A. Calendar mechanism for a timepiece
CN110471271B (en) * 2018-05-09 2022-05-10 劳力士有限公司 System for calendar
JP2020003476A (en) * 2018-05-09 2020-01-09 ロレックス・ソシエテ・アノニムＲｏｌｅｘ Ｓａ System for watch calendar
CN110471271A (en) * 2018-05-09 2019-11-19 劳力士有限公司 System for table calendar
EP3567438A1 (en) * 2018-05-09 2019-11-13 Rolex Sa Timepiece calendar system
US11347186B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2022-05-31 Rolex Sa System for a watch calendar
IT201900004735A1 (en) 2019-03-29 2020-09-29 La Vallee S R L Indicator device for watchmaking
IT201900004759A1 (en) 2019-03-29 2020-09-29 La Vallee S R L Support structure for watches and clocks comprising this structure
CN114647175A (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-21 布朗潘有限公司 Amplified jump clock display mechanism
EP4016196A1 (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-22 Blancpain SA Timepiece display mechanism with multiple jump
US12117774B2 (en) 2020-12-21 2024-10-15 Blancpain Sa Multiple jump timepiece display mechanism

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EP1351104B1 (en) 2008-11-26
DE60230011D1 (en) 2009-01-08
ATE415648T1 (en) 2008-12-15
CH696861A5 (en) 2007-12-31

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