EP1338758B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zerbrechen eines harten Materials - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zerbrechen eines harten Materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1338758B1
EP1338758B1 EP03251038A EP03251038A EP1338758B1 EP 1338758 B1 EP1338758 B1 EP 1338758B1 EP 03251038 A EP03251038 A EP 03251038A EP 03251038 A EP03251038 A EP 03251038A EP 1338758 B1 EP1338758 B1 EP 1338758B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
guide
stemming
cartridge
alignment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03251038A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1338758A1 (de
Inventor
David Carnegie-Smith
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RockTek Ltd
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RockTek Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RockTek Ltd filed Critical RockTek Ltd
Publication of EP1338758A1 publication Critical patent/EP1338758A1/de
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Publication of EP1338758B1 publication Critical patent/EP1338758B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/16—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/12—Feeding tamping material by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/22—Methods for holding or positioning for blasting cartridges or tamping cartridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • This specification relates to an apparatus and method for fracturing a hard material particularly, thought not exclusively, for application in mining and civil excavation.
  • a major impediment with the drill and blast technique or indeed other techniques using explosives is its cyclical nature.
  • the technique is slow and tedious because a miner operating a drilling machine must stop drilling, get down from the machine and manually load the explosive. This means that either additional personnel or equipment is required to charge and load the explosives and initiators or productive cycle time is lost while the drill operator stops to load the drill holes as well.
  • small charge blasting includes any excavation method where relatively small amounts of an energetic substance (typically a kilogram or less) is consumed for each drill hole or alternatively where a fluid is sealed in the bottom of a drill hole and pressurised in order to propagate a fracture in the material to be broken.
  • the term “sealing” refers to the partial or total blockage of the hole to impede escape of the high-pressure gas pulse or fluid from the hole. Examples of small charge blasting devices and methods are described in US patents 5,765,923, 5,308,149 and 5,098,163. A device according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in US patent 6,347,837.
  • the pressurised fluid can be generated in a number of different ways including by: combustion of a propellant; an electrical discharge into a conductive fluid; or mechanical compression of the fluid. Some form of stemming seals the hole for sufficient time to enable the fluid pressure to cause fracturing of the rock.
  • Small charge breakage can be highly mechanised and automated so that it can be carried out more or less continuously to increase productivity. It can also allow excavation machinery to remain near the face due to reduced flyrock discharge, and has an additional advantage of producing a relatively small seismic signature due to the small amount of blasting agent used and the lack of a shock wave.
  • an apparatus for fracturing a hard material including at least:
  • said system for advancing said cartridge includes a flexible elongated member having a first end which abuts an end of said cartridge distant said hole, and a device for advancing and retracting said flexible elongated member.
  • said flexible elongated member is a conduit and constitutes a part of said stemming loader, said stemming loader further including a stemming injector for injecting particulate stemming material into a second end of said conduit.
  • said stemming injector includes a blower for blowing said particulate stemming material into and along said conduit.
  • said apparatus further includes an alignment mechanism for moving said guide into and out of alignment with said hole.
  • said alignment mechanism rotates said loading head about an axis parallel to an axis of said hole, to move the guide into and out of alignment with said hole.
  • said mechanism slides said loading head along an axis perpendicular to an axis of said hole, to move the guide into and out of alignment with said hole.
  • said apparatus further includes a drilling system for drilling said hole, said drilling system including a rail and a drill slidably mounted on said rail, wherein said alignment mechanism is supported on said rail.
  • said loading head includes a stemming bar which can be moved into and out of alignment of said hole for insertion into said hole to support said particulate stemming.
  • said stemming bar includes a transmitter for transmitting a signal into said hole for operating an initiator or a detonator contained in said cartridge.
  • said method of aligning includes advancing said guide into abutment with said face of said hard material.
  • said step of advancing said cartridge includes pushing said cartridge along said guide.
  • said step of pushing includes advancing a length of a flexible elongated member into said guide to push said cartridge along said guide into said hole.
  • said step of injecting particulate material includes forming said flexible elongated member as a conduit and blowing said particulate stemming material through said conduit into said hole.
  • said method further includes a step of retracting said conduit from said hole as said particulate material is blown into said hole.
  • said method further includes a step of attaching said guide to a drilling system which includes a rail and a drill mounted on said rail and supporting said guide on said rail.
  • a drilling system which includes a rail and a drill mounted on said rail and supporting said guide on said rail.
  • Preferably said method includes providing an alignment mechanism for moving said guide into and out of alignment with said hole.
  • said method further includes a step of providing a stemming bar coupled to said alignment mechanism, moving said guide out of alignment with said hole; and moving said stemming bar into alignment with said hole and into abutment with said particulate stemming in said hole.
  • an apparatus 10 for small charge blasting includes a loading head 12 provided with a guide in the form of a tube 14 for receiving a cartridge 16 containing a charge of energetic material, and guiding the cartridge 16 to a collar 18 of the hole 20 formed in a face 22 of a hard material such as a body of rock 24 to be fractured.
  • energetic material is used here in a general sense to include a propellant, an explosive, a pyrotechnic, and any combination thereof.
  • the apparatus 10 also incorporates a flexible elongated member in the form of a conduit 26 as part of a system for advancing the cartridge 16 along (and more particularly through) the tube 14 to a toe 28 of the hole 20.
  • a stemming loader 30 (see Figure 7) is also provided for loading a particulate stemming material; such as sized and graded aggregate material, into the hole 20 through the tube 14.
  • an embodiment of the apparatus 10 is attached to a boom 32 of a jumbo 34 and also supports a drilling system or rig 36 comprising a rail 38, drifter 40 and drilling steel 42, all of conventional construction.
  • the loading head 12 includes a swing arm 44 comprising a first relatively short member 46 which is attached at one end 48 to one end 50 of a second longer member 52 which extends perpendicular to the member 46.
  • An opposite end 54 of the member 46 is formed with a profiled socket 56 for receiving a splined drive shaft 58 of a motor 60.
  • the motor 60 is attached by a series of bolts 62 to a motor bracket 64.
  • the motor bracket 64 in turn is coupled by bolts 66 to a mounting bracket 68.
  • the mounting bracket 68 is attached to the rail 38 of the drilling system 36.
  • a carriage 70 is slidably mounted on the member 52. To facilitate the sliding motion of the carriage 70, the carriage incorporates a number of rollers or wheels 72.
  • the carriage 70 supports a cradle 74 to which is attached the tube 14.
  • a rod 76 of an extension cylinder 78 is attached to a bracket 80 of the carriage 70. End 82 of the cylinder 78 opposite the rod 76 is coupled by a bracket 84 to an end 86 of the member 52.
  • the motor 60 moves the tube 14 by way of rotation about an axis A parallel to an axis B of the hole 18 (see Figure 5) into and out of alignment with the hole 18.
  • the extension cylinder 78 can be operated to move the carriage 70 along the member 52 and thus lineally advance and retract the tube 14 from the face 22.
  • the combination of the motor 60, swing arm 44, rod 76, extension cylinder 78 and carriage 70 constitute an alignment mechanism for moving the tube 14 into and out of alignment with the hole 18.
  • the conduit 26 which is used for advancing or pushing the cartridge 16 is wound on a reel 88 which can be operated to advance or pay out the conduit 26 (i.e. feed it into and along the tube 14) and to retract or reel it in.
  • the reel 88 pays out the conduit 26
  • one end of the conduit 26 pushes the cartridge 16 through the tube 14 towards and into the hole 20.
  • the tube 26 also forms part of the stemming loader 30 used for loading particulate stemming material into the hole 20.
  • a second end of the tube 26 can be selectively placed into fluid communication with a stemming feed pipe 90 into which is fed particulate stemming material from a stemming kettle 92.
  • An end of the stemming feed pipe 90 upstream of the kettle 92 is coupled to a blower 94.
  • the blower 94 blows air into the stemming feed pipe 90 in which is entrained the particulate stemming material from the kettle 92.
  • the blower 94 blows the particulate stemming material through the conduit 26 and the tube 14 into the hole 20.
  • an upstream end 96 of the tube 14 is provided with a breach 98 for facilitating loading of cartridges 16 into the tube 14.
  • the breach 98 is held by a breach support 100.
  • the cartridge 16 is pre-coupled to an initiator line 102 which is unwound from a reel 104.
  • the apparatus 10 is attached to a jumbo 34 with the loading head 12 attached by mounting bracket 68 to rail 38 of the drilling system 36.
  • the stemming kettle 92 and reel 88 are mounted to the rear of the jumbo 34.
  • the breach 98 is located in a position where an operator of the jumbo 34 can easily manually load the cartridges 16 into the breach 98.
  • the tube 14 has a relatively short rigid section 106 which is supported by the cradle 74 and a flexible hose portion 108 attached to an upstream end of the rigid section 106.
  • the breach 98 is provided in the hose portion 108.
  • the jumbo 34 (not shown in this Figure) is operated in a conventional manner to drill the hole 20 into the body of rock 24.
  • the drifter 40 is advanced along the rail 38 to advance the drilling steel 42 into the body of rock 24 producing a hole 20.
  • the loading head 12 which is coupled to the rail 36 by the bracket 68, is disposed so that the tube 14 is out of axial alignment with and lineally spaced from, the face 22.
  • the jumbo operator operates the drilling system 36 so as to retract the drilling steel 42 from the hole 20. This is achieved by sliding the drifter 40 along the rail 38 away from the face 22 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the motor 60 is operated to rotate the swing arm 44 (and thus the tube 14) about axis A, so that the tube 14 is in axial alignment with the hole 20.
  • the tube 14 remains spaced from the face 22.
  • the extension cylinder 78 is now operated to extend the rod 76 thereby sliding the carriage 70 along the member 52 and lineally advancing the tube 14 to the collar 18 of the hole 20, as shown in Figure 6.
  • a cartridge 16, to which an initiator lead 102 has been attached is inserted into the breach 98.
  • the breach is then closed.
  • the breach 98 when closed is provided with an opening to allow the lead 102 to feed into the hose portion 108.
  • the reel 88 is operated to pay out or advance the conduit 26 so that one end of the conduit 26 abuts the cartridge 16 and pushes it along the hose portion 108 and rigid portion 106 of the tube 14 into the hole 20 and to the toe 28 of the hole 20.
  • particulate stemming material 110 from the stemming kettle 92 is blown through the conduit 26, and thus the tube 14, into the hole 20.
  • the reel 88 is operated to retract or reel in the conduit 26 from the hole 20 as the stemming material flows through it. Accordingly, the hole 20 from the cartridge 16 to the collar 18 is filled with particulate stemming material 110.
  • the injection of stemming material ceases when the packed stemming reaches the collar 18 of the hole 20.
  • the extension cylinder 78 is again then operated to retract the rod 76 sliding the carriage 72 along the member 52 away from the face 22 thus similarly lineally retracting the tube 14 from the face 22, as depicted in Figure 8.
  • the lead 102 is then cut.
  • the motor 60 is operated to rotate the swing arm 44 about axis A to rotate or swing the tube 14 out of axial alignment with the hole 20, as depicted in Figure 9. This action will cause at least a part of the length of the lead 102 to pull out of the tube 14. If any portion of the lead 102 remains within the tube 14 it can easily be pulled out manually so that it is free of the apparatus 10. The boom 32 of the jumbo is then retracted to further space the apparatus 10 from the face 22, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the lead 102 is attached to a battery or other type of energy source which is then operated to cause initiation of the energetic material within the cartridge 16. This results in a fracturing of the rock in the vicinity of the hole 20 as schematically illustrated in Figure 11.
  • the energetic material is a propellant its initiation can result in a penetrating core fracture of the rock.
  • the fractured rock if not released from the face 22 can be removed by an impact breaker.
  • the cartridge 16 is attached to an initiator lead 102 which is physically coupled to a battery or some other source for providing power to initiate the energetic substance held within the cartridge 16.
  • the cartridge 16 may be detonated by radio waves in which case the initiator lead 102 is not required.
  • the cartridge 16 may (though not necessarily) be provided with a short antenna for receiving the radio signals.
  • the apparatus 10 may further include a stemming bar coupled to a second swing arm and second carriage 70 which can be rotated into axial alignment with the hole 20 and then lineally advanced to bear on or support the particulate stemming material 110 in the hole 20 where the stemming bar includes some form of transmitter for transmitting a radio signal into the hole to provide either initiation signals/commands which can be received by a circuit in the cartridge 16 to initiate the energetic material.
  • the stemming bar and an initiator in the cartridge can be configured in a manner as set out in Applicant's Patent Application No. PCT/AU98/00929 (the contents of which is incorporated herein by way of reference) so that a signal is transmitted via that stemming bar also provide operational power for the initiator.
  • the tube 14 (and/or stemming bar if provided) can be moved lineally along an axis perpendicular to the axis B of the hole 20 into and out of axial alignment with the hole 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Brechen bzw. Zerbrechen eines harten Materials, wobei die Vorrichtung wenigstens Folgendes aufweist:
    einen Haltekopf, der mit einer Führung zum Aufnehmen einer Kartusche, die eine Sprengladung von energetischem Material enthält und zum Fuhren der Kartusche in ein Loch versehen ist, das an einer Fläche eines zu brechenden harten Materials gebildet ist;
    ein System zum Vorwärtsbringen der Kartusche entlang der Führung zu einer Spitze bzw. Grund des Loches;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Vorrichtung ferner eine Bohrlochstopf-Ladeeinrichtung zum Laden eines aus Einzelteilen bestehenden bzw. Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterials in das Loch durch die Führung enthält.
  2. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das System zum Vorwärtsbringen der Kartusche ein elastisches längliches Glied, das ein erstes Ende hat, welches an ein Ende der Kartusche fern des Loches angrenzt, und eine Einrichtung zum Vorwärtsbringen und Zurückziehen bzw. Einziehen des elastischen länglichen Gliedes enthält.
  3. Verrichtung gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei das elastische längliche Glied eine Leitung ist und einen Teil der Bohrlochstopf-Ladeeinrichtung bildet, wobei die Bohrlochstopf-Ladeeinrichtung ferner eine Bohrlochstopf-Einspritzeinrichtung zum Einspritzen von aus Einzelteilen bestehenden bzw. Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterial in ein zweites Ende der Leitung enthält
  4. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei die Bohrlochstopf-Einspritzeinrichtung ein Gebläse bzw. einen Verdichter zum Blasen des aus Einzelteilen bestehenden bzw. Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterials in und entlang der Leitung enthält.
  5. Vorrichtung gemäß irgendeinem vorhergehenden Anspruch, die ferner einen Ausrlchtungsmechanismus zum Bewegen der Führung in die und aus der Ausrichtung mit dem Loch enthält.
  6. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei der Ausrichtungsmechanismus den Ladekopf um eine Achse parallel zu einer Achse des Loches dreht, um die Führung in die und aus der Ausrichtung mit dem Loch zu bewegen.
  7. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei der Ausrichtungsmechanismus den Ladekopf entlang einer Achse senkrecht zu einer Achse des Loches gleiten lässt bzw. schiebt, um die Führung in die und aus der Ausrichtung mit dem Loch zu bewegen.
  8. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, die ferner ein Bohrsystem zum Bohren des Loches enthält, wobei das Bohrsystem eine Schiene und eine Bohreinrichtung enthält die gleitbar an der Schiene angebracht ist, wobei der Ausrichtungsmechanismus an der Schiene gestützt bzw. getragen wird.
  9. Vorrichtung gemäß irgendeinem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei der Ladekopf eine Bohrlochstopfstange enthält, welche in die und aus der Ausrichtung des Loches zur Einfügung in das Loch bewegt werden kann, um das aus Einzelteilen bestehende bzw, Partikel-Bohrlochstopfen zu unterstützen.
  10. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei die Bohrlochstopfstange einen Transmitter bzw. Sender zum Übertragen bzw. Senden eines Signals in das Loch zum Betätigen eines Initiators bzw, Sprengkapsel oder eines Detonators bzw. Sprengzünders enthält, der in der Kartusche enthalten ist.
  11. Verfahren des Brechens bzw. Zerbrechens eines harten Materials, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte enthält:
    Vorsehen einer Führung zum Aufnehmen einer Kartusche, die eine Sprengladung von energetischem Material enthält;
    Ausrichten der Führung mit einem Loch, das an einer Oberfläche eines harten Materials gebildet ist;
    Einsetzen der Kartusche in die Führung;
    Vorwärtsbringen der Kartusche entlang der Führung in das Loch;
    Einspritzen von aus Einzelteilen bestehendem bzw, Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterial durch die Führung in das Loch; und
    Initiieren bzw. Auslösen des energetischen Materials.
  12. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 11, das den Schritt des Vorwärtsbringens der Führung in Anlage mit der Fläche des harten Materials enthält.
  13. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 11, wobei der Schritt des Vorwärtsbringens der Kartusche das Drängen bzw. Treiben der Kartusche entlang der Führung enthält.
  14. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 13, wobei der Schritt des Drängens bzw. Treibens das Vorwärtsbringens einer Länge eines elastischen länglichen Gliedes in die Führung enthält, um die Kartusche entlang der Führung in das Loch zu drängen bzw. zu treiben.
  15. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, wobei der Schritt des Einspritzens von aus Einzelteilen bestehendem bzw. Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterial das Bilden des elastischen länglichen Gliedes als eine Leitung und das Blasen des aus Einzelteilen bestehenden bzw. Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterials durch die Leitung in das Loch enthält.
  16. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 15, das dem Schritt des Zurückziehens bzw. des Einziehens der Leitung aus dem Loch enthält, wenn das aus Einzelteilen bestehende bzw. Partikelmaterial in das Loch geblasen worden ist.
  17. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, das einen Schritt des Anbringens der Führung an ein Bohrsystem enthält, welches eine Schiene und eine Bohreinrichtung enthält, die an der Schiene angebracht ist, und wobei die Führung an der Schiene gestützt bzw. getragen wird.
  18. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, das den Schritt des Vorsehens eines Ausrichtungsmechanismus zum Bewegen der Führung in die und aus der Ausrichtung mit dem Loch enthält.
  19. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 18, das einen Schritt des Vorsehens einer Bohrlochstopfstange enthält, die mit dem Ausrichtungsmechanismus gekoppelt ist, wobei die Führung aus der Ausrichtung mit dem Loch bewegt wird; und wobei
    die Bohrlochstopfstange in Ausrichtung mit dem Loch und in Anlage mit dem aus Einzelteilen bestehenden bzw. Partikel-Bohrlochstopfmaterial in dem Loch bewegt wird.
EP03251038A 2002-02-20 2003-02-20 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zerbrechen eines harten Materials Expired - Lifetime EP1338758B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35925102P 2002-02-20 2002-02-20
US359251P 2002-02-20

Publications (2)

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EP1338758A1 EP1338758A1 (de) 2003-08-27
EP1338758B1 true EP1338758B1 (de) 2006-01-18

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US (1) US20040007911A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1338758B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE316195T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003200490B2 (de)
DE (1) DE60303260D1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200301343B (de)

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CN116710728A (zh) 2020-11-10 2023-09-05 戴诺诺贝尔亚太股份有限公司 用于确定炮眼中的水深和炸药深度的系统和方法

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US20040007911A1 (en) 2004-01-15
AU2003200490A1 (en) 2003-09-04
DE60303260D1 (de) 2006-04-06
AU2003200490B2 (en) 2008-05-08
ZA200301343B (en) 2004-08-19
EP1338758A1 (de) 2003-08-27
ATE316195T1 (de) 2006-02-15

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