EP1348100A1 - Heat exchanger with brazed plates - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with brazed plates

Info

Publication number
EP1348100A1
EP1348100A1 EP01989656A EP01989656A EP1348100A1 EP 1348100 A1 EP1348100 A1 EP 1348100A1 EP 01989656 A EP01989656 A EP 01989656A EP 01989656 A EP01989656 A EP 01989656A EP 1348100 A1 EP1348100 A1 EP 1348100A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pattern
sub
exchanger according
legs
wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01989656A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1348100B1 (en
Inventor
Claire Turgis
Fabienne Chatel
Etienne Werlen
Gilles Lebain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1348100A1 publication Critical patent/EP1348100A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1348100B1 publication Critical patent/EP1348100B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/108—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with combined cross flow and parallel flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brazed plate heat exchanger, the passages of which contain at least one corrugated fin of the type comprising in cross section a repetitive corrugated pattern which extends between two upper and lower extreme planes defined by the plates of the 'exchanger.
  • the invention applies in particular to gas-gas cryogenic exchangers of air distillation apparatuses, such as the main heat exchange line of these apparatuses, which cools the incoming air by indirect heat exchange with the cold products. from the distillation column.
  • corrugated fins in question are widely used in heat exchangers with brazed plates, which have the advantage of offering a large heat exchange surface in a relatively small volume, and of being easy to manufacture.
  • the fluid flows can be co-current, counter-current or crossed.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows in perspective, with partial cutaway, an example of such a heat exchanger, of conventional structure, to which the invention applies. It may in particular be a cryogenic heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 1 shown consists of a stack of parallel rectangular plates 2 all identical, which define between them a plurality of passages for fluids to be put in indirect heat exchange relationship.
  • these passages are successively and cylindrically passages 3 for a first fluid, 4 " for a second fluid and 5 for a third fluid.
  • Each passage 3 to 5 is bordered by closing bars 6 which delimit it, leaving free windows 7 inlet / outlet of the corresponding fluid.
  • wave-spacers or corrugated fins 8 serving both as thermal fins, as spacers between the plates, in particular during brazing and to avoid any deformation of the plates when using fluids under pressure. , and for guiding the flow of fluids.
  • the stack of plates, closing bars and spacer waves is generally made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and is assembled in a single operation by brazing in the oven.
  • Fluid inlet / outlet boxes 9, of generally semi-cylindrical shape, are then welded to the exchanger body thus produced so as to cover the rows of corresponding inlet / outlet windows, and they are connected to pipes 10 for supplying and discharging fluids.
  • spacer waves 8 There are various types of spacer waves 8. We can thus cite _ straight fins, with rectilinear generatrices, possibly perforated, so-called “herringbone” fins, with sinuous generatrices, louvered fins, including the wave legs have rows of punctures, and fins with partial offset or "serrated".
  • the cross section of the wave can be square, rectangular, triangular, sinusoidal, etc.
  • the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger with brazed plates, of the type comprising a stack of parallel plates which define a plurality of circulation passages for fluids of generally flat shape, closing bars which delimit these passages, and corrugated fins arranged in the passages, at least part of the corrugated fins being of the type comprising in cross section a repetitive corrugated pattern which extends between two upper and lower extreme planes defined by two adjacent plates of the exchanger, characterized in that • the pattern comprises a basic wavy pattern comprising wave legs connected by wave vertices and wave bases, this basic pattern being modified by a sub-pattern which defines, between at least certain pairs of wave legs, additional exchange surfaces located at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes.
  • the pattern comprises a basic wavy pattern comprising wave legs connected by wave vertices and wave bases, this basic pattern being modified by a sub-pattern which defines, between at least certain pairs of wave legs, additional exchange surfaces located at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes.
  • the sub-pattern defines an undulation which extends only over a fraction of the distance which separates the two extreme planes.
  • the sub-motif comprises at least one n ⁇ n-vertical part situated at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes.
  • the sub-motif further comprises pairs of legs which connect the non-vertical parts alternately to a wave summit and to a wave base. - the legs are vertical.
  • the sub-motif comprises at least one additional oblique exchange surface.
  • the sub-motif has a V-shaped section.
  • the sub-motif comprises a tier adjacent to at least certain legs of the main motif.
  • the fin is partially offset.
  • the offset distances ensure an offset of the main pattern both relative to itself and relative to the sub-pattern. - the pattern is found every N rows of waves, with N
  • At least some parts of at least some bases and / or sub-patterns include a notch on at least one leading and / or trailing edge and on at least part of their height or their width.
  • the cross section of the wave is square, rectangular, triangular or sinusoidal.
  • the basic wavy pattern is constant over the entire length of the two extreme planes.
  • FIG. 2 shows in perspective a serrated fin according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is an end view of this fin
  • - Figure 4 is an end view of a variant
  • FIG. 5 shows in perspective another serrated fin according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the fin of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is an end view of the fin of Figure 5; and
  • FIG. 8 is an end view of another serrated fin according to the invention.
  • the serrated fin 1 shown in Figures 2 and 3 has a main general direction of wave Dl and includes a large number of adjacent rows of waves all identical 12A, 12B, ..., oriented in a direction D2 perpendicular to the direction dl.
  • the directions Dl and D2 are horizontal, the same as the plates 2 of one exchanger.
  • Each row of waves 12 has, in cross section perpendicular to D1, a basic pattern M which includes two vertical wave legs 13. With respect to a general direction F of fluid flow in the direction Dl in the passage considered, each leg has an edge leading edge 14 and a trailing edge 15. The legs are connected alternately along their upper edge by a rectangular, planar and horizontal wave vertex 16, and along their lower edge by a wave base 17 also rectangular, flat and horizontal.
  • the base pattern M is modified by a sub-pattern M1 constituted by a rectangular projection extending downwards in the middle of each vertex 16 and upwards in the middle of each base 17.
  • Each sub-pattern M1 consists of a flat end portion 18 located halfway between the extreme planes defined by the adjacent plates 2, and two vertical tabs 19 which connect the edges thereof to the sum. 16 or the corresponding base 17.
  • each sub-pattern forms a niche which penetrates between, the two adjacent legs 1 13.
  • This slot defines three additional exchange surfaces, namely a horizontal exchange surface 20 and two vertical exchange surfaces 21.
  • the rows 12 are offset with respect to each other in the direction D2, alternately in one direction and in the other.-
  • step the distance £ which separates two successive legs 12 (disregarding the thickness e of the thin sheet material which constitutes the wave)
  • the offset is p_ / 6 alternately in one direction and the other, while the width of the slot Ml is p / 3.
  • each row 12 is connected to the next row 12 by the vertices 16, along line segments 22 of length p / 6, and by the bases 17, along line segments 23 of the same length, p / ⁇ .
  • the offset planes are the vertical planes such as PAB and the offset lines, when viewed from above, are designated by 24.
  • 1_ denotes the length of each row 12 in the direction Dl, this length being called “tightening length”, and by h the height of the fin.
  • the shapes of the various parts of the waves may differ more or less from the theoretical shapes described above, in particular as regards the flatness and the rectangular shape of the facets 13 and 16 to 19, and the verticality of the facets 13 and 19 .
  • the patterns M are offset laterally with respect to themselves and with respect to the patterns M1, that is to say that the legs 13 of a given row of tightening 12 each appear between a leg 13 of the adjacent rows and a tab 19 with a neighboring sub-pattern M1. Conversely, the legs 19 of the same row 12 each appear either between two legs 19, or between a leg 19 and a leg 13, adjacent rows 12.
  • the separation of the flow is increased at each offset line 24, which increases the temperature difference between the fluid and the fin and thus increases the heat flow exchanged.
  • the presence of additional leading edges 20 and 21 also generates vortices within the fluid which promote the transfer of heat by convection to the core of the flow and not by conduction through the boundary layer, which is favorable to heat exchange.
  • the variant of Figure 4 differs from that of Figure 3 by a greater depth of the slots Ml, this depth going from h / 2 to 2h / 3 approximately. This reduces the preferential flow zones which escape the beneficial effect of the slots Ml described above.
  • Each row has, as previously, the same rectangular base pattern M, comprising vertical legs 13 spaced apart from the step £ and connected alternately by a wave top 16 of width and by a wave base 17 of the same width p_.
  • the pattern M is modified by a sub-pattern M1A to M1D.
  • - sub-pattern M1A in each undulation open upwards, the lower part of the right leg 13 is deformed by a step which has a horizontal part 24 located at mid-height of the leg and a vertical part 25 located at mid -distance between this leg and the other leg of the ripple.
  • the lower half of the leg and the right half of the adjacent wave base are removed, as shown in phantom.
  • each sub-pattern Ml is triangular and no longer rectangular or square. It thus introduces into each wave two oblique leading edges 25, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry P of the wave.
  • the height of the triangle is h / 2, but, as before, it can have a different value, in particular ' greater than h / 2 to reduce the preferential flow zones.
  • the presence of the sub-patterns M1 causes passage restrictions at the level of the offset lines, and therefore pressure drops.
  • This pressure drop may possibly be reduced by providing notches judiciously placed in at least certain leading and / or trailing edges of the patterns M and / or M1. These notches will preferably be located opposite the leading and / or trailing edges of the sub-patterns M1, or in these, as indicated by dashed lines at 26 in FIG. 2.
  • fin whatever the type of fin, it can be made from either a full sheet, or a perforated sheet or otherwise provided with lights.

Abstract

The invention concerns a heat exchanger comprising a stack of plates defining passages, containing corrugated fins comprising a transverse section with repeated corrugated pattern extending between two upper and lower end planes. The pattern comprises a base corrugated pattern (M) comprising corrugated legs (13) linked to corrugated summits (16) and corrugated bases (17), said base pattern being modified by a sub-pattern (M1) which defines, between at least some corrugated legs, additional leading edges (20, 21) located at an intermediate level between the end planes. The invention is applicable to cryogenic gas-gas heat exchangers.

Description

ECHANGEUR DE CHALEUR A PLAQUES BRASEES HEAT EXCHANGER WITH BRAZED PLATES
La présente invention est relative à un échangeur de chaleur à plaques brasées, dont les passages contiennent au moins une ailette ondulée du type comprenant en section transversale un motif répétitif ondulé qui s'étend entre deux plans extrêmes supérieur et inférieur définis par les plaques de l' échangeur.The present invention relates to a brazed plate heat exchanger, the passages of which contain at least one corrugated fin of the type comprising in cross section a repetitive corrugated pattern which extends between two upper and lower extreme planes defined by the plates of the 'exchanger.
L'invention s'applique en particulier aux échangeurs cryogéniques gaz-gaz des appareils de distillation d'air, tels que la ligne d'échange thermique principale de ces appareils, qui refroidit l'air entrant par échange de chaleur indirect avec les produits froids issus de la colonne de distillation.The invention applies in particular to gas-gas cryogenic exchangers of air distillation apparatuses, such as the main heat exchange line of these apparatuses, which cools the incoming air by indirect heat exchange with the cold products. from the distillation column.
Les ailettes ondulées en question sont largement utilisées dans les échangeurs de chaleurs à plaques brasées, qui présentent l'avantage d'offrir une grande surface d'échange thermique dans un volume relativement réduit, et d'être faciles à fabriquer. Dans ces échangeurs, les écoulements des fluides peuvent être à co-courant, à contre-courant ou croisés.The corrugated fins in question are widely used in heat exchangers with brazed plates, which have the advantage of offering a large heat exchange surface in a relatively small volume, and of being easy to manufacture. In these exchangers, the fluid flows can be co-current, counter-current or crossed.
La Figure 1 des dessins annexés représente en perspective, avec des arrachements partiels, un exemple d'un tel échangeur de chaleur, de structure classique, auquel s'applique l'invention. Il peut s'agir en particulier d'un échangeur de chaleur cryogénique.Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shows in perspective, with partial cutaway, an example of such a heat exchanger, of conventional structure, to which the invention applies. It may in particular be a cryogenic heat exchanger.
L' échangeur de chaleur 1 représenté est constitué d'un empilement de plaques rectangulaires parallèles 2 toutes identiques, qui définissent entre elles une pluralité de passages pour des fluides à mettre en relation d'échange thermique indirect. Dans l'exemple représenté, ces passages sont successivement et cylindriquement des passages 3 pour un premier fluide, 4" pour un deuxième fluide et 5 pour un troisième fluide.The heat exchanger 1 shown consists of a stack of parallel rectangular plates 2 all identical, which define between them a plurality of passages for fluids to be put in indirect heat exchange relationship. In the example shown, these passages are successively and cylindrically passages 3 for a first fluid, 4 " for a second fluid and 5 for a third fluid.
Chaque passage 3 à 5 est bordé de barres de fermeture 6 qui le délimitent en laissant libres des fenêtres 7 d'entrée/sortie du fluide correspondant. Dans chaque passage sont disposées des ondes-entretoises ou ailettes ondulées 8 servant à la fois d'ailettes thermiques, d' entretoises entre les plaques, notamment lors du brasage et pour éviter toute déformation des plaques lors de la mise en œuvre de fluides sous pression, et de guidage des écoulements des fluides.Each passage 3 to 5 is bordered by closing bars 6 which delimit it, leaving free windows 7 inlet / outlet of the corresponding fluid. In each passage are arranged wave-spacers or corrugated fins 8 serving both as thermal fins, as spacers between the plates, in particular during brazing and to avoid any deformation of the plates when using fluids under pressure. , and for guiding the flow of fluids.
L'empilement des plaques, des barres de fermeture et des ondes-entretoises est généralement réalisé en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium et est assemblé en une seule opération par brasage au four.The stack of plates, closing bars and spacer waves is generally made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and is assembled in a single operation by brazing in the oven.
Des boîtes 9 d'entrée/sortie de fluide, de forme générale semi-cylindrique, sont ensuite soudées sur le corps d' échangeur ainsi réalisé de façon à coiffer les rangées de fenêtres d'entrée/sortie correspondantes, et elles sont reliées à des conduites 10 d'amenée et .d'évacuation des fluides.Fluid inlet / outlet boxes 9, of generally semi-cylindrical shape, are then welded to the exchanger body thus produced so as to cover the rows of corresponding inlet / outlet windows, and they are connected to pipes 10 for supplying and discharging fluids.
Il existe divers types d'ondes-entretoises 8. On peut ainsi citer _ les ailettes droites, à génératrices' rectilignes, éventuellement perforées, les ailettes dites « herringbone », à génératrices sinueuses, les ailettes à persiennes, dont les jambes d'ondes présentent des rangées de crevés, et les ailettes à décalage partiel ou « serrated ». Dans ces diverses ailettes, la section transversale de l'onde peut être carrée, rectangulaire, triangulaire, sinusoïdale, etc.There are various types of spacer waves 8. We can thus cite _ straight fins, with rectilinear generatrices, possibly perforated, so-called "herringbone" fins, with sinuous generatrices, louvered fins, including the wave legs have rows of punctures, and fins with partial offset or "serrated". In these various fins, the cross section of the wave can be square, rectangular, triangular, sinusoidal, etc.
L'invention a pour but d'améliorer les performances thermiques des échangeurs à ailettes ondulées. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un échangeur de chaleur à plaques brasées, du type comprenant un empilement de plaques parallèles qui définissent une pluralité de passages de circulation de fluides de forme générale plate, des barres de fermeture qui délimitent ces passages, et des ailettes ondulées disposées dans les passages, au moins une partie des ailettes ondulées étant du type comprenant en section transversale un motif répétitif ondulé qui s'étend entre deux plans extrêmes supérieur et inférieur définis par deux plaques adjacentes de l' échangeur, caractérisé en ce que • le motif comprend un motif ondulé de base comprenant des jambes d'ondes reliées par des sommets d'ondes et des bases d'ondes , ce motif de base étant modifié par un sous-motif qui définit, entre au moins certaines paires de jambes d'ondes, des surfaces d'échange additionnelles situées à un niveau intermédiaire entre les deux plans extrêmes. Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs :The invention aims to improve the thermal performance of exchangers with corrugated fins. To this end, the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger with brazed plates, of the type comprising a stack of parallel plates which define a plurality of circulation passages for fluids of generally flat shape, closing bars which delimit these passages, and corrugated fins arranged in the passages, at least part of the corrugated fins being of the type comprising in cross section a repetitive corrugated pattern which extends between two upper and lower extreme planes defined by two adjacent plates of the exchanger, characterized in that • the pattern comprises a basic wavy pattern comprising wave legs connected by wave vertices and wave bases, this basic pattern being modified by a sub-pattern which defines, between at least certain pairs of wave legs, additional exchange surfaces located at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes. According to other optional aspects:
- le sous-motif définit une sous-ondulation qui ne s'étend que sur une fraction de la distance qui sépare les deux plans extrêmes. le sous-motif comprend au moins une partie nόn- verticale située à un niveau intermédiaire entre les deux plans extrêmes .- the sub-pattern defines an undulation which extends only over a fraction of the distance which separates the two extreme planes. the sub-motif comprises at least one nόn-vertical part situated at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes.
- le sous-motif comprend en outre des paires de pattes qui relient les parties non-verticales alternativement à un sommet d'ondes et à une base d'onde . - les pattes sont verticales.- The sub-motif further comprises pairs of legs which connect the non-vertical parts alternately to a wave summit and to a wave base. - the legs are vertical.
- le sous-motif comprend au moins une surface d'échange additionnelle oblique .- The sub-motif comprises at least one additional oblique exchange surface.
- le sous-motif a une section en V.- the sub-motif has a V-shaped section.
- le sous-motif comprend un gradin adjacent à au moins certaines jambes du motif principal .- The sub-motif comprises a tier adjacent to at least certain legs of the main motif.
- l'ailette est à décalage partiel.- the fin is partially offset.
- les distances de décalage assurent un décalage du motif principal à la fois par rapport à lui-même et par rapport au sous-motif . - le motif se retrouve tous les N rangs d'ondes, avec Nthe offset distances ensure an offset of the main pattern both relative to itself and relative to the sub-pattern. - the pattern is found every N rows of waves, with N
> 3 et en particulier N = 4.> 3 and in particular N = 4.
- au moins certaines parties d'au moins certaines bases et/ou sous-motifs comportent une échancrure sur au moins un bord d'attaque et/ou de 'fuite et sur au moins une partie de leur hauteur ou de leur largeur. la section transversale de l'onde est carrée, rectangulaire, triangulaire ou sinusoïdale. le motif ondulé de base est constant sur toute la longueur des deux plans extrêmes .- At least some parts of at least some bases and / or sub-patterns include a notch on at least one leading and / or trailing edge and on at least part of their height or their width. the cross section of the wave is square, rectangular, triangular or sinusoidal. the basic wavy pattern is constant over the entire length of the two extreme planes.
Dans ce qui suit, on s'intéressera essentiellement aux ailettes serrated , mais on comprendra que l'invention s'applique également aux autres types d'ailettes décrits ci-dessus.In what follows, we will focus mainly on serrated fins, but it will be understood that the invention also applies to the other types of fins described above.
Des exemples de réalisation de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :Examples of embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la Figure 2 représente en perspective une ailette serrated conforme à l'invention ; la Figure 3 est une vue en bout de cette ailette ; - la figure 4 est une vue en bout d'une variante ; ~ - Figure 2 shows in perspective a serrated fin according to the invention; Figure 3 is an end view of this fin; - Figure 4 is an end view of a variant; ~
- la Figure 5 représente en perspective une autre ailette serrated suivant l'invention ;- Figure 5 shows in perspective another serrated fin according to the invention;
- la Figure 6 est une vue en perspective éclatée de l'ailette de la Figure 5 ; - la Figure 7 est une vue en bout de l'ailette de la Figure 5 ;et- Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the fin of Figure 5; - Figure 7 is an end view of the fin of Figure 5; and
- la Figure 8 est une vue en bout d'une autre ailette serrated suivant l'invention.- Figure 8 is an end view of another serrated fin according to the invention.
L'ailette serrated 1 représentée aux Figures 2 et 3 possède une direction générale principale d'ondulation Dl et comprend un grand nombre de rangées d'ondes adjacentes toutes identiques 12A, 12B, ... , orientées suivant une direction D2 perpendiculaire à la direction Dl. Pour la commodité de la description, on supposera que, comme représenté sur la Figure 2, les directions Dl et D2 sont horizontales, la même que les plaques 2 de 1' échangeur.The serrated fin 1 shown in Figures 2 and 3 has a main general direction of wave Dl and includes a large number of adjacent rows of waves all identical 12A, 12B, ..., oriented in a direction D2 perpendicular to the direction dl. For the convenience of the description, it will be assumed that, as shown in Figure 2, the directions Dl and D2 are horizontal, the same as the plates 2 of one exchanger.
Chaque rangée d'ondes 12 a, en section transversale perpendiculaire à Dl, un motif de base M qui comporte deux jambes d'ondes 13 verticales. Vis-à-vis d'un sens général F d'écoulement du fluide suivant la direction Dl dans le passage considéré, chaque jambe comporte un bord d'attaque 14 et un bord de fuite 15. Les jambes sont reliées alternativement le long de leur bord supérieur par un sommet d'onde 16 rectangulaire, plan et horizontal, et le long de leur bord inférieur par une base d'onde 17 également rectangulaire, plane et horizontale.Each row of waves 12 has, in cross section perpendicular to D1, a basic pattern M which includes two vertical wave legs 13. With respect to a general direction F of fluid flow in the direction Dl in the passage considered, each leg has an edge leading edge 14 and a trailing edge 15. The legs are connected alternately along their upper edge by a rectangular, planar and horizontal wave vertex 16, and along their lower edge by a wave base 17 also rectangular, flat and horizontal.
Le motif de base M est modifié par un sous-motif Ml constitué par une saillie rectangulaire s' étendant vers le bas au milieu de chaque sommet 16 et vers le haut au milieu de chaque base 17.The base pattern M is modified by a sub-pattern M1 constituted by a rectangular projection extending downwards in the middle of each vertex 16 and upwards in the middle of each base 17.
Chaque sous-motif Ml est constitué d'une partie d'extrémité plane 18 située à mi-distance des plans extrêmes définis par les plaques 2 adjacentes, et deux pattes verticales 19 qui en relient les bords au somme . 16 ou à la base 17 correspondant.Each sub-pattern M1 consists of a flat end portion 18 located halfway between the extreme planes defined by the adjacent plates 2, and two vertical tabs 19 which connect the edges thereof to the sum. 16 or the corresponding base 17.
Ainsi, chaque sous-motif forme un créneau qui pénètre entre, les deux jambes 113 adjacentes. Ce créneau définit trois surfaces d'échange supplémentaires, 'à savoir une surface d'échange horizontale 20 et deux surfaces d'échange verticales 21.Thus, each sub-pattern forms a niche which penetrates between, the two adjacent legs 1 13. This slot defines three additional exchange surfaces, namely a horizontal exchange surface 20 and two vertical exchange surfaces 21.
Les rangées 12 sont décalées les unes par rapport aux autres suivant la direction D2, alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre.- En appelant « pas » la distance £ qui sépare deux jambes 12 successives (en faisant abstraction de l'épaisseur e de la matière en feuille mince qui constitue l'onde), le décalage est p_/6 alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre, alors que la largeur du créneau Ml est p/3. ' -The rows 12 are offset with respect to each other in the direction D2, alternately in one direction and in the other.- By calling “step” the distance £ which separates two successive legs 12 (disregarding the thickness e of the thin sheet material which constitutes the wave), the offset is p_ / 6 alternately in one direction and the other, while the width of the slot Ml is p / 3. '-
Ainsi, chaque rangée 12 est reliée à la rangée 12 suivante par les sommets 16, suivant des segments de droite 22 de longueur p/6, et par les bases 17, suivant des segments de droites 23 de même longueur, p/β. Les plans de décalage sont les plans verticaux tels que PAB et les lignes de décalage, en vue de dessus, sont désignées par 24.Thus, each row 12 is connected to the next row 12 by the vertices 16, along line segments 22 of length p / 6, and by the bases 17, along line segments 23 of the same length, p / β. The offset planes are the vertical planes such as PAB and the offset lines, when viewed from above, are designated by 24.
Par ailleurs, on désigne par 1_ la longueur de chaque rangée 12 suivant la direction Dl, cette longueur étant appelée « longueur de serration », et par h la hauteur de l'ailette.Furthermore, 1_ denotes the length of each row 12 in the direction Dl, this length being called "tightening length", and by h the height of the fin.
En pratique, les formes des diverses parties des ondes peuvent différer plus ou moins des formes théoriques décrites ci-dessus, notamment en ce qui concerne la planéité et la forme rectangulaire des facettes 13 et 16 à 19, et la verticalité des facettes 13 et 19.In practice, the shapes of the various parts of the waves may differ more or less from the theoretical shapes described above, in particular as regards the flatness and the rectangular shape of the facets 13 and 16 to 19, and the verticality of the facets 13 and 19 .
En vue en bout (Figure 3), les motifs M sont décalés latéralement par rapport à eux-mêmes et par rapport aux motifs Ml, c'est-à-dire que les jambes 13 d'une rangée de serration 12 donnée apparaissent chacune entre une jambe 13 des rangées adjacentes et une patte 19 d'un sous-motif Ml voisin. Inversement, les pattes 19 de la même rangée 12 apparaissent chacune soit entre deux pattes 19, soit entre une patte 19 et une jambe 13, des rangées 12 adjacentes.In end view (Figure 3), the patterns M are offset laterally with respect to themselves and with respect to the patterns M1, that is to say that the legs 13 of a given row of tightening 12 each appear between a leg 13 of the adjacent rows and a tab 19 with a neighboring sub-pattern M1. Conversely, the legs 19 of the same row 12 each appear either between two legs 19, or between a leg 19 and a leg 13, adjacent rows 12.
Grâce à la présence des sous-motifs Ml, la séparation de l'écoulement est augmentée au niveau de chaque ligne de décalage 24, ce qui accroît la différence de température entre le fluide et l'ailette et accroît ainsi le flux de chaleur échangé. La présence de bords d'attaque supplémentaires 20 et 21 génère de plus au sein du fluide des tourbillons qui favorisent le transfert de chaleur par convection vers le cœur de l'écoulement et non par conduction à travers la couche limite, ce qui est favorable à l'échange thermique.Thanks to the presence of the sub-patterns M1, the separation of the flow is increased at each offset line 24, which increases the temperature difference between the fluid and the fin and thus increases the heat flow exchanged. The presence of additional leading edges 20 and 21 also generates vortices within the fluid which promote the transfer of heat by convection to the core of the flow and not by conduction through the boundary layer, which is favorable to heat exchange.
La variante de la Figure 4 diffère de celle de la Figure 3 par une plus grande profondeur des créneaux Ml, cette profondeur passant de h/2 à 2h/3 environ. On réduit de cette manière les zones d'écoulement préférentiel qui échappent à l'effet bénéfique des créneaux Ml décrit plus haut.The variant of Figure 4 differs from that of Figure 3 by a greater depth of the slots Ml, this depth going from h / 2 to 2h / 3 approximately. This reduces the preferential flow zones which escape the beneficial effect of the slots Ml described above.
Dans le même objectif, les Figures 5 à 7 représentent une ailette serrated dont le motif M+Ml se retrouve non pas une rangée sur deux, mais une rangée sur N, avec N > 3. Ceci permet d'augmenter la symétrie de l'écoulement. Dans l'exemple représenté, N = 4. On décrira par suite ci-dessous quatre rangées successives 12A à 12D.For the same purpose, Figures 5 to 7 represent a serrated fin whose pattern M + Ml is not found in every other row, but one row in N, with N> 3. This makes it possible to increase the symmetry of the flow. In the example shown, N = 4. As a result, four successive rows 12A to 12D will be described below.
Chaque rangée a, comme précédemment, un même motif de base M rectangulaire, comprenant des jambes verticales 13 espacées du pas £ et reliées alternativement par un sommet d'ondes 16 de largeur et par une base d'ondes 17 de même largeur p_. Le motif M est modifié par un sous-motif M1A à M1D. - sous-motif M1A : dans chaque ondulation ouverte vers le haut, la partie inférieure de la jambe 13 de droite est déformée par un gradin qui comporte une partie horizontale 24 située à mi-hauteur de la jambe et une partie verticale 25 située à mi-distance entre cette jambe et l'autre jambe de l'ondulation. Ainsi, la moitié inférieure de la jambe et la moitié de droite de la base d'onde adjacente sont supprimées, comme indiqué en traits mixtes.Each row has, as previously, the same rectangular base pattern M, comprising vertical legs 13 spaced apart from the step £ and connected alternately by a wave top 16 of width and by a wave base 17 of the same width p_. The pattern M is modified by a sub-pattern M1A to M1D. - sub-pattern M1A: in each undulation open upwards, the lower part of the right leg 13 is deformed by a step which has a horizontal part 24 located at mid-height of the leg and a vertical part 25 located at mid -distance between this leg and the other leg of the ripple. Thus, the lower half of the leg and the right half of the adjacent wave base are removed, as shown in phantom.
- sous-motif MlB : dans chaque ondulation ouverte vers le bas, la partie supérieure de la jambe 13 de gauche est déformée par un gradin analogue, c'est à dire rectangulaire et de dimensions p/2 et h/2.- MlB sub-pattern: in each undulation open downwards, the upper part of the left leg 13 is deformed by a similar step, that is to say rectangular and of dimensions p / 2 and h / 2.
- sous-motif MIC : dans chaque ondulation ouverte vers le haut, la partie inférieure de la jambe 13 de gauche est déformée par un gradin analogue. Ce sous- motif est donc symétrique par rapport au sous-motif MlA.- MIC sub-pattern: in each undulation open upwards, the lower part of the left leg 13 is deformed by a similar step. This sub-pattern is therefore symmetrical with respect to the MlA sub-pattern.
- sous-motif M1D : dans chaque ondulation ouverte vers le bas, la partie supérieure de la jambe 13 de droite est déformée par un gradin analogue. Ce sous- motif est donc symétrique par rapport au sous-motif MlB.- M1D sub-pattern: in each undulation open downwards, the upper part of the right leg 13 is deformed by a similar step. This sub-pattern is therefore symmetrical with respect to the MlB sub-pattern.
Par ailleurs, dans ce mode de réalisation, le décalage d'une rangée à la suivante est p/2, alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre (?). On a indiqué sur les Figures 5 et 6 deux plans verticaux voisins PI et P2, pour faciliter la compréhension de la structure de l'ailette. Le mode de réalisation de la Figure 8 est dérivé de celui de la Figure 3 par le fait que chaque sous-motif Ml est triangulaire et non plus rectangulaire ou carré. Il introduit ainsi dans chaque onde deux bords d'attaque obliques 25, symétriques par rapport au plan vertical de symétrie P de l'onde.Furthermore, in this embodiment, the offset from one row to the next is p / 2, alternately in one direction and in the other (?). Two neighboring vertical planes PI and P2 have been indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6, to facilitate understanding of the structure of the fin. The embodiment of Figure 8 is derived from that of Figure 3 by the fact that each sub-pattern Ml is triangular and no longer rectangular or square. It thus introduces into each wave two oblique leading edges 25, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry P of the wave.
Dans l'exemple représenté, la hauteur du triangle est h/2, mais, comme précédemment, elle peut avoir une valeur différente, notamment' supérieure à h/2 pour réduire les zones d'écoulement préférentiel.In the example shown, the height of the triangle is h / 2, but, as before, it can have a different value, in particular ' greater than h / 2 to reduce the preferential flow zones.
Dans tous les exemples ci-dessus, on obtient des performances thermiques élevées de l' échangeur, avec un écoulement fortement divisé et turbulent et de configuration bidimensionnelle, voire tridimensionnelle. On remarque que la fabrication des ailettes peut être réalisée par simple pliage d'un produit plat à la presse ou à, la molette, comme pour les ailettes ondulées, notamment serrated, classiques. En effet, les surfaces sont toutes développables, de sorte qu'il suffit d'adapter le profil des outils de pliage.In all the above examples, high thermal performance of the exchanger is obtained, with a highly divided and turbulent flow and of two-dimensional, even three-dimensional configuration. It is noted that the manufacture of the fins can be carried out by simple folding of a flat product with the press or with the wheel, as for the corrugated fins, in particular serrated, conventional. Indeed, the surfaces are all developable, so that it suffices to adapt the profile of the folding tools.
La présence des sous-motifs Ml provoque des restrictions de passage au niveau des lignes de décalage, et donc des pertes de charge. On peut éventuellement réduire ces pertes de charge en prévoyant des echancrures judicieusement placées dans au moins certains bords d'attaque et/ou de fuite des motifs M et/ou Ml. Ces echancrures seront de préférence situées en regard des bords d'attaques et/ou de fuite des sous- motifs Ml, ou dans ceux-ci, comme indiqué en traits mixtes en 26 sur la Figure 2 .The presence of the sub-patterns M1 causes passage restrictions at the level of the offset lines, and therefore pressure drops. This pressure drop may possibly be reduced by providing notches judiciously placed in at least certain leading and / or trailing edges of the patterns M and / or M1. These notches will preferably be located opposite the leading and / or trailing edges of the sub-patterns M1, or in these, as indicated by dashed lines at 26 in FIG. 2.
Quel que soit le type d'ailette, celle-ci peut être réalisée à partir soit d'une tôle pleine, soit d'une tôle perforée ou munie autrement de lumières. Whatever the type of fin, it can be made from either a full sheet, or a perforated sheet or otherwise provided with lights.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Echangeur de chaleur à plaques brasées, du type comprenant un empilement de plaques parallèles (2) qui définissent une pluralité de passages (3 à 5) de circulation de fluides de forme générale plate, des barres de fermeture (6) qui délimitent ces passages, et des ailettes ondulées (8) disposées dans les passages, au moins une partie des ailettes ondulées (8) étant du type comprenant en section transversale un motif répétitif ondulé qui s'étend entre deux plans extrêmes supérieur et inférieur définis par deux plaques adjacentes de l' échangeur, caractérisé en ce que le motif comprend un motif ondulé de base (M) comprenant des jambes d'ondes (13) reliées par des sommets d'ondes (16) et des bases d'ondes (17), ce motif de base étant modifié par un sous-motif (Ml) qui définit, entre au moins certaines paires de jambes d'ondes, des surfaces d'échange additionnelles (20, 21) situées à un niveau intermédiaire entre les deux plans extrêmes. 1. Brazed plate heat exchanger, of the type comprising a stack of parallel plates (2) which define a plurality of passageways (3 to 5) for circulation of fluids of generally flat shape, closing bars (6) which delimit these passages, and corrugated fins (8) arranged in the passages, at least part of the corrugated fins (8) being of the type comprising in cross section a repetitive corrugated pattern which extends between two upper and lower extreme planes defined by two plates adjacent to the exchanger, characterized in that the pattern comprises a basic wavy pattern (M) comprising wave legs (13) connected by wave vertices (16) and wave bases (17), this basic pattern being modified by a sub-pattern (Ml) which defines, between at least certain pairs of wave legs, additional exchange surfaces (20, 21) located at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes.
2. Echangeur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le sous-motif (Ml) définit une sous-ondulation qui ne s'étend que sur une fraction de la distance qui sépare les deux plans extrêmes.2. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-pattern (Ml) defines a sub-ripple which extends only over a fraction of the distance which separates the two extreme planes.
3. Echangeur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le sous-motif comprend au moins une partie non-verticale (18) située à un niveau intermédiaire entre les deux plans extrêmes.3. Exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sub-motif comprises at least one non-vertical part (18) located at an intermediate level between the two extreme planes.
4. Echangeur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le sous-motif (Ml) comprend en outre des paires de pattes (19) qui relient les parties non-verticales (18) alternativement à un sommet; d'ondes (16) et à une base d'onde (17) . 4. Exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the sub-pattern (Ml) further comprises pairs of legs (19) which connect the non-vertical parts (18) alternately to a vertex; waves (16) and a wave base (17).
5. Echangeur suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les pattes (19) sont verticales.5. Exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the legs (19) are vertical.
6. Echangeur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le sous-motif (Ml) comprend au moins une surface d'échange additionnelle oblique (25).6. Exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sub-pattern (Ml) comprises at least one additional oblique exchange surface (25).
7. Echangeur suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le sous-motif (Ml) a une section en V.7. Exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that the sub-pattern (Ml) has a V section.
8. Echangeur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérise en ce que le sous-motif (Ml) comprend un gradin (24,25) adjacent à au moins certaines jambes (13) du motif principal (M) .8. Exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sub-motif (Ml) comprises a step (24,25) adjacent to at least certain legs (13) of the main motif (M).
9. Echangeur suivant l'une quelconques des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'ailette (11) est à décalage partiel.9. Exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fin (11) is partially offset.
10. Echangeur suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé -en ce que les distances de décalage assurent un décalage du motif principal (M) à la fois par rapport à lui-même et par rapport au sous-motif (Ml) . 10. Exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that the offset distances ensure an offset of the main pattern (M) both relative to itself and relative to the sub-pattern (Ml).
11. Echangeur suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le motif (M,Ml) se retrouve tous les N rangs d'ondes, avec N > 3.11. Exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that the pattern (M, Ml) is found every N rows of waves, with N> 3.
12. Echangeur suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que N ≈ 4. Echangeur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications l à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins certaines parties d'au moins certaines bases (M) et/ou sous-motifs (Ml) comportent une échancrure (26) sur au moins un bord d'attaque et/ou de fuite et sur au moins une partie de leur hauteur ou de leur largeur. 12. Exchanger according to claim 11, characterized in that N ≈ 4. Exchanger according to any one of claims l to 12, characterized in that at least certain parts of at least certain bases (M) and / or under -motifs (Ml) comprise a notch (26) on at least one leading and / or trailing edge and on at least part of their height or their width.
EP01989656A 2000-12-28 2001-12-21 Heat exchanger with brazed plates Expired - Lifetime EP1348100B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0017178A FR2819048B1 (en) 2000-12-28 2000-12-28 WINDED FIN IN HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FLAT PLATES AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGER
FR0017178 2000-12-28
PCT/FR2001/004141 WO2002054000A1 (en) 2000-12-28 2001-12-21 Heat exchanger with brazed plates

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EP1348100A1 true EP1348100A1 (en) 2003-10-01
EP1348100B1 EP1348100B1 (en) 2006-03-15

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US (1) US7059397B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1348100B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3974526B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1284958C (en)
DE (1) DE60118029T2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2002054000A1 (en)

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DE60118029T2 (en) 2006-12-28
EP1348100B1 (en) 2006-03-15
US20040144525A1 (en) 2004-07-29
FR2819048B1 (en) 2005-08-19
FR2819048A1 (en) 2002-07-05
CN1284958C (en) 2006-11-15
JP2004517293A (en) 2004-06-10
CN1483134A (en) 2004-03-17
US7059397B2 (en) 2006-06-13
JP3974526B2 (en) 2007-09-12
DE60118029D1 (en) 2006-05-11
WO2002054000A1 (en) 2002-07-11

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